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Soil contaminated by heavy metals, which is widespread in the world, has the characteristics of persistence and potential, so it is urgent to repair the soil contaminated by heavy metals and reduce the content of heavy metals in the soil. The remediation technology of heavy metal–contaminated soil has developed rapidly, and the remediation of soil leaching has attracted wide attention due to its short operation period and stable effect. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically summarize the current progress. In this paper, the present situation of heavy metal–contaminated soil and the research progress of heavy metal–contaminated soil remediation were summarized first, and then, the combined leaching method and the two-step leaching method of soil remediation technology were comprehensively evaluated and analyzed. Comparing the selected spray lotion, a chelating agent-chelating agent compound with optimal leaching effect, exploring its action principle and elution repair mechanism, is found, and due to different kinds of chelating agent chelating ability, chelating agent distribution can effectively complement the chelating properties. Therefore, this paper will contribute to a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of soil leaching remediation technology for heavy metal–contaminated sites and provide certain references for the development of heavy metal soil leaching remediation technology and the reasonable selection of leaching agents for heavy metal–contaminated soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to high metal toxicity, mixed municipal solid waste (MSW) compost is difficult to use. This study detected the presence of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn) in MSW compost through mineralogical analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and performed topographical imaging and elemental mapping using a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDX). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), a typical chelator, is tested to remove heavy metals from Indian MSW compost (New Delhi and Mumbai). It deals with two novel aspects, viz., (i) investigating the influence of EDTA-washing conditions, molarity, dosage, MSW compost-sample size, speed, and contact time, on their metal removal efficiencies, and (ii) maximizing the percentage removal of heavy metals by determining the optimal process control process parameters. These parameters were optimized in a batch reactor utilizing Taguchi orthogonal (L25) array. The optimization showed that the removal efficiencies were 96.71%, 47.37%, and 49.94% for Cd, Pb, and Zn in Delhi samples, whereas 45.55%, 79.52%, 59.63%, 82.31%, and 88.40% for Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn in Mumbai samples. Results indicate that the removal efficiency of heavy metals was greatly influenced by EDTA-molarity. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of hydroxyl group, which aids heavy metal chelation. The results reveal the possibility of EDTA to reduce the hazardous properties of MSW compost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pradana Zaky Romadhon,1,2 Ami Ashariati,3 Siprianus Ugroseno Yudho Bintoro,3 Mochammad Thaha,2 Satriyo Dwi Suryantoro,2 Choirina Windradi,2 Bagus Aulia Mahdi,3 Dwiki Novendrianto,3 Krisnina Nurul Widiyastuti,3 Okla Sekar Martani,3 Etha Dini Widiasi,3 Esthiningrum Dewi Agustin,3 Emil Prabowo,4 Yasjudan Rastrama Putra,5 Harik Firman Thahadian,5 Imam Manggalya Adhikara,5 Dwita Dyah Adyarini,5 Kartika Prahasanti,6 Aditea Etnawati Putri,7 Narazah Mohd Yusoff8 1Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; 3Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; 4Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; 5Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; 6Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia; 7Department of Clinical Pathology, Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; 8Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kepala Batas, Penang, MalaysiaCorrespondence: Ami Ashariati, Department of Internal Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Tel +62 811-328-104, Email amiashariati@yahoo.comObjective: The emerging renal complications in beta-thalassemia patients have raised the global exchange of views. Despite better survival due to blood transfusion and iron chelation therapy, the previously unrecognized renal complication remain a burden of disease affecting this population —the primary concern on how iron overload and chelation therapy correlated with renal impairment is still controversial. Early detection and diagnosis is crucial in preventing further kidney damage. Therefore, a systematic review was performed to identify markers of kidney complications in beta thalassemia patients with iron overload receiving chelation therapy.Methods: Searches of PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science were conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to identify studies of literature reporting renal outcome in β-TM patients with iron overload and receiving chelation therapy. The eligible 17 studies were obtained.Results: uNGAL/NGAL, uNAG/NAG, uKIM-1 are markers that can be used as predictor of renal tubular damage in early renal complications, while Cystatin C and uβ 2MG showed further damage at the glomerular level.Discussion and Conclusion: The renal complication in beta-thalassemia patients with iron overload receiving chelating agent therapy may progress to kidney disease. Early detection using accurate biological markers is a substantial issue that deserves further evaluation to determine prevention and management.Keywords: thalassemia, iron overload, chelating agent, kidney, health

Abstract Background Olfactory dysfunction is recognized as a symptom of COVID-19. Reports revealed the nasal calcium increase has adverse effects on olfactory function. Tetra sodium pyrophosphate, a chelating agent, can bind calcium and help improve olfaction. Methods Sixty-four patients with olfactory dysfunction persisting for more than 90 days after COVID-19 were recruited. Participants were divided into 2 groups that received either 0.9% sodium chloride or 1% tetra sodium pyrophosphate for topical application. Olfactory function was tested with the Sniffin' Sticks test before treatment and 1 month later. In addition, nasal calcium was determined with an ion-selective electrode. Results After topical application of tetra sodium pyrophosphate compared to sodium chloride, improvement from anosmia to hyposmia with decrease in calcium level was demonstrated. As for the results of tetra-sodium pyrophosphate, 81% showed improved olfactory function and 19% did not exhibit olfaction improvement. Conclusions Intranasal application of tetra sodium pyrophosphate may be associated with improvement in olfactory function after COVID -19 infection. Trial registration Ethical Committee of Damietta Faculty of Medicine approved this study on January 2021 (approval number, IRB 00012367-21-03-010).

