76 results on '"alar"'
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52. Towards a spatially distributed concept for cotton growth modeling by coupling the APSIM model with optical remote sensing data
- Author
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Liu, Guilin
- Subjects
Wachstum ,Alar ,Modellierung ,Baumwollpflanze ,Datenassimilation ,Landsat ,China (Nordwest) - Abstract
This study aims to estimate the cotton yield at the field and regional level via the APSIM/OZCOT crop model, using an optimization-based recalibration approach based on the state variable of the cotton canopy—the leaf area index (LAI), derived from atmospherically corrected Landsat-8 OLI remote sensing images in 2014. First, a local sensitivity and global analysis approach was employed to test the sensitivity of cultivar, soil and agronomic parameters to the dynamics of the LAI. After sensitivity analyses, a series of sensitive parameters were obtained. Then, the APSIM/OZCOT crop model was calibrated by observations over a two-year span (2006"2007) at the Aksu station, combined with these sensitive cultivar parameters and the current understanding of cotton cultivar parameters. Third, the relationship between the observed in-situ LAI and synchronous perpendicular vegetation indices derived from six Landsat-8 OLI images covering the entire growth stage was modelled to generate LAI maps in time and space. Finally, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and general-purpose optimization approach (based on Nelder-Mead algorithm) were used to recalibrate four sensitive agronomic parameters (row spacing, sowing density per row, irrigation amount and total fertilization) according to the minimization of the root-mean-square deviation (RMSE) between the simulated LAI from the APSIM/OZCOT model and retrieved LAI from Landsat-8 OLI remote sensing images. After the recalibration, the best simulated results compared with observed cotton yield were obtained. The results showed that: (1) FRUDD, FLAI and DDISQ were the major cultivar parameters suitable for calibrating the cotton cultivar. (2) After the calibration, the simulated LAI performed well with an RMSE and mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.45 and 0.33, respectively, in 2006 and 0.46 and 0.41, respectively, in 2007. The coefficient of determination between the observed and simulated LAI was 0.83 and 0.97, respectively, in 2006 and 2007. The Pearson- correlation coefficient was 0.913 and 0.988 in 2006 and 2007, respectively, with a significant positive correlation between the simulated and observed LAI. The difference between the observed and simulated yield was 776.72 kg/ha and 259.98 kg/ha in 2006 and 2007, respectively. (3) Cotton cultivation in 2014 was obtained using three Landsat-8 OLI images—DOY136 (May), DOY 168 (June) and DOY 200 (July)—based on the phenological differences in cotton and other vegetation types. (4) The yield estimation after the assimilation closely approximated the field-observed values, and the coefficient of determination was as high as 0.82, after recalibration of the APSIM/OZCOT model for ten cotton fields. The difference between the observed and assimilated yields for the ten fields ranged from 18.2 to 939.7 kg/ha. The RMSE and MAE between the assimilated and observed yield was 417.5 and 303.1 kg/ha, respectively. These findings provide scientific evidence for the feasibility of coupled remote sensing and APSIM/OZCOT model at the field level. (5) Upscaling from field level to regional level, the assimilation algorithm and scheme are both especially important. Although the PSO method is very efficient, the computational efficiency is also the shortcoming of the assimilation strategy on a regional scale. Comparisons between the PSO and general-purpose optimization method (based on the Nelder-Mead algorithm) were implemented from the RSME, LAI curve and computational time. The general-purpose optimization method (based on the Nelder-Mead algorithm) was used for the regional assimilation between remote sensing and the APSIM/OZCOT model. Meanwhile, the basic unit for regional assimilation was also determined as cotton field rather than pixel. Moreover, the crop growth simulation was also divided into two phases (vegetative growth and reproductive growth) for regional assimilation. (6) The regional assimilation at the vegetative growth stage between the remote sensing derived and APSIM/OZCOT model-simulated LAI was implemented by adjusting two parameters: row spacing and sowing density per row. The results showed that the sowing density of cotton was higher in the southern part than in the northern part of the study area. The spatial pattern of cotton density was also consistent with the reclamation from 2001 to 2013. Cotton fields after early reclamation were mainly located in the southern part while the recent reclamation was located in the northern part. Poor soil quality, lack of irrigation facilities and woodland belts of cotton fields in the northern part caused the low density of cotton. Regarding the row spacing, the northern part was larger than