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U ovom radu analiziran je utjecaj vremenskih prilika i pravovremeno izvođenje agrotehnike u proizvodnji silažnog kukuruza na OPG-u „Stjepan Sarošević“ u 2019. godini. Detaljno su opisane sve izvedene agrotehničke mjere koje su zasnovane na preporuci struke i vlastitog iskustva u proizvodnji te na osnovu podataka Državnog hidrometeorološkog zavoda s mjerne postaje Gradište. Iz svega navedenog možemo zaključiti kako je 2019. godina bila izrazito pogodna za proizvodnju silažnog kukuruza jer se postigao prirod od 77 t/ha silaže., This paper examines the impact of weather conditions and the timely implementation of agricultural techniques in the production of silage corn on the family farm "Stjepan Sarošević" in 2019. All performed agro-technical measures are described in detail, which are based on the recommendation of the profession and own experience in production, and on the basis of data from the State Hydrometeorological Institute from the measuring station Gradište. From all the above, we can conclude that 2019 was extremely suitable for the production of silage corn, where we achieved a yield of 77 t/ha of silage.

Cilj istraživanja ovog diplomskog rada je bio prikazati uzgoj i tehnologiju proizvodnje pšenice na OPG-u Ivica Jurić u Nijemcima na području Vukovarsko-srijemske županije tijekom vegetacijske godine 2018./2019. te analizirati utjecaj vremenskih uvjeta na prinos i kvalitetu zrna dvije sorte pšenice, Ingenio i Falado. Za analizu vremenskih prilika korišteni su podaci Državnog hidrometeorološkog zavoda, a za prikaz tehnologije proizvodnje interni podaci OPG-a. Pšenica je ukupno uzgajana na 20 ha ili na 40 % površina gospodarstva. Obje sorte su posijane u optimalnom roku, a tijekom vegetacije primijenjena je adekvatna tehnologija uzgoja te je praćen rast i razvoj usjeva. Glavna karakteristika vegetacijskog razdoblja je nepravilna raspodjela oborina uz izrazito sušnu jesen i kišovito proljeće, dok su temperature zraka uglavnom bile više u usporedbi s referentnim višegodišnjim prosjekom, ali je svibanj bio vrlo kišovit i hladniji. Početno sušno razdoblje je dovelo do poteškoća prilikom osnovne i dopunske obrade tla te do usporenog početnog porasta i neujednačenog sklopa, ali je veća količina kiše u travnju poboljšala stanje usjeva. Unatoč specifičnim vremenskim uvjetima i nešto slabijoj gnojidbi, postignuti su zadovoljavajući prinos i kvaliteta zrna obje sorte. Prosječan prinos je iznosio 6,1 t/ha, hektolitarska masa je bila iznad 78 kg/hl, a sadržaj proteina 13,6 % kod sorte Ingenio te 13,9 % kod sorte Falado te su obje sorte svrstane u I. kvalitativnu klasu., The aim of this research was to present the cultivation technology of wheat production at the Family farm Ivica Jurić farm in Nijemci in the Vukovar-Srijem County during the 2018/2019 growing season and to analyze the impact of weather conditions on grain yield and quality of two wheat cultivars, Ingenio and Falado. The data of the State Hydrometeorological Institute were used for the analysis of weather conditions, and the internal data of the family farm were used to show the production technology. Wheat is grown on a 20 ha or 40% of the total area of the farm. Both cultivars were sown at the optimum term and adequate agrotechnics was applied during the growing season and the growth and development of the crop was monitored. The main characteristic of the vegetation period is the irregular distribution of rainfall with extremely dry autumn and rainy spring, while air temperatures were generally higher compared to the reference perennial average, but May have been very rainy and cooler. The initial drought period caused difficulties in basic and supplementary tillage, a slow early grow and crop density, but a greater amount of rain in April significantly improved the wheat condition. Despite specific weather conditions and slightly weaker fertilization, satisfactory grain yield and quality of both varieties were achieved. The average yield was 6.1 t/ha, the hectolitre mass was above 78 kg/hl, and the protein content was 13.6% for the Ingenio variety and 13.9% for the Falado variety, which means that both varieties were classified in the first qualitative class.