Copyright of Inorganic Chemicals Industry is the property of Editorial Office of Inorganic Chemicals Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, CTS-GSH was prepared by grafting thiol (–SH) groups onto chitosan (CTS), which was characterized through Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectra, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Differential Thermal Analysis–Thermogravimetric Analysis (DTA-TG). The performance of CTS-GSH was evaluated by measuring Cr(VI) removal efficiency. The –SH group was successfully grafted onto CTS, forming a chemical composite, CTS-GSH, with a rough, porous and spatial network surface. All of the molecules tested in this study were efficient at removing Cr(VI) from the solution. The more CTS-GSH added, the more Cr(VI) removed. When a suitable dosage of CTS-GSH was added, Cr(VI) was almost completely removed. The acidic environment at pH 5–6 was beneficial for the removal of Cr(VI), and at pH 6, the maximum removal efficiency was achieved. Further experimentation showed that with 100.0 mg/L CTS-GSH for the disposal of 5.0 mg/L Cr(VI) solution, the removal rate of Cr(VI) reached 99.3% with a slow stirring time of 8.0 min and sedimentation time of 3 h; the presence of four common ions, including Mg2+, Ca2+, SO42− and CO32−, had an inhibitory effect on CTS-GSH's ability to remove Cr(VI) from the aqueous solution, and more CTS-GSH was needed to reduce this inhibiting action. Overall, CTS-GSH exhibited good results in Cr(VI) removal, and thus has good potential for the further treatment of heavy metal wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the leading pathogen responsible for food-borne illnesses. However, both infectious and non-infectious HuNoV can be detected by RT-qPCR. This study evaluated the efficiency of different capsid integrity treatments coupled with RT-qPCR or a long-range viral RNA (long RT-qPCR) detection to reduce the recovery rates of heat inactivated noroviruses and fragmented RNA. The three capsid treatments evaluated (RNase, the intercalating agent PMAxx and PtCl4) reduced the recovery of heat inactivated HuNoV and murine norovirus (MNV) spiked on lettuce, when combined with the ISO 15216-1:2017 extraction protocols. However, PtCl4 also reduced non-heat-treated noroviruses recovery as estimated by RT-qPCR. The PMAxx and RNase treatments had a similar effect on MNV only. The most efficient approaches, the RNase and PMAxx treatments, reduced the heat-inactivated HuNoV recovery rates estimated using RT-qPCR by 2 and >3 log, respectively. The long RT-qPCR detection approach also reduced the recovery rates of heat inactivated HuNoV and MNV by 1.0 and 0.5 log, respectively. Since the long-range viral RNA amplification could be applied to verify or confirm RT-qPCR results, it also provides some advantages by reducing the risk of false positive HuNoV results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electroplating & Finishing is the property of Electroplating & Finishing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the present study, a combination of nanosized chitosan with different biodegradable and natural polymers, including Pectin (PEC), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), sodium alginate (ALG), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) by using ionic gelation technique in the presence of Sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a crosslinker, was synthesized and considered a nanocarrier agent for curcumin. Analytical techniques such as UV–Vis Spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Polydispersity indexes (PDI), and zeta potential have been employed to characterize the nanocarriers. In addition to the morphological and physicochemical properties of the drug delivery systems obtained, the in vitro curcumin stability and loading capacity performance were investigated. FTIR results indicated the interaction between chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and other biopolymers to form the nanocarriers and also confirmed the successful curcumin loaded on the nanocarriers with the curcumin loading efficiency on all nanocarriers in the range of 58.00–60.40%. Further, the antioxidant activity of nanocarriers was examined by DPPH assay. Antioxidant activity of curcumin before and after encapsulation on the nanocarriers indicated that the encapsulation process had no disadvantageous effect on its antioxidant activity. The formed nanocarriers were exploited as biosorbents for chromium (VI) removal from an aqueous solution. The effects of pH, contact time, and initial chromium (VI) concentration were studied to optimize the conditions for maximum Cr(VI) adsorption. The Cur/Cs-ALG nanocarrier showed a suitable removal efficiency of 83% for Cr(VI) at pH 3. According to the Langmuir isotherm model, the maximum adsorption capacity of the nanocarriers for removing Cr(VI) was in the range of 217–400 mg g−1. The findings obtained from this research indicate that nanocarriers can act as excellent natural antioxidants, so these nano-complexes are appropriate not only for drug delivery systems but also for removing toxic metal ions. Therefore, we successfully encapsulated curcumin as a protective antioxidant by using nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers to remove chromium ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrokinetic remediation (EKR) is a promising technique for the treatment of contaminated soils and sediments. However, the application of EKR to metal(oid)-contaminated mine wastes with varying mineralogy and physicochemical properties has not been fully characterized. This paper evaluates the potential of EDTA-enhanced EKR as a means to remove trace metal(oid)s (Cu, Cd and As) and major metals (Fe, Al and Mg) from a phosphate mine tailings material. Controlled laboratory EKR experiments were performed, in which the electrolyte EDTA concentration was varied between 0.1 and 1 M and the voltage gradient between 24 and 32 V. Migration of the studied contaminants increased proportionally to increasing EDTA concentration and applied voltage gradient, and the obtained average removal efficiencies of Al, Mg, Cu, Cd and As reached up to 29%, 10%, 26%, 28% and 22%, respectively, within a week. Differences in metal mobilization could be explained by their mineral hosts and aqueous speciation under the imposed geochemical conditions during EKR, which were corroborated by aqueous geochemical equilibrium modeling using PHREEQC. Our results suggest that EKR could be a feasible remediation option for select metal(oid)-enriched mine waste fractions following further optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sulfonate-functionalized C-iso-butyl-calix[4]resorcinarene was synthesized by the sulfomethylation reaction from calix[4]resorcinarene with formaldehyde solution and sodium sulfite. Sulfonatomethylated calix[4]resorcinarene (C4RS) adopts a symmetrical bowl-shaped conformation in solution and has four methylene sulfonate groups with flexible structure, which provide the possibility of trapping specific metal ions. C4RS is an excellent metal chelating agent and recognizer with good water solubility in the surfactant solution. It is worth noting that C4RS shows selectivity of the Pb2+ ion over a variety of other competing metal ions such as Cr3+, Ag+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, Sb3+ and Cd2+. Using C4RS and Trtion X-114 as chelating and extractant agent, respectively, the procedure of cloud point extraction (CPE) could extract Pb2+ ion with high efficiency and selectivity. The method of CPE combined with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) showed low detection limit of 0.0006 mg L-1, high recovery rate and acceptable precision, and could apply to the determination of lead in the tap water and lake water.

Chelating agents are commonly employed in microelectronic processes to prevent metal ion contamination. The ligand fragments of a chelating agent largely determine its binding strength to metal ions. Identification of ligands with suitable characteristics will facilitate the design of chelating agents to enhance the capture and removal of metal ions from the substrate in microelectronic processes. This study employed quantum chemical calculations to simulate the binding process between eleven ligands and the hydrated forms of Ni2+, Cu2+, Al3+, and Fe3+ ions. The binding strength between the metal ions and ligands was quantified using binding energy and binding enthalpy. Additionally, we explored the binding interaction mechanisms and explained the differences in binding abilities of the eleven ligands using frontier molecular orbitals, nucleophilic indexes, electrostatic potentials, and energy decomposition calculations based on molecular force fields. Based on our computational results, promising chelating agent structures are proposed, aiming to guide the design of new chelating agents to address metal ion contamination issues in integrated circuit processes.

