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Introduction. Core stability training (CST) has gained increasing relevance in sports due to its potential to enhance athletic performance and reduce injury risk, particularly in swimming. The 50-meter freestyle is a key performance test in swimming, and understanding the impact of CST on this specific event is essential for optimizing training programs. Objective. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of CST on the performance of male and female swimmers in the 50-meter freestyle. Methods. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Bireme, Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS), adhering to the Cochrane Handbook guidelines. Risk of bias was evaluated using the ROB2 scale, while the quality of the studies was assessed with the SIGN and CONSORT checklists. Data were analyzed using a fixed-effects meta-analysis in RevMan-Web, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 and X2 tests. Results. Out of 2,323 records identified, 7 studies met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed that CST significantly improved 50-meter freestyle performance, with a time reduction of -1.06 seconds (95% CI = -1.52, -0.60) in male swimmers and -3.28 seconds (95% CI = -4.57, -1.99) in female swimmers. Conclusion. CST was found to be effective in enhancing performance in the 50-meter freestyle, particularly in female swimmers. These findings support the use of CST as a valuable training strategy for sports scientists and coaches aiming to improve swimming performance.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of core stability with dynamic stretching along with routine physical therapy in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). METHODS: This randomized controlled trial at Government Mian Munshi Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, enrolled 48 participants with CLBP. After obtaining consent, participants were randomly assigned through lottery method to Group-A (routine physical therapy) or Group-B (routine physical therapy plus core stability exercises and dynamic stretching). Pain, range of motion (ROM), and physical disability were evaluated at pretreatment, and at 2nd, 4th, and 6th weeks post-treatment using Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), a goniometer, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), respectively. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. Group-A had a mean age of 37.42±3.96 years and a mean BMI of 23.05±3.83 kg/m². Group-B had a mean age of 41.67±4.86 years and a mean BMI of 23.58±3.28 kg/m². In Group-A, the NPRS scores improved from 5.00 (4.00-7.00) to 4.00 (2.00-5.00) (p

الملخص: أهداف البحث: سعت هذه الدراسه ألي تحديد الأرتباط والفرق، إن وجد، بين الجانب المماثل وبين الجانبين المتقابلين أثناء تمرين التوازن والتحمل الثابت. طرق البحث: شارك ١١٢ طالب جامعي يتمتع بصحه جيده (٥٥ إناث، ٥٧ ذكور) في هذه الدراسه. أجري كل مشارك تمرين Quadruped bird dog ( رفع ذراع واحده والساق في الجانب المقابل) والحفاظ علي التوازن في حاله ثابته. كما أجري كل مشارك تمرين ال side bridge من وضع الأستلقاء علي الجانب ورفع الجذع والوركين والحفاظ علي التوازن لأطول فتره ممكنه. النتائج: أظهر أختبار Wilcoxon فرق ذو دلاله أحصائيه لتمرين Quadruped bird dog وليس لتمرين Side bridge. كما أظهرت الدراسه معامل أرتباط قوي مقداره 0.85 و 0.75 لتمرين Quadruped bird dog وتمرين Side bridge علي التوالي. الأستنتاجات: قد تكون هذه النتائج مفيده لأخصائي التأهيل للتقييم الموضوعي لقدرات التوازن والتحمل الثابت ومتابعة التقدم في العلاج. كما أنه يساعد في تحديد التمرين المناسب والمتدرج لثبات الجذع. Abstract: Objectives: This study sought to determine the association and the difference, if any, between the levels of the contralateral and between the levels of the ipsilateral sides during static endurance-balance exercise. Methods: One hundred twelve healthy active- college students (55 females and 57 males) participated in this cross-sectional study. Each participant performed the contralateral (raising one arm and opposite-side leg) quadruped bird dog exercise and balanced in static condition. Side bridge exercise was performed from lying on your side then engaging your core muscles and lifting your upper body and hips off the ground, maintaining a straight line and holding this position as long as tolerated. Results: Wilcoxon signed rank test showed significant difference (p = 0.004) between the contralateral right and left quadruped bird dog but insignificant difference (p = 0.059) between the ipsilateral right and left side bridge endurance-balance exercises. Mann–Whitney U test showed that the holding time was significant across gender for the contralateral but was insignificant for the ipsilateral endurance-balance exercise. Mann–Whitney U test was insignificant (p > 0.05) between those being recreationally active or inactive. Kruskal–Wallis test revealed insignificant difference between body mass index categories. Spearman's rho correlation coefficient showed strong positive correlation equals 0.85 and 0.75 (p

BackgroundCranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) is one of the most common causes of pelvic limb lameness in dogs. Risk factors for CCLR include breed (especially large and giant breeds), body weight, gender and spay/neuter status, and age. Few studies have evaluated physical activity and fitness indicators, however, as risk factors for disease. This study used an online questionnaire distributed primarily via social media to assess risk factors for CCLR in dogs actively engaged in agility training or competition to determine demographic and physical activity factors associated with rupture.ResultsData from 260 dogs with CCLR were compared to similar data from 1006 dogs without CCLR. All dogs were actively training or competing in agility at the time of CCLR or the time of data submission, respectively. Physical characteristics associated with increased risk of CCLR included younger age, spayed female sex, greater body weight, and greater weight to height ratio. Agility activities associated with increased odds ratios included competition in events sponsored by the North American Dog Agility Council (NADAC), competing at novice and intermediate levels, and competing in fewer than 10 events/year. Odds ratios were lower in dogs that competed in events sponsored by United Kingdom Agility International (UKI). Other activities associated with increased odds ratio for CCLR included involvement in flyball activities and short walks or runs over hilly or flat terrain on a weekly basis. Activities associated with decreased odds ratio included involvement in dock diving, barn hunt, nosework, or lure coursing/racing activities and participation in core balance and strength exercises at least weekly.ConclusionsThese results are consistent with previous studies demonstrating that body weight and spay/neuter status are risk factors for CCLR in dogs. This is the first report to demonstrate that risk of CCLR in agility dogs is decreased in dogs that engage in regular core strengthening exercises, compete more frequently, compete at higher levels, and compete in more athletically challenging venues.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that poor dynamic postural control may lead to abnormal movement patterns during exercise, which may increase the risk of lower limb joint and anterior cruciate ligament injury. The stability of the body core is the basis of good dynamic postural control. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of core stability training on dynamic postural control and risk of injury in landing movements, and to compare the differences in training effects between genders. METHODS: Thirty-five college students (male=19, female=16) were recruited for 6 weeks of core stability training. The results of the Y balance test, trunk extensor endurance test, trunk flexor endurance test, lateral bridge endurance test, and landing error scoring system were analyzed before and after training. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The 6-week core stability training could improve trunk extensor endurance (P < 0.001), flexor endurance (P < 0.001), and lateral abdominal muscle endurance (P < 0.001). Core stability training could improve forward distance (P=0.026), backward inward distance (P < 0.001), backward outward distance (P=0.005) and comprehensive score (P < 0.001) of Y balance test for male and female college students. Landing error scoring system scoresof both male and female college students significantly decreased after 6 weeks of core stability training (P < 0.001) while increasing knee (P < 0.001) and hip flexion angles (P < 0.001), decreasing knee valgus angle (P < 0.001) at the moment of touchdown, and could increase the maximum knee flexion angle (P < 0.001) and decrease the maximum knee valgus angle (P < 0.001). It is concluded that core stability training improves dynamic postural control and improves landing movement patterns, suggesting that it may help reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. There are no sex differences in core stability training in terms of increased trunk flexor endurance, lateral bridge muscle group endurance, improved dynamic postural control, and reduced risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this scoping review is to provide valuable insights for clinicians and researchers for designing rehabilitative interventions targeting the trunk and core for individuals who have experienced traumatic events, such as stroke or spinal cord injury, or are grappling with neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. We investigated training methods used to enhance balance, trunk control, and core stability. Methods: We conducted an extensive literature search across several electronic databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and IEEE Xplore. Results: A total of 109 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The results shed light on the diversity of rehabilitation methods that target the trunk and core. These methods have demonstrated effectiveness in improving various outcomes, including balance, trunk control, gait, the management of trunk muscles, overall independence, and individuals' quality of life. Conclusions: Our scoping review provides an overview on the methods and technologies employed in trunk rehabilitation and core strengthening, offering insights into the added value of core training and specific robotic training, focusing on the importance of different types of feedback to enhance training effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Core stability training is crucial for competitive athletes, individuals who want to improve their health and physical performance, and those undergoing clinical rehabilitation. This study compared the ultrasound (US) muscle thickness of the abdominals and lumbar multifidus (LM) muscles between seven popular trunk stability exercises performed using hollowing and bracing maneuvers. Forty-four healthy young adults, aged between 21 and 32 years, performed a plank, bird dog, beast crawl, dead bug, Pilates tap, bridge, and side planks using the bracing and the hollowing maneuver. The thickness of the transversus abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and LM muscles was measured simultaneously using two ultrasound machines. Analysis of variance designs indicated that during hollowing, the bird dog and side plank exercises resulted in the greatest increase in the muscle's relative thickness overall. The relative thickness of all muscles was significantly greater (p < 0.001) during hollowing (22.7 ± 7.80 to 106 ± 24.5% of rest) compared to bracing (18.7 ± 7.40 to 87.1 ± 20.9% of rest). The TrA showed the greatest increase in thickness (p < 0.001) compared to the IO and LM. Additionally, the IO had a greater increase in thickness (p < 0.001) than the LM. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the bird dog and side plank exercises, when performed with hollowing, showed the most significant total muscle thickness increase. Notably, the hollowing maneuver enhances the thickness of the TrA, IO, and LM muscles more than the bracing maneuver. This contributes to the discussion on optimal strategies for dynamic core stabilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Sacroiliac joint dysfunction (SIJD), while being the primary contributor to low back pain, is still disregarded and treated as low back pain. Mulligan's Mobilization with Movement (MWM) Techniques and Core Stability Exercises (CSE) are often used to treat low back pain. There is not much evidence that it is effective in SIJD. To evaluate the effectiveness of CSE coupled with MWM (CSE + MWM) in the treatment of SIJD. Methods: 39 patients with SIJD were recruited and randomly divided into distinct groups as follows: control group (n = 13), CSE group (n = 13) and CSE + MWM group (n = 13). The Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), the Range of Motion (ROM), the Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) and the pelvic tilt angle asymmetry ratio in the sagittal plane (PTAR) were used to gauge the intervention's success both before (M0) and after (M1) it. All experimental data were statistically analyzed. Results: The SIJ-related pain metric significantly decreased in both the CSE + MWM group and the CSE group between M0 and M1, as determined by the NPRS and RMDQ. Between M0 and M1, The CSE group's left axial rotation ROM and lumbar flexion ROM were significantly decreased. The CSE + MWM group's extension ROM and left lateral flexion ROM both significantly increased between M0 and M1. In the difference variable (M1-M0), the CSE + MWM group substantially outperformed control group in the left lateral flexion ROM and outperformed the CSE group in the left axial rotation ROM. Conclusion: In individuals with SIJD, CSE + MWM is beneficial in lowering pain, disability, and function. Treatment with CSE andMWMapproaches for SIJ appears to boost this efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The long-term effects of the unilateral muscle-sparing pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAMmsp) flap procedure on trunk muscle performances and core stability were investigated in women with breast cancer. Methods Forty women (mean age = 42.6 years) who had received breast reconstruction with the unilateral TRAMmsp flap procedure no less than 6 months earlier (mean = 10.3 [standard deviation, SD = 4.9] months) (TRAM group) participated, and 30 women who were healthy and matched for age (mean age = 41.2 years) served as controls (control group). Their abdominal and back muscle strength was assessed using the curl-up and prone extension tests, respectively, and their static abdominal muscle endurance and back extensor endurance were assessed using the sit-up endurance test in the crook-lying position and the Biering-Sørensen test, respectively. Core stability strength was assessed using a 4-level limb-lowering test (abdominal muscle test), and core stability endurance was assessed while lying supine with both flexed legs 1 inch off the mat while keeping the pelvis in a neutral position with a pressure biofeedback unit. Results Compared with the control group, trunk muscles of the TRAM group were weaker, showing less endurance, as were their core stability strength and endurance. Static trunk muscle endurances and trunk flexion strength were associated with core stability in both groups. Conclusions Women exhibit trunk flexor and extensor weakness along with poor endurance and impaired core stability even after an average of 10 months from receiving the TRAMmsp flap procedure. Immobilization after surgery, with possible systemic inflammatory effects from surgery and chemotherapy, might have further contributed to the generalized weakness subsequent to the partial harvesting of the rectus abdominis. Impact Women after breast reconstruction with the TRAMmsp flap procedure show long-lasting deficits of strength and endurance in abdominal muscles, back extensors, and core stability. Proactive measures including early detection and evaluation of impairments as well as timely intervention targeting these clients are important to minimize the dysfunction and support their return to community participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that clinical Pilates improves strength, core stability, balance, gait, fatigue, and quality of life (QOL) in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). On the other hand, there is insufficient information about whether similar benefits can be achieved with Pilates-based telerehabilitation (Pilates-TR). We aimed to investigate the effects of Pilates-TR on physical performance and QOL in PwMS. Thirty PwMS were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups. The Pilates-TR group received Pilates-TR via videoconferences three days per week during six weeks at home. The control group (CG) was a waitlist with no Pilates-TR treatment. Physical performance measures included extremity muscle strength, core endurance and power, balance, gait analysis, and functional exercise capacity. In addition, fatigue and QOL were evaluated. Extremity muscle strength, core endurance and power, balance, walking speed, cadence, distance, functional exercise capacity, and QOL were improved after Pilates-TR (p < 0.05). Fatigue level and the effects of fatigue on functions decreased in Pilates-TR, while fatigue level increased in CG (p <.05). The CG showed no changes in any other measurements (p >.05). Pilates-TR was effective in improving physical performance and QOL in PwMS. Pilates-TR can be recommended as an effective option, especially for patients with barriers to reaching the clinic. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04838886) Pilates-based telerehabilitation (Pilates-TR) is an effective means of improving muscle strength, core stability, balance, walking, functional exercise capacity, and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Pilates-TR seems like an appropriate option for improving both the mental and physical dimensions of quality of life in PwMS. Clinicians can safely use Pilates-TR to increase physical performance and quality of life in PwMS who have limitations to participate in clinical Pilates for various reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Body tilt changes could affect the intensity/difficulty of core stability exercises, but there is still a lack of knowledge about its impact. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the trunk muscles activation during prone plank exercises at different body tilts. METHODS: Twenty-four young adults who performed recreational gymnastic activities participated in this study. Electromyography activity of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO) and erector spinae (ES) was recorded during the performance of six variations of the prone plank exercise (planking with feet supported on the ground [conventional horizontal position] and planking with feet supported on wall bars at five different heights increasing the angle tilt) and an inverted position exercise. RESULTS: The RA, EO and IO activation in all prone plank variations were higher than those observed in the conventional prone plank. In addition, the coefficient of variation of the muscle activation increased with the declination angle, reaching the highest values in the inverted position for the RA and ES muscles. CONCLUSION: The results seem to indicate that the body tilt variation could be used as an easy and inexpensive strategy for modulating the neuromuscular demands and the motor control challenge during planking exercises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Children with specific learning difficulties (SLD) experience deficits in academic performance as well as problems in gross and fine motor skills, balance and motor coordination. Core muscles help maintain balance by providing trunk stabilization. For this reason, the aim of our study was to examine the relationship between core muscle endurance and balance in children with SLD. Methods: 15 children with SLD between the ages of 7 and 14 participated in the study. McGill trunk endurance tests were used to evaluate the endurance of the core muscles, and Romberg Test, One-Leg Standing Test, Flamingo Balance Test, Single-Leg Squatting Test, Functional Reaching Test, Timed Up and Go Test were used to evaluate balance. Results: In children with SLD, there was a negative relationship between the endurance of the muscles performing trunk flexion and the Flamingo Balance Test (r=-0.499; p<0.05) and a negative relationship between the endurance of the muscles performing left lateral trunk flexion and the Flamingo Balance Test (r=-0.495; p<0.05) was found. With the Single Leg Squat Test, there was a positive relationship with the endurance of the muscles performing the right lateral trunk flexion (r=0.586; p<0.05), and a positive relationship with the endurance of the muscles performing the left lateral trunk flexion (r=0.538; p<0.05). found. A positive relationship was found between the Timed Up and Go Test and the endurance of the trunk flexion muscles (r=0.562; p<0.05), and a positive relationship was found between the endurance of the left lateral trunk muscles (r=0.504; p<0.05). Conclusions: In children with SLD, a relationship was found between PDT, TBST, SKST performed for balance evaluation and the endurance of core muscles. As a result of our study, it was found that there is a relationship between core muscle endurance and balance parameters in children with SLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims The most important risk factors for knee injuries include weakness in core stability, poor postural stability, and excessive dynamic valgus of the knee. One of the most successful protocols for preventing knee injuries in female athletes is specialized sportsmetrics soccer training. It seems that the effect of this protocol on the core stability of female soccer players with knee valgus has not been studied. Methods In the present study, 24 footballers with knee valgus in the training (12 people) and the control (12 people) groups participated in specialized sportsmetrics soccer training and regular pre-season exercises for six weeks, respectively. The tests consisted of a core stability test (trunk flexor, trunk extensor, right side bridge, and left side bridge), postural stability (Y balance), and dynamic knee valgus (during the scoring of landing error test). Results Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data (P≤0.05) in SPSS software, version 25. The results showed a significant improvement (P=0.01) in postural stability (from 105.2 to 116.7 cm), core stability (from 38.2 to 41.1 s), and knee valgus (from 25.3 to 12.4 degrees). Conclusion According to the results of the study, the present protocol, which is designed to prevent knee injuries in female soccer players, modifies all three risk factors for knee injuries (weakness in core stability, poor postural stability, and knee valgus). Therefore, this protocol is recommended for all female soccer players with dynamic knee valgus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Change of direction speed (CODS) is determined by several physical aspects, such as linear sprint speed, reactive strength and power of leg muscles. It appears that core strength may also play a role in CODS, however, its relationship to CODS remains unclear. The aim of this narrative review was to analyze the literature addressing a) the relationship between core strength and CODS and b) the effect of core strength training on CODS. This analysis revealed a significant relationship between the parameters of core strength and stability (the pressure of the activated core muscles during lower limb movement and the greatest mean force output of maximum volunteered contraction) and the time in the Agility TTest. However, this parameter was not significantly related to the strength endurance of core muscles (total time in the plank test). Core training provides a sufficient stimulus for the development of CODS in less-skilled middle-adolescent athletes, while its effectiveness decreases in higher-skilled adult athletes. These findings indicate that core muscle strength contributes significantly to the change of direction speed. Core training is therefore useful for improving CODS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scapular dyskinesis entails an aberrant alignment of the shoulder blade from its typical position. Its prevalence among Cricket Fast Bowlers is estimated at approximately 10%. Understanding the interplay between scapular and core stability is pivotal, as weakened scapular muscles, the primary drivers of scapular dyskinesis, can subsequently diminish core strength. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare core stability among Cricket Fast Bowlers with and without scapular dyskinesis. Ninety asymptomatic professional Cricket Fast Bowlers, aged 18 to 25 years, voluntarily participated in this study. The participants were categorized into 2 Groups: Group A (With Scapular Dyskinesis) and Group B (Without Scapular Dyskinesis). Core stability was assessed utilizing McGill Endurance Tests, which encompassed the Trunk Flexor Endurance Test, the Biering- Sorenson Test, and the Side Bridge Test. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted using the Student's unpaired t-test. Cricket Fast Bowlers with scapular dyskinesis demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the McGill Endurance Test of core stability, i.e., the Flexor Endurance Test, the Biering-Sorenson Test, and the Side Bridge Test for the dominant side with P < 0.01 than the fast bowlers without scapular dyskinesis. Hence, the findings indicate that the Cricket Fast Bowlers with scapular dyskinesis exhibited a decrease in core stability compared the Bowlers without scapular dyskinesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female soccer athletes are at greater risk for anterior cruciate ligament injury compared with males. Risk factors include altered landing biomechanics and diminished core neuromuscular control, measured using advanced laboratory equipment. There is a need for a clinical measure of core muscle function to better understand kinesiological factors within a female, youth athlete population. The purpose was to determine whether sagittal and frontal plane kinematics during a jump landing task differ based on levels of core endurance in female youth soccer athletes. Participants included healthy, female soccer athletes ages 8–17 years (M = 12.3 years, SD = 2.4 years), height (M = 1.52 m, SD = 0.16 m), and body mass (M = 46.0 kg, SD = 13.7 kg). A quantitative data descriptive laboratory study in a field-based setting was conducted. Sixty-six participants performed the side plank test for time to failure. Three-dimensional biomechanics were collected, and initial contact and peak trunk, hip, and knee joint angles were identified during the deceleration phase of a double-leg jump-landing task. The group with the lowest side plank time displayed decreased knee flexion at initial contact (p =.02) and peak knee flexion (p =.03) and decreased peak hip flexion angles (p =.01). There were no additional statistically significant differences among groups (p >.05). Female youth soccer athletes who have reduced core endurance also display decreased hip and knee flexion, which may place them at risk for anterior cruciate ligament injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Osteoporosis is common among postmenopausal women, and can affect their health and quality of life. However, it can be managed by physical activity. The present study aims to investigate the combined effect of core stability and dynamic resistive exercises on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. Material and methods: Sixty postmenopausal women diagnosed with osteoporosis, age 50 to 60, BMI < 30 kg/m², were randomly divided into two equal groups: the study group received core stability and dynamic resistance exercise (two sessions per week) in addition to 70 mg Alendronate (one tablet) per week for four months, while the control group only received 70 mg Alendronate (one tablet) per week (n = 30 each group). Both groups were assessed for BMD (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; DEXA), and quality of life (Oswestry Disability Index; ODI), both pre- and post-treatment. Results: Both groups demonstrated a significantly greater bone mineral density in the lumbar spine and left femoral neck and improved quality of life post-treatment compared to pre-treatment (p < 0.001). However, comparing groups, the study group demonstrated significantly higher lumbar spine (Z value = -5.588) and left femoral neck bone mineral density (Z value = -4.794), and significantly lower ODI score (F value = 243.686), compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Core stability and dynamic resistance exercise appear to be safe and effective methods in the treatment of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP) is a public health issue. Dysfunctions in muscle activation and spinal stability are estimated to directly impact pain intensity. Additionally, senior women experience greater decline in muscle function due to aging, rendering this demographic more susceptible to developing low back pain. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between core muscle instability, strength, and endurance with pressure pain threshold in senior individuals with CNLBP. METHODS: This is a quantitative observational study, with a descriptive cross-sectional design, conducted on women aged 60 to 79 years. The pressure pain threshold (PPT). The pressure pain threshold (PPT) was assessed using a pressure algometer applied to the paravertebral and anterior tibial musculature. Trunk instability was assessed on both a stable and an unstable seat, positioned atop a force platform that provided real-time displacement of the pressure center. Maximum isometric strength and endurance of trunk flexors and extensors were assessed using the McGill protocol. Person's correlations coefficient (r) was calculated, and the data were presented as mean and standard deviation. The significance level was set at p

