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We develop a universal econometric formulation of empirical power laws possibly driven by parameter heterogeneity. Our approach extends classical extreme value theory to specifying the tail behavior of the empirical distribution of a general dataset with possibly heterogeneous marginal distributions. We discuss several model examples that satisfy our conditions and demonstrate in simulations how heterogeneity may generate empirical power laws. We observe a cross-sectional power law for the U.S. stock losses and show that this tail behavior is largely driven by the heterogeneous volatilities of the individual assets.

Funder: Medical Research Council, Funder: Wellcome Trust, This paper uses a robust method of spatial epidemiological analysis to assess the spatial growth rate of multiple lineages of SARS-CoV-2 in the local authority areas of England, September 2020-December 2021. Using the genomic surveillance records of the COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, the analysis identifies a substantial (7.6-fold) difference in the average rate of spatial growth of 37 sample lineages, from the slowest (Delta AY.4.3) to the fastest (Omicron BA.1). Spatial growth of the Omicron (B.1.1.529 and BA) variant was found to be 2.81× faster than the Delta (B.1.617.2 and AY) variant and 3.76× faster than the Alpha (B.1.1.7 and Q) variant. In addition to AY.4.2 (a designated variant under investigation, VUI-21OCT-01), three Delta sublineages (AY.43, AY.98 and AY.120) were found to display a statistically faster rate of spatial growth than the parent lineage and would seem to merit further investigation. We suggest that the monitoring of spatial growth rates is a potentially valuable adjunct to outbreak response procedures for emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in a defined population.

Background There has been a renewed interest in using the plastic intubation bougie to facilitate first-attempt endotracheal intubation success. The sterile single-use telescopic steel bougie (AIROD) was invented to overcome the limitations of the plastic bougie which is easily deformed during storage. Methods This is a retrospective study involving critically ill patients who were intubated with the AIROD in the intensive care unit at a single institution. The purpose of this case series is to compare the success rate of the AIROD to the generally accepted success rate for the traditional plastic bougie of 96%. Results A total of 54 patients were enrolled at a single ICU over a 10 months period. All patients were critically ill with 76% having a difficult airway, Cormack-Lehane grade view 2 or greater in 60%, and ARDS secondary to COVID-19 in 54%. The primary outcome of first-attempt intubation success in critically ill patients intubated in the ICU with the AIROD was 97% with a 95% confidence interval of 0.89 to 0.99. The average time for intubation of all airway classifications was 15 seconds. Conclusion The AIROD first-attempt intubation success rate was found to be similar to the rate for the traditional plastic bougie.

We present a case of a middle age Hispanic patient with COVID-19 reinfection. We conducted a systematic review of the literature of reinfection cases and found that women represent the majority of the cases and that reinfection usually presents with more severe disease, particularly among healthcare workers.

COVID-19 has significant impacts on young smokers in their smoking behaviors. This qualitative study summarises the lived experience of young smokers during COVID-19. Moreover, through their lived experience, we aim to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic influence tobacco use behaviours in this population. A purposive sampling of 48 smokers aged between 17–25 years old is individually interviewed for 30 to 45 min. All interviews are transcribed in verbatim and analysed by two researchers separately using Colaizzi’s method of descriptive phenomenology. The results reveal the following six important themes, which could explain the mixed pattern of smoking behaviour changes in young smokers: (1) perceptions of COVID-19 and its association with smoking, (2) more time at home, (3) taking masks off to smoke, (4) the effects of COVID-19 on smokers’ financial status and academic performance, (5) reduced social gatherings, and (6) restricted access to tobacco products. To conclude, this pandemic and the anti-pandemic measures, i.e., mask mandates, stay-at-home and work-from-home orders, and class suspension, result in both new obstacles and new advantages for smoking cessation among young people. More studies should be performed to monitor any transition of tobacco products and the trajectory of use in this population during this pandemic, thus informing public health policy making.