We studied the influence of the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) content used as combustion fuel when fabricating nickel oxide (NiO) nanocatalysts via solution combustion synthesis, as well as the growth behavior of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using this catalyst. Nickel nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO3)2∙6H2O) was used as the metal precursor (an oxidizer), and the catalysts were synthesized by adjusting the molar ratio of fuel (EDTA) to oxidizer in the range of 1:0.25 to 2.0. The results of the crystal structure analysis showed that as the EDTA content increased beyond the chemical stoichiometric balance with Ni(NO3)2∙6H2O (F/O = 0.25), the proportion of Ni metal within the catalyst particles decreased, and only single-phase NiO was observed. Among the synthesized catalysts, the smallest crystallite size was observed with a 1:1 ratio of Ni ions to EDTA. However, an increase in the amount of EDTA resulted in excessive fuel supply, leading to an increase in crystallite size. Microstructure analysis revealed porous NiO agglomerates due to the use of EDTA, and differences in particle growth based on the fuel ratio were observed. We analyzed the growth behavior of CNTs grown using NiO nanocatalysts through catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD). As the F/O ratio increased, it was observed that the catalyst particles grew excessively beyond hundreds of nanometers, preventing further CNT growth and leading to a rapid termination of CNT growth. Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze the structural characteristics of CNTs, and it was found that the ID/IG ratio indicated the highest CNT crystallinity near an F/O ratio of 1:1.

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of various endodontic irrigation regimens, using NaOCl followed by different agents for smear layer removal, on the surface and interface of Biodentine with dentine. Materials and methods: Furcal perforations were produced in 60 permanent mandibular molars. The walls of the perforated area were contaminated with blood and then perforations were covered with Biodentine and the teeth were divided into six groups (n = 10). In the control group, all irrigation procedures were performed using distilled water. In the other five groups 5.25% NaOCl was used as initial irrigant followed by: distilled water (DW group); 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA group); 37% phosphoric acid (PA group); 10% citric acid (CA group); and 7% maleic acid (MA group). The specimens were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after the irrigation procedure to evaluate the morphology of Biodentine on the surface. SEM images were analysed qualitatively using a score system (Score 0, no modification between initial and final images; Score 1, modification between initial and final images). Pushout bond strength test was performed 7 days after sample preparation. Data were statistically analysed using Kruskal--Wallis and Dunn tests (P < 0.05). Results: All irrigation regimens modified the topography of Biodentine. The regimens that used NaOCl/DW and NaOCl/EDTA showed significantly lower push-out bond strength values when compared to NaOCl/PA, NaOCl/CA, NaOCl/MA and control (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The regimens using NaOCl/DW or NaOCl/EDTA compromised the push-out bond strength results when compared with other groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the presented work, the possibility of direct synthesis of LDH (layered double hydroxide) on the AZ91 surface in the presence of a chelating agent (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid - DTPA) is reported. Conversion layer of LDH nanocontainers were formed under ambient pressure conditions without carbonate addition in the electrolyte. The obtained LDH was characterized using experimental (SEM, XRD, TGA, XPS, Raman, etc.) and computational methods (thermodynamic calculation, modeling of possible LDH crystal structures). A comparison of three possible LDHs (LDH-OH, -NO3 and -CO3) was performed. Based on the experimental results and crystal simulation approach, it was confirmed, that the mixed LDH-OH/CO3 is grown on the surface in the presence of DTPA pentasodium salt.

The present study compared the Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) of children with thalassemia major and typically developing children. A total of 16 children participated in this study. Group I included 8 children with thalassemia major regularly undergoing blood transfusions and chelating therapy. Group II included 8 age and gender-matched typically developing children. All children in both groups had hearing sensitivity within normal limits. The Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) was recorded monaurally for click stimuli from both ears. Results showed that the mean latencies of peaks of ABR were similar in both groups. The mean peak amplitude of peaks I and V of the ABR were different between groups, but it was not statistically significant. The present study showed no abnormality in the latency and amplitude of peaks of the ABR in children with thalassemia major with hearing sensitivity within normal limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry / Zhongguo Wuji Fenxi Huaxue is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Exogenous application of chelants is a common way to enhance the phytoextraction of heavy metals. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influences of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), Cd and Pb, L-glutamic acid N, N-diacetic acid (GLDA) and ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA) on the growth, Cd and Pb accumulation of Sedum hybridum 'Immergrunchen'. The results showed that Sedum hybridum 'Immergrunchen' had a high tolerance to Pb treatment, followed by Cd-Pb treatment. The plant was sensitive to Cd stress. EDTA treatment was more harmful to plant growth than that of GLDA treatment. The optimal Cd concentration of shoot and root reached 27.6 mg·kg−1 and 32.6 mg·kg−1, 757 mg·kg−1 and 1,025 mg·kg−1for Pb accumulation at 100–1,500 mg·kg−1. The maximum Cd and Pb phytoextraction from 3 mmol·kg−1 GLDA treatment were 1.40 and 1.73 times as much as that of the control, 1.21 and 1.02 times under 6 mmol·kg−1 EDTA treatment. Therefore, the enhanced phytoremediation of GLDA to Cd and Pb co-contaminated soil was better than that of EDTA. GLDA-assisted phytoextraction of Cd and Pb by Sedum hybridum 'Immergrunchen' can be considered as a promising way to phytoremediate Cd and Pb co-contaminated soil. Sedum hybridum 'Immergrunchen', characterized by strong resistance to waterlogging, draught, salt and zinc, high propagating rate, long green period and high ornamental value, was used as the experimental material. Here, we investigated the best phytoremediation effect of Sedum hybridum 'Immergrunchen' to Cd-Pb stress, GLDA and EDTA assisted phytoremediation potential of Sedum hybridum 'Immergrunchen' for Cd and Pb contaminated soil under the best phytoremediation concentration. The results indicated that Cd and Pb phytoextraction under 3 mmol·kg−1GLDA treatment increased by 39.8% and 73.4% compared with the control, while increased by 21.0% and 1.80% under 6 mmol·kg−1EDTA. More importantly, Pb concentration of shoot in Sedum hybridum 'Immergrunchen' reached the criteria of hyperaccumulators under 3 mmol·kg−1 GLDA treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: COVID-19 has been associated with temporary olfactory dysfunction in many infected patients. Calcium plays a great role in the olfaction process with negative feedback for the olfaction transmission. Many reports demonstrated calcium elevation in the nasal secretions with a negative effect on olfaction. Sodium gluconate is a water-soluble salt with a chemical structure that lends to act as a highly efficient chelating agent. It can bind the elevated calcium in the nasal secretions reducing the adverse effects on olfactory function. Objective: To evaluate the impact of intranasal sodium gluconate on decreasing the rise of nasal calcium and improving the sense of smell in patients with olfactory dysfunction post-COVID-19 infection. Methods: Fifty patients with a history of confirmed COVID-19 suffering from olfactory dysfunction persisted more than 90 days after severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 negative testing were included in a prospective randomized blinded controlled clinical trial. Patients were divided into 2 equal groups, receiving