Abstract Background Asymmetry in involuntary trunk motion during voluntary movements of the lower extremities is a risk factor for musculoskeletal injuries and may be related to core stability. Core stability plays a pivotal role in maintaining postural stability during distal segment movements. Because mediolateral head motion partially represents trunk motion during rhythmic movements, controlling it can help ensure symmetric trunk motion. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between core stability and asymmetric trunk motion during rhythmic movements, and to evaluate the effects of feedback music on mediolateral head motion. Methods We developed a system that uses a wireless earbud and a high-resolution inertial measurement unit sensor to measure head angle and provide feedback music. When the head angle exceeds a predefined threshold, the music is muted in the earbud on the side of the head tilt. In our lab-based study, we measured head angles during cycling at 70% of maximum speed using this self-developed system, and compared them between individuals with good (Sahrmann core stability test: 2–5 level) and poor core stability (0–1 level). The amplitude of mediolateral head motion was represented by the difference between the left and right peak angles, and the symmetry in mediolateral head motion was represented by the average of left and right peak angles. Results Individuals with poor core stability demonstrated significantly greater amplitude of, and less symmetry in, mediolateral head motion than those with good core stability. Additionally, feedback music significantly reduced the amplitude of mediolateral head motion in both the good- and poor-core-stability groups. Conclusion Our findings indicate that core stability is crucial for maintaining symmetric head motion during rhythmic movements like cycling. Feedback music could serve as an effective tool for promoting symmetry in head motion and thus preventing musculoskeletal injuries.