Sociālais darbs Sociālā labklājība Social work Social Welfare ANOTĀCIJA Bakalaura darba tēma ir “Informācijas un komunikāciju tehnoloģijas lietošanas paradumi covid-19 pandēmijas laikā.” Mūsdienu cilvēkam dažāda veida tehnoloģijas un to izmantošana ikdienas dzīvē visdažādāko mērķu sasniegšanai un komforta nodrošināšanai ir neatņemama ikdienas sastāvdaļa. Šobrīd neizsekojami strauji attīstās dažādas Informācijas un komunikācijas tehnoloģijas, tādēļ, to lietošanas paradumi ir ļoti nozīmīgs rādītājs, kuru analizējot, ir iespējams, raksturot 21.gadsimta cilvēku – viņa vērtības, vajadzības, vēlmes, intereses un daudz citu personību raksturojošu īpašību. 2019.gada beigās Ķīnā, parādoties jaunam vīrusam, tas relatīvi īsā laika posmā izplatījās pa visu pasauli mokot un nonāvējot daudz cilvēku, kā rezultātā, katrai valstij bija jāuzņemas atbildība par savu iedzīvotāju veselību un dzīvību pieņemot straujos, brīžiem nepārdomātus lēmumus, kuru rezultātā tika ieviesti dažādi ierobežojumi, kuru galvenais uzdevums bija līdz iespēju robežām samazināt cilvēku socializēšanos, nosakot fiziskas distancēšanās prasības un liedzot cilvēkiem tikties ārpus savas mājsaimniecības, jo tikai tādā veidā var ierobežot vīrusa izplatību, lai uzlabotu epidemioloģisko situāciju pasaulē un Latvijā. Diemžēl tas tikai pastiprināja un veidoja labvēlīgāku vidi, lai informācijas un komunikāciju tehnoloģijas lietošanas paradumi mainītos un kļūtu vēl aktuālāki un skartu visu sabiedrību. Darbā tiek aprakstīts jauniešu vecumposms un tā galvenās vajadzības. Darbā atainota informācijas un komunikāciju tehnoloģiju straujā attīstība un to galveni izmantošanas mērķi. Apskatīts kādi bija informācijas un komunikācijas tehnoloģiju lietošanas paradumi pirms pandēmijas, cik laika jaunieši pavadīja pie ierīcēm un ar kādu mērķi tās tika lietotas Pievērsta uzmanība atkarības jautājumam, kādu faktoru ietekmē tā veidojas, kāda ir šī brīža izpratne par atkarību no informāciju un komunikāciju tehnoloģijām un kā tā izpaužas. Paradumu maiņas skatītas arī caur sociālā darba praksi, kā tas varētu ietekmēt sociālo darbu ar jauniešiem. Darba pētnieciskā daļā veikta anketēšana, kuras mērķis bija noskaidrot kādi ir IKT lietošanas paradumi Covid-19 pandēmijas laikā, kā arī intervēti dažādi speciālisti, kuri ikdienā strādā ar jauniešiem. Pētījumā iegūtie dati liecina, ka Covid-19 pandēmijas laikā ļoti krasi ir audzis pavadītais laiks izmantojot tehnoloģijas un spēļu spēlēšana, kas signalizē par nepieciešamību aktīvi iesaistīties darbā ar jaunatni, lai tiktu līdzsvarota virtuālā un reālā dzīve. ABSTRACT Theme of this papper is “Information and communication technology using habits in Covid-19 pandemic time” Nowadays people cannot imagine a day without using some kind of technology for comfort and numerous different purposes. At this time ICT develops untraceably fast and that is the reason why the habits of using them are an important indicator, because those habits can define interests of people in 21. century - needs, values and much more parameters which can describe personality. At the end of 2019 the new deadly Corona virus spread around the world in a relatively short period of time, taking lives and making people really sick, without any medication offering a cure. As a result, each country had to take responsibility for its own citizens’ health and lives by making rapid, sometimes ill-considered decisions and changes. Various restrictions were implemented, where the main task was to limit all kind of socialization between people outside their household, as this was the only way to limit the spread of the virus and improve the epidemiological situation in the world and in our case - in Latvia. Unfortunately, the situation only got more complicated and created a more conducive environment for changing the habits of using information and communication technologies, and ICT becoming even more relevant and affecting all the society. The paper reflects the characteristics of adolescents and their main needs. It shows the rapid development of information and communication technologies and the main purposes of the use of them, also the use of information and communication technologies before the pandemic, how much time young people were spending on the devices and for what purposes ICT were used. Attention is paid to the question of addiction: what factors influence it, what is the current understanding of addiction to ICT and how it manifests itself. The habit changes have also been looked through social work prism and it is considered how they could affect social work practise with young people. In the research part there was questionnaires for adolescents and interviews for specialists who are working with youth to understand if and how the habits have changed during Covid-19 pandemic. The results show that the main thing which has changed is screen time, wich has grown rapidly the same way as gaming.