either 0.9% sodium chloride or 1% sodium gluconate. Olfactory function was assessed before treatment and 1 month later using the Sniffin' Sticks test. Quantitative analysis of the nasal calcium concentration was performed before treatment and 1 month later using a laboratory-designed screen-printed ion-selective electrode. Results: After using sodium gluconate, the measured olfactory scores indicated a clinical improvement from anosmia to hyposmia compared to the nonimprovement sodium chloride receiving group. Also, a remarked decrease in the calcium nasal concentration was observed after using sodium gluconate compared to sodium chloride. Conclusion: Based on the proposed results, sodium gluconate may associate with an improvement of the olfactory dysfunction post-COVID-19 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-rich layered cathode materials are regarded as promising candidates for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high specific capacity and superior energy density. The present work adopts a citric acid-assisted sol–gel method to synthesize cobalt-free Li-rich Li1.17Ni0.34Mn0.5O2 cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. The crystal structure and surface morphology were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively. The electrochemical performance was evaluated by charge–discharge cycling tests and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The as-synthesized cathode exhibits a well-ordered layered structure consisting of LiMO2 and Li2MnO3 phases. When subjected to charge–discharge cycle at C/10 rate in the voltage window of 2.0–4.8 V, the Li1.17Ni0.34Mn0.5O2 cathode exhibited charge and discharge capacities of 320.8 and 242.4 mAh g−1, respectively, with an irreversible capacity of 78.4 mAh g−1 and coulombic efficiency of 75.6%, in the initial cycle. Cycling studies showed capacity retention of 91.6 % at C/10 after 100 cycles and 85 % at 1C after 150 cycles. Moreover, the material also possesses an excellent rate performance. Thus, the Li-rich cobalt-free cathode material presented here exhibits good specific capacity, rate capability, and cycle life, making it a promising candidate for low cost and high energy density lithium-ion cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, iron was recovered from a kind of iron-rich pickling sludge by an acid leaching process, and the recycled iron was used as a catalyst to activate peroxydisulfate (PS) for the degradation of phenol. Different kinds of sludge catalysts were prepared by different drying methods such as ordinary drying (Ods), freeze drying (Fds) and vacuum drying (Vds). The degradation performance of the different catalysts/PS system under different conditions was explored, the vacuum drying sludge catalyst (Vds) has the best activity in a wide pH range (pH = 3–10) and a wide temperature range (0–40 °C). At the same time, the effect of a series of chelating agents (Oxalic acid (OA), Citric acid (CA), Tartaric acid (TA), Malic acid (DL-MA) and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)) on Vds/PS system was verified, and TA was selected as the best chelating agent to promote the degradation of the second stage where the degradation rate is limited. The quenching experiment and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis indicated that hydroxyl radical (·OH) and sulfate radical (SO4̇−) were responsible for the abatement of the organic contaminant with ·OH playing a more important role. In summary, this study proposed an environmentally-friendly approach for the application of iron-rich pickling sludge in the remediation of phenol-contaminated water. HIGHLIGHTS An effective method was found to recover iron from pickling sludge to activate persulfate for phenol degradation.; The reaction continued more effectively in the subsequent stage after TA was added.; Vds/PS/TA system has the potential of application in a wide pH range (pH = 3–10) and a wide temperature range (0–40 °C).;

• Duomeen TTM exhibited poor foam stability, which significantly improved with decreasing GLDA pH. • Armovis VES demonstrated remarkable CO 2 foam performance, with half-life times exceeding 240 min. • Reducing the GLDA pH enhanced the CO 2 -VES faomability. • Combining Duomeen TTM and Armovis VES yielded the highest foam viscosity due to a synergistic interaction between the surfactants. The injection of CO 2 foam into the carbonate reservoir for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has attracted special interest in the last decades; nevertheless, the understanding of the effect of liquid solution chemistry on foam stability at high temperatures and salinities is limited. Hence, this paper fully investigates the effect of chelating agents L-glutamic acid-N, N-diacetic acid (GLDA) pH, and hydrochloric acid (HCl) on the stability and viscosity of generated CO 2 foam for heterogeneous carbonate formation under reservoir conditions. In this paper, Duomeen TTM and Armovis VES surfactants were utilized due to their capabilities to produce viscous CO 2 foam under harsh conditions. The foamability, foam stability, and foam structure were studied at 100 °C and 1000 psi using a high-temperature and high-pressure (HPHT) foam analyzer. The measurement of CO 2 foam viscosity was determined at 100 °C, 1000 psi, and 70 % foam quality using the HPHT foam rheometer. Rheology experiments and dynamic light scattering investigated the micelle's size or aggregation behavior of surfactants. The obtained results showed that the Duomeen TTM generated unstable foam; however, foam stability and foamability improved with the decrease in GLDA pH. Armovis VES showed excellent CO 2 foam performance, where the foam half-life time of Armovis VES systems was 240 min. The liquid drainage and bubble coarsening were delayed due to the formation of the viscoelastic liquid phase. The foamability of Armovis VES was improved as the GLDA pH decreased. Furthermore, the addition of HCl to Armovis VES solution presented the highest foamability. The outcomes of the HPHT foam analyzer and HPHT viscometer proved that as the pH of Armovis VES solution decreased, higher foamability was produced. The highest foam viscosity was obtained using the synergic effect of 0.5 wt% Duomeen TTM and 0.5 wt% Armovis VES (39 cp at 100/s). In comparison, 1 wt% Armovis VES presented the lowest foam viscosity (30 cp at 100/s). The outcomes of this research can provide insight into the effect of chemistry on CO 2 foam and extend its application in oilfield development. This work broadens the design of novel CO 2 foam formulation, leading to the improvement of sweep efficiency in CO 2 -EOR methods and enhance the gas trapping in carbon storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marble is one of the materials most susceptible to copper leaching, resulting in easily identifiable turquoise stains on the marble. This problem is particularly relevant when we are talking about marble structures of heritage value. For this reason, conservators look for cleaning materials that are specific to the structure to be treated without damaging the original surface. Materials such as agar have been studied for a long time. Agar creates a controlled water release system that adapts to the needs of conservators who seek the greatest possible cleanliness without damaging the material to be treated. To improve the cleaning, chelating agents such as EDTA are added to the agar composition. However, the microbiological growth and the damage it produces to the original material are disadvantages to take into account. In order to solve these problems, other natural materials with cleaning potential such as kudzu and konjac gels were studied in combination with other chelating agents such as citrate, oxalate, and gluconic acid. For the characterization and evaluation of copper cleaning, various analytical techniques were used, including Raman spectroscopy, colorimetry, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In this study, both konjac and kudzu emerged as promising alternatives to agar, revealing distinctive features such as simplified preparation methods and inherent antimicrobial properties. The EDTA chelator was found to be the most harmful for marble surfaces, as it extracted a greater amount of calcium from the marble during application of the gels doped with it. Citrate and gluconic acid have been identified as a promising substitute to prepare doped gels for the removal of copper stains. These compounds exhibit comparable or potentially superior cleaning capabilities than EDTA, with no negative side effects.