Context: The importance of isometric trunk strength (ITS) among sport science professionals is higher than its actual reported effect size on either performance or low back pain (LBP) occurrence. Objective: To provide normative values of ITS and strength ratios, and to evaluate the effect of sex, sports discipline, and LBP status. Design: Crossover study. Setting: University research laboratory. Participants: Five hundred and sixty-seven elite athletes (186 females) with and without a history of LBP from different sports. Main Outcome Measure: Participants underwent ITS testing for trunk flexors, extensors, and lateral flexors. Normalized maximal strength (in newton meter per kilogram) and strength ratios were calculated. Differences between sex, LBP, and sport disciplines were assessed with 3-way analysis of variance (sex x LBP status x 7 sport categories) and partial eta-squared (ηp²) effect size. The predictive validity of ITS for LBP was checked with receiver operating characteristics (area under the curve). Results: The authors found significant differences in extensor and flexor ITS in favor of male athletes (medium ηp², P < .05), while sex differences in lateral flexion ITS had a low size effect (P < .05). A low size effect was also observed for the differences in strength ratios extensors/flexors (mean 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-1.50) and left flexors/right flexors (mean 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.98-1.01) among sexes. The sport discipline-related differences generally had a low size effect. No significant differences in ITS were found between LBP and LBP-free athletes. Only 50% to 58% of athletes (area under the curve, 0.501-0.582) were correctly classified as LBP or LBP-free using different ITS and strength ratio variables. Conclusions: ITS and strength ratios have low predictive validity for LBP history but may discriminate between sex and sport disciplines. Our data are a useful reference point for meaningful individual results interpretation when athletes are evaluated during training or rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This scoping review explores the effectiveness of abdominal hollowing (AH) and abdominal bracing (AB) techniques in enhancing trunk stability and facilitating rehabilitation, particularly for individuals with lower back pain (LBP). Methods: The review synthesizes findings from 22 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed these techniques’ impacts on muscle activation, pain reduction, and functional outcomes. Results: The results demonstrate that both techniques can significantly improve trunk stability, muscle thickness, balance, and gait. However, a notable gap exists in studies directly comparing AH and AB, raising questions about whether they are equally effective. While AH is often associated with selective activation of the transversus abdominis, AB promotes a broader co-contraction of trunk muscles, contributing to robust spinal stability. Conclusions: This review underscores the need for further research to directly compare these techniques and refine their application in clinical practice. The findings suggest that personalized rehabilitation programs incorporating both AH and AB, tailored to individual patient needs and rehabilitation goals, can be effective in managing and preventing LBP.

Rowing is a complex sport where technique can significantly impact performance. A better understanding of the rowers’ technique and neuromuscular activations during scull rowing, along with their impact on rowing performance, could greatly help trainers and athletes. Twelve male rowers were asked to row at their competitive stroke rate, and we collected data describing neuromuscular activations, trunk and arm kinematics, as well as technical determinants such as oar angles and angle asymmetries. We fitted linear mixed-effect models to investigate the effects of these variables on power production and boat speed. A larger effective angle had the greatest positive effect on power output, and slip angles had the largest negative effects. Increased elbow flexion at catch had the greatest negative effect on speed. Angle asymmetries affected neither power nor speed. Increased upper limb neuromuscular activity during the first and third quarters of the drive phase helped reduce slip angles, thus increasing performance. Power and speed were influenced similarly by the predictor variables. Still, they showed subtle differences, indicating that the strategies to maximize power production might not be the best ones to also achieve the maximum speed.

