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This study aims to determine the reliability of applying a thermal management system in conjunction with Internet of Things in solar electric cars. In conventional electric cars or those whose driving energy source comes from gasoline fuel; the applied thermal management system is mainly used as a coolant for the internal combustion engine. However, for electric cars the thermal management system may be used for the main components such as controllers that convert solar module energy into electricity and batteries. Results from tests utilizing six DC fans for air cooling of the thermal management system yield two variations of battery charging conditions from the solar modules, namely variations of 25 and 400 turns of the trimmer constant current step-up charger. Test results from the proposed thermal management system show that the highest step-up charger temperature is 35.75 °C with voltage of 57.64 V for the variation of 25 laps. The test results on the battery voltage and temperature show that the highest battery temperature reaches 31.75 °C with voltage of 57.3 V at the variation of 25 rounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current generation in South Sudan has been observed to be declining in taking literature as a subject of specialization. The reasons were attributed to unattractive salaries, demotivation, and the welfare of the families, among others. The South Sudan public and private universities have been challenged by the lack of new teaching staff. The results are seen at the two levels of education, Higher Education and General Education. The richest nation in both, East Africa and the IGAD, South Sudan possesses an abundance of resources, including minerals, oil, cattle, agricultural goods, finishers, and rivers and streams, that the government has failed to adequately utilize. It was pointed out that human resources are the foundation of all progress, and that the foundation of any development in the modern world is education. The general public, academia, and representatives of civil society organizations have all voiced assertions that the government does not consider education to be a high priority. The outcome is that people abandon teaching in search of better opportunities. The lack of teachers of English Language and Literature resulted in poor quality of English language and Literature as well as science subjects. Educationists, linguists, and literary writers from South Sudan contended that the current generation lacks the aptitude to acquire the English language and literature, as well as the necessary knowledge and abilities. It was said that the government does not inspire or encourage members of the present generation to pursue careers as teachers. The government of South Sudan is being called out to reinstate the scholarship program for exceptional pupils. They emphasized that people who are prepared and eager to study English language and literature in the US, UK, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand should be awarded the scholarship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigates the discrepancies in electrical parameters of mono-crystalline solar panels between Ago-Iwoye weather conditions and the manufacturer’s specified ideal conditions. Manufacturer’s specifications are typically based on 1,000 W/m2 global solar irradiance, AM 1.5, and 25°C operating temperature, while actual weather conditions at installation sites can vary significantly. Mono-crystalline (single-crystal) silicon solar panels of capacities 60, 80, 100, and 150 W were evaluated through current-voltage (I-V) response tests at an installation site in Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria, with solar irradiance exposure from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. The analysis of I-V and P-V curves revealed a significant reduction in maximum power output by 28.6%, 25.9%, 28.9%, and 19.36%, respectively, compared to the manufacturer’s stated values. This deviation underscores the importance of considering local weather conditions during solar PV projects, and we recommend adding an additional 20%–30% of the total solar panel capacity during installations to account for variations in solar irradiance and operating temperatures, ensuring optimal performance and effective solar power generation in Ago-Iwoye and similar areas.

This study aims to determine the reliability of applying a thermal management system in conjunction with Internet of Things in solar electric cars. In conventional electric cars or those whose driving energy source comes from gasoline fuel; the applied thermal management system is mainly used as a coolant for the internal combustion engine. However, for electric cars the thermal management system may be used for the main components such as controllers that convert solar module energy into electricity and batteries. Results from tests utilizing six DC fans for air cooling of the thermal management system yield two variations of battery charging conditions from the solar modules, namely variations of 25 and 400 turns of the trimmer constant current step-up charger. Test results from the proposed thermal management system show that the highest step-up charger temperature is 35.75 °C with voltage of 57.64 V for the variation of 25 laps. The test results on the battery voltage and temperature show that the highest battery temperature reaches 31.75 °C with voltage of 57.3 V at the variation of 25 rounds.