Chelating agents’ application for well stimulation is gaining more and more interest, as they can perform under harsh conditions. However, the mutual influence of surfactants and chelating agents on the wettability alteration of hydrophobic carbonate rock under conditions of high-temperature well stimulation is relatively unexplored. This paper aims to study interfacial processes on the surface of hydrophobic rock in the presence of the EDTA-based chelating agent and surfactants of different classes. Cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB, and cetylpyridinium bromide, CPB), anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS), and amhoteric (alkyldimethyl aminooxide, AO) surfactants were studied. Wettability alteration of model hydrophobic rock was studied under conditions specific to well stimulation. It was shown that chelating agent (CA) alone and its mixture with SDS could not lead to sufficient wettability alteration. CTAB, CPB, and AO were able to change the wettability effectively. A synergistic effect between CA and these surfactants was observed and a possible mechanism was proposed. AO was selected as the most promising surfactant. The influence of surfactant on the CA’s dissolution capacity towards carbonate rock was investigated; dissolution capacity strongly depends on wettability alteration. Finally, the effect of CA, AO, and their mixture on the wettability of aged reservoir rock was studied and the absence of negative effects was proven.

As a wafer cleaning process, RCA (Radio Corporation of America) cleaning is mainly used. However, RCA cleaning has problems such as instability of bath life, re-adsorption of impurities and high-temperature cleaning. Herein, we tried to improve the purity of silicon wafers by using a chelating agent (oxalic acid) to solve these problems. Compounds produced by the reaction between the cleaning solution and each metal powder were identified by referring to the pourbaix diagram. All metals exhibited a particle size distribution of 10 μm or more before reaction, but a particle size distribution of 500 nm or less after reaction. In addition, it was confirmed that the metals before and after the reaction showed different absorbances. As a result of elemental analysis on the surface of the reclaimed silicon wafer cleaned through such a cleaning solution, it was confirmed that no secondary phase was detected other than Si.

To compare the chelation effect on dentin-root microhardness and surface topography between 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), a commonly used chelating agent, and a potential chelating agent 25% copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid (Poly (AA-co-MA). Eleven extracted, well-preserved maxillary incisors were used. After the routine procedure of endodontic instrumentation, the roots were longitudinally split, dividing them into two halves. The samples were randomly divided into three groups of seven each (n=7). Group one was subjected to 17% EDTA. Group two was subjected to 25% Poly (AA-co-MA). Group 3 was used as a control group and treated only with saline. The chelating agents and saline were applied in a standardized method. The microhardness was evaluated using the Vickers Hardness test which was applied in three different spots on every half tooth. The surface topography was evaluated under Scanning Electronic Microscope. Paired t-test and Post Hoc tests with analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to estimate the impact of the chelating agents on the dentin-root microhardness and to compare the two agents. A significant difference in the microhardness was observed within Group 1 and Group 2 (before/after) (p<0.05), but no significant difference was seen between Groups 1 and 2 (p>0.05). A scanning electron microscope revealed the clear impact of EDTA and Poly (AA-co-MA) in the removal of the smear layer compared with saline. Within the limitations of this study, it is concluded that 25% Poly (AA-co-MA) can be used as a chelating agent. It has an equal effect to 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in reducing the dentin-root microhardness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of irrigating solutions and chelating agents during root canal treatment is an indispensable step; attempts to develop an irrigating solution with effective chelating and antibacterial properties are ongoing. This study aimed to compare the antibacterial efficacy of etidronate mixed with 5.25% NaOCl or with normal saline, 1% nano-chitosan (NCP), to an experimental combination of etidronate, NaOCl, and NCP against E.faecalis biofilm. After the bacteria were incubated for 48 hours, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined on E.faecalis ATCC 4083 strain. E. faecalis biofilm model was created, and irrigated with different solutions as follows: Group (1): 5.25% NaOCl, Group (2): 1% NCP, Group (3): etidronate/5.25% NaOCl, Group (4): etidronate/saline, Group (5): etidronate/1% NCP/5.25%NaOCl, Group (6): 1% NCP / 5.25% NaOCl. Quantification of cell biomass and the percentage of live and dead cells in the biomass was assessed for each group. The highest mean value of bacteria was for the NCP (0.61±0.12) followed by etidronate/saline (0.15±0.00). The NCP and etidronate/saline groups showed significant differences from each other and are significantly higher bacteria than other groups. Etidronate / NaOCl, Etidronate/NaOCl/NCP, and NaOCl/NCP showed significantly higher values than the negative control group (NaOCl) which showed the lowest values. Mixing the Etidronate (Dual Rinse® HEDP) with 5.25% NaOCl showed a significantly higher bactericidal effect compared to mixing with saline. 1% nano chitosan was ineffective against E.faecalis biofilm. Mixing 1% nano-chitosan with Etidronate and NaOCl does not improve the antibiofilm activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhanced phytoextraction of metals using amendments and hyperaccumulator plants is a promising alternative to expensive traditional remediation techniques. The present study comprehensively investigated the effects of six amendments on both mobility and phytoextraction of Cd and the feasibility of integrating amendment with Ramie as a hyperaccumulator plant on Cd-contaminated soil remediation. The leaching of Cd from contaminated soil was significantly enhanced by two chelating agents (i.e., ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and ethyleneglycoltetraacetic acid (EGTA)), followed by two natural organic acids (i.e., citric acid and tartaric acid), and lastly, two rhizobacteria (i.e., Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens). Further, the application of EDTA and EGTA had inhibitory effects on the growth of Ramie. The application of two organic acids and two rhizobacteria increased the dry biomass yields of roots, stems, and leaves. In terms of the dry biomass of Ramie, 32.7, 23.4, 50.6, and 53.1% of increases were obtained from the applications of citric acid, tartaric acid, B. subtilis, and P. fluorescens, respectively, as compared with that without any amendment applied. Meanwhile, the applications of all amendments were observed to increase Cd concentrations in aerial parts of the plants, and they were ranked in descending order of Cd accumulation: EDTA > EGTA > tartaric acid > citric acid > B. subtilis ≈ P. fluorescens. Taking Cd removal efficiency, potential environmental risk, and economic factor into consideration, EDTA