Some psychosomatic diseases, like Tako‐tsubo cardiomyopathy, may occur because of exposure to a stressful event like COVID‐19. The simultaneous development of psychosis and Tako‐tsubo cardiomyopathy suggests a field of vulnerability. Specific measures need to be taken to help vulnerable people to manage these stressful events., Some psychosomatic diseases, like Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, may occur because of exposure to a stressful event like COVID‐19. The simultaneous development of psychosis and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy suggests a field of vulnerability. Specific measures need to be taken to help vulnerable people to manage these stressful events.

Background: Sudden changes in clinical practice and the altered ability to care for patients due to the COVID-19 pandemic have been associated with moral distress and mental health concerns in healthcare workers internationally. This study aimed to investigate the severity, prevalence, and predictors of moral distress experienced by Australian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A nationwide, voluntary, anonymous, single time-point, online survey of self-identified frontline healthcare workers was conducted between 27th August and 23rd October 2020. Participants were recruited through health organisations, professional associations, or colleges, universities, government contacts, and national media. Results: 7846 complete responses were received from nurses (39.4%), doctors (31.1%), allied health staff (16.7%), or other roles (6.7%). Many participants reported moral distress related to resource scarcity (58.3%), wearing PPE (31.7%) limiting their ability to care for patients, exclusion of family going against their values (60.2%), and fear of letting co-workers down if they were infected (55.0%). Many personal and workplace predictors of moral distress were identified, with those working in certain frontline areas, metropolitan locations, and with prior mental health diagnoses at particular risk of distress. Moral distress was associated with increased risk of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and burnout. Conversely, feeling appreciated by the community protected against these risks in healthcare workers. Conclusions: Safeguarding healthcare workforces during crises is important for both patient safety and workforce longevity. Targeted interventions are required to prevent or minimise moral distress and associated mental health concerns in healthcare workers during COVID-19 and other crises.

Background: To maintain control of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic as lockdowns are lifted, it will be crucial to enhance alternative public health measures. For surveillance, it will be necessary to detect a high proportion of any new cases quickly so that they can be isolated, and people who have been exposed to them traced and quarantined. Here we introduce a mathematical approach that can be used to determine how many samples need to be collected per unit area and unit time to detect new clusters of COVID-19 cases at a stage early enough to control an outbreak. Methods: We present a sample size determination method that uses a relative weighted approach. Given the contribution of COVID-19 test results from sub-populations to detect the disease at a threshold prevalence level to control the outbreak to 1) determine if the expected number of weekly samples provided from current healthcare-based surveillance for respiratory virus infections may provide a sample size that is already adequate to detect new clusters of COVID-19 and, if not, 2) to determine how many additional weekly samples were needed from volunteer sampling. Results: In a demonstration of our method at the weekly and Canadian provincial and territorial (P/T) levels, we found that only the more populous P/T have sufficient testing numbers from healthcare visits for respiratory illness to detect COVID-19 at our target prevalence level—assumed to be high enough to identify and control new clusters. Furthermore, detection of COVID-19 is most efficient (fewer samples required) when surveillance focuses on healthcare symptomatic testing demand. In the volunteer populations: the higher the contact rates; the higher the expected prevalence level; and the fewer the samples were needed to detect COVID-19 at a predetermined threshold level. Conclusion: This study introduces a targeted surveillance strategy, combining both passive and active surveillance samples, to determine how many samples to collect per unit area and unit time to detect new clusters of COVID-19 cases. The goal of this strategy is to allow for early enough detection to control an outbreak.