Quantum dot light‐emitting diode (QDLED) displays promise superior color gamut with respect to organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) displays and liquid‐crystal displays (LCDs). In this paper, for the first time, a data‐validated closed‐form physics‐based expression is derived for the I‐V characteristics of QDLEDs. The I‐V equation is derived using an approximation scheme which not only brings the previouslyintractable transport mechanisms back into the fold of analytic tractability but emphasizes the underlying physics of each transport mechanism in doing so. The model is shown to fit state‐of‐the‐art experimental data over a large range of operating currents. The model may be used for circuit simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, for the first time, samples of nanoparticles of the multicomponent AlCuNiCoCrFe alloy were obtained by the method of joint electric explosion of wires of Al, Cu, Ni metals and N06003, NiCo29-18 alloys in an argon atmosphere. As the basic mode of wire explosion, a mode close to the matched one was chosen, which made it possible to minimize the influence of the energy of the arc stage of the discharge on the structural-phase state of the forming nanoparticles. It is shown that the obtained samples are represented by spherical particles with sizes ranging from 15 to 500 nm. The number-average size of nanoparticles of the obtained samples varies from 40 to 58 nm. The particle size distribution is described by a normal-logarithmic law, the crystal structure of the particles corresponds to substitutional solid solutions with a bcc and/or fcc lattice. An increase in the Al content in the explosion products leads to an increase in the content of the phase with a bcc lattice in the samples, while an increase in the Cu content leads to an increase in the phase with a fcc lattice. The resulting samples can be used in electrocatalysis.

Ultrasound guided peripheral nerve block (USgPNB) refers to anaesthetic techniques to deposit local anesthetic next to nerves, permitting painful surgery without necessitating general anesthesia. Needle tip position prior to local anesthetic deposition is a key determinant of block success and safety. Nerve puncture and intra-neural injection of local anesthetic can cause permanent nerve injury. Currently ultrasound guidance is not sufficiently sensitive to reliably detect needle to nerve proximity. Feedback with bioimpedance data from the smart needle tip might provide the anesthetist with information as to the relationship between the needle tip and the target nerve prior to local anesthetic deposition.

Pekalongan City is an area that frequently experiences floods. In response, the government has launched a flood management program for the Pekalongan area, which includes the relocation of the National Fishery Harbor Pekalongan. The construction of the Pekalongan Onshore Harbor will change marine hydrodynamics, current, waves and sediments. To address these issues, it is necessary to conduct a study of these changes. According to the modeling results, the maximum current speed in the harbor pool ranges from 0 to 0.28 m/s, while the maximum wave height in the harbor pool falls within the range of 0 to 0.40 meters. The bed level change at the end of modeling in the harbor pool is 0.108 mm. Notably, the construction of the Pekalongan Onshore Harbor, as per the planned layout, induces hydrodynamic changes. An indicator of a hydrodynamics change is the alteration in currents at T4 and T5 in each model. In the proposed harbor layout, T4 and T5 exhibit a decrease in current speed, while the wave height remains relatively consistent. This change reduces erosion at T5 and even leads to sedimentation at T4 within the planned harbor layout.

In this article a diagnosis of the power quality in the welding hall of the company CIAUTO Cía. Ltda. is carried out, following the Ecuadorian regulation No. ARCERNNR - 002/20. The electrical parameters are recorded with the FLUKE 435-II and analyzed according to the quality of the product and the consumer. The results reveal that the power factor is below 0.92, indicating inefficient use of electrical energy. In the evaluation of the quality of the product, it is observed that the voltage remains within the established limits, although it decreases considerably during working hours, on the other hand, the Flicker does not meet the standard, also the individual harmonic distortion specifically in the fifth harmonic 20% of variables recorded exceed 5%, unlike the total harmonic voltage distortion (THD) that meets the regulation. Likewise, an analysis of the quality in relation to the consumer is performed, revealing alarming levels of current consumption that exceed the nominal levels of the 800 kVA transformer at 325 A, also 90% of individual current harmonics greatly exceed the limits and the total demand distortion (TDD) has records of harmonics up to 80.04%. Finally, it is determined that the power quality in the welding hall of CIAUTO Cía. Ltda. presents deficiencies in power factor, Flicker and harmonic distortion. These results highlight the need to take measures to improve energy efficiency and ensure power quality for both the product and the consumer.

