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Romantic partners often regulate their emotions and affection to achieve certain goals, but research has yet to explore how partners regulate their expression of sexual desire during sex and its implications for couples’ well-being. In two multi-part dyadic diary studies of primarily mixed-gender couples in longer-term relationships residing in North America, we examined three questions. First, is amplifying desire and suppressing disinterest during sex associated with both partners’ daily sexual and relationship satisfaction? Second, do these associations differ by level of sexual desire and gender? Third, tested in our second sample, can these associations be explained by feelings of sexual inauthenticity? Across both samples (Ntotal = 225 couples, 450 participants), amplifying desire was associated with lower sexual satisfaction, while suppressing disinterest was not associated with daily satisfaction. Importantly, sexual desire played a role in the links between desire regulation during sex and satisfaction: on days when people were low in sexual desire, amplification was associated with both partners’ lower sexual satisfaction, while suppression was associated with a partner’s higher relationship satisfaction. In addition, amplification (on low desire days) and suppression (regardless of desire level) were associated with lower sexual authenticity which, in turn, was linked to lower relationship satisfaction. The findings suggest that desire regulation during sex plays an important role in couples’ daily sexual satisfaction and relationship satisfaction—in part because it feels sexually inauthentic—with the implications of this regulation being particularly strong when people feel low sexual desire.

This study investigated the variability of indoor radon concentrations in 518 100 homes in the UK. The statistical analysis included measurements in 395 720 homes with downstairs living rooms and upstairs bedrooms. The radon concentration in these bedrooms was found to be on average 63% of the living room value. The analysis of 122 380 homes with living rooms and bedrooms situated on the same floor found that there is a small difference in radon concentration of 9% between the two rooms. The results showed that the ratios of the living room to bedroom radon concentrations were approximately lognormally distributed. The geometric mean of the ratio was found to be 1.6 for rooms situated on different storeys and 1.1 for rooms situated on the same floor. It was found that house characteristics and energy efficiency measures affect the distribution of radon within homes. Detached houses and those with suspended floors had higher radon levels in their upstairs bedroom, 66.7% and 76.9% of the downstairs living room values, respectively. For homes built between 1993 and 2007, the bedroom to living room ratio increased from 58.8% to 76.9% due to the increased airtightness and improved energy performance of the modern buildings. Homes with installed wall and loft insulation had much higher bedroom to living room ratio (76.9%) than those without energy efficiency measures (52.6%).

Aim To examine the external validity of the Family Affluence Scale (FAS) among adolescents in Sweden by using register data for parental earned income, level of education and occupational status. Methods Data from the baseline (2015–2019) of the Study of Adolescence Resilience and Stress (STARS), comprising 2283 13-year-olds in the region of Västra Götaland, were used. The FAS III consists of six items: unshared bedroom, car ownership, computer/tablet ownership, dishwasher, number of bathrooms and number of holidays abroad. Register data regarding earned income, educational level and occupational status from Statistics Sweden (2014–2018) were linked to adolescents. In total, survey data were available for 2280 adolescents, and register data were available for 2258 mothers and 2204 fathers. Results Total parental earned income was moderately correlated with adolescents’ scoring on FAS (0.31 r p r = 0.19 and r = 0.21, respectively, p r = 0.22, p Conclusions The FAS can mainly identify low- and high-income households in Sweden. It may be used as an alternative measure of parental earned income in studies using self-reported socioeconomic status among adolescents.

Background The ability to capture people’s movement throughout their home is a powerful approach to inform spatiotemporal patterns of routines associated with cognitive impairment. The study estimated indoor room activities over 24 hours and investigated relationships between diurnal activity patterns and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods One hundred and sixty-one older adults (26 with MCI) living alone (age = 78.9 ± 9.2) were included from 2 study cohorts—the Oregon Center for Aging & Technology and the Minority Aging Research Study. Indoor room activities were measured by the number of trips made to rooms (bathroom, bedroom, kitchen, living room). Trips made to rooms (transitions) were detected using passive infrared motion sensors fixed on the walls for a month. Latent trajectory models were used to identify distinct diurnal patterns of room activities and characteristics associated with each trajectory. Results Latent trajectory models identified 2 diurnal patterns of bathroom usage (high and low usage). Participants with MCI were more likely to be in the high bathroom usage group that exhibited more trips to the bathroom than the low-usage group (odds ratio [OR] = 4.1, 95% CI [1.3–13.5], p = .02). For kitchen activity, 2 diurnal patterns were identified (high and low activity). Participants with MCI were more likely to be in the high kitchen activity group that exhibited more transitions to the kitchen throughout the day and night than the low kitchen activity group (OR = 3.2, 95% CI [1.1–9.1], p = .03). Conclusions The linkage between bathroom and kitchen activities with MCI may be the result of biological, health, and environmental factors in play. In-home, real-time unobtrusive-sensing offers a novel way of delineating cognitive health with chronologically-ordered movement across indoor locations.

