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Phrenitis is ubiquitous in ancient medicine and philosophy. Galen mentions the disease innumerable times, Patristic authors take it as a favourite allegory of human flaws, and no ancient doctor fails to diagnose it and attempt its cure. Yet the nature of this once famous disease has not been properly understood by scholars. My book provides the first full history of phrenitis. In doing so, it surveys ancient ideas about the interactions between body and soul, both in health and in disease. It also addresses ancient ideas about bodily health, mental soundness and moral 'goodness', and their heritage in contemporary psychiatry, offering a chance to reflect critically on contemporary ideas about what it means to be 'insane'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay is split into two thought experiments. The first will be to diffract ressentiment through the works of Gloria Anzaldúa and Édouard Glissant. I will create a bridge with decolonial thought by interpreting Anzaldúa's concept of the nopal de castilla and mestiza consciousness through the interpretive lens of ressentiment to show the affinity that exists between the work of Anzaldúa and Nietzsche. I then look at ressentiment through some of the concepts Glissant offers in the Poetics of Relation. I argue that ressentiment resists the creolization of identity and culture, and that Glissant's demand for the right to opacity for all signals the overcoming of ressentiment. The second experiment diffracts ressentiment through Eduardo Viveiros de Castro's Cannibal Metaphysics , beginning with an analysis of the most relevant points of that text for our discussion, then putting our diffracted ressentiment in conversation with the Brazilian anthropologist's post-structural interpretation of Amerindian perspectivism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper aims to explore the development of entrepreneurship, tracing its roots to the emergence of the concept of the Startup "the emerging institution" in ancient philosophical thought. We analyze this progression through a survey of ideas from early Greek philosophers. Plato's concepts form the foundation of this study, suggesting that the notion of "the emerging institution" has deep ties to Greek civilization and philosophy, particularly with the idea of utopia. Aristotle's thoughts on ownership and household management further supported this notion. Following this, we examine the contributions of Ibn Khaldun in Islamic economic thought, as well as those of Adam Smith and David Ricardo in classical economic theory. Together, these ideas demonstrate that the concept of "the emerging institution" originated within Greek civilization. Initially, it was seen as the individual within their household, a purely philosophical concept. Over time, this idea has evolved into its modern form, linking academia to broader society, particularly through Decree 1275, which pertains to "the emerging institution". This reinforces the Greek notion by introducing the concept of the entrepreneur, which also returns to the individual’s personal activity and ownership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Life Worth Living in Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy" by David Machek is a scholarly monograph that explores the concept of a life worth living in ancient philosophy. Machek analyzes various philosophical texts to reconstruct six different theories on what makes human life valuable. He argues that this question is distinct from happiness and has relevance to contemporary issues such as clinical practice and end-of-life care. The book offers a meticulous and analytical approach, making it a valuable resource for scholars of ancient philosophy. It is available through EBSCO inc. and can be accessed through the Philosophy Documentation Center's website. [Extracted from the article]

This text explores the concept of σωφροσύνη, or temperance, in classical Greece. It delves into the various meanings and interpretations of σωφροσύνη, going beyond self-control to include self-mastery, self-knowledge, and inner harmony. The author examines ancient texts and debates to understand the complexities of σωφροσύνη and its relationship to other virtues. The text also considers the challenges of interpreting σωφροσύνη and its relevance in contemporary society. It provides valuable insights into this Greek virtue and its significance in ancient Greek philosophy. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the views of Epictetus, a Stoic philosopher, on the distinction between Stoics and non-Stoics. It delves into topics such as tranquility, rationality, and souls, as well as the negative aspects of passions, embodiment, and everyday people. The author argues that Epictetus held a sense of contempt towards everyday people but also emphasized the importance of learning from them and forming Stoic communities for support. The article acknowledges the challenging aspects of Epictetus' views but commends the author for presenting an honest analysis of his philosophy. It also discusses the concepts of ἰδιώτης and σωφροσύνη, highlighting their ethical and political implications in Stoicism. [Extracted from the article]