Cilj završnog rada bio je analizirati proizvodnju žitarica odnosno prikazati provedene agrotehničke zahvate u proizvodnji kukuruza, pšenice i ječma na OPG-u Mirko Rumbočić tijekom dvogodišnjeg razdoblja (2018.-2019.). OPG je osnovano 2003. godine u Mohovu (Vukovarsko-srijemska županija) i bavi se ratarskom proizvodnjom na 105 ha obradivih površina. Posjeduje odgovarajuće objekte i gotovo svu potrebnu mehanizaciju. Sa stajališta vegetacije kukuruza vremenske prilike su bile povoljne jer su ukupne količine oborina bile na razini ili iznad višegodišnjeg prosjeka uz više prosječne temperature zraka što pogoduje razvoju kukuruza. U pogledu vegetacije ozimih žitarice analizirane godine karakteriziraju više prosječne temperatura zraka i različita količina oborina. Agrotehnika na gospodarstvu obavlja se u skladu sa preporukama struke. Posebna pozornost pridaje se zaštiti ratarskih kultura od bolesti, korova i štetnika jer su to i najčešći uzročnici smanjenja prinosa i kvalitete. Ostvareni prinosi kukuruza su se kretali od 11 do 14 t/ha, pšenice od 6,5 do 7,0 t/ha i ječma od 6,0 do 6,5 t/ha uz različitu količinu vlage zrna između analiziranih godina., The aim of the final work was to analyze the production of cereals and show the implemented agro-technical interventions in the production of corn, wheat and barley on the family farm Mirko Rumbočić during a two-year period (2018-2019). The family farm was founded in 2003 in Mohovo (Vukovar-Srijem County) and is engaged in crop production on 105 ha of arable land. Also, it has the appropriate facilities and almost all the necessary machinery. In the context of maize vegetation period the weather conditions were favorable because the total rainfall was at or above the multi-year average with higher average air temperatures which favors maize development. In terms of winter cereal vegetation, the analyzed years are characterized by higher average air temperatures and different amounts of precipitation. Agrotechnics on the farm is performed in accordance with the recommendations of the profession. Special attention is paid to the protection of field crops from diseases, weeds and pests because these are the most common causes of reduced yields and quality. Realized yields of corn ranged from 11 to 14 t/ha, wheat from 6.5 to 7.0 t/ha and barley from 6.0 to 6.5 t/ha with different amounts of grain moisture between the analyzed years.

Osnovni cilj rada bila je analiza proizvodnje, odnosno provedene agrotehnike pšenice i kukuruza na OPG-u Antun Žagar tijekom 2017. i 2018. godine. Obiteljsko poljoprivredno gospodarstvo osnovano je 2002. u Otoku, a obrađuje 81,88 ha oranica na kojima dominira proizvodnja kukuruza i pšenice. Za uzgoj kukuruza 2018. godina je bila povoljnija jer su količine oborina bile slične višegodišnjem prosjeku za razliku od 2017. kada je količina oborina bila manja za 45 mm. Istovremeno, temperature zraka su bile više u obje godine. Za uzgoj pšenice 2018. godina je bila također povoljnija zbog znatno većih količina oborina u usporedbi s promatranim prosjekom. Tijekom obje vegetacije napravljene su sve potrebne agrotehničke operacije. Sjetva kukuruza obavljena je 5. travnja 2017. godine te 11. travnja 2018. godine dok je sjetva pšenice za obje analizirane vegetacijske godine obavljena 15. listopada. Uslijed djelovanja vremenskih prilika i provedene agrotehnike prosječni prinos kukuruza je iznosio 11,0 t/ha, a pšenice 7,0 t/ha., The main goal of the work was the analysis of production, i.e. implemented agricultural techniques of wheat and corn on the family farm Antun Žagar during 2017 and 2018. The family farm was founded in 2002 in Otok, and cultivates 81.88 ha of arable land, which is dominated by the production of corn and wheat. For maize cultivation, 2018 was more favorable because the amount of precipitation was similar to the long term average, unlike 2017, when the amount of precipitation was lower by 45 mm. At the same time, air temperatures were higher in both years. For wheat cultivation, 2018 was also more favorable due to significantly higher amounts of precipitation compared to the observed average. During both vegetations, all necessary agro-technical operations were performed. Sowing of maize was performed on April 5, 2017 and April 11, 2018, while sowing of wheat for both analyzed vegetation years was performed on October 15. Due to the weather conditions and implemented agricultural techniques, the average yield of corn was 11.0 t/ha, and wheat 7.0 t/ha.