The Covid-19 pandemic triggered an experiment in enforced home-working across the globe. In the UK, the home-based workforce jumped from 14 per cent to almost 50 per cent of the overall working population, a trend mirrored in countries across the world. Largely welcomed by both employees and employers, many organizations predict a hybrid future that combines working at home and in a centralized collective workplace. This has major consequences for the way we inhabit, conceptualize and design the city and the suburbs, as more (and different) space is needed in the home and employers realize that they can reduce their property footprints. The 24-hour inhabitation of residential areas brings new life to local streets and economies, while Central Business Districts and High Streets lie silent. This paper approaches this as a paradigm shift: for more than a century mono-functional homes and workplaces have been systematically separated – ways now have to be found to reintegrate them. Covid has shone a spotlight on major social and spatial inequalities, with the poor and the young disproportionately impacted. Priorities for researchers and policy-makers include the future use of redundant commercial buildings, and analyses of policy and law, including planning, space standards, tenancy agreements, Bedroom Tax and social housing allocations, that obstruct home-based work – and proposals for alternatives. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.

Purpose To evaluate whether home hazards and lighting levels are associated with higher fall rates in adults with varying degrees of visual field (VF) damage from glaucoma. Methods Participants with diagnosed or suspected glaucoma provided three years of prospective falls data via monthly falls diaries. A post-fall telephone questionnaire determined fall locations. Seven home areas were evaluated for hazards and lighting via an in-home assessment. Multivariate models adjusting for relevant confounders, including age, sex, comorbidity, and severity of VF damage, evaluated the influence of hazards and lighting on fall rates in each home region. Results Mean baseline age for the 170 participants was 71.0 (7.6) years and 78 (46%) of participants were female. Fifty-nine participants experienced a total of 83 home falls, with the greatest number of falls occurring on the indoor stairs (n = 24, 29%) and bedroom (n = 17, 21%). Neither the number nor the percentage of hazardous items graded as hazardous was associated with the rate of falls (P > .26). Each 10-fold increase in room lighting was associated with 35% fewer falls in that home region (P = .02). The relation between lighting and the rate of falls did not differ with the degree of visual field damage (P > .3), and a lower fall rate was noted with better lighting even in participants with mild or no VF damage (rate ratio = 0.52/10-fold better lighting; P = 0.01). Conclusions Fewer home falls were found with better lighting, but not with fewer home hazards. Lighting improvements at home may reduce fall rates in older adults. NOTE: Publication of this article is sponsored by the American Ophthalmological Society.

In this introduction to Arrêt sur scène / Scene Focus 8, Sujata Iyengar and Sarah Mayo historicize early modern English and French beliefs surrounding privacy and publicity in the bed and the bedchamber. They use the historic artefact of the Great Bed of Ware (Victoria and Albert Museum), to focus their discussion, and consider the role of technological innovations such as the chimney (in the 11th century) or the webcam (in the 21st) in determining or altering the sense of privacy in Western Europe. Finally, they survey and comment upon the articles within this issue before they conclude, quoting historian Michelle Perrot, that the bed and the chamber offer both intimacy and infinity when the curtains or the door open to the “outside”. Dans cette introduction à ce numéro (8) d’Arrêt sur scène / Scene Focus, Sujata Iyengar et Sarah Mayo historicisent les croyances anglaises et françaises de la première modernité relatives à l’intimité et à la publicité associées au lit et à la chambre. Elles centrent leur réflexion sur un objet matériel historique, le grand lit de Ware, conservé au Victoria and Albert Museum, et s’intéressent à la façon dont des innovations technologiques comme la cheminée (au XIe siècle), ou la webcam (au XXIe), ont façonné ou modifié la notion d’intimité en Europe occidentale. Enfin, elles présentent les articles dans ce numéro, avant de conclure avec une citation de l’historienne Michelle Perrot, sur le lit et la chambre comme vecteurs à la fois d’intimité et d’infini lorsque les tentures ou la porte s’ouvrent sur l’« extérieur ».

Background: Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease most often found in children and has the highest prevalence in developing countries. House dust mites are the second most common trigger of asthma whose habitat is influenced by the criteria for a healthy.Objective: Understanding the correlation between sleep density and asthma status in pediatric patients and criteria for a healthy house.Methods: This study was an analytical observational method with a cross sectional study design that took place from June to October 2020. It involved 25 respondents of children with asthma patients aged 3-11 years. There is a confounding variable, namely the criterion score for a healthy house. Dust samples were collected in the bedroom of the respondent diagnosed with bronchial asthma. The identification process using the floating method was carried out at the Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang Indonesia. Respondent data were analyzed using statistical software programs. Non-parametric test with lambda correlation test.Results: The mean of house dust mite’s density in the respondent's house was 3.68 ± 2.32. House dust mite’s density was associated with the criteria for a healthy house (p 0.05).Conclusion: There is no correlation between pediatric asthma status and house dust mite density.