the southern part due to the variation of two agronomic modes from military and private companies. (7) The irrigation and fertilization amount were both used as key parameters to be adjusted for regional assimilation during the reproductive growth period. The result showed that the irrigation per time ranged from 58.14 to 89.99 mm in the study area. The spatial distribution of the irrigation amount is higher in the northern part while lower in southern study area. The application of urea fertilization ranged from 500.35 to 1598.59 kg/ha in the study area. The spatial distribution of fertilization was lower in the northern part and higher in the southern part. More fertilization applied in the southern study area aims to increase the boll weight and number for pursuing higher yields of cotton. The frequency of the RSME during the second assimilation was mainly located in the range of 0.4"0.6 m2/m2. The estimated cotton yield ranged from 1489 to 8895 kg/ha. The spatial distribution of the estimated yield is also higher in the southern part than the northern study area., Diese Studie zielt darauf ab, den Baumwollertrag auf dem Feld und auf regionaler Ebene über das APSIM/OZCOT-Ertragsmodell zu schätzen, wobei ein optimierungsbasierter Rekalibrierungsansatz auf Grundlage eines den Wachstumszustand der Baumwolle beschreibenden Parameters entwickelt wird. Genutzt wird dazu der Parameter "Blattflächenindex" (LAI), abgeleitet aus atmosphärisch korrigierten Satellitenbildern des Landsat-8 OLI Sensors aus dem Jahr 2014. Zuerst wurden ein lokaler sowie ein globaler Ansatz eingesetzt, um die Sensitivität von Sorten-, Boden- und agronomischen Parametern auf die Dynamik des LAI zu testen. Mit der Sensitivitätsanalyse wurde eine Reihe sensitiver Parameter identifiziert. Dann wurde das APSIM/OZCOT-Ertragsmodell durch Beobachtungen über eine zweijährige Spanne (2006-2007) an der "Aksu Water Balance Station" kalibriert und mit den sensitiven Sortenparametern und dem aktuellen Wissen über Baumwoll-Sortenparameter kombiniert. Zusätzlich wurde die Beziehung zwischen dem tatsächlich in-situ beobachteten LAI und entsprechenden, aus sechs Landsat-8 OLI-Bildern abgeleiteten Vegetationsindizes modelliert. Darauf basierend wurden räumlich und zeitlich variable LAI-Karten generiert, die alle Wachstumsstufen abdecken. Mittels Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) und eines generellen Optimierungsansatzes (basierend auf dem Nelder-Mead Algorithmus) wurden vier sensitive agronomische Parameter (Reihenabstand, Aussaatdichte pro Reihe, Bewässerungsmenge und Düngung) durch Minimierung des root mean square error (RMSE) zwischen simuliertem LAI (APSIM/OZCOT-Modell) und dem aus Landsat-8 OLI Satellitenbilddaten abgeleiteten LAI im Vergleich zum beobachteten Baumwollertrag kalibriert. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass: (1) FRUDD, FLAI und DAISQ die wichtigsten Sortenparameter waren, die für die Kalibrierung der Baumwollsorte geeignet sind. (2) Nach der Kalibrierung zeigte sich, dass der LAI mit einem RMSE von 0,45 und einem mittleren Absolutfehler (MAE) von 0,33 im Jahr 2006 und 0,46 bzw. 0,41 im Jahr 2007 gut simuliert wird. Das Bestimmtheitsmaß zwischen beobachtetem und simuliertem LAI betrug in den Jahren 2006 und 2007 0,83 bzw. 0,97. Der Korrelationskoeffizient nach Pearson betrug 0,913 und 0,988 in 2006 bzw. 2007 mit einer signifikanten positiven Korrelation zwischen simuliertem und beobachtetem LAI. Der Unterschied zwischen dem beobachteten und dem simulierten Ertrag betrug 776,72 kg/ha im Jahr 2006 und 259,98 kg/ha in 2007. (3) Die Analyse des Baumwollanbaus im Jahr 2014 basierte auf drei Landsat-8 OLI-Bildern, welche die phänologischen Wachstumsunterschiede der Baumwolle und anderer Kulturen gut abbilden. Diese Satellitenbilder wurden am 136. (Mai), 168. (Juni) und 200. (Juli) Tag des Jahres aufgenommen. (4) Die Ertragsschätzung nach der Assimilation näherte sich dicht den im Feld beobachteten Werten und das Bestimmtheitsmaß lag nach der Neukalibrierung des APSIM/OZCOT-Modells für zehn Baumwollfelder bei 0,82. Der Unterschied zwischen den beobachteten und assimilierten Erträgen für die zehn Felder lag zwischen 18,2 und 939,7 kg/ha. RMSE und MAE zwischen assimiliertem und beobachtetem Ertrag betrugen 417,5 bzw. 303,1 kg/ha. Diese Ergebnisse liefern wissenschaftliche Nachweise für die Machbarkeit der Koppelung von Fernerkundungsdaten mit dem APSIM/OZCOT-Modell auf Feldebene. (5) Das Upscaling von der Feldebene auf regionale Ebene, der Assimilationsalgorithmus und das Assimilationsschema sind besonders wichtig. Obwohl die PSO-Methode gut geeignet ist, zeigt die rechnerische Effizienz der Assimilationsstrategie auf regionaler Ebene Mängel. Dies zeigen Vergleiche zwischen dem PSO und dem generellen Optimierungsansatz. Daher wurde der generelle Optimierungsansatz für die Assimilation zwischen Fernerkundungsdaten und dem APSIM/OZCOT-Modell auf regionaler Skalenebene verwendet. Zuletzt wurde die Assimilation auf regionaler Skalenebene nicht auf dem Rasterdatensatz, sondern objektorientiert für individuelle Parzelleneinheiten implementiert. Darüber hinaus wurde die Simulation des Pflanzenwachstums für die regionale Assimilation in zwei Phasen (vegetatives Wachstum und Fortpflanzungswachstum) unterteilt. (6) Die regionale Assimilation des aus Fernerkundungsdaten abgeleiteten LAI und dem APSIM/OZCOT-Modell während der vegetativen Wachstumsphase wurde durch die Anpassung von zwei Parametern implementiert: Zeilenabstand und Aussaatdichte pro Zeile. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Saatdichte der Baumwolle im südlichen Teil höher war als im nördlichen Teil des Untersuchungsgebietes. Das räumliche Muster der Baumwolldichte weist somit einen eindeutigen Zusammenhang mit Gebieten auf, die erst zwischen 2001 und 2013 auf tendenziell schlecht geeigneten Standorten neu erschlossen wurden. Schlechte Bodenqualität, mangelnde Bewässerungsanlagen und Waldgürtel um Baumwollfelder im nördlichen Teil bedingen dabei eine geringe Dichte der Baumwollpflanzen; zudem musste den Felder im nördlichen Teil ein größerer Reihenabstand zugewiesen werden, um abweichende Wachstumsverläufe zu erklären. (7) Die Bewässerungs- und Düngemenge wurden als weitere Schlüsselparameter für die regionale Assimilation während des Pflanzungswachstums verwendet. Das Ergebnis zeigte, dass die Bewässerungsgaben im Untersuchungsgebiet zwischen 58,14 bis 89,99 mm lagen. Die räumliche Verteilung der Bewässerungsmenge ist ebenfalls im nördlichen Teil höher, im südlichen Teil des Studiengebietes niedriger. Die Anwendung der Harnstoffdüngung reichte von 500,35 bis 1598,59 kg/ha im Untersuchungsgebiet. Die räumliche Verteilung der Düngung zeigte niedrigere Werte im nördlichen Teil und höhere im südlichen Teil. Die höhere Düngung im südlichen Studiengebiet zielt darauf ab, das Gewicht und die Anzahl der Baumwollkapseln zu erhöhen, um höhere Erträge zu erzielen. Während der zweiten Assimilation lag der RMSE hauptsächlich im Bereich zwischen 0,4 und 0,6 m2/m2. Der geschätzte Baumwollertrag reichte von 1489 bis 8895 kg/ha. Die räumliche Verteilung des geschätzten Ertrags ist im südlichen Teil höher als im nördlichen Teil des Untersuchungsgebietes.
- Published
- 2017
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53. Effect of alar and CCC on induction and germination of bulbils in Curculigo orchioides grown in shake flask cultures.
- Author
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Malviya, Sarvesh, Jain, Neelam, and Ramawat, K.
- Abstract
Bulbil formation in Curculigo orchioides is followed by asynchronous germination. The effect of alar and CCC incorporated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium has been studied on bulbil induction from leaf explants and subsequent germination of bulbils. MS medium contained 1 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l morphactin for bulbil induction while germination medium contained 1 mg/l gibberrelic acid and both the media contained alar or CCC (0.5-5.0 mg/l). Growth retardants markedly reduces the bulbil formation, yield and fresh weight of bulbils. Incorporation of retardants resulted in 60% germination inhibition, thereby prolonging the storage conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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54. Plant density; plant growth retardants: Its direct and residual effects on cotton yield and fiber properties
- Author
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Zakaria M. Sawan
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Plant growth ,cycocel ,Egyptian cotton ,01 natural sciences ,yield earliness ,boll weight ,Yield (wine) ,Fiber ,Cultivar ,alar ,seed and lint indices ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Mathematics ,Lint ,General Engineering ,Plant density ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,lint yield ,Horticulture ,Agronomy ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,micronaire readings ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Foliar sprays of (PGR’s) Cycocel and Alar were applied at concentrations of 250, 500, and 750 ppm after 105 days after plantation (square and boll setting stage) to Egyptian cotton cultivar planted at three plant densities (166.000, 222.000, and 333.000 plant ha−1). Number of opened bolls plant−1, seed-cotton yield plant−1, and earliness increased as plant density decreased in both years, as did seed-cotton and lint yield ha−1 in the second season. In the first year, the intermediate plant density gave highest yields. Plant density had no significant effect on lint percentage or fiber properties. Both Cycocel and Alar increased the number of opened bolls plant−1, boll weight, seed and lint indices, seed-cotton yield plant−1 and both seed-cotton and lint yield ha−1, but effects were not always significant and response varied for different traits. Neither Cycocel nor Alar affected lint percentage, yield earliness or fiber properties at any plant density.
- Published
- 2016
55. Regional nerve blockade prior to direct injection to achieve anaesthesia of the nasal ala.
- Author
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Mortimer, N.J., Hussain, W., Sladden, M.J., and Salmon, P.J.