The article "Aristotle's Ontology of Artefacts" by Marilù Papandreou discusses Aristotle's perspective on artefacts and their ontological status. Papandreou argues that artefacts are not accidental beings or reducible to mere matter, but rather they undergo unqualified coming-to-be and can be considered substances in the Categories. However, in the Metaphysics, artefacts are not considered substances because they fail to meet the unity criterion. Papandreou's book aims to provide a guide for contemporary metaphysicians and historians of philosophy, offering a coherent account of artefacts and proposing a novel solution to why they are ontologically inferior to living beings. The article also raises two issues challenging Papandreou's main thesis, concerning the distinction between diachronic matter in artefacts and natural substances, and the relationships between matter and form in artefacts and living beings. Counterexamples are presented to dispute Papandreou's analysis. The text also explores the relationship between form and matter in both natural substances and artifacts, and different interpretations of this relationship in artifacts. The author critiques one interpretation for not providing a clear criterion for determining the identity of parts, and suggests that the distinction between artifacts and living beings needs further development. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses Lorenzo Giovannetti's book on Plato's philosophy, specifically focusing on the intertwining of being and logos in Plato's thought. The book covers three main themes: the theory of forms, the definition of knowledge as perception and its critique in the Theaetetus, and themes from the central digression in the Sophist. Giovannetti argues for a realist interpretation of Plato's philosophy, contrasting it with the sophistical view of truth and reality. The book offers insights into Platonic metaphysics, epistemology, and philosophy of language, and provides a macro-level account of Plato's thinking. [Extracted from the article]

Joachim Aufderheide's book, "Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics Book X: Translation and Commentary," is a unique departure from the typical translation and commentary genre. Unlike other commentators, Aufderheide provides a comprehensive commentary on the entire text of Book X, dividing it into 100 lemmata and offering short articles on each lemma. His focus is primarily on philosophical issues, rather than paleography or translation. Aufderheide's commentary is characterized by detailed reconstructions of Aristotle's arguments, alternative interpretations, and critical assessments. While his work may be challenging for readers unfamiliar with the text, it is a valuable resource for scholars studying specific passages in Book X. [Extracted from the article]

Raphael Woolf's book, "Plato's Charmides," provides a thorough examination of Plato's ethical dialogue on temperance. Woolf's interpretation is based on analyzing the text independently and separating Plato's intentions from Socrates'. He argues that Socrates' interactions are driven by erotic desire, specifically to access Charmides' beautiful soul. Woolf also suggests that Plato aims to encourage readers to critically evaluate the arguments presented. The document is a review of Woolf's book, praising his attention to detail and analysis of Socrates' questioning methods. It acknowledges that some readers may struggle with Woolf's emphasis on eros and mentions opposing viewpoints on focusing solely on the Charmides. The reviewer concludes that Woolf's book is essential for those studying the dialogue. [Extracted from the article]

Haṭhayoga texts, influential in the development of modern posture-based yoga, offer a conceptual framework intertwining physical cultivation, health, and soteriological aims. This article explores two interconnected inquiries regarding early Haṭhayoga texts: How do they conceptualize health, and how do they perceive the relationship between health and soteriology? These investigations illuminate the place of health in early yoga texts within Hindu traditions prior to its global recognition. This article reveals that early haṭha texts present a holistic approach to health, highlighting the interconnectedness of curing the mind and healing the body. This process entails not only eradicating physical diseases but also the transcendence of all forms of suffering. The transformative process of eliminating the misleading self-identity (ahaṁkāra) is pivotal, leading directly to health. This relationship extends beyond metaphorical comparisons of healing ignorance and suffering. This ontological framework proposes a harmonious integration between the material and soteriological realms, viewing the healthy body as a physical manifestation of the divine essence. Thus, the emergence of the biomedical discourse surrounding yoga in modern times did not occur autonomously. Haṭhayoga, with its roots dating back to the beginning of the second millennium CE, played a crucial role in shaping this historical transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Wherever there is smoke there must be fire." In 1957, Aram M. Frenkian noticed that both ancient Greek and Indian philosophy makes use of the smoke-fire analogy as a model for inferential reasoning. He postulated that Greek use of the example reflected Indian influence on Greek philosophy which was mediated through the works of Pyrrho, the founder of Sceptisicm, who had accompanied Alexander the Great on his Indian campaign (327-5 BCE) and learnt from Indian sages ('gymnosophists' as the Greeks called them). More recent scholarship mainly shares his views. In the present paper, I argue that the smoke-fire example formed part of a complex theory of sign inference, and that not only the isolated analogy, but the theory as a whole which it illustrates is present in both