Introduction: The COVID-19 was the emerging disease caused by SARS-COV 2. Efficient transmission of this disease occurs through droplets and fomites. As COVID-19 has high transmission and hence susceptible household & non-household close contacts are at high risk of developing disease. Study Objectives: 1) To estimate secondary attack rate of COVID-19 among the contacts during the pandemic in Pune city; 2) To identify factors associated with transmission and development of COVID-19 disease. Material & Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in the month of June 2020. The sample includes 741 contacts of 119 Laboratory confirmed cases for COVID-19, resides in 15 ward offices areas of PuneMunicipal Corporation after written informed consent. A confidential telephonic interview was taken by using a prestructured questionnaire which includes socio demographic data, duration of stay, family background,outcome, type of house, development of symptoms etc. Results: The overall Secondary Attack Rate estimated to be 32.5%, 33.7% among the high risk contacts while 13.3% among the low risk contacts. In this city, 6 wards (40%) out of 15 wards showed SAR of more than 40%.The characteristics of primary cases associated with spread of disease were presence of symptoms and duration between onset of disease and isolation of primary case. The factors significantly affecting SAR were age, comorbidity, no. of family members, type of family, type of house, overcrowding, no. of rooms, bedroom attached with toilet, type of contact & containment zone. Conclusion: Higher SAR was seen in the household contacts. It is necessary to adopt rigorous measures to cut the transmission chain in this area of close contact. How to cite this article: Jagdale GR, Parande MA, Borle PS, Tapare VS, Tambe MP, Wavare S, Hatnapure M, Salunke P, Shinde P, Paunikar A. Secondary Attack Rate among the Contacts of COVID-19 Patients at the Beginning of the Pandemic in Pune City of Western Maharashtra, India. J Commun Dis. 2021;53(3):51-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202138

This essay examines late nineteenth-century advice literature, such as the magazines for young adults, domestic advice manuals, and home decoration books, to determine how guidelines about the spat...

Color preference for the interior of a bedroom of Le Corbusier's Swiss Pavilion was studied using 1931 Salubra color keyboards in a cross-cultural analysis. Results indicate that students from architecture and interior design slightly dislike or are indifferent to Le Corbusier color combinations and prefer pale and low saturated colors for interior architecture. The least preferred colors belong to green and brown hues. Scarce significant gender differences are found that follow a stereotyped tendency, with females preferring pinks, light blues and light greens, while males vivid oranges and Vermilions. Near Easterners are significantly more likely to green colors, while Western Europeans to dark greys. These data indicate that not only hue, but also value and saturation are important color features to inform preference for interior architecture.

Real-time onsite monitoring of indoor airborne microbes in a residential property in central Tokyo was carried out in 2020 and 2021, following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. A microbial sensor utilizing fluorescence emitted by microorganisms was used to measure bioaerosol concentrations in the living room and children’s bedroom as well as on the balcony. Indoor PM2.5 was also monitored simultaneously at certain time points using a PM2.5 sensor. The behavior of the residents was also recorded during some monitoring periods. The average number concentration of microbes as fungi in the living room was 15,100, 58,800, and 10,600 counts m-3 in spring, summer, and winter, respectively, increasing in summer when the outside temperature was high. Microbial number concentrations were closely related to human behavior, increasing rapidly during periods of physical activity, but decreasing again within 20-30 min of the activity ending. There was no clear correlation between indoor microbial number concentrations and PM2.5 concentrations, suggesting that indoor microorganisms are concentrated in coarse particles, such as dust, which are quickly removed via gravitational settling. The concentration of indoor airborne microorganisms decreased significantly after ventilation, and although an occasional increase was observed immediately after ventilation, concentrations decreased again rapidly within 10-20 min. These results suggest that even a short period of ventilation can significantly reduce the indoor bioaerosol © 2021 by Asian Association for Atmospheric Environment

Background: Scabies is a contagious skin disease caused by mite Sarcoptes scabiei. The global incidence of scabies in 2014 was 0.3%-46%, while the incidence of scabies in Indonesia, especially in Banyuwangi Regency was 1871 cases in 2016 and 1730 cases in 2017 . Objective: The study objective was to determine the relationship between personal hygiene and symptoms of scabies among students. Methods: This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional design located at the Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Nurul Amin Islamic Boarding School, Kalipuro, Banyuwangi. The number of students living in Islamic boarding schools was 191 students, the sample size was 63 students by simple random sampling. Data regarding personal hygiene habits were collected in April-May 2020, it used Google Forms sent via WhatsApp application to the students and in-depth interviews with the student caregivers. Data analysis using chi-square test, presented in tables and narrative. Results: The results showed that 42.9% of students had symptoms of scabies and there was a significant relationship between personal hygiene and symptoms of scabies, especially in habit of scratching (P value = 0.000) and the habit of using clothes, towels, as well as prayer tools together (P value = 0.012). Conclusion: The habit of scratching body parts with nails and using clothes, towels and, prayer tools alternately could be risk factors for the transmission of scabies to students. Students should have good personal hygiene and not share their personal equipment such as clothes, towels, and, prayer tools. The boarding school managers were advised to complete sanitation facilities, to organize a clean and tidy bedroom competition between the students.