Bearings are one of the most essential elements in an induction motor, and they are built with different materials and constructions according to their application. These components are usually one of the most failure-prone parts of an electric motor, so correct and accurate measurements, instrumentation, and processing methods are required to prevent and detect the presence of different failures. This work develops a methodology based on the fusion of current and magnetic stray flux signals, calculation of statistical and non-statistical indicators, genetic algorithms (GAs), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and neural networks. The proposed approach achieves a diagnostic effectiveness of 99.8% for detecting various damages in the outer race at 50 Hz frequency and 96.6% at 60 Hz. It also demonstrates 99.8% effectiveness for detecting damages in the presence of contaminants in lubrication at 50 Hz and 97% at 60 Hz. These results apply across metallic, ceramic, and hybrid bearings.

On the night of 1 November 2022, a luminous discharge was produced above a storm over the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. An unprecedented set of optical and electrical data makes it possible to characterize this event. It is embedded in a lightning flash which starts with a positive discharge producing a high‐power very high frequency (VHF) source at 6 km followed by VHF sources at 10 and 4 km within the cloud. The luminous event above the cloud is identified as a negative leader emerging from the cloud and reaching 14.2 km, topped with streamers up to about 17.2 km, and followed by channel rebrightening phases connected to the negative charge of a positive dipole. It is preceded by a convective surge and a production of positive flashes within the same storm region. Its polarity and its triggering conditions show similarities with those of gigantic jets. Plain Language Summary: Several pictures and one video of a luminous discharge above a storm over Mediterranean Sea allow us to determine its structure and the associated altitudes. Data from different lightning location systems show that it was embedded within a lightning flash, including an initial positive stroke, followed by substantial intracloud activity between two levels within the cloud, 4 and 10 km. The upward discharge corresponds with a negative leader developing up to 14.2 km altitude, long streamers at its top up to 17.2 km and three brightening of the leader channel connected with the main negative charge of the cloud. It was produced 10 min after the main convective surge of the storm. Finally, the whole discharge resembles the beginning of a gigantic jet in terms of negative polarity and conditions of production. Key Points: An upward discharge embedded in a lightning flash is identified as a negative leader up to 14.2 km topped with streamers up to 17.2 kmThe upward leader is followed by Current Moment peaks and channel rebrightening connected to the negative charge of a positive dipoleIt has the opposite characteristics to the blue starter and common ones with triggering conditions of gigantic jets [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of testing the current scenarios developed and verified by using the DINA code at the KTM tokamak during the autumn–winter campaign of 2021 are presented. The qualitative difference between the developed scenarios is an increase in the plasma current and discharge duration with a constant breakdown stage, as well as the presence of a software stage of reducing the plasma current before the discharge is completed. In addition, the technological limitations of the power supply sources of the coils and the requirement to minimize the current reversal in the control coils in the zone of near-zero currents were taken into account. The main goal of the scenarios obtained is the realization of a current plateau during the discharge with the presence of a stage of software reduction of the plasma current before the end of the discharge. The works carried out in 2021 became the next significant step toward bringing the KTM unit to design parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of testing the discharge scenarios developed using the DINA code on the KTM tokamak during the autumn–winter campaign of 2021. The qualitative difference of the developed scenarios is the increase in the plasma current and discharge duration with the unchanged breakdown stage at the bypass voltage of 6 V as well as the presence of a program stage of plasma current reduction before the end of the discharge. In addition, technological limitations in the form of the absence of current reversal in the inductor winding during the discharge and minimization of current reversal in the control windings in the zone of near-zero currents are taken into account. The works conducted in 2021 are the next significant step toward bringing the KTM unit to its design parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the calculation of equilibrium configurations of the MEPHIST-0 tokamak plasma with a poloidal magnetic system taking into account the part responsible for compensating the magnetic field of the central solenoid using the DINA plasma physics code. The parameters of the poloidal magnetic system necessary for the formation of initial equilibrium after the discharge breakdown are obtained. The