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ANESTHESIA , *OPERATIVE surgery , *NERVE block , *NASAL cavity , *DERMATOLOGY , *SURGERY , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Background Dermatological surgical procedures involving the nasal alae are commonplace in clinical practice. Direct infiltration of local anaesthetic into the nasal ala is extremely uncomfortable. Objectives In this prospective clinical study, we investigate the effectiveness of alar anaesthesia provided by an infraorbital nerve block (IOB). Methods We recruited 100 consecutive patients requiring dermatological surgical procedures involving the nasal ala (or other sites necessitating an IOB). Following topical mucosal anaesthesia, an IOB was administered via the intraoral route. Effectiveness of anaesthesia was assessed after 10 min by testing the perception of a sharp stimulus at five standardized reference points on the nasal ala. If the ala was not completely anaesthetized, blockade of the external nasal branch of the anterior ethmoidal nerve (external nerve block, ENB) was performed. Sensation of the nasal ala was re-assessed after 10 min using the above method. Results Complete anaesthesia of the nasal ala was achieved with an IOB in 66 of 100 (66%) patients. Of the remaining 34 patients, the addition of an ENB achieved complete anaesthesia in 15 (44%). Conclusions An IOB provides effective alar anaesthesia in the majority of patients. In those where it is ineffective for complete anaesthesia, an ENB is a useful adjunct. We recommend using an IOB (and ENB if required) prior to direct infiltration of local anaesthetic into the nasal ala to reduce patient discomfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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56. Genes regulating wing patterning in Drosophila melanogaster show reduced expression under exposure of Daminozide, the fruit ripening retardant.
- Author
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Roy, Sohini Singha and Ghosh, Sujay
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FRUIT ripening , *DROSOPHILA melanogaster , *REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction , *REPORTER genes , *IMAGINAL disks - Abstract
• Daminozide gets modified into its derivatives upon entry into the body of Drosophila melanogaster. • Daminozide reduces the expression of wg , vg and dpp, the wing patterning genes of Drosophila melanogaster. • In Silico study suggests it may bind with signaling proteins work in wing development. In our previous study we demonstrated that the fruit ripening retardant Daminozide or Alar causes change in life history traits, distortion of adult wing structure, DNA damage in brain cells and mutagenic effects in fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. As a continuation of the previous study the present work is designed to explore the metabolic modification of Daminozide following ingestion, the effects of Daminozide on the expression of genes which are pivotal for wing development and molecular interactions of Daminozide with those proteins involved in wing patterning. We demonstrated through reporter gene construct assay using X-gal staining method and transgenic Drosophila melanogaster stocks that the vestigial , wingless and decapentaplegic genes in wing imaginal disc from 3rd instar larvae exhibited reduced expression when exposed to Daminozide in compare to control larvae. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of those genes confirmed that exposure to Daminozide reduces the transcription level of those genes. In silico approach with molecular docking study revealed Daminozide may bind and interfere with the optimal functioning of expressed wing signaling proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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57. Surgical Alar Base Management With a Personal Technique
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Dario Bertossi, Pasquale Procacci, Massimo Albanese, Pier Francesco Nocini, and Luciano Malchiodi
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Adult ,Involuntary movement ,endocrine system ,suture ,business.industry ,Suture Techniques ,Dentistry ,General Medicine ,Plastic Surgery Procedures ,alar ,base ,Maxillofacial Abnormalities ,Suture (anatomy) ,Maxilla ,Humans ,Medicine ,Female ,Surgery ,In patient ,business - Abstract
To evaluate the aesthetic result in the nasal base, when sutured using a personal technique, in patients undergoing bimaxillary surgery.Review of 60 cases in which the alar base suture was used during bimaxillary surgery with an average maxillary advancement of 3.5 mm. The patients were measured on cutaneous points and on side view with cephalometric soft-tissue measurements.The technique of cross-suturing the alar base provided good control on the involuntary movements of the alars that result from maxillary advancement. The frontal view of the patient before and after surgery revealed that good tightening of the nasal base was obtained despite the upper jaw movements. Long-term results appear to be stable.This personal technique of nasal alar suturing during bimaxillary surgery appears to be effective in avoiding unaesthetic deformities of the nasal base as well as providing good facial harmony.
- Published
- 2007
58. Action Learning and Action Research (ALAR): A Methodological Integration in an Inter-Organizational Setting
- Author
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Coghlan, David and Coughlan, Paul
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- 2008
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59. Effects of in vitro treatments on leaf area growth of potato transplants during acclimatisation
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Alar ,Nitrogen ,Temperature ,Mannitol ,In vitro plantlet ,Rooting ,Leerstoelgroep Gewas- en onkruidecologie ,PE&RC ,Crop and Weed Ecology - Published
- 2000
60. Effects of in vitro treatments on leaf area growth of potato transplants during acclimatisation
- Author
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Tadesse, M., Lommen, W.J.M., and Struik, P.C.
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- 2000
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61. Daminozide inhibits ethylene production in apple fruit by blocking the conversion of methionine to aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)
- Author
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Gussman, C. D., Salas, S., and Gianfagna, T. J.
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- 1993
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62. Induction of in Vitro Culture of Potato Microtuber by Using Alar and Dark Photoperiod Application
- Author
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Dwiati, M. (Murni), Dwiati, M. (Murni), Anggorowati, S. (Sulastri), Dwiati, M. (Murni), Dwiati, M. (Murni), and Anggorowati, S. (Sulastri)
- Abstract
Providing virus free potato seeds in order to increase potato production in Indonesia could be carried out by using microtuber resulting from microcutting. The growth of single node microcutting potato can initiate microtuber formation when growth inhibiting substances such as alar in combination with dark photoperiod treatment is applied. This study was aimed to elucidate the effect of alar and dark photoperiod on the date of microtuber emergence and production. The experiment was arranged in a factorial Randomized Completely Block Design in which alar concentrations i.e. 0, 10-3, 5 x 10-3, and 10-2 mg/L, served as factor I, and dark photoperiods i.e. 16, 20, and 24 hrs/day, were used as factor II. Each treatment combination was replicated three times giving rise to 36 experimental units. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (F test) followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) when significant effect of the treatments existed. The results showed that alar and dark photoperiod affected individually on the date of microtuber emergence, while the best alar concentration to increase microtuber production was 10-3 mg/L with 10.67 microtubers/cutting. Dark period has no significant effect on the induction of potato microtuber.