Factors related to adolescents and sleep are understudied. We evaluate the relationship between bedtime technology use (TU), TV in bedroom, weight, and socioeconomic status in seventh graders (N = 3956) enrolled in a school-based wellness intervention. Sleep quantity was dichotomized to insufficient (

Investigation into correlates across all levels of the socio-ecological model predictive of objectively measured physical activity has rarely been assessed in adults. While considering a diversity of correlates, we determined which correlates best predict sensor-based moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary-time (ST) in adults. A Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection algorithm was used to hierarchize the correlates associated with high ST (≥66.6thpercentile) and sufficient MVPA (≥150 min/week) in 865 adults. The main correlate predictive of being active was currently partaking in sport/exercise. The following relevant correlates were being male for the exercisers and having trees in the neighbourhood for the non-exercisers. The final correlate to boost male exercisers' MVPA was having lots of shops in the neighbourhood and not having television in the bedroom for women. The primary correlate for high ST was job activity level, with individuals having highly active jobs being less likely to exhibit high levels of ST; being single, male, and a former athlete also increased the chances of being highly sedentary. To increase adults' MVPA, promotion of sport participation, neighbourhood landscape planning, shop availability, as well as limiting television in the bedroom must be prioritized. For counteracting ST, increasing workplace activity level is warranted.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the viability of personal support homes – a policy concept that reduces alternative level of care (ALC) days in Ontario hospitals. It allows people to leverage their empty bedrooms to temporarily house patients awaiting hospital discharge. METHOD: Data from the Municipal Property Assessment Corporation are used to map geographic supply of empty bedrooms, and Ontario Ministry of Health administrative data are used to assess potential demand. RESULTS: By remunerating certified homeowners $120–150/day, this concept could help decrease ALC patient days by 20% and save the province $1.13–1.95 billion in foregone hospital construction along with relieving current system pressures. CONCLUSION: As part of a multifaceted policy solution to ALC, this concept is particularly suited for rural/remote locations where excess bedroom supply per capita is the highest.

We conducted a randomized trial of portable HEPA air cleaners in the homes of children age 6-12 years with asthma in the Yakima Valley, Washington. All families received asthma education while intervention families also received two HEPA cleaners (child's bedroom, living room). We collected 14-day integrated samples of endotoxin in settled dust and PM10 and PM10-2.5 in the air of the children's bedrooms at baseline and one-year follow-up, and used linear regression to compare follow-up levels, adjusting for baseline. Seventy-one families (36 HEPA, 35 control) completed the study. Baseline geometric mean (GSD) endotoxin loadings were 1565 (6.3) EU/m2 and 2110 (4.9) EU/m2 , respectively, in HEPA vs. control homes while PM10 and PM10-2.5 were 22.5 (1.9) μg/m3 and 9.5 (2.9) μg/m3 , respectively, in HEPA homes, and 19.8 (1.8) μg/m3 and 7.7 (2.0) μg/m3 , respectively, in control homes. At follow-up, HEPA families had 46% lower (95% CI, 31%-57%) PM10 on average than control families, consistent with prior studies. In the best-fit heterogeneous slopes model, HEPA families had 49% (95% CI, 6%-110%) and 89% lower (95% CI, 28%-177%) PM10-2.5 at follow-up, respectively, at 50th and 75th percentile baseline concentrations. Endotoxin loadings did not differ significantly at follow-up (4% lower, HEPA homes; 95% CI, -87% to 50%).

For years I painted the sky, always in oils, always hyperreal, and always as it appeared from where I was. The first fifteen were from my bedroom window, the same set of Midlands rooftops framed ar...

Objectives The aim of this study was twofold. First, to confirm the deleterious aspect of evening screen exposure in school-aged children, in particular the effect of screens in the bedroom. Second, to explore the three-way association between degree of screen exposure, sleep disturbance, and ADHD symptoms. Solid evidence exists on the link between sleep disturbance and ADHD symptoms, and screen exposure and sleep disturbance. However, no studies have formally assessed the impact of screen exposure on ADHD symptoms in children, as a function of sleep disturbance. Methods Parents of 374 French children (201 girls, 173 boys, mean age of 10.8 ± 2.8 years old) completed the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale, and a questionnaire about their children's screen habits (total hours in the morning, afternoon, and evening per day). Correlational analyses between evening screen exposure, sleep quality and behavioral problems were conducted. Then, formal mediation analyses were run in order to quantify the relationship between variables. Results School-aged children with screens in their bedrooms demonstrated more sleep and behavioral problems. Evening TV exposure was associated with higher SDSC and ADHD scores. Furthermore, the Structural Equation Modelling approach confirmed that evening screen exposure is directly associated with more disrupted sleep, which in turn is directly associated with behavioral problems. Conclusions These findings encourage families to avoid putting screens in their children's bedrooms, and limit evening screen exposure. They furthermore demonstrate the importance of taking into account screen exposure time (morning, afternoon, evening) and location (bedroom or elsewhere) in future studies.