cultures. Furthermore, the variants of this theory comprise such close and extended similarities that they must be the result of direct contact between Indian and Greek thinkers, although it is impossible to decide whether they stem from a common origin, or are the result of influence from one culture to the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The position of human sciences in Gadamer's philosophy is one of the challenging issues in his thought. Human sciences or spiritual sciences (Geisteswissenschaften) is one of the things that has a serious presence in Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics; The central issue is what is the relationship between Gadamer's philosophy and humanities. In one reading because of Gadamer's hermeneutics failing to connect hermeneutics to the human sciences in an attempt to develop the Dilthey project, and in accordance with the developments of postmodernity, it has prepared a pluralistic method, multicultural and truth-free methods for human sciences, or there is not a direct connection between Gadamer's hermeneutics and the human sciences and philosophical hermeneutics is only about hermeneutic existence of Dasein. By criticizing both of the above readings, this article shows that the recovery of the fundamental meaning of truth and then knowledge in Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics puts a fundamental meaning of human sciences on the table and together with ancient practical philosophy in a way that It also can be used as a basis for discovering the meaning of other components of Gadamer's philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Heidegger in Ruins: Between Philosophy and Ideology" by Richard Wolin is a book that examines the political beliefs of philosopher Martin Heidegger and their influence on far-right movements. The author argues that Heidegger's philosophical work is intertwined with his support for the Nazi Party, and discusses the mistranslations and omissions in his writings that have obscured his antisemitism. The book aims to challenge Heidegger's legacy and promote democratic and pluralistic political frameworks. It also highlights Heidegger's exclusionary concept of "Bodenständigkeit" and his active promotion of Nazi ideology within academia. The author emphasizes the importance of exposing and confronting fascist ideologies to prevent their resurgence. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dido, Queene of Carthage is calibrated to disrupt the smooth passage of the translation of empire and studies embraced by humanist pedagogy. Taking full advantage of the theatrical affordances offered by the boy actors of the Children of her Majesty's Chapel, the play aims to whisk its target audience, the sophisticated wits of the Inns of Court, back to their early encounters with the matter of Troy in their studies of Vergil and Ovid in grammar school. This essay focuses on the play's first two acts to show how Marlowe deploys the materials of classical letters and rhetoric in ways that test and contest their ideological functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document titled "Continental Philosophy and Christian Beliefs: Truth in Being" examines the connection between continental philosophy and Christian beliefs. It explores how concepts like time, truth, existence, death, alterity/otherness, and God are approached in phenomenological, ontological, and theological perspectives. The document highlights the contributions of philosophers like Emmanuel Levinas and Martin Heidegger to the conversation between philosophy and theology. It emphasizes the role of imagination in understanding truth in being and how this understanding can inform Christian beliefs. The document concludes by presenting twelve papers that offer different viewpoints on the relationship between continental philosophy and Christian beliefs, encouraging readers to delve deeper into these themes. The text also discusses religious experience, the dangers of self-interest and idolatry, the importance of dialogue and dissent in the Church, and the need for a more inclusive and egalitarian approach to governance. It addresses the challenges of living in a secular and post-Christian world, emphasizing the sacredness of the divine presence and the hope for a future of truth and goodness. Overall, the text provides valuable insights into the intersection of Christian beliefs and continental thought. [Extracted from the article]

Acidic substances were known for thousands of years, and their macroscopic-sensory characteristics were reflected by words in most ancient languages. In the Western canon, the history of the concept of acidity goes back to Ancient Greece. In Greek, the word associated with acidity from its early literary references was ὀξύς ("sharp"), and still in contemporary Greek the words "sour" and "acidic" have the same root. This paper makes a short presentation of the appearance of the abstract concept in the works of Plato and Aristotle and relates it, on one side to the already existing theological-philosophical tradition, starting with Hesiod´s Theogony and on the other, to the then available to the Greeks organoleptic experiences of sourness-vinegar and sour milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the book "Cosmology and Biology in Ancient Philosophy: From Thales to Avicenna," which focuses on ancient philosophy from the sixth century BCE to the eleventh century, highlighting the works of philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, and Avicenna. The book explores the intersection of biology and cosmology in ancient philosophical thought, emphasizing concepts like the cosmic soul and the relationship between celestial bodies and living beings. It also touches on modern philosophical ideas like panpsychism and the Gaia Hypothesis, drawing parallels between ancient and contemporary perspectives on the cosmos. [Extracted from the article]