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- 2011
63. Illustrated glossary of terms used in foraminiferal research
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Lukas Hottinger and Carnets Geol.,
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biformed ,autogamy ,canaliculate ,Stratigraphy ,processes ,lectotype ,chirality ,glomerulus ,3d model ,bulla ,residual ,spinose ,teratological ,neanic ,enveloping ,biserial ,oral ,parachomata ,pseudopodia ,apex ,tongue ,Golgi ,meiosis ,polarity ,limbate ,tooth ,stellate ,suture ,gutter ,unilocular ,ridge ,ridges ,endoskeleton ,ornamentation ,homologous ,supplementary ,pirotheca ,hamulus ,plane ,endemic ,adauxiliary ,pile ,notch ,reticulopodia ,neotype ,openings ,topotype ,pycnotheca ,system ,hemiseptula ,monothalamous ,pattern ,equatorial ,sutural ,columella ,uniserial ,plug ,megalospheric ,cyst ,shaft ,pseudochamber ,side ,chessboard ,hierarchy of terms ,salients ,cell ,generotype ,areal ,pioneering ,plates ,speciation ,costate ,funnel ,tubulospines ,vacuolar ,fissure ,areolate ,respiration ,Autogamy ,endoplasm ,rim ,pavement ,filling ,cavity ,hole ,schizont ,pectination ,microspheric ,flabelliform ,ventral ,marginal ,hypodermis ,requirements ,foramen ,scrobis ,flange ,list ,odd ,whorl ,pseudumbilicus ,rhizopodia ,acute ,subembryonic ,acervuline ,convolute ,symbiosis ,toothplate ,symbiont ,haploid ,protheca ,polythalamous ,cytoplasm ,epitheca ,community ,orbitolinid ,monolamellar ,float-chamber ,sphaeroconch ,growth ,supraembryonic ,reduction ,lobe ,bilocular ,holotype ,pigeon ,lcsh:Stratigraphy ,surface ,polar ,structure ,filaments ,proxima ,asexual ,hypodigm ,spirals ,annulus ,plate ,layer ,umbo ,phenetic ,progenitor ,synonym ,compartment ,granule ,antetheca ,biology.organism_classification ,cancellate ,gerontic ,sympatric ,dendritic ,passage ,pylome ,sealing ,deuteroloculus ,syntypes ,coalescence ,involute ,orbitolitid ,pits ,Foraminifera ,shape ,joist ,chevron ,aboral ,biconcave ,protoconch ,pseudokeriotheca ,gametogamy ,congeneric ,triserial ,auxiliary ,proloculus ,tunnel ,membrane ,costellae ,agamont ,counterseptum ,micropaleontology ,sieve ,ponticulus ,Geology ,Ornaments ,septulum ,global ,labyrinthic ,triconch ,rectilinear ,light ,perforate ,ring ,retral ,index ,zygote ,pillar ,coenocline ,husbandry ,tube ,tubercle ,intraumbilical ,interpore ,aperture ,sipho ,stolon ,chamberlet ,extraumbilical-umbilical ,intern ,retrovert ,cupule ,buccal ,epiphyte ,coil ,dimorphism ,planispiral ,papilla ,face ,striae ,chamber ,allopatric ,paratypes ,intraseptal ,spine-base ,ultimate ,regeneration ,gamontogamy ,reticular ,comparative anatomy ,knob ,pore-pit ,polyvalent ,entosolenian ,acuminate ,advolute ,interlocular ,adapertural ,apogamy ,median ,main ,incisional ,loculus ,trough ,accessory ,periapertural ,terminal ,plastogamic ,flagellum ,sarcode ,pseudospinose ,foraminifer ,attics ,spiroconvex ,alar ,murus ,wall ,orbitoid ,cuneate ,lcsh:QE640-699 ,periembryonic ,eucaryote ,arborescent ,body ,pseudorbitoid ,phrenotheca ,transverse ,proximal ,host ,lamelliform ,coiling ,exocytosis ,secondary ,actin ,feeding ,radius ,valvular ,reniform ,hemiseptular ,organic ,subsidiary ,abaxial ,imperforate ,spiroloculine ,inflational ,interseptum ,rafter ,blades ,primary ,intradermal ,penultimate ,distal ,photoinhibition ,cycle ,maturation ,biconvex ,exoskeleton ,Paleontology ,extraumbilical ,spike ,acceleration ,sigmoid ,flexostyle ,sinistral ,trochoid ,lcsh:Geology ,arrangement ,lcsh:Paleontology ,adventitious ,cotype ,striate ,cuniculus ,mosaic ,polygonal ,evolute ,metabolism ,sheets ,protoforamen ,maturo-evolute ,choma ,species ,buttress ,furrow ,type ,nucleoconch ,oblique ,lip ,lobes ,nepionic ,folium ,interlamellar ,adaxial ,outer ,foveolate ,bipartitor ,lamination ,mitochondrion ,nonlamellar ,cover ,deuteroconch ,lcsh:QE701-760 ,selliform ,lamella ,diaphanotheca ,apertures ,fistulose ,tectorium ,cohort ,textures ,cone ,succession ,umbilicus ,protoplasm ,closing ,depression ,sulcus ,euphotic ,tectum ,interradius ,interseptal ,annular ,pilintradermal ,trimorphism ,calyx ,prolongation ,epiderm ,spine ,keel ,parafossette ,meandrine ,septal ,chloroplast ,vestibule ,basement ,agglutinated ,peripheral ,floor ,bilateral ,venter ,pore-chimney ,generations ,pore-fields ,pustule ,latero-marginal ,climax ,homonym ,punctate ,cameral ,equitant ,pseudospine ,distinctly ,vortex ,fluting ,A-form ,microsphere ,boss ,cruciform ,plectogyral ,arenaceous ,flap ,pillars ,trabecules ,brood ,Glossary ,beading ,synonymy ,juvenarium ,spiral ,diploid ,trochospiral ,dorsal ,hispid ,chomatal ,husband ,lumen ,textural ,division ,canalicular ,perforation ,balloon ,intraseptular ,parakeriotheca ,ornaments ,biconch ,apparatus ,blueprinting ,biology ,interauxiliary ,cuneiform ,lamellar ,biloculine ,intrathalamou ,partition ,gamont ,multiple ,disposition ,test-structure ,pairs ,reflectus ,[SDU.STU.PG] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology ,section ,clavate ,plastogamy ,life ,test-composition ,septular ,carina ,cyclical ,cycles ,jagged-granular ,subepidermal ,contrefort ,isodiscodine ,orbitoidal ,test-architecture ,canal ,pore-funnel ,mitosis ,supplemental ,photosynthesis ,costae ,serial ,syntype ,fusiform ,interiomarginal ,lining ,nepiont ,space ,egg-holder ,alveole ,microstria ,mask ,network ,glossary ,maerl ,preseptal ,biumbonate ,vicarious ,four-stolon ,organelle ,proximus ,orifice ,porcelaneous ,pore-plate ,Microsphere ,partner ,trematophore ,groove ,labial ,skeleton ,parapores ,crest ,Protheca ,plastid ,paries ,cribrate ,reversed ,bilamellar ,axial ,fossette ,chamberlets ,equator ,acicular ,style ,sagittal ,alveolar ,alternating ,murica ,ectoplasm ,individuals ,associations ,complex ,architecture ,retroparies ,sheet ,apical ,embryo ,instar ,embryonic ,progressive ,infundibulum ,radial ,conspecific ,alternation ,milioline ,trichome ,vertical ,test ,inframarginal ,tuberculate ,pseudopore ,orbitopsellid ,megalosphere ,attachment ,Cuneiform ,teeth ,sessile ,incrusting ,lamellation ,area ,triloculine ,pseudoplanktic ,plesiotype ,extrathalamous ,neck ,indistinctly ,canals ,granular ,loop-hole ,pyrenoid ,flosculinisation ,embryon ,bifid ,expanse-chamber ,systems ,cyclopsinellid ,quinqueloculine ,pore ,texture ,corona ,biumbilicate ,shoulder ,umbilicoconvex ,keriotheca ,lateral ,umbilical ,pole ,elongation ,microtubule ,envelope ,thylacoid ,astral ,streptospiral ,circumproloculus ,axis ,basal ,apogamous ,partitional ,sigmoiline ,cosmopolitan ,spicular ,interio-areal ,agamogony ,radiate ,umbilicate ,lcsh:QE1-996.5 ,cord ,septalis ,torsion ,stratophenetics ,intercameral ,apertural ,bead ,phototropy ,protopore ,foliar ,beam ,dextral ,tubulopor ,marginoporid ,zone ,feathered ,analogous ,ephebic ,inner ,sere ,peristome ,saddle ,pores ,six-stolon ,B-form ,crystalline ,epiembryonic ,ramp ,cubiculum ,stellar ,chambers ,disclimax ,Information retrieval ,spiral-umbilical ,anterior ,template ,veneer ,extern ,gamogony ,bowl ,microgranula ,septum ,reticulate ,tubulin ,fore-court ,central ,foramenal ,pillar-pore ,phialine ,socculus - Abstract
An illustrated glossary of terms used in the analysis of the shells of recent and fossil foraminifera supplemented by a rigorous selection of terms that facilitate an understanding of their biology and their use in ecology and biostratigraphy. The glossary includes some 650 entries illustrated by 83 - often composite – figures many of which are stereographs or 3D models. A taxonomic index lists the 140 taxa illustrated.