results of calibration experiments without taking into account the vacuum chamber using a pulsed current source are presented, on the basis of which the dynamic problem of plasma equilibrium calculation is formulated. The simulation results are compared with the experimental data, and the influence of the chamber on the results is considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a proficient control approach-based 17-level Quasi Z-source Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (QZS-CMI) topology is proposed to interface photovoltaic (PV) system. The control approach is a combination of GarraRufa Fish Optimization (GRFO) and Random Forest Algorithm (RFA). Hence, it is named as GRFO-RFA technique. The major goal of this paper is to present a 17-level QZS-CMI with fewer semiconductor switches that is ideal in high-power photovoltaic applications with lower total harmonic distortion and higher performance. The interface between the load and PV DC source is performed with QZSI. The design modeling of QZS-CMI is improved and the maximal power of PV power production system is supplied. Initially, the objective function is decided depending on the control restrictions and the parameters. The GRFOA process is utilized to enhance power delivery, voltage profile, and minimal power swing. The enhanced QZS-CMI based on the proposed system controls shoot-through and reduces modulation load and duty ratio. The proposed system is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and its efficacy is compared to the existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implantable biomedical (IBM) systems and biomedical sensors can improve life quality, identify sickness, monitor biological signs, and replace the function of malfunctioning organs. However, these devices compel continuous battery power, which can be limited by the battery's capacity and lifetime, reducing the device's effectiveness. The wireless power transfer (WPT) technique, specifically magnetic resonator coupling (MRC), was utilized to address the limited battery capacity of IBMs. By using WPT-MRC, the device can obtain power wirelessly, thereby reducing the need for frequent battery replacements and increasing the device's potential. In this research, spider-web coil (S-WC) based MRC-WPT was conceived and carried out experimentally to enhance low-power IBM's rechargeable battery usage time. The presented SWC-MRC-WPT design uses series-parallel (S-P) configuration to power the IBM. Both transmitter and receiver coils exhibit an operating oscillation frequency of 6.78 MHz. The paper reports on experiments performed in the laboratory to assess the performance of the proposed design in terms of output DC at three different resistive loads and transmission distances with alignment conditions among the receiver and the transmitter coils. Various transfer distances ranging from 10 to 100 mm were investigated to analyze the DC output current (Idc). Specifically, under a 30 V voltage source (VS) and a transfer distance of 20 mm, the DC output current was observed to be 330, 321, and 313 mA at resistive loads of 50, 100, and 150 Ω, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Polarization measurements of organic surfactant systems on the steel surface in the Tafel coordinates are performed. The corrosion parameters are calculated. An inhibition effect of the systems under study on the supporting solution is revealed. Synergism has been revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resolvin D2 (RvD2), an endogenous lipid mediator derived from docosahexaenoic acid, has been demonstrated to have analgesic effects. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying RvD2 in pain relief. Herein, we demonstrate that RvD2 targeted the P2X3 receptor as an analgesic. The electrophysiological activity of P2X3 receptors was suppressed by RvD2 in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. RvD2 pre‐application dose‐dependently decreased α,β‐methylene‐ATP (α,β‐meATP)‐induced inward currents. RvD2 remarkably decreased the maximum response to α,β‐meATP, without influencing the affinity of P2X3 receptors. RvD2 also voltage‐independently suppressed ATP currents. An antagonist of the G protein receptor 18 (GPR18), O‐1918, prevented the RvD2‐induced suppression of ATP currents. Additionally, intracellular dialysis of the Gαi/o‐protein antagonist pertussis toxin (PTX), the PKA antagonist H89, or the cAMP analog 8‐Br‐cAMP also blocked the RvD2‐induced suppression. Furthermore, α,β‐meATP‐triggered depolarization of membrane potential along with the action potential bursts in DRG neurons were inhibited by RvD2. Lastly, RvD2 attenuated spontaneous nociceptive behaviors as well as mechanical allodynia produced by α,β‐meATP in rats via the activation of the peripheral GPR18. These findings indicated that RvD2 inhibited P2X3 receptors in rat primary sensory neurons through GPR18, PTX‐sensitive Gαi/o‐proteins, and intracellular cAMP/PKA signaling, revealing a novel mechanism that underlies its analgesic effects by targeting P2X3 receptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial floating reefs are an important supplement to bottom reefs in marine habitat construction, which provide a good environment for fish to survive, breed and habituate in the middle and upper layers of water. They can adapt to the silt