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants concerning for enhanced transmission, evasion of immune responses, or associated with severe disease have motivated the global increase in genomic surveillance. In the current study, large-scale whole-genome sequencing was performed between November 2020 and the end of March 2021 to provide a phylodynamic analysis of circulating variants over time. In addition, we compared the viral genomic features of March 2020 and March 2021. Methods A total of 1600 complete SARS-CoV-2 genomes were analyzed. Genomic analysis was associated with laboratory diagnostic volumes and positivity rates, in addition to an analysis of the association of selected variants of concern/variants of interest with disease severity and outcomes. Our real-time surveillance features a cohort of specimens from patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after completion of vaccination. Results Our data showed genomic diversity over time that was not limited to the spike sequence. A significant increase in the B.1.1.7 lineage (alpha variant) in March 2021 as well as a transient circulation of regional variants that carried both the concerning S: E484K and S: P681H substitutions were noted. Lineage B.1.243 was significantly associated with intensive care unit admission and mortality. Genomes recovered from fully vaccinated individuals represented the predominant lineages circulating at specimen collection time, and people with those infections recovered with no hospitalizations. Conclusions Our results emphasize the importance of genomic surveillance coupled with laboratory, clinical, and metadata analysis for a better understanding of the dynamics of viral spread and evolution., Genomic surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the US National Capital Region showed transient circulation of regional variants, emergence and predominance of lineage B.1.1.7, genomic diversity that is not limited to the spike sequence, and an association of lineage B.1.243 with severe disease.

COVID-19 has spread around the world, causing a global pandemic, and to date is impacting in various ways in both developed and developing countries. We know that the spread of this virus is through people’s behavior despite the perceived risks. Risk perception plays an important role in decision-making to prevent infection. Using data from the online survey of participants in Peru and China (N = 1594), data were collected between 8 July 31 and August 2020. We found that levels of risk perception are relatively moderate, but higher in Peru compared to China. In both countries, anxiety, threat perception, self-confidence, and sex were found to be significant predictors of risk perception, however, trust in the information received by government and experts was significant only in Peru, whereas self-confidence had a significant negative effect only for China. Risk communication should be implemented through information programs aimed at reducing anxiety and improving self-confidence, taking into consideration gender differences. In addition, the information generated by the government should be based on empirical sources. Finally, the implications for effective risk communication and its impacts on the health field are discussed.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to the urgent need for accelerated vaccine development. Approved vaccines have proved to be safe and well tolerated across millions of people in the general population. Dravet syndrome (DS) is a severe, early onset, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Vaccination is a precipitating factor for seizures. While there is no evidence that vaccine-precipitated seizures lead to adverse outcomes in people with DS, fear surrounding vaccination can remain for caregivers of people with DS, in some cases resulting in rejection of recommended vaccinations, leaving individuals more vulnerable to the relevant infections. A greater understanding of the safety profile of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in this vulnerable group will help provide guidance for caregivers and clinicians when considering vaccination. Methods A cross‐sectional survey regarding COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, in people with DS, was conducted by Dravet Syndrome UK (DSUK). Concomitantly, a review of individuals with DS who had recently received the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, and who are resident at the Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (CCE), or attend epilepsy clinics at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (NHNN), was undertaken. Results Thirty-eight people completed the DSUK survey. Thirty-seven percent of caregivers reported being concerned about someone with DS receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine; with some reporting that they would decline a vaccine when offered. Seventy-seven percent had not received any advice from a healthcare professional about the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. 18/38 were eligible for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, of whom nine had received their first vaccine dose. Combining the results of the DSUK survey and the review of individuals monitored at CCE or NHNN, fifteen people with DS had received their first dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. 11/15 (73%) reported at least one side effect, the most common being fatigue (6/15; 40%) and fever (6/15; 40%). Three individuals (20%) reported an increase in seizure frequency after the first vaccine dose. No increase in seizure frequency or duration was reported after the second dose. Conclusion Overall, these results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are safe and well tolerated in individuals with DS, as they are in most people without DS. In most people with DS, SARS-CoV-2 vaccine does not appear to be associated with an increase in the frequency or duration of seizures, even in those who develop fever post-vaccination. Many caregivers are concerned about a person with DS receiving a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, with some reporting that they would decline a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine when offered. It is crucial that healthcare professionals are proactive in providing accurate information regarding the risks and benefits of vaccination in this population, given the potential for serious outcomes from infection.