Exercise is one of the physical exercises commonly practiced by people to improve physical condition. Every sport has a risk of injury or (sport injury). One of them is futsal sports, sport injury is a type of injury during training or competition that causes injury due to external factors such as tackling, collisions, collisions and internal factors such as poor core stability, muscle weakness, muscle imbalance and excessive use of muscles or ligaments. Knowing the between core stability and muscle imbalance to identify the risk of injury for Kendal porprov futsal players. This type of research uses analytical Observational research design with Cross Section design. The population in this study were all Kendal porprov futsal players with sampling using Total Sampling technique, a sample of 20 respondents. Data analysis in this study used the Kendall tau correlation test. There is a correlation between Core Stability and Injury Risk where the p-value p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). And there is a correlation in muscle imbalance with the risk of injury where the p-value p = 0.009 (p < 0.05). There is a correlation between core stability and muscle imbalance to identify the risk of injury for Kendal porprov futsal players.

Objective: to compare the results of endurance, strength and functional status of spine stabilisers muscles (core stability) obtained by testing national teams athletes of different sports.Materials and methods: 71 male athletes (judokas, boxers, cyclists and wrestlers) aged 18–25 years participated in this study. Athletes were asked to perform «Motor Control test» in static and dynamic mode and three trial attempts were given to be familiar with test.Results: cyclists were found to have the highest overall scores in both static and dynamic modes, but the results for different spatial parameters differ. Statistically significant differences were found when comparing the following core stability indicators: «Forward (static mode)», «Back (dynamic mode)», «Left (static mode)», «Forward-left (static mode), «Forward-right (dynamic mode)», «Back-left (static mode)», «Back-left (dynamic mode)», «Back-right (dynamic mode)».Conclusion. The cycling requires more core stability than boxing, wrestling and judo, but further investigations and larger samples of athletes are needed.

Physiological changes in the elderly occur related to skeletal muscle changes and are related to the balance of the fall risk assessment. Therefore, researchers provide Square Stepping, Gaze stabilization, and Core stability exercise interventions to improve dynamic balance. Square stepping exercise is an exercise to improve lower extremity functional fitness. Gaze Stabilization is an exercise to improve balance by way of cooperation between the vestibular system and the visual system. While Core Stability is a special exercise intended to help improve abdominal and lumbo pelvic muscles in trunk stability. The purpose of the study was to determine the difference in the effect between the combination of Square stepping and Gaze stabilization exercise with Square stepping and Core stability exercise on improving dynamic balance in the elderly. This research is a quantitative study with a quasi experimental type of research. The sample amounted to 30 respondents with a purposive sampling technique. Measurement of dynamic balance using TUGT. The Square Stepping intervention was carried out 3 times a week for 4 weeks, Gaze Stabilisation was carried out 3 times a week for 4 weeks and Core Stability was carried out 2 times a week for 4 weeks. Based on the Mann-Whitney Test using the TUGT measurement instrument, a significance value of 0.034 (p 0.05) was obtained. The results of this study indicate that there is a difference in the effect between giving square stepping and gaze stabilization with square stepping and core stability exercise on improving dynamic balance in the elderly.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to determine whether suspension training can be an effective intervention in improving functional movement in healthy adult men. METHODS The recruited subjects of Twenty healthy adult men without musculoskeletal diseases were divided into group that performed TRX exercise (n=10) and a group that performed traditional OKC exercise using a resistance machine (n=10). The variables were the deep squat, hurdle step, inline lunge, shoulder mobility, leg raise, push-up, and rotational stability after an 8-week exercise program. The total score of the 7 movements was calculated to compare and analyze the before-and-after changes in FMS score. All the data obtained in this study were analyzed with SPSS package (ver 21.0). To examine the effects of the suspension training program used in this study, Repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to compare the effects before and after the participation in the program. RESULTS The research results are as follows; The results of the FMS evaluation scores showed no significant differences between the TRX group and the OKC group in the deep squat, hurdle step, inline lunge, shoulder mobility, leg raise, and push-up evaluations, and no interaction effect was found. However, the rotational stability evaluation score showed higher scores in the TRX group after training, showing a significant interaction effect (p

Abstract Background Patients with stroke frequently experience walking dysfunction. Core training can help improve balance and walking function in patients with stroke. However, core training movements in clinical practice are numerous and differently targeted. Therefore, this study will investigate the improvement of walking function in patients with combined diaphragmatic breathing maneuver (DBM) and draw-in breathing technique (ADIM) training. Methods This single-blind, randomized controlled preliminary will analyze the viability of DBM combined ADIM training versus routine rehabilitation therapy in patients with stroke with early to mid-stroke. Patients will be randomly assigned to either the DBM and ADIM training or the routine rehabilitation training. We will recruit 42 stroke inpatients from the Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai who meet the trial criteria and measure the balance and walking functions and improvement of that after 4 weeks of intervention. The primary outcome is the 10 m maximum walking test (10MWT). The secondary outcomes indices include the limits of stability test (LOS), Berg balance scale test (BBS), Functional Ambulation Categories test (FAC), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), trunk impairment scale test (TIS), ultrasound indicators of the diaphragm and transversus abdominis (UI), rhythmic weight shift test (RWS), walk across test (WA), Fugl-Meyer assessment of lower extremity (FMA-LE), and Barthel index of ADL test. Discussion The primary objective of this project was to investigate the effects of DBM combined with ADIM on balance capacity and walking function for patients with early to mid-stroke. The outcomes of this study will hold significant implications for future clinical applications in rehabilitation. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), ID: ChiCTR2100054897. Registered on 28 December 2021.