- Published
- 2006
64. Endonasal Triangular Technique for nasal valve rhinoplasty: a ten year review
- Author
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Havea N, Tang C, Rockey J, and Lynch A
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Cartilage transplantation, Nasal Obstruction surgery, Nose surgery, Rhinoplasty methods
- Abstract
Introduction: The nasal valve is the main regulator of airflow in the nose. Consequently, the collapse of the nasal valve has a significant impact on nasal obstruction and hence quality-of-life of patients. Several nasal valve rhinoplasty techniques are being used, from cartilage grafts to endonasal resection of the upper lateral cartilage. We describe a new endonasal approach to nasal valve rhinoplasty, the Triangular Technique, and assess its efficacy and complication rate over ten years., Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of patients who underwent nasal valve rhinoplasty at three regional hospitals from Jan 2004 to May 2014 was conducted. Subjective reports were used to assess the improvement of nasal obstruction. 24 patients were included., Results: 3 months postoperatively, 19 patients reported improvement in nasal obstruction. 4 patients required revision surgery. 2 of these 4 patients had substantial symptom resolution post revision surgery. 10 patients were followed up for more than 5 years (range: 5.8 to 10.3 years), 9 of who reported continued satisfaction and none or minimal nasal obstruction after nasal valve rhinoplasty compared to before surgery. There were no reported complications., Discussion: The Triangular Technique is a straightforward endonasal technique to address collapsed nasal valves with minimal associated co-morbidities.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
65. Exploration of teratogenic and genotoxic effects of fruit ripening retardant Alar (Daminozide) on model organism Drosophila melanogaster.
- Author
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Roy SS, Begum M, and Ghosh S
- Abstract
Alar (Daminozide) is a plant growth regulator which is widely used as a fruit preservative for apple and mango to prevent pre-harvest fruit drop, promote color development and to delay excessive ripening. The aim of the present work was to demonstrate the effect of Alar on several life history traits, adult morphology, Hsp70 protein expression and in vivo DNA damage in the brain of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster . We assessed the life history and morphological traits including fecundity, developmental time, pupation height, egg-to-adult viability and mean wing length, body length, arista length and sternopleural bristle number of the emerging flies. The results showed a significant delay in the developmental milestones, increase in body length, wing length, arista length, a decrease in fecundity, pupal height and variation in sternopleural bristle number in the treated flies in comparison to the controls. Overexpression of Hsp70 protein suggests alar induced subcellular molecular stress and comet assay validates genotoxicity in the form of DNA damage in the treated larvae. Mutation screening experiment revealed induction of X lined lethal mutation.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
66. A modified nasolabial flap for reconstruction of transfixing alar wing defects.
- Author
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Bouhassira J, Hersant B, Noel W, Aguilar P, Niddam J, and Meningaud JP
- Subjects
- Aged, 80 and over, Carcinoma, Basal Cell pathology, Cheek pathology, Cheek surgery, Female, Humans, Nasal Cartilages pathology, Nasolabial Fold pathology, Nose Neoplasms pathology, Plastic Surgery Procedures methods, Skin Transplantation methods, Surgical Flaps surgery, Carcinoma, Basal Cell surgery, Nasal Cartilages surgery, Nasolabial Fold surgery, Nose Neoplasms surgery, Rhinoplasty methods, Surgical Flaps transplantation
- Abstract
Reconstruction of an entire alar wing is a frequently encountered reconstructive challenge in onco-dermatologic surgery. The aim of this technical note was to describe a surgical technique total for reconstruction of the alar wing, with a modified nasolabial flap with an inferior pedicle associated with a cartilaginous graft. This rapid procedure seems to be a well alternative for elderly people and patients who do not want a forehead flap. The aesthetic and functional outcomes of the donor and recipient sites were satisfactory., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
67. Development of a finite element model of the upper cervical spine and a parameter study of ligament characteristics
- Author
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Brolin, Karin, Halldin, Peter, Brolin, Karin, and Halldin, Peter
- Abstract
Study Design. Numeric techniques were used to study the upper cervical spine. Objectives. To develop and validate an anatomic detailed finite element model of the ligamentous upper cervical spine and to analyze the effect of material properties of the ligaments on spinal kinematics. Summary of Background Data. Cervical spinal injuries may be prevented with an increased knowledge of spinal behavior and injury mechanisms. The finite element method is tempting to use because stresses and strains in the different tissues can be studied during the course of loading. The authors know of no published results so far of validated finite element models that implement the complex geometry of the upper cervical spine. Methods. The finite element model was developed with anatomic detail from computed tomographic images of the occiput to the C3. The ligaments were modeled with nonlinear spring elements. The model was validated for axial rotation, flexion, extension, lateral bending, and tension for 1.5 Nm, 10 Nm, and 1500 N. A material property sensitivity study was conducted for the ligaments. Results. The model correlated with experimental data for all load cases. Moments of 1.5 Nm produced joint rotations of 3degrees to 23degrees depending on loading direction. The parameter study confirmed that the mechanical properties of the upper cervical ligaments play an important role in spinal kinematics. The capsular ligaments had the largest impact on spinal kinematics (40% change). Conclusions. The anatomic detailed finite element model of the upper cervical spine realistically simulates the complex kinematics of the craniocervical region. An injury that changes the material characteristics of any spinal ligament will influence the structural behavior of the upper cervical spine., QC 20100525 QC 20111031