BACKGROUND: In the daily lives of people, the level of anxiety plays a significant role. This applies to students, who experience anxiety when taking examinations referred to as examination anxiety. Majority of the current educational institutions have shifted from a traditional evaluation system to one that is computerized. The present study aim is to identify the computerized examination anxiety (CEA) among college students in the Faculty of Health and to compare the differences among them based on study system and gender. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research is a descriptive quantitative design. The research population consists of 138 health college students. CEA scale was used to identify the level of examination anxiety among students. Data were then exposed to analysis, namely the descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, and Chi-square tests, to obtain the answers to the research questions at the level of

Coronavirus is a pandemic that has become a concern for the whole world. This disease has stepped out to its greatest extent and is expanding day by day. Coronavirus, termed as a worldwide disease, has caused more than 8 lakh deaths worldwide. The foremost cause of the spread of coronavirus is SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, which are part of the coronavirus family. Thus, predicting the patients suffering from such pandemic diseases would help to formulate the difference in inaccurate and infeasible time duration. This paper mainly focuses on the prediction of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 using the B-cells dataset. The paper also proposes different ensemble learning strategies that came out to be beneficial while making predictions. The predictions are made using various machine learning models. The numerous machine learning models, such as SVM, Naïve Bayes, K-nearest neighbors, AdaBoost, Gradient boosting, XGBoost, Random forest, ensembles, and neural networks are used in predicting and analyzing the dataset. The most accurate result was obtained using the proposed algorithm with 0.919 AUC score and 87.248% validation accuracy for predicting SARS-CoV and 0.923 AUC and 87.7934% validation accuracy for predicting SARS-CoV-2 virus.

A ubiquitous component of cell membrane, phosphatidylserine (PS), is likely to play a major, but as yet unrecognized, role in the thromboinflammation of COVID-19 and other critical illnesses. PS is present in all plasma membranes but is “hidden” on the inner surface by the action of an ATP-requiring enzyme. Failure of PS to be sequestered on the inner surface of cell membranes, release of PS-containing microparticles from cells, or shedding of enveloped viruses allows it to interact with extracellular proteins, including those of the coagulation and complement systems. Detection and quantification of circulating PS is not standardized, and current methodologies have either focused on circulating cellular elements or subcellular plasma components, but not both. PS may also promote thromboinflammation without circulating if expressed on the surface of endothelial cells, a condition that might only be documented if novel imaging techniques are developed. Research into the role of PS in inflammation and coagulation, called here a “procoagulant phospholipidopathy” may provide novel insights and therapeutic approaches for patients with a variety of illnesses., Coagulation; Thrombosis; Phosphatidylserine; Thromboinflammation; COVD-19.

Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social communication and social interaction, repetitive and stereotyped behaviors, and/or sensory aberrations. On the other hand, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by the presence of obsessions and/or compulsions. In consideration of these distinct pathologies, research suggests that anxiety disorders and OCD are highly prevalent in individuals with ASD. This case report will discuss an adolescent patient with ASD and OCD who experiences an exacerbation, most notably, in his symptoms of OCD. We outline the hospital course of a 13 year-old male who ultimately requires nasogastric (NG) tube feeding resulting from an acute worsening in symptoms and refusal of oral intake during the COVID-19 pandemic. The patient demonstrated significant improvement in symptoms following the administration of high-dose selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and low-dose antipsychotic therapy.

As one of the least developed countries of South Asia, Bangladesh continues experiencing a surge in the number of patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), while struggling with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The number of infected patients and deaths due to COVID-19 had risen rapidly since the beginning of July 2021 and broken all the previous records. The total number of dengue cases was also the highest in July. Now, the country is facing an unprecedented challenge of tackling a co-epidemic. Impoverished health infrastructure, ineffective intervention schemes against the disease and lack of awareness has made the country vulnerable to a risk of co-epidemic. Therefore, government and local authorities should take immediate actions, including capacity-building programs for both COVID-19 and dengue, while community engagement campaigns focusing on the destruction of breeding sources of Aedes mosquitoes can play a key role in reducing the effect of dengue at an early stage.