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) is a disease that attacks one or more parts of the respiratory tract from the nose to the alveoli or lung. This disease which is caused by various factors (multifactorial) is the top rank disease in Indonesia, and is the biggest cause (17%) of the death of children under five years (toddlers). This study aims to determine the environmental risk factors for the incidence of ARI in children under five in the working area of the Panambungan Health Center. This type of research uses an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design with a sample of 88 respondents obtained by simple random sampling technique. Data analysis was performed by using chi-square test and the magnitude of the risk with the odds ratio value. The results of statistical tests showed that the use of anti-mosquito coils (p = 0.021; OR = 3.573), kitchen ventilation (p = 0.000; OR = 0.112), and smoking habits of family members significantly affected ARI cases on toddlers in the working area of Panambungan Health Center, Makassar in 2020. Meanwhile, bedroom ventilation (p = 0.538; OR = 0.570) and the type of house floor (p = 0.269; OR = 1.889) did not significantly affect ARI cases on toddlers in the working area of Panambungan Health Center, Makassar in 2020.

This study aimed to examine the environmental and operational factors that disrupt sleep in the acute, non-ICU hospital setting. This was a prospective study of adult patients admitted to an acute tertiary hospital ward (shared versus single room) and sleep laboratory (single room conducive to sleep). This study measured ambient light (lux) and sound (dB), number of operational interruptions, and questionnaires assessing sleep and mental health. Sixty patients were enrolled, 20 in a double bedroom located close to the nursing station (‘shared ward’), 20 in a single bedroom located distant to the nursing station (‘single ward’) and 20 attending the sleep laboratory for overnight polysomnography (‘sleep laboratory’). Sleep was disturbed in 45% of patients in the shared and single ward groups (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index > 5). Light levels were appropriately low across all 3 locations. Sound levels (significant effect of room F(1.38) = 6.452, p = 0.015) and operational interruptions (shared ward 5.6 ± 2.5, single ward 6.2 ± 2.9, sleep laboratory 2.7 ± 2.1 per night, p

The current Suchet bedroom in the Can Papiol house is the result of the traditional belief that French general Louis Gabriel Suchet stayed at the great manor of the Papiol family in Vilanova i la Geltru during the Spanish War of Independence. However, there is no documentation that allows us to confirm whether or not he stayed at Can Papiol. The supposed chamber of the general allows us to analyse and understand how and why the Louis XVI style was used in Vilanova and applied, precisely, in the bedroom destined to host the supposed stay of the general. On the other hand, the documentation of the Papiol archive has brought relevant information on the original distribution of the house through unprecedented plans from the mid 19th century, an 1817 inventory, the family accounts and the receipts of the craftsmen who worked in the manor during its construction and its later maintenance.

Aims Caregivers of persons living with ventricular assist devices (VADs) are integrally involved in both medical and non-medical care. We sought to understand tasks caregivers perform after surgical recovery, ways the home is adapted for those tasks, and presence of home safety hazards. Methods and results We conducted semi-structured interviews with persons living with a VAD and their caregivers. Pictures were taken of areas in the home where: (i) caregiving activities occurred, (ii) VAD or medical supplies were kept, and (iii) home adaptations were made for VAD care. Pictures were described in written detail and analysed. A qualitative descriptive approach was used for analysis. The sample consisted of 10 dyads, with mostly spousal relationships (60%) between male patients (60%) and female caregivers (80%). Three themes were identified: (i) Evolution of Caregiving and Support: Patients gain independence, but caregivers are still needed, (ii) Adapting the Home Environment: Changes are focused on functional needs, and (iii) Hidden Dangers: Illumination of safety concerns by photographs. Assistance with bathing, driveline care, and medication management were common caregiving tasks. Most home adaptations occurred in the bathroom and bedroom including sleeping recliners, shower chairs, removable shower heads, and hanging hooks to hold VAD equipment. Safety hazards included minimal space for safe ambulation, infection risk, and home-made adaptations to the environment. Conclusions These findings describe key home caregiving tasks, home adaptations, and safety concerns that require further education and support. Utilizing pictures may be a feasible method for assessing VAD teaching, caregiving needs, and identifying potential risks.