and citric acid-enhanced phytoremediation using Ramie were feasible and promising approaches for remediating Cd-contaminated soil in real practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Olfactory dysfunction is recognized as a symptom of COVID-19. Reports revealed the nasal calcium increase has adverse effects on olfactory function. Tetra sodium pyrophosphate, a chelating agent, can bind calcium and help improve olfaction. Methods: Sixty-four patients with olfactory dysfunction persisting for more than 90 days after COVID-19 were recruited. Participants were divided into 2 groups that received either 0.9% sodium chloride or 1% tetra sodium pyrophosphate for topical application. Olfactory function was tested with the Sniffin' Sticks test before treatment and 1 month later. In addition, nasal calcium was determined with an ion-selective electrode. Results: After topical application of tetra sodium pyrophosphate compared to sodium chloride, improvement from anosmia to hyposmia with decrease in calcium level was demonstrated. As for the results of tetra-sodium pyrophosphate, 81% showed improved olfactory function and 19% did not exhibit olfaction improvement. Conclusions: Intranasal application of tetra sodium pyrophosphate may be associated with improvement in olfactory function after COVID -19 infection. Trial registration Ethical Committee of Damietta Faculty of Medicine approved this study on January 2021 (approval number, IRB 00012367-21-03-010). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decolourization of an aqueous solution of the textile dye Acid Red 88 (AR88) and the control of the invasive plant species Acacia dealbata Link. (ADL) were addressed in this work. The aims of the study were (1) characterization of the ADL pollen, (2) application of the pollen powder in adsorption processes, (3) selection of the best operational conditions for nitriloacetic acid (NTA)-UV-A-Fenton process and (4) assess the efficiency of the combined treatment adsorption and NTA-UV-A-Fenton in AR88 decolourization. In a first step, ADL pollen was used as a AR88 bioadsorbent. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis were performed and revealed the presence of proteins, fatty acids, carbohydrates and lignin in the pollen. Afterwards, trough scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was possible to verify that ADL pollen has several empty spaces that can be used for dye adsorption. Biosorption results showed higher adsorption of AR88 with application of pH 3.0 and [pollen] = 3.0 g/L with 18.8 mg/g of dye adsorbed. The best fitting was observed with Langmuir, SIPS and Jovanovic isotherms (0.993, 0.996 and 0.994, respectively). To complement the biosorption, a UV-A-Fenton process was applied, and results showed a higher AR88 removal with (NTA) addition. Higher irradiance power favored the oxidation process with high Ф photodegradation value and low Electric Energy per Order ( E EO ) and Specific Applied Energy ( E SAE ). The combination of biosorption with NTA-UV-A-Fenton was the most efficient system with an AR88 decolourization of 98.5% and a total organic carbon (TOC) removal of 83.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The stability of soil organic matter (SOM) is crucial for metal transport and carbon cycling. S,S-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) is widely used to enhance phytoremediation efficiency for heavy metals in contaminated soils, yet its specific impacts on SOM have been underexplored. This study investigates the effects of EDDS on SOM stability using a rhizobox experiment with ryegrass. Changes in soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) quantity and molecular composition were analyzed via Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Results showed that the use of EDDS increased the uptake of Cu, Cd and Pb by ryegrass, but simultaneously induced the destabilization and transformation of SOM. After 7 days of EDDS application, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) concentrations in rhizosphere soils increased significantly by 3.44 and 10.2 times, respectively. In addition, EDDS reduced lipids (56.3%) and proteins/amino sugars-like compounds (52.1%), while increasing tannins (9.11%) and condensed aromatics-like compounds (24.4%) in the rhizosphere DOM. These effects likely stem from EDDS's dual action: extracting Fe/Al from SOM-mineral aggregates, releasing SOM into the DOM pool, and promoting microbial degradation of bioavailable carbon through chain scission and dehydration. Our study firstly revealed that the application of EDDS in phytoremediation increased the mineralization of SOM and release of CO 2 from soil to the atmosphere, which is important to assess the carbon budget of phytoremediation and develop climate-smart strategy in future., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Electroplating & Finishing is the property of Electroplating & Finishing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are an excellent eco-friendly fluorescence material, ideal for various ecological testing systems. Herein, we establish uniform microwave synthesis of the group of carbon quantum dots with specific functionalization of ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, and three types of Trilon (A, B and C) with chelate claws -C-NH3. CQDs' properties were studied and applied in order to sense metal cations in an aquatic environment. The results provide the determination of the fluorescence quench in dots by pollutant salts, which dissociate into double-charged ions. In particular, the chemical interactions with CQDs' surface in the Irving–Williams series (IWs) via functionalization of the negatively charged surface were ascribed. CQD-En and CQD-Dien demonstrated linear fluorescence quenching in high metal cation concentrations. Further, the formation of claws from Trilon A, Trilon B, and C effectively caught the copper and nickel cations from the solution due to the complexation on CQDs' surface. Moreover, CQD-Trilon C presented chelating properties of the surface and detected five cations (Cu2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+) from 0.5 mg/mL to 1 × 10−7 mg/mL in the Irving–William's series. Dependence was mathematically attributed as an equation (ML regression model) based on the constant of complex formation. The reliability of the data was 0.993 for the training database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid scale formation in oil wells, which disrupts oil production (US$1100 million reduction in cash flow), can be controlled using chemical solvents. Solvents containing carboxylic and amine functional groups play an important role in solid-scale dissolution. In this work, intermolecular interactions of carboxylic and amine groups in glutamic acid diacetic acid (GLDA) and glutamic acid diacetic acid tetrasodium salt (GLDA-Na4) with the metal ion in calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and iron(II) sulphide (FeS) were evaluated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. A strong intermolecular interaction was seen between the carbonyl group and Ca ions at radial distribution function of 2.25 Å with probability, g(r), of 2.87 for GLDA. The g(r) increased to 4.16 for GLDA-Na4 with a higher probability. The carbonyl group also shows a stronger interaction at a distance of 2.25 Å with Fe ions but a higher probability of 6.88 for GLDA and 10.17 for GLDA-Na4. In the experimental work, the