The novel SARS-CoV-2 pandemic starting in 2019 profoundly changed the world, and thousands of residents of New York City were affected, leading to one of the most acute surges in regional hospital capacity. As the largest academic medical center in the Bronx, Montefiore Medical Center was immediately impacted, and the entire hospital was mobilized to address the needs of its community. In this article, we describe our experiences as a large academic anesthesiology department during this pandemic. Our goals were to maximize our staff's expertise, maintain our commitment to wellness and safety, and preserve the quality of patient care. Lessons learned include the importance of critical care training presence and leadership, the challenges of converting an ambulatory surgery center to an intensive care unit (ICU), and the management of effective communication. Lastly, we provide suggestions for institutions facing an acute surge, or subsequent waves of COVID-19, based on a single center's experiences.

With the COVID pandemic, the delivery of rehabilitation services has been greatly affected across lifespan, especially towards children with disabilities. The significant physical and mental health stressors of prolonged home confinement coupled with discontinuation of rehabilitation services can lead to several long-term concerns among children with disabilities. In light of the current events, our approach towards rehabilitation needs to be re-evaluated and revamped. The point of view highlights the potential ways in which we could continue to provide physical therapy services for children with disabilities. Use of family-centered and home-based models of care can be considered to reach out to children with disabilities using telerehabilitation and digital physical therapy by adopting a modified framework of care. The implications of the point of view may help aid clinician’s world-over to continue providing rehabilitation services to children with disabilities.

Preliminary evidence suggests that the experience of the novel coronavirus is not shared equally across geographic areas. Findings in the United States suggest that the burden of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality may be hardest felt in disadvantaged and racially segregated places. Deprived neighborhoods are disproportionately populated by people of color, the same populations that are becoming sicker and dying more often from COVID-19. This commentary examines how structurally vulnerable neighborhoods contribute to racial/ethnic inequities in SARS-COV-2 exposure and COVID-19 morbidity and mortality and considers opportunities to intervene through place-based initiatives and the implementation of a Health in All Policies strategy.

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A 58 year old woman was admitted with symptoms of COVID-19. She subsequently developed mixed shock and echocardiogram showed mid-distal left ventricular hypokinesis and apical ballooning, findings typical for stress, or Takotsubo, cardiomyopathy. Over the next few days her left ventricular function improved, further supporting reversibility of acute stress cardiomyopathy.

Introduction The global pandemic due to SARS‐CoV‐2 has resulted in an expansion of telemedicine. Measures of quality and barriers for rapid use by patients and physicians are not well described. Objective To describe results from a quality improvement initiative during rapid adoptive phase of telemedicine during the pandemic. Design Patient and physician satisfaction with synchronous audiovisual telemedicine visits was measured during early adoptive phase (April 6‐17, 2020) within the division of sports medicine in an academic Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) department. Patients were invited to participate in a quality improvement initiative by completing an online survey at the end of a telemedicine visit. Physicians completed a separate survey. Primary Outcome Measures Patient measures included visit type, duration of encounter, quality, and satisfaction. Physicians reported on experiences performing telemedicine. Results Surveys were completed by 119 patients (289 telemedicine encounters, response rate 41%) and 13 physiatrists. Telemedicine was utilized primarily for follow‐up visits (n=74, 70.6%) and most common duration was 15‐29 minutes. Patients rated their telemedicine visit as “excellent” or “very good” across measures (91.6‐95.0%) including addressing concerns, communication, developing a treatment plan, convenience, and satisfaction. Value of completing a future telemedicine visit was measured at 84.9%. Most reported estimated travel time saved in excess of 30 minutes. Rate of no‐show was 2.8%. Most physicians (62%) had no prior experience with telemedicine visits, and most were comfortable performing these visits after completing 1‐4 sessions (69%). Nearly all physicians (92%) rated their telemedicine experience as very good or excellent. The key barrier identified for telemedicine was technical issues. All physicians reported plans to perform telemedicine visits if reimbursement continues. Conclusions In summary, rapid expansion of telemedicine during COVID‐19 pandemic was well‐received by a majority of patients and physicians. This suggests feasibility in rapid expansion of telemedicine for other outpatient sports medicine practices. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about many changes that potentially altered the home food environment, which has been associated with child health outcomes, such as dietary intake and weight status. There is also some evidence that changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with health behaviors in children, such as an increased intake of high-calorie snack food. The current study aimed to more deeply understand how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the home food environment of meal and snack time routines and patterns within families of young children. Data for this study are taken from the Kids EAT! Study, a racially/ethnically diverse cohort of families with 2-5 year old children. Qualitative interviews were conducted by phone and video conference with mothers (n = 25) during August/September 2020 and were coded using a hybrid deductive/inductive analysis approach. This allowed coders to identify themes using the interview questions as an organizational template (deductive) while also allowing unique themes to emerge from the qualitative data (inductive). Four overarching themes emerged with multiple sub-themes: 1) Mothers were more directive in the types of food and amounts of food eaten by children; 2) Mothers had less rules around mealtimes; 3) Mothers had increased meal responsibilities; 4) Changes to child snacking. When faced with a change in a structured schedule and increased stress-such as occurred with the COVID-19 pandemic, parents may benefit from advice on how to manage parent feeding practices, including tips on appropriate limit setting, establishing a schedule and routines, and improving accessibility of healthful snacks. Lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic may have relevance to other time periods when families face disruptions to routine and during other times of transition.