"The Astronomical System of Aristotle: An Interpretation" is a book review published in the Journal of Astronomical History & Heritage in December 2024. The book, written by Gerardo Botteri and Roberto Casazza, offers a revised English translation of their original Spanish publication from 2015. The authors aim to reconstruct Aristotle's celestial system based on a single sentence from his writing, providing insights into his physics and metaphysics. The book delves into the complexities of Aristotle's astronomical theories, highlighting the differences between modern and ancient perspectives on celestial motions and cosmology. [Extracted from the article]

This work identifies the differences in the relevance of online endorsers' physical attractiveness and expertise depending on whether an endorsed product is related to attractiveness. It provides a new perspective regarding the source-credibility model and explores unprecedented relationships. To date, many studies investigating online endorsers have focused on attractiveness-related products, but online endorsers are also employed for attractiveness-unrelated products. Practitioners therefore need to know which requirements are relevant to attractiveness-unrelated products. However, no existing study has compared online endorsers of attractiveness-related or attractiveness-unrelated products. Our investigation is based on an empirical experiment including 576 participants, analyzed with structural equation modeling. The subsamples are compared by multigroup analysis, resulting in counterintuitive results. Both online endorsers and practitioners can greatly benefit from our findings. Our findings indicate that attractiveness is a relevant requirement for both types of products, although attractiveness has a stronger impact on brand-related variables of attractiveness-related products. Male attractiveness is also more relevant than female attractiveness regarding attractiveness-related products. Concerning expertise, we find no differences between the two types of products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The confrontation between Greek philosophy and the Biblical heritage has led to a wealth of different currents, varying from Christian and Jewish neo-Platonism to religious convictions that proclaim a complete rupture between creation and the highest hidden god. Although this rupture has its roots in a Platonic concept of a demiurge who as a lower divinity is supposed to be responsible for creation, in Gnosticism this chasm has been deepened to become no less than an abhorrence for embodied "material" existence, together with sheer contempt for the demiurge who is described as jealous, foolish and blind. Freeing the divine element/spark from the imprisonment in matter, an imprisonment concocted by this jealous demiurge, is the general aim of many Gnostic tracts. In the Hypostasis of the Archons, wisdom from above, surprisingly often gendered as female, but not as embodied, serves as a redeemer figure, named Sophia. This has led to an exegesis of revolt in which Eve becomes the source of this higher Wisdom, strengthened by the serpent of the Biblical story of Paradise, who likewise symbolizes this higher Wisdom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper employs structural topic modeling (STM) to describe the academic philosophy landscape in Brazil. Based on a public national database, a corpus consisting of 12,515 abstracts of monographs defended in philosophy graduate programs between 1991 and 2021 was compiled. The final STM model identified 74 meaningful research topics, clustered into 7 thematic categories. This study discusses the prevalence of the most significant topics and categories, their trends across three decades, and their (positive or negative) association with the supervisor's gender. Results show the first empirical evidence that Brazilian philosophical research exhibits a greater focus on philosophers than on specific themes or problems. Moreover, by visualizing the variations in topic prevalence over time, it was possible to track the rise or decline of the major interest categories and topics. Finally, results also show which topics are more influenced or less influenced by gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Giovanni Casertano, a renowned Italian philosopher specialized in Ancient Philosophy, passed away on December 21, 2023 in Naples. He left a significant legacy for the academic community around the world. Casertano was born on March 6, 1941 in San Prisco and was a professor of Ancient Philosophy History at the University of Naples "Federico II". He also had a strong influence from Marxism and was the personal secretary of Amadeo Bordiga, founder of the Communist Party of Italy. Casertano focused his studies on Plato and organized biennial Platonic congresses. His work covers a wide range of authors and periods, with over three hundred publications. In Brazil, he collaborated with various scholars and had his works translated into Portuguese. The text highlights Casertano's generosity and freedom of thought, as well as his materialistic and consistent stance. [Extracted from the article]

