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A sustainably intensified (SI) organic vegetable rotation, employing plant-based fertilizers, more crops, reduced tillage, and cover crops was compared to common practice (CP) where plants were fertilized with animal manure, typically one crop was grown per season, soil was plowed and often left bare over winter. Second and third-year results are presented. Nitrogen (N) input obtained within the rotation from N2 fixed by legume cover crops was higher under SI (34% potential self-sufficiency) than CP (5%). Marketable yields of cabbage, celeriac, leek, lettuce, and onion were similar, and aboveground dry matter increased by 16% under SI (8.6 Mg ha−1) compared to CP (7.5 Mg ha−1). Nitrogen use efficiency (N output/ N input) was 8–16% higher under SI compared to CP, mainly due to the full year clover. Nitrogen surface balance (N input – N output) was higher for SI compared to CP, indicating increased N leaching risk under SI. Short season and shallow-rooted crops under SI left more mineral N to 2.5 m depth in autumn than deeper rooted crops under CP. Cover crops indicated to mitigate N leaching risk. Vegetable production can be intensified sustainably using more yielding crops, cover crops, reduced tillage, and plant-based fertilizers.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore a) how people interpret responsible drinking messages on alcohol product labels, and b) the acceptability of including health information on labels. Design: Qualitative interviews Methods: Face to face semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 people aged 21 - 63; 18 were classified risky drinkers using AUDIT-C. They were shown three sets of alcohol product labels: one including three responsible drinking messages (drink responsibly), one with three positively worded health messages (drinking less reduces risks), and one with three negatively worded health messages (drinking more increases risks). Health messages included information about cancer, liver and heart disease). Results: Thematic analysis identified three themes: ambiguity about alcohol labelling; identifying oneself as responsible; and acceptability of enhanced product labelling. Participants were critical of responsible drinking messages and wary of conflicting health information in the media. They positioned themselves as responsible, knowledgeable drinkers and distanced themselves from problem drinkers. They did not appear to support the inclusion of health information on labels, however novel information was considered more impactful. Conclusions: Responsible drinking messages were seen by our sample as an alcohol industry ploy. Although health messages about cancer were seen as potentially impactful, the ability of consumers to position themselves as unproblematic drinkers means that they may not see the information on the label as relevant to themselves. Understanding factors that increase the personal relevance of messages is needed, alongside an exploration of a wider range of methods for alcohol health communication.

Det intensive DoubleCrop sædskifte med dyrkning af grønsager har bidraget med viden om anvendelse af efterafgrøder i det økologiske grønsagssædskifte. Der opnået en øget N-effektivitet i det intensive sædskifte, uden det har kostet udbytte.

As our understanding of what constitutes ‘good health’ grows, so does our need to understand the psychological aspects of medicine and health, as well as the psychological interventions available in healthcare. This new edition of this bestselling textbook provides a comprehensive overview of the research, theory, application and current practices in the field, covering topics from epigenetics to social determinants of health and transdiagnostic approaches to mental health and everything in between. An essential read for all medicine and healthcare students, this text is now accompanied by a suite of online resources for all your learning needs.

The global agenda asks for high and efficient food production in a sustainable way. A major part of the solution is a significant increase in vegetable consumption, which asks for an implementation of sustainable intensification in organic farming production of open-field vegetables. The aim of this study was to advance the design of cropping systems and their nitrogen management to achieve high yielding systems, while limiting nitrate leaching. A 5-year crop rotation trial was designed, including double cropping, plant-based fertilisers, catch crops, green manures and plough-free controlled traffic farming. The system was compared to a more standard organic crop rotation, fertilised by liquid manure. Crop yields, root growth, plant and soil nitrogen pools, soil microbial activity and nitrate leaching potential were studied in two years. Results showed that yields calculated per area were maintained for each crop, and increased for the season in the double-cropped system for at least two out of four fields of the rotation. Effects on soil nitrogen availability and leaching potential were ambiguous. Soil microbial activity, measured as potential nitrogen mineralisation and enzymatic activity, increased by more than 15% in the double-cropped compared to the standard system in the crop rotation. In conclusion, yields and soil fertility increased in the double-cropped system fertilised by plant-based sources and managed by plough-free controlled traffic farming. However, the high soil fertility asks for an increased focus on winter plant cover to avoid high leaching losses and to align to the principles of sustainable intensification.

Results from the 2. and 3. year of the DoubleCrop crop rotation trial

The Handbook of Psychological Perspectives on Alcohol provides a wide ranging treatment of psychological research applied to alcohol consumption in multiple social contexts authored by an eminent cast of contemporary international researchers. This chapter summarises the main messages arising from the Handbook, reflects on what is currently known derived from psychological inquiry, considers where the gaps in knowledge lie, and sets out an agenda for future research to assist in filling these gaps. Specifically, four broad themes arising from the research presented in this Handbook are identified, and the state of the research and avenues for future research under each outlined: samples, methods, theories and applications.

Developing and implementing effective interventions to prevent and intervene with harmful alcohol use remains imperative if the global burden of alcohol related harms is to be reduced and the lives of those affected improved. Excessive alcohol consumption remains a significant public health problem. Worldwide, three million deaths every year are attributed to the harmful use of alcohol (World Health Organization (WHO), 2018). Harmful use is linked to 200 health conditions; including liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, and poor mental health (WHO, 2018). The misuse of alcohol has negative health and social consequences for the individual and wider society. The WHO aims to cut the harmful use of alcohol by 10% by 2025 (WHO, 2018). Recent evidence suggests this target is unlikely to be met, instead it appears that annual consumption of alcohol globally is on the increase (Manthey et al., 2019). Brief alcohol interventions offer one means of rapidly intervening to reduce and avoid harmful alcohol use, particularly via electronic personalised feedback: the aim of this chapter is to review the intervention content, evidence base, effectiveness, future challenges and opportunities associated with the use of electronic brief interventions for alcohol

Background: To encourage people to lead healthier lifestyles, governments in many countries publish guidelines for alcohol intake, physical activity (PA), and fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. However, there is a need for better understanding of whether people understand such guidelines, consider them useful, and adhere to them. University students are a group worth of attention because although they are less likely than older adults to exceed UK weekly alcohol intake guidelines or to be inactive, they are also less likely to meet FV consumption targets. Furthermore, because behaviour during youth predicts adult behaviour, it is important to identify influences on healthier behaviour. Methods: An online survey was completed by 559 UK university students. Key outcome variables were knowledge of guidelines, motivation to adhere to them, and adherence to them. Results: 72% adhered to guidelines for alcohol intake, 58% for PA, and 20% for FV intake. Students generally had poor or moderate knowledge of guidelines, perceived them as only moderately useful, and were only moderately motivated to adhere to them. Greater motivation to adhere to guidelines was not significantly related to more accurate knowledge. However, it was related to greater familiarity, and perceiving guidelines as useful and realistic, and greater conscientiousness. Discussion: There is a need to ensure that students understand the UK guidelines for alcohol intake, PA, and FV intake. However, simply increasing knowledge may not lead to greater adherence to the guidelines: there is also a need to focus on improving perceptions of how useful and realistic they are.