bottom of the East China Sea. To make full use of the water space and improve the effective space of the floating reef, based on the field tidal current data, an upper- and lower-layered artificial floating reef has been designed in this study. The connection method of the upper and lower reefs has been described in detail and a hydrodynamic numerical model has been established. At the same time, the effects of floating reef structure ratio, wave height and wave steepness on its force and motion are discussed under the action of tidal current and wave current. The result shows that, at a specific flow rate, the change of the proportion of the layered floating reef structure had little effect on the roll of the upper and lower reefs. The maximum roll angle does not exceed 15°, and the tilt angle of the upper and lower reefs is consistent, which ensures the good flow resistance and stability of the floating reef. Under the specific length of the connecting cable and the main mooring, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the layered floating reef are better when the ratio of the sum height of the lower reef and the connecting cable to the height of the upper reef is not greater than one and the extreme proportion structure is not considered. The tension of the stratified floating reef is proportional to the wave height and wave steepness under the action of wave and current. The main mooring rope is the most stressed, and the rolling motion of the upper and lower reefs is consistent. Above all, results can provide a theoretical basis for the optimization design of the artificial floating reef structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrophysical studies in 2004–2018 showed that the cyclonic gyre of the Middle Caspian Sea is not a year-round circulation. In the cold season, the current in the cyclonic gyre intensifies, while in the warm season, the circulation weakens and the directed current turns into a drift one, except for the western part, where the water is transferred from the Middle Caspian to the southern part of the sea due to the difference in the levels of the basins. It is shown that the current in the cyclonic circulation follows the contour above the slope of the Derbent Basin in the entire layer from the surface to the bottom. The seasonal boundaries of the annual intensification and weakening of the cyclonic circulation are revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lower sexual satisfaction with one's current partner (SSCP) has been associated with having a history of sexual victimization experience (SVE). However, whether or not this SVE involved the current partner as the perpetrator has been unclear. This study aimed to address this gap in the sexual health literature by examining women's SSCP based on SVE with that current partner (yes; no) and/or a different perpetrator (yes; no). A convenience sample of undergraduate women with an exclusive current partner (n = 412; 99 percent unmarried) at a U.S. public university anonymously responded via paper-and-pencil to the Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction and the Sexual Experiences Survey-Short Form Victimization between 2012–2016. A 2 × 2 ANOVA revealed that current-partner SVE was associated with lower SSCP (F (1, 410) = 7.38, p =.007, partial n2 =.018), but other-perpetrator SVE was not. SVE may predict lower SSCP when victimized by that partner, as that partner may be associated with the negative victimization experience. Although preliminary, findings highlight the importance of considering how partner-related health factors (e.g. SSCP) may be differentially associated with SVE based on whether or not the victim's current partner was the perpetrator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The output of Solar Panels is directly dependent on the intensity of direct Sunlight that is incident on the panels. But this efficiency reduces due to shadow effects for rooftop-mounted panels. These shadows can come from other solar panels, nearby buildings, or high-rise structures. It is possible to optimize Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) controllers, which draw the most power possible from PV modules by forcing them to function at the most efficient voltage to increase the output of solar panels even while they are in the shade. Thus, the MPPT analyses the output of the PV module, compares it to the voltage of the battery, and determines the best power the PV module can provide to charge the battery. It then converts that power to the optimum voltage to allow the battery to receive the maximum level of currents. Additionally, it can power a DC load linked directly to the battery. Existing shadow detection and MPPT control models are highly complex, which increases their computational requirements, thereby reducing the operating efficiency of the solar panels. This text discusses a novel Saliency Map-based low-complexity shadow detection model for Solar panels to overcome this issue. The proposed model initially extracts saliency maps from connected Solar panel configurations and evaluates the background for the presence of shadows. Based on the intensity shadows, the model tunes MPPT parameters for optimal voltage & current outputs. Due to this, the model can maximize Solar panel output by over 8.5%, even under shadows, making it useful for various