The book by Professor Bruno Loureiro Conte proposes a solution to the problem of the place of Doxa in Parmenides' Poem. The author argues that the devaluation of Doxa is the result of the hegemonic reading of Fülleborn and the tradition inaugurated by Diels and Kranz. Conte argues that Doxa should be reduced to the cosmic arrangement of opposites or that it has two stages, the first being the cosmic arrangement and the second being the cosmogonic account. He also rehabilitates Doxa by interpreting the goddess's speech as a revealed teaching to be learned. The text discusses the interpretation of the goddess's discourse in Parmenides' poem and the relationship between his cosmogony and Parmenidean philosophy. The author argues that the modern interpretation of the goddess's discourse is mistaken and that the assertion that the second path is not "true" does not imply the rejection of truth. Furthermore, the text analyzes Parmenides' reception by Aristotle, highlighting how the Greek philosopher creates artificial debates to develop his own system of thought. The author also suggests that Aristotle recognized a cosmological discourse in Parmenides' poem. The author discusses Parmenides' doctrine of opposites as principles of nature, citing Aristotle's testimony as an important source of information. He also analyzes Parmenides' choice of hexameter verse and argues that the poem's goal was to convey a new image of the world, representing space as a spherical universe. The author highlights the presence of a cosmogonic discourse in the second part of the poem, revealing the permanent structure of reality. However, he raises objections regarding the main thesis and points out editorial problems in the book. The text questions the characterization of Greek philosophy as a transition from myth to logos, highlighting [Extracted from the article]

The aim of the paper is to answer to the following question: was Plato a plagiarist of the Pythagoreans? The suspicion arises from an old tradition according to which Plato is accused of having plagiarized a supposed work currently lost of Philolaus of Croton. The Timaeus was taken as object of analysis in order to verify the existence of passages that could suggest this kind of activity. To this purpose, it was done a mapping of the main “Pythagorean” theories identifiable in the Timaeus, based on a review of the history of critical thinking. It was concluded that, undeniably, there is an explicit reference to the Pythagoreanism in the platonic work, which, however, does not constitute plagiarism, but rather can be better be understood as a Pythagorean influence, since Plato ends up transposing “Pythagorean” theories – as well as those of other Presocratic philosophers – for his own philosophical purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the presentation of the theme of pleonexia (the desire to always have more) by Thrasymachus, a character in Plato’s Republic. It explores his description of the kratos (predominance) as he observes it in real cities and the normative conclusion he seems to draw from this diagnosis: having more (pleon ekhein) is the path to prosperity. From the point of view of his characterization, we will also note the competitive attitudes that Thrasymachus demonstrates in the dialogue with Socrates, making it seem that persuasion would be a dispute in which persuading is equivalent to winning, while being persuaded is equivalent to losing; but learning by mutual cooperation does not seem to be an option for him. The article is divided into three parts: I) Thrasymachus’ eristic treatment of persuasion, II) the presentation of the theme of the psycho-political motive through the use of the word kratos, III) Thrasymachus’, Glaucon’s and Socrates’ thematization of pleonexia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a traditional Chinese medical practice, has gradually evolved into a coherent and systematic medical science based on natural principles and applied to human beings over time. The publication of the "Huangdi Neijing" (The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine, Written between the Warring States period and the Qin and Han Dynasties, and finally compiled in the Western Han Dynasty, from 475 B.C.E.-8 C.E.) signified the establishment of a comprehensive theoretical framework for Chinese medicine. Due to the perspective of the 'correspondence between heaven and man' in TCM, the purpose of this paper is to explore the origin and development of the basic theories of TCM under the ancient astronomical view and the connection between the two. Methods: This paper emphases on the universe uninty with the humanities, philosophy, and medicine, starting with the forms of stargazing in ancient Chinese astronomy and the natural laws derived by the ancients from their observations of natural celestial phenomena. Results: Astronomy, arts and crafts, divination and medical correlations are based on the sequential changes of natural seasons. Conclusion: The operation of natural celestial phenomena and the characteristics of physical phenomena correspond to human physiology, and the development of the basic theories of Chinese medicine is inextricably linked to ancient astronomy, ancient philosophy, and ancient primeval science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of Arga and Bilig serves as a foundational principle in both ancient Mongolian philosophy and traditional Mongolian medicine (TMM). Arga, symbolized by brightness and associated with qualities of fire and activity, complements Bilig, symbolized by darkness and representing attributes of