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My mechanical engineering oriented technical work and my science, technology, and society (STS) research are connected through the idea of environmental sustainability and the affects to global warming through the transportation industry. The transportation industry accounts for a large amount of the greenhouse gas emissions which in turn has a large affect on the warming of our planet. A large amount of the greenhouse gasses emitted by the transportation industry can be accounted by the subsection of petrol and diesel engine automobiles. They technical work and research differ, however, in how they study and analyze the transportation industry. My technical work aims to provide technical solutions to the issue of greenhouse gas emission in the transportation and automobile industry. My research studies and analyzes a field case of immoral behavior in the car manufacturing industry. Although both projects have different goals and conclusions, they both relate in the theme of environmental conservatism in the transportation realm. My technical work aims to find a more sustainable and convenient solution to the automobile in the form of a human powered vehicle (HPV). My team (The University of Virginia’s HPV Team), designed and created a new HPV in the form of a semi-recumbent tricycle style vehicle with a steel frame and cage to provide the user with protection, as well as a lightweight fairing to help with aerodynamic and efficiency. This new HPV is robust enough to be used in a variety of different terrains and uses and convenient enough to be used as an everyday commuter in a city like Charlottesville. The vehicle prioritizes the safety of the user frontmost, as well as comfort, convenience, and durability. Learnings from UVa’s mechanical engineering program, as well as software such as 3D Computer Aided Design and Computational Fluid Dynamics, and machining skills such as welding and molding were all implemented into the design and completion of this HPV. In my STS Research project, I study a field case of Volkswagen’s “clean diesel” engine vehicles and the moral compass surrounding the engineers who took part of the project. Volkswagen used a defeat device software to deceive governmental regulation as well as the general public on the emission count that many of their diesel vehicles produced. I used the ethical theory of virtue ethics to analyze the moral valance of the decisions and actions performed by Volkswagen’s engineers during their “clean diesel” project. I claim that due to the lack of embodiment of some of Pritchard’s virtues for morally responsible engineers: professionalism, ability to communicate clearly and informatively, and perseverance, Volkswagen’s engineers acted immorally. I analyze specific decisions and actions made by these engineers and justify them as immoral behavior on the bases of the specified virtues listed above. To justify a group as immoral engineers, they must fail to embody just one of Pritchard’s virtues for morally responsible engineers. Working on both projects simultaneously added great value to the understanding and completion of both. By first researching and studying the effects of the petrol and diesel automotive industry on global warming in my technical report, I was able to understand necessary background and context for my research paper. Also, while studying the moral behavior of responsible engineers in my research paper, I was able to implement this into the design and manufacturing of our HPV and create an artifact that was moral, safe for the user, and effective in mitigating environmental damage. Working on both projects in tandem truly gave me the insight and confidence to pursue and complete each project with accuracy and morality.

My technical work and Science, Technology, and Society (STS) research are connected via the thread of transportation alternatives to combustion-powered vehicles. The human-powered vehicle competition is an annual competition hosted by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) that brings together collegiate teams from around the world who compete their recumbent tricycles in design, innovation, and performance competitions. This requires applied research into this field to design and manufacture a competitive human-powered vehicle that could act as an alternative to combustion vehicles for commuters. The STS research differs because it instead utilizes pure research by investigating why the Charlottesville Transportation Network is failing through an Actor-Network framework. The related research and the theme of transportation is consistent throughout. My technical work includes the design, force/stress analysis, and manufacturing of a semi-recumbent tricycle for the HPVC competition hosted by ASME. Rollover protection, steering, shifting, braking, and fairing systems were designed during the fall semester after conducting thorough research into the field of human-powered vehicles and specifically sem-recumbent delta tricycles. The vehicle was then manufactured from a blend of off-the-shelf and self-manufactured parts. The design changed during manufacturing to improve performance and optimize the strength to weight ratio of the teams’ frame. After manufacturing, comprehensive testing was completed to optimize performance and to construct a lesson’s learned document. The lessons learned document was created with advice on how to improve design, manufacturing, and performance at future competitions. It was also created with the intent to foster a more continuous and iterative design process as the HPVC team continues to compete in the future. The teams’ attempt to design efficient and easy-to-use recumbent tricycles as an attractive alternative to combustion vehicles led to the investigation of my STS research. The technical research led to the investigation of the Charlottesville Transportation Network. Having lived in Charlottesville for four years, the car as the dominant means of transportation has made travel inefficient, slow, and environmentally unfriendly. My research sought to apply the STS framework of Actor-Network Theory to analyze why the network performs as ineffectively as it does and why alternatives, such as public transit or human-powered pedestrian travel, have not proliferated. My research explores the mismanagement of human actors and non-human actors by the network builder and why their relationships have led to the underperformance. The research aims to increase scholarship specifically surrounding Charlottesville with city-specific data from VDOT, Charlottesville’s OpenData Traffic Portal, and interviews from local experts. The dominance of cars has led to pollution, traffic, and stifling of alternative commuting solutions and the research aims to inform the network builder of their ineffective management of the network. Working on the technical project is what led to my interest in the Charlottesville Transportation network and why the STS research was conducted. Having the opportunity to investigate the failings of the network builder informed certain design choices for the technical project. The research for both informed the effectiveness of human-powered travel and how the transportation networks both in Charlottesville and in other cities will need to evolve in the future to adjust with changing societal priorities. In conclusion, working on both my technical project and STS paper over the past year has informed my awareness of transportation in cities and how design choices need to be considered not solely for efficiency but also for considering actors who will use technical artifacts.