Cilj rada bio je analizirati proizvodnju pšenice i ječma na OPG-u Funarić u dvogodišnjem razdoblju (2018.-2019.) odnosno prikazati provedene agrotehničke zahvate u uzgoju pšenice i ječma te utjecaj vremenskih prilika na ostvarene prinose. Općenito, prinosi za obje analizirane kulture u obje godine su bili poprilično stabilni. Uspješnoj proizvodnji treba dodati ulogu provedene agrotehnike, a naročito zaštite te pravilan odabir sorti. Vegetacijsku sezonu 2017./2018. karakteriziralo je više oborina i veće temperature zraka u usporedbi s višegodišnjim prosjekom, a 2018./2019. manje oborina od višegodišnjeg prosjeka i više temperature zraka za 0,7 °C. U navedenim uvjetima prinosi pšenice su iznosili 6,7 t/ha i 6,5 t/ha, a ječma 6,8 t/ha i 7,6 t/ha u 2017./2018. odnosno u 2018./2019. S obzirom da se proizvodnja pšenice i ječma pokazala uspješnom ove dvije kulture imaju priliku i kapacitete rasta u budućim godinama na OPG-u., The aim of the study was to analyze the production of wheat and barley on the family farm Funarić in a two-year period (2018-2019) and to show the implemented agro-technical interventions in the cultivation of wheat and barley and the impact of weather conditions on yields. In general, yields for both analyzed crops in both years were fairly stable. Proper implementation of agrotechnics, plant protection and correct selection of varieties made this production especially successful. Vegetation season 2017/2018 was characterized by more precipitation and higher air temperatures compared to the multi-year average. On the other hand, 2018/2019 was characterized by less precipitation than the multi-year average and higher air temperature by 0.7 °C. Under these conditions, wheat yields were 6.7 t/ha and 6.5 t/ha, and barley 6.8 t/ha and 7.6 t/ha in 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. Having seen that the production of wheat and barley have proven successful, both crops have the opportunity and growth capacity for continued production in the coming years on the family farm.

Purpose. To determine the optimum density and efficiency of fertilizer application to ensure the high productivity of the energy plantations of the 'Max-4' poplar on the sod podzolic soils of the Prykarpattia region. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical. Results. After the fourth year of vegetation, the highest height of trees in the poplar plantations was recorded in the version with the lowest planting density (5.6 thousand plants/ha), 8.9 and 9.3 m, respectively. The average diameter of the central shoot was 109 mm at the control and 112 mm with fertilization at the rate of N40P300K300 + N40. It was found that the growth of the poplar of the fourth year of vegetation in height was slightly higher than the indicators of the third vegetation period, and lower in diameter. The diameter with the highest density (8.3 thousand plants/ha) was reduced to 9 and 12 mm per year. The average growth of these plantations in height over the last 2 years was at the level of 2.1 m, and in individual variants, it significantly increased from 1.7–1.9 m to 2.2–2.5 m. The highest yield of 4-year biomass was obtained at a density of 6.7 thousand plants/ha_ 69.5 t/ha of dry weight, which is 5.6 t/ha more than at a density of 8.3 thousand plants/ha and 2.9 t/ha compared to a density of 5.6 thousand plants/ha. The introduction of mineral fertilizers provided an increase in the yield by 12.9–16.2 t/ha of dry weight. According to the variants of the experiment, the average annual growth of dry biomass in the 4 years was from 12.8 to 17.7 t/ha, while in the fourth year it was from 11.2 to 15.6 t/ha. This indicates the feasibility of conducting the first harvest of poplar energy biomass after four years of cultivation. With the harvesting of poplar biomass after the third year of vegetation, a considerable amount of dry biomass (from 9.0 to 12.4 t/ha) can be obtained already in the first year. The introduction of mineral fertilizers ensured an increase in energy yield for all the studied density variants ranging from 227.0 to 285.1 GJ/ha. Conclusions. On turf podzolized medium-loamy soils of the Prykarpattia region, the highest indicators of the biomass productivity were found at the average planting density (6.7 thousand plants/ha) and fertilizer application. The biomass yield was 69.5 t/ha of dry weight, which is 8.8 % more than at the planting density of 8.3 thousand plants/ha and 4.4 % more than at the density of 5.6 thousand plants/ha. The optimum age of the first biomass harvesting in the studied density range is 4 years, and the next harvesting should be carried out every 3 years., Цель. Определить оптимальные показатели густоты и эффективность внесения минеральных удобрений для обеспечения высокой производительности энергетических плантаций тополя 'Мах-4' на дерновых оподзоленных почвах Прикарпатья.