water and stillness. Together, these opposing forces permeate all aspects of existence, from the genesis of parenthood to the interplay of day and night. Understanding Arga-Bilig is crucial for diagnosing and treating diseases, as it illuminates the source of imbalance within the body. This review provides an overview of the significance of Arga-Bilig in Mongolian philosophy and its application in TMM, emphasizing the dynamic interplay of these opposing forces and their role in maintaining balance and harmony within the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deconstruction, a postmodernist movement, has roots in ancient Greek and medieval philosophy and has been greatly influenced by Nietzsche's ideas. Jacques Derrida's ideas have contributed to the spread of this movement in literary criticism. This article examines postmodernism, deconstruction, and its roots, including formal criticism, criticism of Western centrism, interpretive philosophy, and Heidegger's ideas. Deconstructionist concepts include trace, difference, voice, evidence, writing, distraction, and text. The article follows a descriptive approach, focusing on the key concepts of deconstructive reading and its methodological problems. Deconstructionists believe that there is no literary text except for its ambiguities and infinite meanings. However, deconstruction has faced criticisms, including the increasing interest in hermeneutics and those who argue that it is a reformulation of older forms of skepticism. The article aims to shed light on the foundations of deconstructive criticism and its methodological problems; deconstructionist concepts such as trace, difference, voice, evidence, writing, distraction, and text are examined. The article follows a descriptive approach. One of the most obvious consequences of this is that deconstructionists believe that there is no literary text except for the ambiguities and infinite meanings it contains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Savinien Cyrano de Bergerac's (1619–55) tale of a voyage to the sun, Les États et Empires du Soleil, a cosmic traveller's physical body, as well as his light-propelled spacecraft, undergo eerie transformations. After the vehicle shines like enamel and gold in blazing sun rays, it fades to transparency. Meanwhile, the narrator's body becomes diaphanous, revealing inner organs that gleam in hues of scarlet, vermillion, and garnet. This article develops a close reading of this passage. The authors analyse the passage's narrative descriptions, first alongside Neoplatonic metaphors of saintly bodies as prisms for divine light, then in relation to early modern discourse about optics, magnetism, and anatomy, and finally as burlesque allusions to an infant's conception and birth. At length, the authors suggest that these descriptions can inspire feelings of ecstasy, insolence, and yearning in readers, and that this array of sentiments can facilitate an experience of freeing the imagination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Filosofía (0034-8244) is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Filosofía (0034-8244) is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Filosofía (0034-8244) is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Logos: Anales del Seminario de Metafísica (1575-6866) is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, the author addresses the problem of the translation of a passage from the Chalcedonian Creed as found in the Dokumenty Soborów Powszechnych. The author’s thesis is that it does not correspond to the theological thought of the Council Fathers behind this part of the definition. The aim of the article is to justify this thesis and to propose an alternative translation. The method used is complex. Firstly, the author reconstructs the genesis of the passage through a study of the historical and philosophical-theological context of its origin and a literary analysis. Then, based on the results of this research, the author carries out an analysis of the Fathers’ Christology contained in the passages, which allows the initial translation to be called into question. The article is therefore divided as follows: a grammatical analysis of the passage; the wide and the narrow context of the origin of the text of the creed; a literary analysis; a theological analysis and the presentation of the new translation. In addition to the text of the Confession, the main sources studied are Cyril of Alexandria’s Epistula Altera ad Nestorium and Pope Leo’s Tomus ad Flavianum. The conclusions of the research highlight well the difference between the heretics and the Church Fathers in the use of ancient philosophy to express the faith. They furthermore reveal a metaphysical novum of the concepts of person and nature arising from the content of the Creed and the patristic reflection of the time, an issue which is still relevant today and which the translation discussed above unfortunately somewhat overshadows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kepes is the property of Universidad de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Value denotes the desired and appropriate, as opposed to the existing, real. To understand the nature of value, the realization that the understanding of reality and truth does not have a clear answer to the question "what is value?" became paramount. Truth answers the question of what reality is, and value answers the question of what is desirable or how something should be. The discovery of the impossibility of representing meaning from a description of what