dissolution test using ICP-OES analysis demonstrated that the GLDA-based solid-scale dissolver dissolved 14,166 ppm Ca and 11,135 ppm Fe. This is in agreement with the strong interaction shown by the MD study and SEM surface images. In addition, glutamic acid tetrafluoroborate (GluBF4) was synthesised and showed the potential to be a CaCO3 dissolver; 2381 ppm of CaCO3 and 100 ppm BaSO4 dissolved in GluBF4 at 4 v/w%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the presented work, the possibility of direct synthesis of LDH (layered double hydroxide) on the AZ91 surface in the presence of a chelating agent (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid - DTPA) is reported. Conversion layer of LDH nanocontainers were formed under ambient pressure conditions without carbonate addition in the electrolyte. The obtained LDH was characterized using experimental (SEM, XRD, TGA, XPS, Raman, etc.) and computational methods (thermodynamic calculation, modeling of possible LDH crystal structures). A comparison of three possible LDHs (LDH-OH, -NO 3 and -CO 3) was performed. Based on the experimental results and crystal simulation approach, it was confirmed, that the mixed LDH-OH/CO 3 is grown on the surface in the presence of DTPA pentasodium salt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, a new understanding of the application of biosurfactant, saponin, has been explored, over nitric and citric acids, as an electrolyte for the remediation of chromium from tannery sludge using the electrokinetic process. The interaction effects of independent variables [such as electrolyte molarity (M) and applied voltage (V)] and the output responses were studied using the statistical tool, response surface methodology. A significant correlation has been established between responses such as chromium removal, electrolytes consumption and power consumption for the selected independent variables. In terms of total chromium removal, saponin showed maximum effectiveness of 80.01% as compared to 72.37% of citric acid and 67.06% of nitric acid removal efficiency with lowest electrolyte consumption. The proposed mechanistic strategy for maximum removal efficiency with saponin over selected electrolytes can be attributed to the synchronized effects of micelles formation and sequential complexation along with adsorption of chromium ions during electromigration process. Also, the results derived from the sequential extraction analysis revealed that the saponin-treated electrokinetic process successfully increases the transformation rate of labile speciation (i.e., exchangeable and reducible fractions) to stable speciation (i.e., oxidizable and residual fractions) of chromium. This affirmed its lower risk of recontamination during its disposal. Thus, the removal efficiency and transformation of active metal fraction into a non-reactive fraction by saponin have been highly commended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electroplating & Finishing is the property of Electroplating & Finishing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Wilson disease (WD) is a genetic disorder of copper storage, resulting in pathological accumulation of copper in the body. Because symptoms are generally related to the liver, chelating agents capable of capturing excess copper ions after targeted delivery to the liver are highly required for the treatment of WD. Methods We developed hyaluronate-diaminohexane/black phosphorus (HA-DAH/BP) complexes for capturing copper ions accumulated in the liver for the treatment of WD. Results HA-DAH/BP complexes showed high hepatocyte-specific targeting efficiency, selective copper capturing capacity, excellent biocompatibility, and biodegradability. HA enhanced the stability of BP nanosheets and increased copper binding capacity. In vitro cellular uptake and competitive binding tests verified targeted delivery of HA-DAH/BP complexes to liver cells via HA receptor mediated endocytosis. The cell viability test confirmed the high biocompatibility of HA-DAH/BP complexes. Conclusion HA-DAH/BP complexes would be an efficient copper chelating agent to remove accumulated copper in the liver for the WD treatment.

[Display omitted] • This study explores THP's potential in H 2 O 2 detection for the first time. • The developed sensor shows a low limit of detection of 144 nM. • Promising results highlight potential in biomedical diagnostics. Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) detection is paramount in biological and clinical domains due to its pivotal role in various physiological and pathological processes. This molecule is a crucial metabolite and effector in cellular redox mechanisms, influencing diverse cellular signaling pathways and bolstering the body's defense mechanisms against infection and oxidative stress. Organic molecule-based electrodes present unique advantages such as operational versatility and scalability, rendering them attractive candidates for sensor development across diverse fields encompassing food safety, healthcare, and environmental monitoring. This study explores the electrochemical properties of a tris(3-hydroxypyridin-4-one) THP, which has been unexplored in electrochemical sensing. Leveraging THP's chelating properties, we aimed to develop an electrochemical probe for hydrogen peroxide detection. Our investigations reveal promising results, with the developed sensor exhibiting a low limit of detection (LOD) of 144 nM, underscoring its potential utility in sensitive and selective H 2 O 2 detection applications. In addition, the new sensor was also tested on fetal bovine serum (FBS) to emphasize future applications on biological matrices. This research signifies a significant stride in advancing electrochemical sensor technologies for hydrogen peroxide detection with several novelties related to the usage of THP, such as high sensitivity and selectivity, performance in biological matrices, repeatability, stability, and reproducibility, economical and practical advantages. This research opens new avenues for enhanced biomedical diagnostics and therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we investigated the effects of parameters, including reaction time, reaction temperature, the mass ratio (mcat./mfeed), and volume ratio (VH2O2/Vfeed) on sulfur removal conversion of light naphtha under oxidative desulfurization (ODS) reaction. So to achieve this goal, several active catalysts are prepared while molybdenum (Mo) was used as an active metal. Nickel (Ni) was the promoter. 𝛾-alumina (𝛾-Al2O3) was used as a support and modified by chelate agents such as citric acid (C6H8O7), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), Sorbitol, and urea ((NH4)2CO). These catalysts were synthesized by using the wetness impregnation in-situ method. Then they were applied to the ODS process for light naphtha. These catalysts were characterized by N2adsorption-desorption isotherms (BET, BJH), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), and FT-IR analysis. The catalyst that synthesized in the presence of sorbitol, had the best performance. The optimization conditions for this catalyst were m (catalyst)/m (feed)= 0.013, reaction temperature of 35 °C, 50 mL of feed, 0.5 g of catalyst, 1 hour reaction time, and V (H2O2)/VFeed = 0.045. It revealed the maximum performance for ODS reaction of the real feed. Under these circumstances, the sulfur of light naphtha decreased from 160 ppm to 38 ppm during the reaction.