a ricerca promossa dell'Ordine TSRM e PSTRP di Napoli in sinergia con la rivista scientifica Journal of Advanced Health Care, alla cui realizzazione la Federazione nazionale ha contribuito promuovendo il questionario tra i suoi iscritti, ha avuto il merito di porre precocemente l'attenzione sulla multi-dimensionalità dell'impatto che sin dalla primavera del 2020 la pandemia ha avuto sui professionisti sanitari. Fenomeni di questa portata hanno certamente bisogno di essere indagati lungo direttrici verticali, in grado di comprendere in profondità ogni loro singolo aspetto, ma risultano parimenti utili indagini lungo direttrici orizzontali, in grado di comprendere le relazioni esistenti tra i molteplici aspetti che determinano la complessità di siffatte situazioni: sanitari, organizzativi, strumentali, formativi, relazionali, emotivi, psicologici, etc... Il grado di serenità/preoccupazione di un operatore sanitario chiamato a fronteggiare un'emergenza pandemica è, infatti, fortemente influenzato dal modo in cui è organizzato il contesto in cui opera; come lo è dalla disponibilità quanti-qualitativa dei dispositivi di protezione individuale. Per contro, le indicazioni organizzative e la sicurezza degli strumenti messi a disposizione degli operatori si realizzeranno nella misura in cui questi ultimi saranno in grado di ben aderire alle prime e di usare in modo appropriato e corretto i secondi, anche in forza di un'adeguata formazione. La ricerca ha, quindi, consentito di rilevare un insieme di dati che, pur non approfondendo nessuno dei singoli aspetti richiamati (non era il suo obiettivo), sono in grado di consegnarci un'interessante panoramica dell'impatto epidemico sugli operatori sanitari, dalla quale è possibile trarre sia indicazioni di immediata utilità sia elementi dai quali partire per la definizione di indagini o proposte più puntuali.

This paper uses transformed subsystem of ordinary differential equation s e i r s model, with vital dynamics of birth and death rates, and temporary immunity (of infectious individuals or vaccinated susceptible) to evaluate the disease-free D F E X ¯ D F E , and endemic E E X ¯ E E equilibrium points, using the Jacobian matrix eigenvalues λ i of both disease-free equilibrium X ¯ D F E , and endemic equilibrium X ¯ E E for COVID-19 infectious disease to show S, E, I, and R ratios to the population in time-series. In order to obtain the disease-free equilibrium point, globally asymptotically stable ( R 0 ≤ 1 ), the effect of control strategies has been added to the model (in order to decrease transmission rate β , and reinforce susceptible to recovered flow), to determine how much they are effective, in a mass immunization program. The effect of transmission rates β (from S to E) and α (from R to S) varies, and when vaccination effect ρ , is added to the model, disease-free equilibrium X ¯ D F E is globally asymptotically stable, and the endemic equilibrium point X ¯ E E , is locally unstable. The initial conditions for the decrease in transmission rates of β and α , reached the corresponding disease-free equilibrium X ¯ D F E locally unstable, and globally asymptotically stable for endemic equilibrium X ¯ E E . The initial conditions for the decrease in transmission rate s β and α , and increase in ρ , reached the corresponding disease-free equilibrium X ¯ D F E globally asymptotically stable, and locally unstable in endemic equilibrium X ¯ E E .