exists (or does not exist) belongs to the English thinker Hume, which became commonly known as Hume's law. The difference between truth and value has acquired the status of a "fact-value" problem. In the philosophy of the 20th century, there were always attempts to overcome the chasm that separates the world of empirical reality and the world of values. Some modern philosophers are not inclined to consider this gulf as absolute. By the end of the 19th century value was considered in the context of metaphysics, theology or epistemology, that is, the nature of value was not special, so philosophers did not need a special term to denote value. The 20th century inherited two fundamental groups of concepts regarding the interpretation of the nature of value - objectivist and subjectivist. The line of objectivist understanding of value was initiated by Plato: he understood the idea of good as fundamentally indistinguishable from other ideas, and therefore indistinguishable from truth; the exclusivity of this idea was that, according to Plato, it crowned the hierarchy of all other ideas. In medieval Thomistic theology, the ideas that God released into the world as a result of the act of creation of the whole world and through the appearance of Christ - in particular, through God's Testament - were considered valuable. In modern philosophy, in contrast to ancient and medieval philosophy, a predominantly subjectivist understanding of value has been established. According to this position, value belongs to mental objects, the source of which are our desires, interests, feelings, as well as our attitudes. This line of understanding of the nature of value is recognized by many prominent philosophers of the New Age and the beginning of the 20th century: Leibniz, Spinoza, Hobbes, utilitarian philosophers, Perry, Meinong, Stevenson, logical positivists (Iyer, Russell). These philosophers have offered several different versions of the subjectivist interpretation of value: value is a hidden command or order, the source of value is a feeling; the source of value is desire and satisfaction, interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A select few of "beginnings" among the Greeks are Homer's "Oceanus", Hesiod's "Chaos", Anaximander's "Boundless", Parmenides' "Being", Plato's "Form of the Good" and Aristotle's "Contemplation". Sequentially capturing an account of various beginnings in Greek mythology and philosophy, this article opens with Homer's "Oceanus", an elemental water-based beginning, and reaches its closing stage in Aristotle's "Contemplation", a conceptual beginning. Mythological beginnings of Homer and Hesiod have the characteristic of birth, philosophical beginnings of Plato and Aristotle, have the characteristic of causality, while the pre-Socratic beginnings of Anaximander and Parmenides hold a unique place of their own - they seem to be a likeness of both yet at the same time are discernable from them. This article is structured in three sections: after a brief introduction distinguishing mythology from philosophy, a description of Greek beginnings in mythology and philosophy is given in sequential pairs i.e. Homer/Hesiod, Anaximander/Parmenides and Plato/Aristotle. Finally, the conclusion presents the significance of sequentially capturing Greek beginnings in the metaphor of "dawn, twilight and dusk" which exhausts what they considered as visible and expressible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Filosofía (0185-3481) is the property of Universidad Iberoamericana Cuidad de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The concept of the sublime is a concept that was analysed in Ancient Greek philosophy and in the 1st century AD by Longinus the Pseudo. It was later revived in the philosophical works of Edmund Burke and Immanuel Kant. While the sublime that Longinus dealt with includes the emotions in Homer's poems and classical tragedies, philosophers such as Edmund Burke and Immanuel Kant further explored the concept of the sublime and dealt with it from different angles. While Burke based the sublime on pain, danger and fear, Kant saw it as a bridge between aesthetics and ethics. Romantic artists, emphasising the sublimity of nature, depicted landscapes in a frightening and awe-inspiring way. Today, technology and consumer culture have replaced nature and created a new understanding of the sublime. Contemporary art associates the sublime with human emotions and the complexity of technology rather than natural landscapes. The concept of the sublime in contemporary art has gone beyond its traditional definition and has different interpretations and expressions. While the sublime in the traditional sense is considered as an expression of natural beauty or greatness that frightens and fascinates people, in contemporary art, it has gained a more abstract and personal meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper regards Seneca's practical philosophy as ancestor to psychoanalytically informed psychotherapy and as a progenitor of ongoing contemporary praxis in applied ideas of mind. Facing forward into the Anthropocene, as psychoanalysis encounters Artificial Intelligence, the convergence with contemporary psychoanalytic psychotherapy of value concepts developed from Antiquity is discussed. Drawn from Seneca's Letters on Ethics, constellations of significant ideas present in ancient practical philosophy resonate with similar configurations developed two millennia later, and central to the practice of contemporary psychotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]