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The research covers social and geographic peculiarities of the migration processes in Kirovohrad Region from 2005 to 2014 where the negative tendencies of the main kinds of migration were observed during the indicated period. The basic indicators such as: migration turnover, ratio of arrival and departure intensity, general ratio of migration intensity, ratio of turnover intensity, have been also calculated.Kirovohrad Region has the biggest negative general ratio of migration decrease per 10,000 of current population which makes -8.6. The smallest migration turnover was observed in 2009 and comprised 26,180 persons. The biggest one was observed in 2012 and made 35,109 persons. General ratio of migration intensity of all streams was changing from -5.1 in 2005 to -0.9 in 2014. The tendencies for the ratio increase were registered in interregional migration and ranged from -5.0 in 2005 tо -1.2 in 2014. In international migration this index varied from -0.14 tо 0.36. A group of districts with negative migration balance was singled out. They are Vilshanskyi, Dobrovelychkivskyi, Znamianskyi, Novoukrainskyi, Ustynivskyi, Oleksanderivskyi, Oleksandriiskyi Districts. A considerable positive migration balance is characteristic only of the most economically developed one, Kirovohrad District. Interregional migration streams are directed to Dnipropetrovsk, Kyiv, Odesa, Cherkasy Regions. The biggest migration gain was from Donetsk and Luhansk Regions in 2014 due to internally displaced people.The international migration of Kirovohrad region population is characterized by the rates growth of migration increase from negative indicators in 2005 (-153 persons) to positive in 2014 (360 persons). During the recent decade the main donor countries of migrants have been Russia, Moldova and Transcaucasian nations: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia. The main recipient countries of Kirovohrad migrants were the United States of America, Russia, Germany, Israel.The age structure of the migrants in the region is characterized by the predominance of working age people 76 – 80 per cent of the total number of migrants. Graphics and diagrams have been made and based on the respective calculations.The main factors of migration in our region are those describing the living conditions: natural and geographic, economic, environmental, etc. An important factor for the region is also active irreversible outflow of students to study in other parts of the country., В статье рассматриваются основные общественно-географические особенности миграционных процессов в одной из наиболее депрессивных областей Украины - Кировоградской, где в течение многих лет наблюдаются негативные тенденции в основных видах миграций населения. Исследование охватывает десятилетний период с 2005 по 2014 годы. Определены основные причины усиления различных типов миграций в области, охарактеризованы особенности внутрирегиональной, межрегиональной и межгосударственной миграции населения области. Рассчитаны основные показатели, характеризующие миграционные процессы в области: миграционный оборот, коэффициент интенсивности прибытия и убытия, общий коэффициент интенсивности миграции, коэффициент интенсивности миграционного оборота. На основе этих расчетов построены картосхемы и графики. Проанализирована возрастная структура мигрантов и влияние основных последствий миграционных процессов на социально-экономическую ситуацию в Кировоградской области. Для улучшения негативной миграционной ситуации обосновывается введение региональной миграционной политики., У статті розглядаються основні суспільно-географічні особливості міграційних процесів у одній з найбільш депресивних областей України – Кіровоградській, де протягом багатьох років спостерігаються негативні тенденції у основних видах міграцій населення. Дослідження охоплює десятирічний період з 2005 по 2014 роки. Визначені основні причини посилення різних типів міграцій в області, охарактеризовано особливості внутрішньорегіональної, міжрегіональної та міждержавної міграції населення області. Розраховані основні показники, які характеризують міграційні процеси в області: міграційний оборот, коефіцієнт інтенсивності прибуття та вибуття, загальний коефіцієнт інтенсивності міграцій, коефіцієнт інтенсивності міграційного обороту. На основі цих розрахунків побудовані картосхеми та графіки. Проаналізовано вікову структуру мігрантів та вплив основних наслідків міграційних процесів на соціально-економічну ситуацію в Кіровоградській області. Для покращення негативної міграційної ситуації обґрунтовується запровадження регіональної міграційної політики.

Neuro-ethics is probably fastest growing part of applied ethics. The main thesis is that certain natural processes in brain and nerves produce certain moral, and immoral, behaviors. All these processes can be explained causally, and (if this is so) neuro-ethics might be the final result of neuroscience. There are some metaphysical and ethical pitfalls to be considered, however, like the (incorrect) conflation of causal explanation and rational justification in definingvalues, not only non-moral values but moral values as well. Certainly, the knowledge of how neurological processes function could help to enhance the quality of human life, not only in coping with defects but also in improving the so-called „normal life“. This implies that neuroethics is instrumental, dealing with values which are instrumental as well. However, neuroethics, it seems, aspires to go further than that: to explain how goals come into existence and what their articulation should look like. All of this should be causally explained, or at least explainable; and the main focus of the paper is an analysis of this aspiration. The analysis refers to some important distinctions like the distinction between causes and reasons, explanation and justification, or the one between means and ends. At the end of the paper there is a section about applications, where some of the benefits and risks are summarily indicated, with a conclusion that neuroethics surely might help in advancing the overall quality of human life, individual and social.