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
68. Spray application factors and plant growth regulator performance: III. Interaction of daminozide uptake, translocation and phytotoxicity in bean seedlings
- Author
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Moritz Knoche and Martin J. Bukovac
- Subjects
Plant growth ,Chromosomal translocation ,Biology ,Wetted area ,Penetration ,Phaseolus vulgaris ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Botany ,Droplet size ,Carrier volume ,Daminozide ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Penetration (firestop) ,Spray volume ,biology.organism_classification ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Alar ,Insect Science ,Plant Research International ,Phytotoxicity ,Phaseolus ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Effects of droplet size and carrier volume on foliar uptake and transport of daminozide were investigated. A constant dose of daminozide (100 µg per leaf) was applied to both primary leaves of 10-day-old Phaseolus vulgaris (cv Nerina) in droplet sizes of 1–10 µl and carrier volumes of 10 to 200 µl per leaf. Decreasing droplet size or increasing carrier volume decreased daminozide penetration, but increased translocation. Plotting the logarithm of the leaf surface/droplet interface area vs daminozide uptake yielded a negative linear relationship, but for translocation an optimum quadratic type relationship was obtained. Some phytotoxicity occurred at low carrier volumes and large droplet sizes. The degree of phytotoxicity was positively related to the amount of daminozide deposited per unit wetted area above 0.7 µg daminozide mm−2. Below this threshold, there was no visual evidence of phytotoxicity. At the breakpoint, the deposit covered an area of 276 mm2 on both primary bean leaf surfaces. Since the maximum in the relationship of translocation with interface area was in close agreement with the threshold amount of deposit above which phytotoxicity occurred, the inverse relationship between daminozide uptake and translocation at low interface areas was attributed to phytotoxicity. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
- Published
- 2000
69. Spiral flap for closure of nasal ala defects.
- Author
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Armenores, Paul and Huilgol, Shyamala C
- Subjects
- *
PSALTERY , *NOSE , *COSMETICS , *BASAL cell carcinoma , *POSTOPERATIVE care - Abstract
Despite the existence of numerous methods to close nasal ala defects, many produce distortion of the surrounding tissues and obvious scarring. The spiral flap produces little or no distortion and well-camouflaged scars. We demonstrate these benefits through the presentation of two successful case reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
70. Translation of Hecker's 1922 "the occipital-atlanto-axial ligament system": A study in comparative anatomy.
- Author
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Oakes PC, Sardi JP, Iwanaga J, Topale N, Oskouian RJ, and Tubbs RS
- Subjects
- Cervical Vertebrae anatomy & histology, History, 20th Century, Humans, Translations, Anatomy, Comparative history, Atlanto-Axial Joint anatomy & histology, Atlanto-Occipital Joint anatomy & histology, Ligaments, Articular anatomy & histology
- Abstract
In 1922, Paul Hecker, a French physician and Head of Anatomy at the Medical College of Strasbourg, published a sentinel thesis on the ligaments of the craniocervical junction based on a study of comparative anatomy. Unfortunately, this dissertation has been lost to history and until now, was unavailable in the English language. Herein, we present a translation of Hecker's work with an update in its nomenclature, which with modern imaging capabilities of the craniocervical junction is germane and timely. Clin. Anat. 30:322-329, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., (© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
71. Processed Apple Sales, 1986-90: The Effects of Market Factors
- Author
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Harris, J. Michael
- Subjects
fungi ,Demand and Price Analysis ,scanner data ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,equipment and supplies ,Crop Production/Industries ,price ,Processed apple products ,income ,Alar ,bacteria ,seasonal factors ,elasticities ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,health care economics and organizations - Abstract
This report uses supermarket scanner data to assess the effects of market factors, including product price, consumer income, price of substitutes, and seasonality, on processed apple consumption. Processed apple products, which include apple juice, applesauce, and baby food, account for 40 percent of total apple consumption. These products are used in demand equations here because supermarket data are more inclusive of processed than unprocessed apples. The Alar scare of 1989, another demand factor, reduced the consumption of canned apple juice by 0.02 pound per month per capita and frozen apple juice by 0.005 pound.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
72. The alar controversy: how an outraged public banned a carcinogenic chemical
- Author
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Hathaway, Janet S.
- Subjects
CARCINOGENS ,PESTICIDES - Published
- 1990
73. The story of the Alar ban: politics and unforeseen consequences
- Author
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Rosenberg, Beth
- Subjects
APPLE industry ,CHEMICAL industry ,PESTICIDES ,POLITICAL science ,EMPLOYMENT - Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
74. Toward less misleading comparisons of uncertain risks: The example of aflatoxin and alar
- Author
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Finkel, Adam M.
- Subjects
AFLATOXINS - Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
75. The influence of succinic acid 2,2 dimethylhydrazide (Alar) on net CO₂ assimilation rate, chlorophyll content, anatomy, and morphology of vegetative growth of the apple, Malus sylvestris Mill
- Author
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Halfacre, R. Gordon
- Subjects
- Alar, apple trees
- Abstract
A 2 year study was conducted to investigate the influence of Atar on young apple trees. In 1996 concentrations of 0, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 ppm of Alar were applied to 'Golden Delicious', 'York Imperial' and 'Delicious' cultivars growing outside in gallon containers.
- Published
- 1968
76. Scientists urge skepticism of reports about an unsafe food supply
- Published
- 1992
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