In this research, various organic additives (as a chelating agent) were used to prepare NiMo/ 𝛾-Al2O3 bimetallic catalysts. Then effects of additives and pH variation were studied on textural properties, morphology, and size of nanocatalyst particles, interaction, and loading of active metals on a support. Additionally, this research evaluated the activity of catalysts and compared them with commercial and catalysts in the absence of additives. The metal oxide nanoparticles were prepared and impregnated on 𝛾-Al2O3 in-situ by using the wetness impregnation method, under conditions 60°C and calcination temperature 520°C. The supported nanocatalyst was calcined to remove the volatile materials and gases. The catalysts were characterized by TPR, BET, BJH, AAS, FT-IR, SEM, and XRD. The prepared nanocatalyst displayed the enhanced catalytic activity for the heavy oil hydrodesulfurization (HDS) containing 21 g/L sulfur. At the acidic pH, the activity of the catalyst was promoted by using EDTA compound as a chelating agent. The sulfur content of the feed was decreased up to 2 g/L at 380°C, 60 bar, and LHSV 1.5h-1 showing an efficient catalyst with the conversion of 90.47%.

Conventional methods of metal recovery involving solvents have raised environmental concerns. To address these concerns and promote sustainable resource recovery, we explored the use of deep eutectic solvents (DES) and chelating agents (CA) as more environmentally friendly alternatives. Goethite and blast oxide slag dust (BOS-D) from heap piles at their respective sites and characterised via ICP-MS. The greatest extraction of critical metals was from goethite, removing 38% of all metals compared to 21% from the blast oxide slag. Among the tested CA, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) was the most effective, while for DES, choline chloride ethylene glycol (ChCl-EG) demonstrated superior performance in extracting metals from both blast oxide slag dust and goethite. The study further highlighted the selectivity for transition metals and metalloids was influenced by the carboxyl groups of DES. Alkaline metals and rare earth lanthanides extractions were favoured with DES due to improved mass transfer and increased denticity, respectively. In comparison to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), typically used for metal extraction, CA and DES showed comparable extraction efficiency for Fe, Cu, Pb, Li, Al, Mn, and Ni. Using these greener chelators and solvents for metal extraction show significant promise in enhancing the sustainability of solvometallurgy. Additional conditions e.g., temperature and agitation combined with a cascading leaching process could further enhance metal extraction potential. • Extraction efficiencies of DES and CA using metallurgical deposits. • Yield ranged 21–38% of all metals on goethite and blast oxide slags respectively. • Nitrilotriacetic acid most effective chelating agent. • Choline chloride-ethylene glycol was best performing deep eutectic solvent. • CA and DES compared favourably to EDTA for key metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Conditions of Li-Al LDH growth on the surface of AA2024 alloy were optimised. • Li-Al LDH prepared in the presence of NH 4 OH showed the highest corrosion protection. • Its high protection was related to the formation of complexes between NH 4 OH and Cu. AA2024 aluminium alloy is widely used in the aerospace industry. However, it is known to be highly susceptible to localised corrosion, which is related to its complex microstructure, mainly the presence of numerous Cu-rich intermetallic particles. One of the effective solutions to increase their corrosion resistance relies on the formation of layered double hydroxide (LDH) based conversion coatings (CC). This investigation aims to understand how the conditions of in situ Li-Al LDH-CO 3 2-/OH– CC growth affect their further protective ability. For that purpose, concentration of reactants (0.05–0.15 M Li 2 CO 3), pH of the electrolyte (10–12), temperature (30–50 °C) and treatment time (15 min-30 h) were systematically varied. Additionally to that, NH 4 OH was applied as a chelating agent for the synthesis of Li-Al LDH-CO 3 2-/OH– as well as for the pH control. The obtained protective coatings were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), Raman spectroscopy, salt spray test (SST) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Among all varied parameters, involvement of chelating agent was found to be the most efficient for the formation of a coating with the highest level of corrosion protection. This is attributed to the formation of soluble complexes between NH 4 OH and Cu, resulting in dissolution of the intermetallics. It also prevents further redeposition of Cu species and consequently, the formation of new highly active Cu cathodes on the AA2024 alloy surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• nZVIs were mainly distributed in the livers and spleens of mice. • Liver showed inflammation at 14th d gavage, while the other organs did not. • nZVIs did not affect the mice body weight or on the weight of the organs. • nZVIs caused liver inflammation in mice, but were not significantly toxic to mice. • Chelators have no notable effects on the distribution and toxicity of nZVI in mice. In this study, the distribution and toxicity of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) and nZVIs coated with citric acid and sodium tripolyphosphate (CA-nZVI and STPP-nZVI) in mice were investigated. nZVIs were primarily found in the livers and spleens, followed by the lungs, hearts, and kidneys. Histologic analysis revealed no significant histopathologic abnormalities or lesions in all organs except the liver at 14th d gavage. nZVIs did not have a noticeable impact on the body weight of the mice or the weight of their organs. Compared with the control group, there were no significant changes in hematology indexes in the nZVIs groups. However, the nZVIs groups exhibited varying levels of elevation in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatinine, suggesting liver and kidney inflammation in mice. The up-regulation of Nuclear Factor erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 and Heme oxygenase 1 in the nZVIs groups may be a response to nZVIs-induced oxidative stress. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the inflammatory response induced by the three nZVI groups. Chelating agents did not have a significant impact on the distribution or toxicity of nZVIs in mice. This study contributes to a comprehensive and detailed insight into nZVI toxicity in the environmental field. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]