Методы. Полевой, лабораторный, статистический.Результаты. После четвертого года вегетации наибольшую высоту деревьев в плантациях тополя зафиксировано в варианте с наименьшей плотностью посадки (5,6 тыс. шт./га) – 8,9 и 9,3 м. Средний диаметр центрального побега при этом составлял 109 мм на контроле и 112 мм – при внесении удобрений из расчета N40P300K300 + N40. Установлено, что прирост тополя четвертого года вегетации по высоте был несколько выше показателей третьего вегетационного периода, а по диаметру – ниже. Особенно уменьшили прирост по диаметру варианты с наибольшей плотностью посадки (8,3 тыс. шт./га) – до 9 и 12 мм в год. Средний прирост этих насаждений по высоте за последние 2 года был на уровне 2,1 м, а в более редких вариантах он существенно вырос – от 1,7–1,9 м до 2,2–2,5 м. Самая высокая урожайность 4-летней биомассы получено при густоте 6,7 тыс. шт./га – 69,5 т/га сухой массы, что на 5,6 т/га больше, чем при густоте 8,3 тыс. шт./га и на 2,9 т/га – по сравнению с густотой 5,6 тыс. шт./га. Внесение минеральных удобрений обеспечило увеличение урожая на 12,9–16,2 т/га сухой массы. В среднем за 4 года годовой прирост сухой биомассы по вариантам опыта составил от 12,8 до 17,7 т/га, в то время как за четвертый год – от 11,2 до 15,6 т/га. Это указывает на целесообразность проведения первой заготовки энергетической биомассы тополя после четырех лет выращивания. При срезании биомассы тополя после третьего года вегетации уже за первый год можно получить значительное количество сухой биомассы (от 9,0 до 12,4 т/га). Внесение минеральных удобрений обеспечило увеличение выхода энергии по всем исследуемым вариантам густоты в пределах от 227,0 до 285,1 ГДж/га.Выводы. На дерновых оподзоленных среднесуглинистых почвах Прикарпатья наибольшие показатели продуктивности биомассы четырехлетних энергетических плантаций тополя оказались при средней густоте посадки (6,7 тыс. шт./га) и внесении минеральных удобрений. Урожайность сухой биомассы составляла 69,5 т/га, что на 8,8% больше по сравнению с густотой посадки 8,3 тыс. шт./га и на 4,4% – по сравнению с густотой 5,6 тыс. шт./га. Оптимальный возраст проведения первой заготовки биомассы в исследуемом диапазоне густоты плантаций – 4 года, а следующих – через каждые 3 года., Мета. Встановити оптимальні показники густоти та ефективність внесення мінеральних добрив для забезпечення високої продуктивності енергетичних плантацій тополі 'Мах-4' на дернових опідзолених ґрунтах Прикарпаття.Методи. Польовий, лабораторний, статистичний.Результати. Після четвертого року вегетації найбільшу висоту дерев у плантаціях тополі зафіксовано у варіанті з найменшою густотою садіння (5,6 тис. шт./га) – 8,9 та 9,3 м. Середній діаметр центрального пагона при цьому становив 109 мм на контролі та 112 мм – за внесення добрив з розрахунку N40P300K300 + N40. Встановлено, що приріст тополі четвертого року вегетації за висотою був дещо вищим за показники третього вегетаційного періоду, а за діаметром – нижчим. Особливо зменшили приріст за діаметром варіанти з найбільшою густотою (8,3 тис. шт./га) – до 9 і 12 мм у рік. Середній приріст цих насаджень за висотою за останні 2 роки був на рівні 2,1 м, а у рідкіших варіантах – суттєво зріс з 1,7–1,9 м до 2,2–2,5 м. Найвищу урожайність 4-річної біомаси отримано за густоти 6,7 тис. шт./га – 69,5 т/га сухої маси, що на 5,6 т/га більше ніж за густоти 8,3 тис. шт./га та на 2,9 т/га – порівняно з густотою 5,6 тис. шт./га. Внесення мінеральних добрив забезпечило збільшення урожаю на 12,9–16,2 т/га сухої маси. У середньому за 4 роки річний приріст сухої біомаси за варіантами досліду становив від 12,8 до 17,7 т/га, у той час, як за четвертий рік – від 11,2 до 15,6 т/га. Це вказує на доцільність проведення першої заготівлі енергетичної біомаси тополі після чотирьох років вирощування. За зрізання біомаси тополі після третього року вегетації уже за перший рік можна отримати значну кількість сухої біомаси (від 9,0 до 12,4 т/га). Внесення мінеральних добрив забезпечило збільшення виходу енергії за всіма досліджуваними варіантами густоти у межах від 227,0 до 285,1 ГДж/га.