real-time use cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this report, natural dyes extracted from three different, black-colored fruits were used as photosensitizers for the construction of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The natural dyes were extracted from the dark-colored peels of jamun (also known as Indian black plum), black plum, and blackberry fruit. These natural dyes contain polyphenolic compounds—most prominently anthocyanins—which interact strongly with titanium dioxide (TiO2) semiconductors and accordingly enhance the efficiency of DSSCs. The natural dyes extracted from the various fruits were characterized utilizing UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The interaction between the dyes and TiO2 was monitored with FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. The fabricated DSSCs were characterized via current–voltage measurements and electrochemical impedance analysis. DSSCs fabricated with jamun produced the highest efficiency of 1.09% with a short-circuit current of 7.84 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage of 0.45 V, and a fill factor of 0.31. The efficiencies of the DSSCs from black plum and blackberry were 0.55% and 0.38%, respectively. The flow of charge occurring at the interfaces between the natural dye and the TiO2 layers were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to directly compare three distinct types of black DSSCs. Computation analysis was also carried out utilizing SCAPS-1D software (version 3.3.07), which revealed how the type of defects in the devices impacts their performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A model for controlling the electrolytic phosphating process was established based on related theories. A general empirical formula for calculating the process condition i.e. electrical current for electrolytic phosphating during steel wire manufacturing with an independent power supply for single wire was derived and verified according to the actual production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the consumption of terrestrial metal resources, deep-sea polymetallic nodule minerals have been widely exploited around the world. Therefore, the environmental impact of deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining cannot be ignored. In this study, for the first time, a field disturbance and observation device, integrated with multiple sensors, is used to simulate the disturbance process of mining on seabed sediments in the polymetallic nodule area of the western Pacific Ocean at a depth of 5700 m. The impact of the process of stroking and lifting on the bottom sediment in the polymetallic nodule area is 30 times higher than that caused by the waves or the current. The time for turbidity to return to normal after the increase is about 30 min, and the influence distance of a disturbance to the bottom bed on turbidity is about 126 m. The time it takes for density to return to normal is about four hours, and the influence is about 1000 m. At the same time, the resuspension of the bottom sediment leads to an increase in density anomaly and salinity. Moreover, suspended sediments rich in metal ions may react with dissolved oxygen in water, resulting in a decrease in the dissolved oxygen content and an increase in ORP. During the observation period, the phenomenon of a deep-sea reciprocating current is found, which may cause the suspended sediment generated by the continuous operation of the mining vehicle to produce suspended sediment clouds in the water near the bottom of the mining area. This could lead to the continuous increase in nutrients in the water near the bottom of the mining area and the continuous reduction in dissolved oxygen, which will have a significant impact on the local ecological environment. Therefore, the way mining vehicles dig and wash in water bodies could have a marked impact on the marine environment. We suggest adopting the technology of suction and ore separation on mining ships, as well as bringing the separated sediment back to the land for comprehensive utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eel fish (Anguilla bicolor) is a catadromous fish, the migration of eels from rivers (fresh water) to sea water can be disrupted if there are transverse structures such as dams. This is because the speed of water currents across buildings is higher, whereas eel fish are not active swimmers, so a fishway is needed to facilitate the eel fish migration process. Fishway construction requires several information such as swimming patterns, speed and swimming endurance. This research aims to describe the swimming patterns of elver stage eels, measure the swimming speed and swimming endurance of elver stage eels in different current conditions. Next, formulate the swimming performance of elver stage eels related to the need to design an appropriate fishway. This research was conducted at the Fish Behavior Laboratory, PSP-FPIK Department, IPB. The results of the research show that the swimming pattern of the elver stage eel is the Anguilliform type, the sustained speed of the eel fish is ≤ 0.91 TL/second, the prolonged speed of the eel fish is 1.57-1.82 TL/second, and the burst swimming speed the speed of eel fish is ≤2.7 TL/second. Based on this data, the fishway design that suits the prolonged swimming speed of eel fish is the fish lock type which can be made with a slope of 20º accompanied by water discharge range 59 ml/secand speed current 30 cm/sec. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data from QuikSCAT, ERA5, WAVERYS, drifters, and HYCOM + NCODA Reanalysis in the northern Pacific are analyzed under tropical cyclones (TCs) and extratropical cyclones (ECs). The EC (TC) has the stable (unstable) wind directions and wider (narrower) fetch resulting in a larger (smaller) significant wave height (Hs). For modest and weak wind speeds (W ≤ 26 m s−1), the current speed (U) is higher in low latitudes than in mid-latitudes since the oceanic mixed-layer thickness (ℎ) is not large enough. For strong wind speed (W > 26 m s−1), ℎ deepens more in low latitudes and causes lower U. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimizing input parameters not only improves production efficiency and processing quality but also plays a crucial role in the development of green manufacturing engineering practices. The aim of the present study is to conduct a comparative evaluation of the cutting performance and machinability process during the turning of AISI 4340 steel under different cooling conditions. The study analyzes cutting operations during turning using dry, minimum quantity lubrication, and nano- minimum quantity lubrication. As control parameters in the experiments, three different cooling types, cutting speeds (100, 150, 200 m/min), and feed rate (0.1, 0.15, 0.20 mm/rev) levels were applied. The experimental results show that the optimal output values are found to be Vb = 0.15 mm, Ra = 0.81µm, 88.1 dB for sound intensity and I = 4.18 A for current. Moreover, variance analysis was performed to determine the effects of input parameters on response values. Under dry, minimum quantity lubrication, and nano-minimum quantity lubrication processing conditions, parameters affecting tool wear, surface roughness, current by the motor shaft, and sound level were examined in detail, along with the chip morphology. The responses obtained were optimized according to the Taguchi S/N method. As a result of optimization, it was concluded that the optimum values for cutting conditions were nano-minimum quantity lubrication cooling and V = 100 m/min, f = 0.1 mm/rev cutting. Finally, it was observed that there was a 13% improvement in tool wear, 7% in current, 9% in surface roughness, and 8% in sound intensity compared to the standard conditions. In conclusion, it was determined that nano-minimum quantity lubrication with the lowest level of cutting and feed rate values provided the optimum results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider an exclusion process on a periodic one-dimensional lattice where all particles perform simple symmetric exclusion at rate 1 except for a single tracer particle, which performs partially simple asymmetric exclusion with rate p to the right and rate q to the left. This model was first considered by Ferrari, Goldstein and Lebowitz (1985) as a test for the validity of the Einstein relation in microscopic systems. The main thrust of this work is an exact solution for the steady state of this exclusion process. We show that the stationary probabilities factorize and give an exact formula for the nonequilibrium partition function. We provide formulas for the current and two-point correlations. When the tracer particle performs totally asymmetric exclusion (q = 0), the results are shown to simplify significantly and we find an unexpected connection with the combinatorics of set partitions. Finally, we study the system from the point of view of the tracer particle, the so-called environment process. In the environment process, we show that the density of particles decays with the scaled position in front of the tracer particle in the thermodynamic limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, polycrystalline films of layered zinc phosphate hydrate are produced by a facile, low‐temperature single‐step hydrothermal fabrication method on top of Cu metal substrates. Despite containing structural water, the as‐grown films remain crystalline, chemically stable, and electrically conductive. The photoluminescence spectrum obtained at room‐temperature reveals the presence of a spectrally narrow, high‐intensity ultraviolet band that consists of two Gaussian peaks at ≈377 and 383 nm and a UV‐to‐visible peak emission intensity ratio of ≈5.3. The electrical charge‐transport properties remain Ohmic for electric fields of up to ≈2 kV m−1 and temperature (T) range of ≈223–368 K. The electrical conductivity is further found to vary exponentially with the inverse temperature, and the thermal activation energy, Ea is 285 ± 8 meV. A moderate UV‐vis photoconduction effect is registered and assigned to light‐assisted electronic transitions that involve near‐band edge defect states. This study can potentially open a door to the engineering and deployment of water‐based compounds with advanced, semiconducting‐like attributes in short‐wavelength opto‐electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gorgonians are a diverse and conspicuous component of coral reef ecosystems, providing habitat structure that supports unique assemblages of fishes and invertebrates. Evaluating their overall importance as ecological engineers requires an understanding of their spatial patterns of