Colmaquinas S.A. es una empresa colombiana que cuenta con 60 años de experiencia en el desarrollo de la industria del país, la cual se desempeña en sectores como: Sector de alimentos y bebidas, sector petroquímico, plantas termoeléctricas, sector azucarero, sector minero, plantas de biocombustible, sector petrolero, sector papelero, plantas cementeras. Colmaquinas S.A. tiene la capacidad técnica y administrativa para llevar a cabo la ejecución de proyectos a gran escala, lo cual les permite ofrecer soluciones en ingeniería y productos fabricados en su planta, la cual cuenta con altos niveles de tecnología en toda su línea de calderas y equipos en beneficio de todos sus clientes. El presente proyecto de grado tiene como objetivo dar seguimiento al proceso de elaboración del estado de arte y posterior diseño de un instructivo para la puesta en funcionamiento de calderas pirotubulares bajo especificaciones de diseño; basándose en normas internacionales como la ASME y el RTC (reglamento técnico de calderas) se logra generar soluciones al interrogante de cuáles son las actividades a realizar por un profesional con conocimientos globales (teóricos) pero poco específicos en el área de la instrumentación de calderas. Para ello, se hace uso de documentación de la empresa Colmaquinas S.A y asesoría de sus empleados que permite de manera general, contextualizar la transición del conocimiento teórico impartido en los centros de educación superior, al conocimiento práctico requerido en la industria. Logrando de esta manera, facilitar la experiencia de nuevos practicantes en el tema de instrumentación Colmaquinas S.A. It is a Colombian company that has 60 years of experience in the development of the country's industry, which works in sectors such as: Food and beverage sector, petrochemical sector, thermoelectric plants, sugar sector, mining sector, biofuel plants, oil sector, paper industry, cement plants. Colmaquinas S.A. It has the technical and administrative capacity to carry out the execution of largescale projects, which allows them to offer engineering solutions and products manufactured in its plant, which has high levels of technology throughout its boiler and equipment line. benefit of all its customers. The purpose of this degree project is to follow up the process of elaboration of the state of the art and subsequent design of an instruction manual for putting into operation pyrotubular boilers under design specifications; Based on international standards such as ASME and the RTC (technical boiler regulation), it is possible to generate solutions to the question of what are the activities to be carried out by a professional with global knowledge (theoretical) but little specific in the area of boiler instrumentation. For this, documentation is used by the company Colmaquinas S.A and advice of its employees that allows, in a general way, to contextualize the transition of theoretical knowledge imparted in higher education centers, to the practical knowledge required in the industry. Achieving this way, facilitate the experience of new practitioners in the subject of instrumentation Pasantía Institucional (Ingeniero Mecatrónico)-- Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, 2020 Pregrado Ingeniero(a) Mecatrónico(a)

AİLE SAĞLIK MERKEZLERİNİN ERİŞİLEBİLİRLİK VE KULLANILABİLİRLİK AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: BİNGÖL İLİYÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİİmran BARANDİCLE ÜNİVERSİTESİFEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜMİMARLIK ANABİLİM DALI2019Sağlık sistemlerindeki gelişmeler doğrultusunda, toplumun değişmez temel ihtiyaçlarından biri olan ve birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde bulunan aile sağlık merkezlerinin önemi gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Toplumun refah seviyesinin yükselebilmesi için kentlerde birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinin yeterli bir şekilde karşılanması ve hastanelerdeki yığılmaların önlenmesi amacıyla ülkemizde aile sağlık merkezleri kurulmaktadır. Ancak, aile sağlık merkezlerinde uygulanan ayrıntılı bir mimari program ve ergonomik tasarım kriterleri söz konusu değildir. Aile sağlık merkezlerinde mekân büyüklükleri, mekanlar arası sirkülasyon ve bundan dolayı oluşan problemler çalışma konusunu belirlemiştir.