配偶者間暴力は、婚姻中あるいはその解消後の様々な段階で生じているが、広く知られているわけではない。また、配偶者間暴力は身体的暴力だけではなく、現在では、精神的・性的・経済的暴力も配偶者間暴力と理解されている。配偶者間暴力の要因は、ストレス、怒り、性的嫉妬心、薬物乱用、アルコール依存、経済的困窮などとされている。さらに、家父長制など社会的あるいは文化的要因も考えられる。配偶者間暴力の原因・結果は多様であり、被害は配偶者だけでなく、子どもやほかの親族にも及び、さらに影響は社会にも広がる。また、配偶者暴力は反復することや次世代への連鎖などの特色がある。そこで、被害者、その親族そして社会の法的保護と社会による政策的対応が求められる。

This paper has its origins in a comparative research project examining aspects of urban sprawlin Europe undertaken within the 5.FP EU. The project Urban Sprawl: European Patterns,Environmental Degradation and Sustainable Development (URBS PANDENS EVK4-CT-2001-00052) sought to understand recent trends in urban sprawl in a number of case studyurban regions and to advise the European Commission on policy development with regard tothe control, management and amelioration of the effects of urban sprawl.

International audience; Inside the Statistical Implicative Analysis frame, implicative rules may be extracted while pondered by a measure called Intensity of Implication. The set of the non-symmetrical relationships that associate the different variables may be represented by a graph so called implicative. Inside the graph, relationships upstream and downstream from a central variable parted on either sides of this node can be sometimes noticed. This situation of a confluent is metaphorically said a two clusters implicative cone. On condition that the set is rather homogeneous and linked, giving conceptual meaning to this cone allows some kind of causalities/consequences isolation of it from the whole set. In this communication, we define criteria for the homogeneity of a cone and conditions for existence of causal relationships. Some significant examples illustrate our theoretical discourse.; Dans le cadre de l’Analyse Statistique Implicative, il est procédé à l’extraction de règles implicatives pondérées par une mesure appelée intensité d’implication. Un graphe dit implicatif permet de représenter l’ensemble des relations non symétriques quiassocient les variables. Au sein du graphe,on observe quelquefois, à partir d’une variable centrale, des relations amont et avaltelles qu’il soit possible d’isoler ces deuxtypes de part et d’autre de ce nœud, ce confluent,sous la métaphore de cône implicatif à deux grappes. Donner une signification à ce cône, sous la condition d’une certaine homogénéité et de la connexité de l’ensemble, permet de l’isoler conceptuellement du tout en des termes de causalité-conséquences. Dans cette communication, nous définissonsselon deux approchesun critère d’homogénéité d’un cône et des conditions d’existence de relations causales. Nous illustrons le propos théorique par l’examen de plusieurs exemplessignificatifs.

A realização desta dissertação tem como objectivo a obtenção do grau de Mestre no Mestrado de Economia Monetária e Financeira no ISCTE-IUL. Nesta dissertação pretende-se entender quais as causas da crise mundial de 2008 que estiveram presentes em Portugal e qual o impacto que este sofreu, mais particularmente, no seu sector bancário, sendo necessário para isso perceber primeiro quais foram as principais causas e consequências desta crise. E a escolha deste tema prende-se com o facto desta crise ser considerada uma das mais graves desde a crise do crash da bolsa de Nova Iorque de 1929, daí ser importante fazer uma análise desta crise, percebendo o que a despoletou e quais os impactos que teve. Para entender melhor qual o impacto e qual foi a amplitude que esta crise financeira e económica teve no nosso país e no seu sector bancário, será efectuada uma análise de dados, na qual se irá comparar a situação portuguesa com a UE e os EUA, uma vez que estes são as economias mais importantes do mundo, tratando-se das principais potências mundiais, daí a minha escolha por estas economias. Por outro lado, com a informação recolhida sobre as causas, as consequências e as medidas adoptadas, esta dissertação permitirá também tirar conclusões de como evitar ou amenizar os efeitos de possíveis futuras crises desta natureza. This dissertation aims to obtain Master‟s degree in Master of Monetary and Financial Economics at ISCTE-IUL. This dissertation aims to understand what the causes of the global crisis of 2008 were present in Portugal and what impact this has, more specifically, in his banking sector, and for that it‟s necessary to understand first what were the causes and consequences of this crisis. And the choice of this theme relates to the fact that this crisis is considered one of the most serious crise since the crash of New York Stock Exchange in 1929, then it is important to analyze this crisis, realizing what triggered it and what are the main impacts it had. To better understand what impact and was the extent this financial and economic crisis had on our country and its banking sector, there will be an analysis of data, in which it‟ll compare the Portuguese situation with the EU and USA, because this are the major economies of the world, and this is the why I choose this countries. Moreover, with the information collected about the causes, the consequences and the measures taken, this dissertation will also draw conclusions on how to avoid or mitigate the effects of possible futures crises of this nature.

Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2007. The researcher focused on developing a psycho-developmental programme that could be used as an intervention technique to combat teenage pregnancy. The literature research indicated that general factors contributing to teenage pregnancy could be divided into individual factors and social factors. The following individual factors played a major role towards teenage pregnancy: lack of knowledge, lack of future vision, lack of educational and personal goals and poor academic performance. Social factors such as poor health care services, poor socio-economic condition, unemployment and poverty could be seen as the most common general factors that lead to teenage pregnancy. Family disorientation because of families consisting of one parent, alcohol and drug abuse, and lack of parent support increase the risk to get involved in prostitution and sexual molesting ending up in teenage pregnancy. Psychological aspects such as low self-image, low self-concept, low self-esteem and an external locus of control are also contributing factors to teenage pregnancy. Cultural rituals, myths about sexuality and teenage pregnancy, poor recreational facilities, poor socio-economic condition leading to poverty and increasing the risk of becoming a victim of sexual abuse could be seen as the most common cultural factors which lead to teenage pregnancy. For the purpose of this research a cultural quasi-experimental design was used. Enrolled pupils between fourteen and sixteen years from the following culture groups: white, black (rural), black (urban) and brown were included in this research. These pupils were enrolled students from the following High Schools in Parys: Parys High School, Phehelang High School, Barnard Molekwane High School, Weiveld High School and Sckonkinville High School. All the pupils from the control group, experimental group and development groups were exposed to the completion of a questionnaire that was utilised for pre-testing as well as post-testing. This questionnaire consisted out of three dimensions: knowledge on sexuality, attitudes towards sexuality and myths occurring in connection with sexuality. This questionnaire is available in Afrikaans and Sotho. Only the experimental group was exposed to the psycho-development programme. The results of the research indicated that no differences between the research groups (experimental, development and control groups), age (14 - 16 years) and gender (male and female) groups were reported before the implementation of the psycho-educational programme. Only statistical differences in the cultural groups (white, black and brown) were found: between white and brown in connection with knowledge, attitudes and myths, and between white and black differences in connection with knowledge and myths. Between brown and black differences were found in connection with attitudes. The results after the implementation of the psycho-educational programme showed that no differences were found in connection with age and gender. The experimental group reported a positive change in attitudes towards teenage pregnancy, while knowledge increased in the development group. No changes were reported in the control group. Within the different cultural groups the following results were reported: Knowledge increased in the white group, while within the black group changes in knowledge, attitudes and myths were found. The results for the brown group did not report any change. The following conclusion could be made that the developed psycho-educational programme did have an impact on improving the knowledge and changing the attitudes of the study population in connection with sexuality and teenage pregnancy. The limitations of this research were identified and recommendations were made. Masters

The researcher focused on developing a psycho-developmental programme that could be used as an intervention technique to combat teenage pregnancy. The literature research indicated that general factors contributing to teenage pregnancy could be divided into individual factors and social factors. The following individual factors played a major role towards teenage pregnancy: lack of knowledge, lack of future vision, lack of educational and personal goals and poor academic performance. Social factors such as poor health care services, poor socio-economic condition, unemployment and poverty could be seen as the most common general factors that lead to teenage pregnancy. Family disorientation because of families consisting of one parent, alcohol and drug abuse, and lack of parent support increase the risk to get involved in prostitution and sexual molesting ending up in teenage pregnancy. Psychological aspects such as low self-image, low self-concept, low self-esteem and an external locus of control are also contributing factors to teenage pregnancy. Cultural rituals, myths about sexuality and teenage pregnancy, poor recreational facilities, poor socio-economic condition leading to poverty and increasing the risk of becoming a victim of sexual abuse could be seen as the most common cultural factors which lead to teenage pregnancy. For the purpose of this research a cultural quasi-experimental design was used. Enrolled pupils between fourteen and sixteen years from the following culture groups: white, black (rural), black (urban) and brown were included in this research. These pupils were enrolled students from the following High Schools in Parys: Parys High School, Phehelang High School, Barnard Molekwane High School, Weiveld High School and Sckonkinville High School. All the pupils from the control group, experimental group and development groups were exposed to the completion of a questionnaire that was utilised for pre-testing as well as post-testing. This questionnaire consisted out of three dimensions: knowledge on sexuality, attitudes towards sexuality and myths occurring in connection with sexuality. This questionnaire is available in Afrikaans and Sotho. Only the experimental group was exposed to the psycho-development programme. The results of the research indicated that no differences between the research groups (experimental, development and control groups), age (14 - 16 years) and gender (male and female) groups were reported before the implementation of the psycho-educational programme. Only statistical differences in the cultural groups (white, black and brown) were found: between white and brown in connection with knowledge, attitudes and myths, and between white and black differences in connection with knowledge and myths. Between brown and black differences were found in connection with attitudes. The results after the implementation of the psycho-educational programme showed that no differences were found in connection with age and gender. The experimental group reported a positive change in attitudes towards teenage pregnancy, while knowledge increased in the development group. No changes were reported in the control group. Within the different cultural groups the following results were reported: Knowledge increased in the white group, while within the black group changes in knowledge, attitudes and myths were found. The results for the brown group did not report any change. The following conclusion could be made that the developed psycho-educational programme did have an impact on improving the knowledge and changing the attitudes of the study population in connection with sexuality and teenage pregnancy. The limitations of this research were identified and recommendations were made. Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2007.