Background: Asymmetry in involuntary trunk motion during voluntary movements of the lower extremities is a risk factor for musculoskeletal injuries and may be related to core stability. Core stability plays a pivotal role in maintaining postural stability during distal segment movements. Because mediolateral head motion partially represents trunk motion during rhythmic movements, controlling it can help ensure symmetric trunk motion. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between core stability and asymmetric trunk motion during rhythmic movements, and to evaluate the effects of feedback music on mediolateral head motion. Methods: We developed a system that uses a wireless earbud and a high-resolution inertial measurement unit sensor to measure head angle and provide feedback music. When the head angle exceeds a predefined threshold, the music is muted in the earbud on the side of the head tilt. In our lab-based study, we measured head angles during cycling at 70% of maximum speed using this self-developed system, and compared them between individuals with good (Sahrmann core stability test: 2–5 level) and poor core stability (0–1 level). The amplitude of mediolateral head motion was represented by the difference between the left and right peak angles, and the symmetry in mediolateral head motion was represented by the average of left and right peak angles. Results: Individuals with poor core stability demonstrated significantly greater amplitude of, and less symmetry in, mediolateral head motion than those with good core stability. Additionally, feedback music significantly reduced the amplitude of mediolateral head motion in both the good- and poor-core-stability groups. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that core stability is crucial for maintaining symmetric head motion during rhythmic movements like cycling. Feedback music could serve as an effective tool for promoting symmetry in head motion and thus preventing musculoskeletal injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Determine if (a) a better trunk stability and endurance are associated with an improved whole‐body dynamic balance, and if (b) the assessment tests can be interchanged within each capability. Methods: Sixty‐three physically active young males performed three trunk stability (i.e., the lumbopelvic stability, the unstable sitting and the sudden loading sitting tests), three trunk muscle endurance (i.e., the Biering–Sørensen, the side bridge and the front bridge tests) and four whole‐body dynamic balance (i.e., the tandem and the single‐leg stance, the Y‐Balance, and the single‐leg triple hop tests) tests two times. After assessing the reliability of the variables, a Pearson correlation analysis was performed. Results: The correlations between trunk stability and endurance tests with dynamic balance tests were non‐significant except for the unstable sitting test with both the tandem (r = 0.502) and the single‐leg stance (r = 0.522) tests. Moreover, no relationships were observed between the trunk stability and the trunk muscle endurance tests. Interestingly, no relationships were found between most tests within each capability (i.e., trunk stability, trunk endurance, and dynamic balance) except: (i) the front bridge stability test and the back (r = 0.461) and the side (r = 0.499) bridge stability tests; (ii) the two side bridge endurance tests (r = 0.786); (iii) the tandem and the single‐leg stance tests (0.439 ≤ r ≤ 0.463); (iv) the Y‐Balance and the single‐leg triple hop tests (0.446 ≤ r ≤ 0.477). Conclusion: Better trunk function does not seem to be a relevant factor for dynamic balance in young active males. In this population, specific measures are needed as the test interchangeability is questioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: Core stability and strengthening of core stability muscles are among the new debates in sports medicine. The present study aimed to determine the effect of CX WORX exercises, one type of stability exercise, on proprioception and strength of selected muscles in basketball players with trunk defects. Methods: Thirty female basketball players with trunk defects were selected by available sampling and randomly placed in two control and training groups. Trunk defects through the tuck jump test, knee, and ankle proprioception using a goniometer, trunk proprioception using Kinovea software, the strength of knee flexors and extensors, hip abductors and external rotators, and basketball players' trunk flexors and extensors using a dynamometer were evaluated. CX WORX exercises were performed by the training group for six weeks. Paired sample t-tests and covariance analysis were used to analyze the data . Results: The results of the present study show a significant effect of CX WORX exercises on trunk (P=0.014), ankle (P=0.000), and knee (P=0.000) proprioception and the strength of knee (P=0.000), and trunk extensors (P=0.000), abductors (P= 0.000) and external rotator of the hip (P=0.000) of the subjects of the experimental group compared to the control group, but no significant difference was observed between the strength of the knee flexor muscles between the two groups (P>0.05) . Conclusion: According to the results, CX WORX exercises improved trunk, ankle, and knee proprioception and the strength of the knee and trunk extensor, hip abductor, and external rotator muscles of basketball players with trunk defects. Therefore, it is suggested that experts in the field of health and corrective exercise use CX WORX exercises with the aim of increasing proprioception and muscle strength of basketball players with trunk defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and background: Low Back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems that causes many symptoms, including kinesiophobia and weakness in postural control. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of barre au sol exercises and core stability training at home on kinesiophobia and postural control of women with chronic non-specific low back pain. Material and Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study that was performed in two phases of pre-test and post-test. In this study, 36 women suffering from non-specific chronic back pain were randomly divided into three groups of 12 people with barre au sol exercises, core stability training and control. The experimental groups performed barre au sol and core stability training for eight weeks. Kinesiophobia was evaluated by Tampa Scale and postural control by Y balance test and balance error scoring system. Results: The results of this research showed that both barre au sol and core stability exercises groups had significantly less kinesiophobia, less error in balance error scoring system test and better performance in all three directions of the Y balance test than the control group in the post-test, but there was no significant difference between the two training groups (P>0.05). No significant difference was seen in any of the research variables in the post-test between the two exercise groups (P>0.05) aswell.Conclusion: The results of this study showed, both types of core stability and barre au sol exercises can be used to improve kinesiophobia, static and dynamic balance in women with non-specific chronic back pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sufficient study has not been performed to clarify the role of trunk/respiratory muscles strength/endurance in providing postural control in dancers. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors affecting static/dynamic postural control in Latin dancers and to compare these measurements with non-dancers. The study included 38 (26F; 12 M) Latin dancers and 33 (21F; 11 M) non-dancers. Static/dynamic postural control, trunk muscle endurance, respiratory muscle strength/pulmonary functions, flexibility, and reaction tests were assessed with a force platform system, the McGill battery, spirometer, sit-and-reach test and Nelson-reaction-tests, respectively. Trunk muscle endurance times, respiratory muscle strength, FEV1/FVC, gender, hours of training per week and dancing experience were significant predictors of static/dynamic postural control in dancers (p < 0.05). All the trunk muscle endurance times, reaction tests results, and maximal inspiratory pressure were higher in the dancers compared to the non-dancers (p < 0.05). The limits of stability for forward and backward directions were higher, and anteroposterior sway in normal stability with eyes open was lower in the dancers compared to the non-dancers (p < 0.05). Trunk muscles endurance, respiratory muscle strength, dancing experience, and hours of training per week were positively associated with static/dynamic postural control. These predictors should be taken into consideration to improve postural control in dancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study compares the effect of postural restoration (PR) exercises with and without core stability exercises on the pain, intensity, function, quality of life (QoL), and passive range of motion (PROM) at lumbo pelvic-femoral complex in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain. Materials and Methods: This was an interventional type of randomized clinical trial study. The participants were 45 female patients (48.1±6.11 years, 161.4±5.06 cm height, 65.08±6.9 kg weight, and 24.9±2.8 body mass index). They were randomly divided into three equal groups: Group 1=PR exercises and core exercises, group 2=PR exercises, and group 3=control group. Pain intensity, function, QoL, and PROM were measured with the visual analog scale, Oswestry disability index, short form-36 questionnaire, and goniometer. The analysis of covariance was used to compare the means in the study groups before and after the intervention. The intervention groups performed the exercises for six weeks. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the QoL, pain intensity, function, and PROM of left hip adduction in the group with PR exercises with and without core exercises and control (P=0.000). In the PR group with core exercises (P=0.001) and without core exercises (P=0.001), a significant increase was observed in the adduction of the left hip. There was no significant difference between the function (P=0.850), pain (P=0.120), QoL (P=0.328), and PROM (P=0.094) in the intervention groups. Conclusion: PR exercises with and without core stability are equally effective in reducing pain and improving function, QoL, and hip adduction range of motion in women with left anterior interior chain patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Determine if spinal manipulation positively impacted standing center of pressure of college students with combined neck and low back pain. Methods: At baseline 97 participants with combined neck (2.8 ± 1.3 Numeric Rating Scale/NRS, mean ± SD) and low back (3.1 ± 1.5 NRS) pain had their standing eyes-closed balance assessed for 30 seconds on a force plate. Participants then stepped off the force plate and received spinal manipulation to their cervical and lumbar spine areas of greatest pain. Afterwards, participants had their balance reassessed for 30 seconds. Anterior-to-posterior and medial-to-lateral center of pressure (COP) mean amplitude and range were the dependent variables compared pre to post utilizing a paired samples f-test. Results: There was no statistically significant immediate change in center of pressure parameters assessed in response to spinal manipulation for individuals with combined neck (2.8 ± 1.3 NRS, 15.3 ± 4.9 months) and low back (3.1 ± 1.5 NRS, 20.4 ± 8.8 months) pain. However, sub-analysis of 32 individuals with moderate combined neck (4.1 ± 1.2 NRS, 32.1 ± 6.6 months) and low back (4.6 ± 1.3 NRS, 31.8 ± 12.5 months) pain demonstrated small positive improvements in medial-to-lateral COP mean amplitude and range. Conclusion: Spinal manipulation did not impact immediate COP amplitude or range of chiropractic college students with low levels of combined neck and low back pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Older adults with low back pain (LBP) are at risk for falling, but condition-specific mechanisms are unknown. Trunk neuromuscular function is critical for maintaining balance during mobility tasks and is often impaired in older adults with LBP. The purpose of this study was to assess whether aberrant lumbopelvic movements (or aberrant movements), a clinical index of trunk neuromuscular function, were associated with increased fall risk among older adults with chronic LBP over a 12-month follow-up period. Methods: This study analyzed data from a prospective cohort study of 250 community-dwelling older adults with chronic LBP. Participants were screened for 4 aberrant movements during 3 trials of forward flexion from a standing position: instability catch, painful arc, altered lumbopelvic rhythm, and Gower's sign. Aberrant movements were totaled to yield a summary score (ie, 0-4). Prospective falls were monitored via monthly fall calendars for 12 months. A generalized linear model with Poisson distribution and log link function was used to evaluate the association between aberrant movements and prospective fall risk. Age, sex, body mass index, LBP intensity, dynamic balance performance, prior falls, anxiolytic medication usage, and hip osteoarthritis characteristics were included as covariates in the model. Results: Baseline aberrant movements were independently associated with greater fall risk (risk ratio = 1.249, 95% CI = 1.047-1.491, P = .014); each 1-unit increase in aberrant movement score imparted a 24.9% increase in the risk of falling. Conclusions: Aberrant movements increased the risk of falling among older adults with chronic LBP over a 1-year span. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: The anterior pelvic tilt is characterized by ASIS rotating inferiorly in relation to the PSIS or being positioned lower than the PSIS in the sagittal plane. When compared to non-athletes, football players are more likely to have a higher anterior pelvic tilt angle. The anterior pelvic tilt experienced by football players may make them more prone to musculoskeletal problems. Purpose: This study is intended to compare the effects of Swiss ball and McKenzie exercise on a sample of football players who have an anterior pelvic tilt without any symptoms. Materials and Methods: 30 Subjects who were selected in the stadium under Shai physio clinic based on inclusion criteria. They were divided equally among two groups. Group A (n=15) subjects were managed with Swiss Ball exercise and Group B (n= 15) subjects were managed with McKenzie exercise. The subjects were evaluated using Angulus ROM software. Study period: October 2022 to June 2023. Results: In Group A (Swiss Ball), the post-test mean value was 10.80 (2.27), significantly lower compared with Group B (Mckenzie Exercise), 16.33 (3.04). This demonstrates the correction of excessive anterior tilt among football players in Group-A following Swiss Ball Therapy. However, the subjects in both groups were found to have a significantly decreased anterior tilting of the pelvis now exists following the interventions in Group A (Swiss Ball) and Group B (Mckenzie Exercise). Conclusion: According to the present study's findings, participants with anterior pelvic tilt responded well to both the interventions. Nonetheless the subjects who used a Swiss ball exercise were found to have correction in anterior pelvic tilt more quickly than those who performed the McKenzie exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exercises including plyometrics can boost lower extremity strength. According to a different study, teenage badminton players' dynamic balance, endurance, and agility are improved after 6 weeks of core training. The development of core muscles may improve athletic performance. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of core stability exercise and plyometrics balance and agility in badminton players in terms of pain using Illinois test and Star Excursion Balance Test. Methodology: It is an experimental study with random sampling technique. Sample size consists of 30 members in total where they are split randomly into 2 groups (15 in each group). Players in Group A received Core strengthening training in addition which includes Leg-up. Similarly Group B received Plyometrics training along with Leg up. Exercises to calm down were performed at the end of the session. Both the groups received intervention for 30 minutes thrice a week for 6 consecutive weeks. Results: According to the intra-group analysis, treatments A and B are equally successful in lowering the Agility Score and raising nearly all of the SEBT scores for the left and right legs, with the exception of the medial and lateral scores for the left leg. The results of the inter-group analysis revealed that Treatment B is more successful than Treatment A in terms of mean Agility Score decrease, whereas Treatment A is more effective than Treatment B in terms of mean Anterior scores for the right Leg improvement. With the exception of Agility and the anterior score for the right leg, both treatments were shown to be equally effective across the board. Conclusion: When compared to Core Stability Exercise, plyometrics help badminton players become more agile and balanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims Previous studies have shown that core stability exercises reduce the applied force on the upper limbs in swimmers. However, the effect of these exercises on the range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, and pain in the shoulder of swimmers is unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of a core stability exercise program on shoulder pain, muscle strength, and ROM in female swimmers with shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS). Methods The study population consists of all female swimmers with SIS in Tabriz, Iran. Twenty eligible swimmers were selected and randomly divided into two exercise (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. The shoulder pain, ROM, and muscle strength were measured by the shoulder pain and disability index, a goniometer, and the bench press (One repetition maximum), respectively. The exercise group participated in a specific core stability exercise program. The data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 24 using repeated measures analysis of variance, independent t-test, and paired t-test for withingroup and between-group comparisons. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results After exercise, the amount of shoulder pain in the experimental group was significantly reduced compared to the control group (P=0.0001). It also had a significant effect on the ROM of the shoulder in this group. In addition, there was a significant difference in shoulder muscle strength in the experimental group before and after exercise (P=0.0001), but this difference was not significant in the control group (P=0.138). Moreover, there was a significant interaction effect of time and group in the shoulder girdle muscle strength (P=0.001). Conclusion The core stability exercises can reduce shoulder pain and improve shoulder ROM and muscle strength in female swimmers with SIS. Performing core stability exercises is recommended to reduce pain and improve shoulder girdle function in these swimmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to monitor the changes in breathing pattern, trunk muscle stabilization, and upper-body muscular power in Paralympic swimmers throughout a competitive season over three time points: October (T1), March (T2), and August (T3). Six top-level Paralympic swimmers voluntarily participated in this study. The Friedman test, the Bonferroni–Dunn multiple comparison post hoc analysis, and Kendall's W concordance coefficient for the measure of effect were used. A significant difference was found in the breathing pattern, trunk stability, and upper-body power variables from the T1 to T3 season (p <.05). However, no significant changes were found in the T2 season. A long-term assessment of these fitness parameters may be of practical importance for better tailoring the training programs of top-level Paralympic swimmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Today, stroke is the principal cause of demise in both developed and developing countries. There are different techniques used to treat patients with sub-acute stroke. Trunk muscles play a key role, i.e. in keeping the spine and trunk in place. This stabilization requires moving the head and extremities freely and selectively. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS), neurodevelopmental techniques (NDT) and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on trunk and gait parameters in the subacute phase of stroke. This study is intended to ascertain the efficacy of all three approaches individually and to compare the effectiveness of DNS, NDT and PNF on trunk and gait parameters. Furthermore, the findings of this study could be used to assist post-stroke survivors in their early recovery and improve their level of independence. Methods In this interventional study, participants will be divided into three groups, and in each group, 20 patients will be assigned randomly to each group using the sequentially numbered opaque sealed envelope method. Group A patients will be given DNS, Group B will be given NDT, and Group C will be given PNF. The patients will be given treatment for five days for four consecutive weeks. Outcome measures that will be used are trunk impairment scale (TIS), dynamic gait index (DGI) and gait parameters. Data will be collected before and after the 4-week treatment period. Conclusions After the study, a conclusion will be drawn regarding which treatment technique is most suitable among all the three strategies for treating stroke patients if the hypothesis of the study is found valid. Clinical Trials Registry – India (CTRI) reference no. CTRI/2022/06/043037; date of registration 22/05/2022.