Ceiling fans are the most common equipment in any household with electricity to induce a higher air movement since the potential of natural ventilation is limited. However, the higher airflow region is generally limited to the zone below the fan. The non-uniform distribution of airflow is also affected by the furniture layout and airflow from window openings. This study attempts to evaluate the effect of the different window-opening patterns on the airflow inside naturally ventilated bedrooms, having a ceiling fan for air movement with numerical simulations and on-site measurements. The airflow pattern created by a ceiling fan in a room with furniture is modelled and simulated with ANSYS Fluent 2019 R3. The results were validated with on-site measurements and compared with the literature. The air velocity was measured in bedrooms of three different sizes. It was observed that the opening of windows created a better distribution of air irrespective of room size. The non-uniformity of the air velocity is reduced from 76% to 39% with the opening of windows in the larger-sized room. The reduction in non-uniformity is influenced by the location of windows also. The practice of opening windows along with the induced air movement by ceiling fans results in a better distribution of air in the space. Practical application: People tend to depend mainly on ceiling fans even if windows are open in naturally ventilated rooms. A study of patterns of non-uniform distribution of airflow can help designers to improve comfort conditions by specifying the number and location of fans and windows while designing room furniture layout. This aids the building services engineers to provide thermal comfort without always depending on alternative active ventilation strategies.

BACKGROUND: Indoor environments contain a broad diversity of non-pathogenic Basidiomycota yeasts, but their role in exacerbating adverse health effects has remained unclear. OBJECTIVE: To understand the role of Vishniacozyma victoriae exposure and its impact on human health. METHODS: A qPCR assay was developed to detect and quantify an abundant indoor yeast species, Vishniacozyma victoriae (syn. Cryptococcus victoriae), from homes participating in the New York City Neighborhood Asthma and Allergy Study (NAAS). We evaluated the associations between V. victoriae, housing characteristics, and asthma relevant health endpoints. RESULTS: V. victoriae was quantified in 236 of the 256 bedroom floor dust samples ranging from less than 300 to 45,918 cell equivalents/mg of dust. Higher concentrations of V. victoriae were significantly associated with carpeted bedroom floors (P=0.044), mean specific humidity (P=0.004), winter (P

The elderly's perception of their environment largely depends on acquired visual information. This study provides a quantitative analytical method for designing bedrooms in nursing homes by developing a computational model that uses viewing distance, viewing angle, and viewing field as variables. The model is utilized to measure a range of visual environmental properties, including privacy, accessibility, permeability, and visibility, which reflect the quality of bedrooms in nursing homes. The suitability levels of bedroom planes for the elderly and their main living functions as well as the fitting degree of the functional layout are calculated based on these data. After validating the computational model's feasibility, this study optimizes the typical schemes of single and double rooms in nursing homes. Results reveal certain advantages of the arrangement where bathroom doors are set toward the inside of the bedroom and double rooms have a large width. The computational model can be used in measuring the spatial quality of bedrooms in nursing homes and as a mathematical model for related algorithm design and software programming to assist in the design and optimization of bedrooms for the elderly.

Chinese feng shui is well-researched in social sciences but under-researched regarding its impact on the well-being of users. The main problem is the isolation of feng shui effects. Participants (n=134) provided a photograph of their bedroom onto which feng shui recommendations were sent long distance (for 4 months), using an instrumental biocommunication device with a computer, white-noise diode and fengshui recommendations database. Three groups were formed, one acted as control (double-blind protocol). Data was collected through self- evaluating questionnaires (n=10) on the quality of sleep and well-being. Data were statistically evaluated with R environment using linear mixed models and the analyses of variables: feng shui support, stress, age and bedroom evaluation. Results for sleep show feng shui as the most statistically significant variable (p=

The study of the fungal community composition in house dust is useful to assess the cumulative exposure to fungi in indoor environments. The objective of this research was to characterize the fungal diversity of house dust and its association with the environmental conditions of bedrooms. For this, the dust was collected from 41 bedrooms of children between the ages of 8 and 9 with a family history of asthma, residents of Havana, Cuba. The fungal content of each sample was determined by two methods: plate culture with Malt Extract Agar and by direct microscopy. An ecological analysis was carried out from the fungal diversity detected. To describe the factors associated with the fungi detected, bivariate logistic regression was used. Through direct microscopy, between 10-2311 fragments of hyphae and spores corresponding mainly to Cladosporium, Coprinus, Curvularia, Aspergillus/Penicillium, Xylariaceae, and Periconia were identified. Through the culture, 0–208 CFU were quantified, where Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Penicillium predominated. The culturability evidenced the differences between the quantification determined by both methods. A positive relationship was found between the type of cleaning of the furniture, the presence of trees in front of the bedroom, indoor relative humidity, indoor temperature, the presence of air conditioning by air conditioning and natural ventilation with specific spore types and genders. The use of two different identification methods allowed to detect a greater fungal diversity in the residences evaluated. Monitoring the exposure to these fungal allergens in childhood can help to prevent sensitization in the allergic child, the development of asthma and other respiratory diseases.