distribution, abundance and assemblage composition, and the biophysical factors that drive these patterns. No baseline data are available on the spatial patterns of distribution of gorgonians for the Great Barrier Reef. In this study, we quantified the abundance, genera richness, and composition of gorgonian assemblages using video surveys at three depths (5, 10, and 15 m) at 16 locations at the Palm Islands, an inshore island group in the central Great Barrier Reef. We compared gorgonian abundance and genera richness between depths and assessed the role of benthic habitat in structuring gorgonian communities. We also conducted a preliminary investigation of the potential role of water currents in driving gorgonian spatial patterns in the Palm Islands, using in situ current meters. Gorgonian abundance and genera richness consistently increased with depth, although the magnitude of the depth effect varied among locations. Abundance increased with increasing percent cover of rubble and conversely declined with increasing cover of hard corals. The composition of gorgonian assemblages also varied among depths, with whip (Junceella, Viminella) and fan (Acanthogorgia, Anthogorgia, Annella) growth forms being dominant at depths of 5 and 10 m, and branching (Dichotella, Icilogorgia) and candelabrum (Ctenocella) forms being dominant at 15 m. The shallow gorgonian assemblage was associated with high coral cover, whilst the deeper assemblage was associated with high per cent cover of rubble, turf and/or macroalgae. This study highlighted that the abundance, diversity, and composition of gorgonian assemblages on coral reefs in the Palm Islands are determined by a range of biophysical factors linked to depth. Further work is required to isolate the primary drivers of these depth-related effects and evaluate their relative importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oceanographic monitoring was conducted in the southern basin of the Caspian Sea to evaluate the physical structure of seawater and sea currents. This monitoring aimed to gather data and analyze the characteristics of the seawater, including temperature, salinity, density, and other relevant parameters. Additionally, the monitoring also focused on studying the patterns and dynamics of sea currents in the region. The collected data and analysis from this monitoring period provided valuable insights into the oceanographic conditions of the southern basin of the Caspian Sea. During storm events, a high level of correlation between the current and wind data was observed in the southern basin of the Caspian Sea during the 2017-2018 monitoring period. The measured current data indicated that the predominant directions were north (N) and northwest (NW). It was observed that strong gusts predominantly originated from the north (N) and northwest (NW) directions. Additionally, a smaller portion of the strong gusts was observed to come from the South-Southeast (S-SE) direction. These findings indicate that the prevailing wind patterns during the monitoring period were primarily from the north and northwest, with a lesser contribution from the South-Southeast direction. The current profiles observed during the monitoring period in the southern basin of the Caspian Sea were primarily influenced by the general circulation pattern of the region. This circulation pattern played a significant role in shaping the current profiles observed during the measurements. In terms of the surface current speed, the maximum recorded value was approximately 200 cm/s, which occurred in January. This indicates that there were instances of relatively high-speed currents in the southern basin of the Caspian Sea during that time. The evaluation of inter-annual variability in vertical structure and seawater temperature profiles during the monitoring period confirmed the presence of seasonal stratification in the water column of the southern basin of the Caspian Sea. This stratification was observed to consist of different layers, including the surface mixed layer, thermocline, and deep-water layers. The formation of these layers is indicative of the seasonal variations in temperature and density within the water column. The vertical changes in the water’s physical parameters during the monitoring period revealed the formation of stratification in the southern basin of the Caspian Sea. In March, it was observed that the water temperature decreased from 11.5°C at the surface to 8.5°C at a depth of 100 m, indicating the presence of a temperature gradient. As the monitoring progressed into May, the stratification became stronger, with the surface water temperature reaching around 23°C. By August, the surface layer of the sea water experienced a significant increase in temperature, reaching 29°C. These observations highlight the development of stratification and the seasonal variations in water temperature during the monitoring period in spring and summer seasons. The water temperature beneath the thermocline layer, specifically at a depth of 100 meters, was recorded to be around 8-8.5 oC. Additionally, the water salinity in the water column exhibited fluctuations between 12-12.5 (psu). Monitoring and understanding physical properties variations are crucial for assessing the oceanographic conditions and their potential impact on marine ecosystems in the southern basin of the Caspian Sea.