Висновки. На дернових опідзолених середньосуглинкових ґрунтах Прикарпаття найбільші показники висоти чотирирічних дерев енергетичних плантацій тополі, їх діаметра та продуктивності біомаси виявилися за середньої густоти садіння (6,7 тис. шт./га) і внесення мінеральних добрив. Урожайність біомаси становила 69,5 т/га сухої маси, що на 8,8 % більше порівняно з густотою садіння 8,3 тис. шт./га та на 4,4 % більше порівняно з густотою 5,6 тис. шт./га. Оптимальний вік проведення першої заготівлі біомаси в досліджуваному діапазоні густоти – 4 роки, а наступних – через кожні 3 роки.

U ovom radu je analizirana proizvodnja i zaštita soje na OPG-u „Mario Teskera“. Agrotehničke mjere, od obrade tla do žetve, su obavljene prema pravilima struke. Zaštita soje je proces koji se odvija tijekom čitave godine. U radu se opisuju mjere zaštite i suzbijanje najznačajnijih štetnika koji su se pojavili na OPG-u u 2018. godini te njihovi simptomi. Uzgoj soje na OPG-u pokazao se vrlo rentabilnim., This paper analyzes the production and protection of soybean at family farm Mario Teskera. Agricultural measures, from tillage to harvest, are carried out according to the rules of the profession. Soybean protection is a year-round process. This paper describes the protection and control measures for the most significant pests that appeared on family farm in 2018 and their symptoms. Growing soybean at family farm has proven to be very profitable.

Cilj završnog rada bio je analizirati proizvodnju kukuruza na OPG-u Marko Lešić u posljednjem trogodišnjem razdoblju (2016.-2018.), odnosno prikazati provedene agrotehničke zahvate, vremenske prilike i ostvarene prinose. OPG Marko Lešić je osnovan 2016. u Bošnjacima u Vukovarsko-srijemskoj županiji i raspolaže s 35 ha oranica na kojima uzgaja najzastupljenije ratarske kulture. U sve tri analizirane godine prosječne temperature zraka su bile iznad višegodišnjeg prosjeka za 1,1 °C (2016.), 1,7 °C (2017.) i čak 2,8 °C (2018.). U usporedbi s višegodišnjim prosjekom 2016. i 2018. je palo 2 % i 24 % više oborina, a 2017. 18 % manje oborina. Prosječni prinos u sve tri promatrane godine je iznosio visokih 10,92 t/ha. Najprinosnija godina je bila 2018. s ostvarenim prosječnim prinosom od 14,5 t/ha, a najniži prosječni prinos je ostvaren 2017. godine s vrlo niskih 6,5 t/ha. U promatranom trogodišnjem razdoblju pokazalo se da kukuruz ostvaruje dosta niže prinose kada je nedovoljna količina oborina i iznadprosječna temperatura zraka što je i za očekivati. Isto tako se pokazalo da je svaka proizvodna godina specifična sama po sebi, a uz istu gnojidbu, zaštitu i sklop najveći utjecaj na prinose kukuruza imali su vremenski uvjeti., The aim of the final work was to analyse the production of maize on family farm Marko Lešić in the last three years period (2016-2018) and to show proven agrotechnical operations, weather conditions and yields. Family farm Marko Lešić was founded 2016 in Bošnjaci in Vukovar-Srijem County and has 35 hectares where they cultivate the most abundant field crops. In all three analysed years the average air temperature was higher compared to the long term mean for 1.1 °C (2016), 1.7 ° C (2017) and even 2.8 °C (2018). Compared to the long term mean 2016 and 2018 achieved 2% and 24% more precipitation, while 2017 was 18% less precipitation. Average yield in all three observed years was 10.92 t ha-1. The most prominent year was 2018 with an average yield of 14.5 t ha-1, while the lowest average yield achieved in 2017 with only 6.5 t ha-1. In the observed three years period of maize yielded a fairly low yield when insufficient precipitation and above the temperature were higher then expected. It also appeared that each production year was specific in itself, with the same fertilization, protection and the most important influence on maize yields had time conditions.