Boudoir photography is going through a renaissance. Having being rediscovered by whole new generation of amateur smartphone photographers and influencers, the genre has taken a new and exciting direction. The intimacy and erotic nature of this genre is now also injected with a dose of raw realism that further adds to the legitimacy of the image. This newly evolved aesthetic has been equally influential on fashion editorials and fashion ad campaigns from streetwear to luxury brands. In this series of photographs and the accompanying essay, the author/photographer aims to document such aesthetic by capturing the mood and fashion of the current times and analysis the background for such fashion editorial images.

This article is an analysis of “bedroom community” - a residential neighborhood – in the prospects for its transformations, as in the past and so in the future. Attention is focused on residential neighborhoods, primarily in post-Soviet cities. The “bedroom community” is considered here from the economic, cultural and spatial aspects in the context of the formation of the memory of the place in the city and in the everyday life of a separate social subject - a resident of the city place. In a biographical context, as an element of identity. Local identity is often more significant for a person than state or national. Residents of settlements mostly rather positively assess the environment of their everyday life, than outside observers and analysts. They are sometimes biased in their assessments. But they should form their analysis not exclusively from the standpoint of “best experience”, but from immersion in the specifics of local history and everyday life practices. The article analyzes the elements of criticism of dormitory areas in the advocacy position: what has been defined as a negative characteristic for a long time, has been rethought from the perspective of positive effects and prospects for renovation. Indeed, there is a sense in transforming the social space of «bedroom community», but moderate ones, with attention to the elements of the local sociocultural space. The article pays attention to the fact that the predicate “bedroom” in modern realities no longer corresponds to reality and is gradually becoming rudimentary. Because gradually the so-called “bedroom community” are turning into residential areas, or, as they are more accurately defined, “large residential complexes”, which include small business and trade, educational services, sports and leisure locations, and often branched transport systems. Large residential complexes – micro-districts - spaces of wide opportunities for the formation and strengthening of local urban communities through the development of “third places” - institutions and spaces that form communication links between local residents that satisfy such needs as small purchases of goods, beauty and recreation services, and etc. “Bedroom community”, being formed mainly by “first places” (home), actively form the memory of the locals - those who spend a significant part of their lives there, satisfy the basic needs of comfortable rest and a place free from work. Accordingly, when analyzing social memory, it is worth paying attention to the contexts of everyday life, which are no less significant in the formation of identity as a component of a broader context - historical memory.

A series of fire experiments were conducted in an ISO 9705 room in an attempt to reconstruct a multi-item room fire produced by individual items. Fuel items represented typical shapes and sizes of furniture in a bedroom including a double bed, bedside tables, wardrobe, dressing table and chair. As all of the fuel items were made of seasoned pine timber, these are termed as “mock furniture”. Double bed and bedside tables also had cotton sheets above them. The ignition was attained by using a steel tray of methylated spirit. This study is motivated by the fact that multi-item solid fuel-burning experimental results are rarely available. First, a number of standalone items within the ISO room were burnt separately. Then, all of the items were placed within the ISO room, and the fire was allowed to spread throughout the room from one item to another. An attempt was made to reconstruct the full room burning from individual item burning. The heat release rate of the reconstructed fire is different from that of the full room multi-item furniture burn experiment. A list of possible causes has been explained.

This study aimed to conduct an ozone application within a triage area that receives patients with suspected cases of COVID-19 The ozone application was carried out for 10 min to disinfect the air and surfaces of different rooms within the triage area A 3D model for ozone spread in the doctor’s office was developed Higher counts of bacteria (3 3 × 102 CFU · m−3) and fungi (1 3 × 103 CFU · m−3) before ozone treatment were observed in the administrative room, which experienced greater circulation by healthcare workers In this room, ozone was highly effective in reducing bacterial (95%;P

Background Customarily, bedrooms in Japan are left unheated. Although several studies have reported that the use of a heating system has positive outcomes on respiratory infection and asthma, the preventive effect of heating systems against infectious diseases in children is not well known. Methods We conducted a cohort study using two questionnaire surveys, one before the winter season in November, 2018 and the second after winter in March, 2019. Participants were 155 children who did not use a heating system in the bedroom and 156 children who did. Results Having a heated bedroom with a heating system was associated with decreased odds for the frequency of cold (≥3 times) (adjust odds ratio [AOR] 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19-0.65), duration of fever (≥3 days) (AOR 0.38; 95% CI, 0.22-0.66), duration of medicine for a cold (≥3 days) (AOR 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87-0.95), hospital visit due to cold (≥3 days) (AOR 0.54; 95% CI, 0.31-0.94), absence from school or nursery (≥3 days) (AOR 0.43; 95% CI, 0.27-0.70), influenza infection (AOR 0.43; 95% CI, 0.26-0.71), and gastroenteritis (AOR 0.39; 95% CI, 0.21-0.72). Influenza vaccination reduced the odds of influenza infection (AOR 0.36; 95% CI, 0.22-0.59) and absence from school or nursery (≥3 days) (AOR 0.62; 95% CI, 0.39-0.99). Conclusion This study implies that the heating of bedrooms may have a preventive effect against infections among children. Broader dissemination of this knowledge in Japan will require cultural change through public health awareness.