Objectives: We assessed the effect of change in core isometric strength and endurance on upper limb isometric strength in female athletes. Methods: In this experimental study, 32 female athletes aged 18-25 years were recruited based on the inclusion criteria. (17 cases in the experimental group and 15 cases in the control group). Before and after the core stabilization knockdown protocol, participants were assessed for isometric core strength (abdomen/back rehab 5310; rehab line), core endurance (curl-up test), and upper limb isometric strength (push up/pull down rehab 5120; rehab line). Results: The results showed a significant reduction in abdomen, back, push-up, pull-down isometric strength, and curl-up test scores in the experimental group and no significant differences in these parameters in the control group after the protocol. The experimental and control groups showed significant differences in the aforementioned parameters after the protocol. Discussion: This research suggests that performing extensive and exclusive core exercises to relieve fatigue prior to upper limb training can decrease the potential for core activation. This can ultimately lead to reduced effectiveness of upper extremity exercises or rehabilitation sessions, which can lead to upper body injuries. These exercises can be useful to enhance the knowledge regarding the sequencing of core and upper limb exercises in an athlete’s training protocols. Coresponding author: Sarika Chaudhary, E-mail: sarikamyas@gmail.com You can also search for this author in: PubMed

Low back pain (LBP) is a kind of clinical syndrome characterized by complex etiology, lifetime prevalence, the long course of disease and easy recurrence. If not treated in time, it will affect the quality of patient life and increase the social economic burden. This study summarized the disease classification, epidemiology, etiology (muscle strength decline, lumbar disc degeneration, facet joint degeneration, nerve root and dorsal root ganglion lesions), influencing factors, rehabilitation assessment (medical history collection, pain assessment, physical dysfunction test, imaging examination, clinical efficacy evaluation, etc.) and rehabilitation treatment [drug therapy, exercise therapy (trunk muscle training, core stability training/motor control, McKenzie therapy, Pilates exercise, water exercise, sling exercise training), manual therapy (mobilization of the spine, thoracic mobilization, myofascial release techniques), physical modalities, behavioral therapy, traditional Chinese medicine rehabilitation therapy (traditional Chinese medicine/Chinese patent medicine, acupuncture, massage), epidural block]. This paper intends to provide reference for professionals in different medical institutions in the assessment and selection of treatment methods for LBP in China.

Individuals with lower extremity injuries and back pain may exhibit weakness and stiffness in important muscles such as the gluteus maximus and external hip rotators. To aid clinicians in understanding the impact of exercises on factors like stability, endurance, and strength, electromyography (EMG) examination can be employed to monitor muscle activation. In this investigation, the EMG activity of the gluteus maximus and medius were compared between two exercises: the turn-out bent knee pulse and the single-leg banded glute bridge. The study enrolled a group of 64 healthy young women, aged 19 to 24 years. The raw data collected were standardized and represented as a percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). To assess the reliability of the EMG recordings, the test–retest analysis was performed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC3,1). Statistical analysis involved conducting a one-way ANOVA to compare the EMG amplitudes between the two exercises. Remarkably, the results demonstrated a significantly higher EMG signal amplitude during the single-leg banded glute bridge exercise (mean ± SD: 90 ± 28% MVIC) when compared to the turn-out bent knee pulse exercise (mean ± SD: 70 ± 15% MVIC) (F = 16.584, p = 0.001). The study found that the single-leg banded glute bridge exercise had a significantly higher EMG signal amplitude compared to the turn-out bent knee pulse exercise. This suggests that the single-leg banded glute bridge exercise may be more effective in strengthening the gluteus maximus and medius muscles. Overall, this study highlights the importance of targeted muscle training in rehabilitation protocols and the use of EMG examination to monitor muscle activation.

Menurunnya minat anak-anak terhadap aktivitas motoric akibat gadget akan menghambat dari proses perkembangan motoric ini terutama pada keseimbangan dinamis. Perlunya diberikan latihan modifikasi untuk dapat membantu mengoptimalkan perkembangan keseimbangan dinamis pada anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari pemberian Core Stability Exercise dan Wobble Board terhadap keseimbangan dinamis pada anak sekolah dasar. Metode penelitian ini pre-eksperimental dengan one group pre-test and post-test design. Alat ukur keseimbangan dinamis yang digunakan adalah Y Balance Test. Sampel pada penelitian ini sejumlah 17 orang yang didapat berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Uji Normalitas dengan Shapiro-wilk test menunjukkan p>0,05 pada hasil pre dan post test. Berdasarkan hasil uji Paired Sample T-Test didapatkan hasil p=0,000 yang berarti terdapat peningkatan keseimbangan dinamis pada anak sekolah dasar dengan presentase peningkatan sebesar 11,65%. Sehingga kombinasi dari Core Stability Exercise dan Wobble Board dapat menjadi salah satu modifikasi latihan keseimbangan dinamis pada anak-anak

Permainan jintot merupakan permainan tradisional asal Kabupaten Tegal yang dijadikan perlombaan pada pesta siaga tingkat sekolah dasar. Permainan jintot secara umum hanya dipandang permainan tradisional saja akan tetapi jika ditelusuri ternyata sangat membutuhkan keseimbangan dan koordinasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membantu persiapan peserta lomba jintot dalam meningkatkan keseimbangan dan koordinasi sehingga memperoleh hasil yang maksimal dari lombat tersebut. Penelitian ini berupa quay eksperimental dengan treatment by subject design. Hasil penelitan ini menunjukan bahwa total sample ada 8 siswa dengan jenis kelamin laki–laki dan data tidak berdistribusi tidak normal. Hasil penelitian ini menjunjuka nilai p

Change of direction speed (CODS) is determined by several physical aspects, such as linear sprint speed, reactive strength and power of leg muscles. It appears that core strength may also play a role in CODS, however, its relationship to CODS remains unclear. The aim of this narrative review was to analyze the literature addressing a) the relationship between core strength and CODS and b) the effect of core strength training on CODS. This analysis revealed a significant relationship between the parameters of core strength and stability (the pressure of the activated core muscles during lower limb movement and the greatest mean force output of maximum volunteered contraction) and the time in the Agility T-Test. However, this parameter was not significantly related to the strength endurance of core muscles (total time in the plank test). Core training provides a sufficient stimulus for the development of CODS in less-skilled middle-adolescent athletes, while its effectiveness decreases in higher-skilled adult athletes. These findings indicate that core muscle strength contributes significantly to the change of direction speed. Core training is therefore useful for improving CODS.