Çalışmada, ayakta teşhis ve tedavi hizmetlerinin, kentlere götürülebilmesi amacıyla kurulacak aile sağlık merkezlerinin, mekânsal ihtiyaç programlamasında ve tasarımında uygulanabilecek ergonomik kriterlerin erişilebilirlik ve kullanılabilirlik bağlamında belirlenmesine çalışılmıştır. Çalışma alanı olarak seçilen Bingöl ilinde çeşitli semtlerde kurulan aile sağlık merkezlerinde bu yaklaşımla inceleme ve değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Aile sağlık merkezleri belirlenirken, semtlerin nüfus yoğunluğu ve sosyo-ekonomik durumu göz önüne alınmıştır. Literatür taraması yöntemiyle Bingöl ilindeki bazı örnekler incelenerek, mekân tasarımları ergonomik açıdan değerlendirilmiştir. Veriler, kullanıcılara yöneltilen sorulara verilen yanıtlara bağlı olarak elde edilmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesi anket sistemi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Anket uygulanan ASM'lerin bulunduğu semtlerde, bölgenin demografik yapısı incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda ASM'leri sıklıkla kullanan kullanıcıların yaş grupları ve eğitim durumları belirlenmiştir. Bu değerlendirmeler sonucunda, ülkemizde kurulacak aile sağlık merkezlerinin erişilebilirlik ve kullanılabilirlik açısından ergonomik tasarım kriterlerine uygun olabilmesi için öneriler geliştirilmiştir.Çalışma alanı, Bingöl il merkezinde bulunan ve kent nüfusunun yoğun olduğu 3 aile sağlığı merkezi olarak belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen aile sağlık merkezlerinde mekânsal analizler, mekânların erişilebilirlik ve kullanılabilirlik özelliklerinin yanında, sağlık çalışanlarının, hasta ve hasta yakınlarının, aile sağlık merkezi hizmetlerini değerlendirmelerine yönelik olarak tanımlayıcı bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçların hangilerinin tasarım aşamasında kriter olması gerektiği konusunda öneriler sunulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda oluşturulan öneriler yeni yapılacak aile sağlık merkezlerine tasarım parametreleri oluşturma açısından önemli rol oynamaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Aile Sağlık Merkezi, Erişilebilirlik, Kullanılabilirlik Ergonomi, Sağlık, Semt, Tasarım kriteri, Hasta, Doktor. EVALUATION OF FAMILY HEALTH CENTERS IN ACCESSIBILITY AND AVAILABILITY: CİTY OF BİNGÖLMASTER THESISİmran BARANDEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE INSTITUTE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCESUNIVERSITY OF DICLE2019In line with the developments in health systems, the importance of family health centers, one of the fundamental needs of the society and providing primary health care services, is increasing day by day. In order to increase the welfare level of the society, family health centers are being established in our country in order to provide adequate primary health care services in cities and to prevent the crowds in hospitals. However, there is no detailed architectural program and ergonomic design criteria applied in family health centers. The size of the space in the family health centers, the circulation between the spaces and the problems that arise due to this have determined the subject of the study.In this study, it has been tried to determine the ergonomic criteria that can be applied in spatial needs programming and design of family health centers to be established in order to take out the outpatient diagnosis and treatment services in the context of accessibility and usability. In this study, family health centers established in various districts of Bingöl province were selected as the study area. In determining the family health centers, population density and socio-economic status of the districts were taken into consideration.Some of the examples in Bingöl province were examined by literature review and the place designs were evaluated ergonomically. The data were obtained from the answers to the questions directed to the users. The data were evaluated using a questionnaire system. The demographic structure of the districts where ASMs were surveyed was examined. In this context, age groups and educational status of users who frequently use ASMs were determined. As a result of these evaluations, suggestions have been developed to ensure that the family health centers to be established in our country meet the ergonomic design criteria in terms of accessibility and usability.The study area has been identified as 3 family health centers in the city center of Bingöl with a high population. In addition to the spatial analysis, accessibility and usability characteristics of the designated health centers, a descriptive study was conducted for health workers, patients and their relatives to evaluate family health center services. Suggestions were made on which of the results should be the criteria in the design stage. The recommendations created as a result of the study play an important role in creating design parameters for the new family health centers.Keywords: Family Health Center, Accessibility, Usability Ergonomics, Health, Neighborhood, Design criteria, Patient, Doctor. 122