This field study aimed to investigate naturally ventilated bedroom environment and its effects on subjective perception and sleep quality. Totally, 104 healthy subjects living in urban areas of Beijing participated in the study for one night during transition seasons. Bedroom environment parameters, including temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 concentration, were recorded before and during sleep. Objective sleep quality was measured by Fitbit Alta 2, a wrist-type actigraphy sensor. Subjective assessments were collected by paper-based questionnaires on sleep quality and environmental perceptions. The results showed that neutral temperature for waking state (before sleep) was estimated to be 23.8°C while for sleep state it was 26.5°C. Furthermore, pre-sleep thermal sensation vote was found to be positively correlated with deep sleep percentage. Indoor air quality was correlated with sleep quality as indicated by statistically significant correlations between odor intensity assessment, air quality acceptability, average nightly CO2 concentration, and measures of sleep quality. For naturally ventilated bedrooms during transition seasons with a mild outdoor climate, present findings suggest that a bedroom with slightly warm pre-sleep environment than neutral, and with high ventilation as indicated by low indoor CO2 concentration, could be beneficial for sleep quality of residents.

Background Our objective was the validation of a scale to assess the hygiene hypothesis and the link between hygiene, and asthma among 3 to 5 years old Lebanese children in preschool.Methods Between November 2018 and March 2019, this cross-sectional study was carried out, enrolled 515 preschool children’ asthma and potential risk factors, including hygiene, were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. A specific hygiene hypothesis related scale was generated and validated for this purpose.Results Items related to the hygiene hypothesis scale have led to a convergence over a nine factors solution, having over than 1 Eigenvalue, which explains the variance total of 65.86%. Cronbach’s alpha values corresponding to the hygiene hypothesis related scale (0.696) was deemed acceptable. The backward logistic regression, taking as dependent variable the asthma’s presence or absence in child, showed that living in prairie (ORa=2.42), playing outside (ORa=2.80), having respiratory problems (ORa=4.18), attending a kindergarten (ORa=2.76), and having a sister with seasonal allergy (ORa=6.86) had significant association with increased odds of occurrence of children’s asthma. The hygiene hypothesis related score was not found to be associated with increased asthma odds (p=0.663).Conclusion Current findings suggested that home cleaning and personal cleanliness were not correlated with asthma in preschool children. Future studies will require more in-depth analyses of microbial exposure, allowing proper identification of unequivocal species and functional characteristics.

COVID-19 has highlighted the disruptive, cross-sectorial effects a sudden-onset pandemic has on a globally interconnected world. A particularly insidious component is the high percentage of asymptomatic cases allowing the virus to seed undetected. The design of residential architecture will need to adapt to the new reality that COVID-19 will not be the last coronavirus epidemic. This paper discusses the implications of COVID-19 for new residential construction. It argues for a containment space, separating the largely uncontrollable external environment from the internal threat-reduced residential space, for a separation of visitor entertainment areas and private sleeping areas, as well as the design of a spatially separated master bedroom that can double as a self-isolation space if the need arises. The implications of this new design on existing housing stock are also discussed. The advocated concepts are novel and advance the design considerations for future residential developments.

We describe characteristics associated with having coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among students residing on a university campus. Of 2,187 students, 528 (24.1%) received a COVID-19 diagnosis during fall semester 2020. Students sharing a bedroom or suite had approximately twice the odds of contracting COVID-19 as those living alone.

Highlights • Evidence of correlates for physical activity rely mostly on subjective metrics. • We included sensor-based physical activity, sedentary time, and self-reported cell phone time. • A multiplicity of correlates were hierarchized using Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection analysis in 2179 youths. • Girls, sport participation/facilities, neighborhood, and family must be prioritized., Background Evidence on correlates relies on subjective metrics and fails to include correlates across all levels of the ecologic model. We determined which correlates best predict sensor-based physical activity (PA), sedentary time (ST), and self-reported cell phone screen time (CST) in a large sample of youth, while considering a multiplicity of correlates. Methods Using sensor-based accelerometry, we assessed the PA and ST of 2179 youths. A χ2 automatic interaction detection algorithm was used to hierarchize the correlates associated with too much ST (> 50th percentile), insufficient moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) (, Graphical abstract Image, graphical abstract