U ovome radu ispitivana je tehnologija uzgoja suncokreta na OPG-u „Mišo Kuric“ u 2018. Godini. Agrotehniĉki zahvati obavljani su u skladu s pravilima struke tijekom uzgoja suncokreta. Usjev suncokreta je bio vrlo dobro razvijen i odgovarajućeg sklopa s obzirom na koliĉinu vlage. U radu su korišteni podatci Drţavnog hidrometeorološkog zavoda o vremenskim prilikama za meteorološku postaju Osijek u 2018. Godini. Godina je bila toplija u odnosu na višegodišnji prosjek, isto tako je i koliĉina oborina bila veća, ostvareni prinosi iznose 3 t/ha i zadovoljavajući su s obzirom na vremenske prilike u 2018. godini., This paper investigates the technology of sunflower cultivation at the family farm “Mišo Kuric“ in 2018. Agrotehnical interventions at the family farm were conducted in accordance with vocational norms during a yearround cultivation of sunflower. The oat, due to the amount of moisture, was well-developed and satisfying circuit. The paper uses data from Meteorological and Hydrological Service regarding weather conditions for Osijek weather station in 2018. Year 2018 was warmer than the multi-year average while the precipitation rate in 2018 was higher by 23 mm. The sunflower seed yield produced during 2018. was 3 t/ha and is satisfactory considering weather conditions in the same year.

U ovom radu opisivana je tehnologija uzgoja kukuruza na OPG-u „Ivan Barišić-Jaman“ u 2018. godini. Agrotehničke mjere od same obrade tla do žetve obavljene se prema pravilima struke. Usjev kukuruza je dao odgovarajući sklop biljaka i zadovoljavajući prinos (oko 12 t/ha) s obzirom kakva je vremenska prognoza pratila 2018. godinu. Prinos silaže bio je 55 t/ha nakon čega je pohranjena u posebne silose te pokrivena folijom kako bi se spriječilo kvarenje silaže. U radu su korišteni podaci Državnog hidrometeorološkog zavoda o vremenskim prilikama za meteorološku postaju Osijek.Potreba za vodom povećava se kako biljka raste, a najveću potrebu za vodom ima u vrijeme metličanja i svilanja, za vrijeme oplodnje i početak nalijevanja zrna. Od klijanja do fiziološke zriobe kukuruza, proizvodnja kukuruza je složen proces, a brzina i trajanje svake faze ovise o karakteristikama hibrida i dužini vegetacije pojedinih hibrida kukuruza., This paper describes the technology of corn production at OPG "Ivan Barišić-Jaman" in 2018. Agrochemical measures of the soil tillage to harvest have been made according to the rules of the profession. The corn had a suitable set of plants and satisfactory yields with considering to the 2018 weather forecast. The yield of silage was 55 t / ha, after which it was stored in special silos and covered with foil to prevent the silage spoilage.The data of the State Hydrometerological Institute on weather conditions for the metrology station Osijek were used in this paper. The need for water increases as the plant grows, and the biggestt need for water is in time of tasseling and silky, during fertilization and grain filling. From germinating to physiological production is a complex process, the speed and duration of each stage depend on the hybrid characteristics and the length of the crops of some corn hybrids.

U ovom radu analizirana je tehnologija proizvodnje soje na OPG-u „Ivan Barišić-Jaman“ u 2018. godini. Agrotehničke mjere od obrade tla do same žetve usjeva obavljene su u skladu s pravilima struke. Usjev soje s obzirom na vremensku prognozu koja je pratila 2018. godinu dala je zadovoljavajući sklop kao i prinos od 4 t/ha. U radu su korišteni podaci Državnog hidrometeorološkog zavoda o vremenskim prilikama za meteorološku postaju Osijek. Vidljivo je da je 2018. godina bila suprotna u odnosu na višegodišnji prosjek. Manjak oborina, odnosno sušni period tijekom travnja i svibnja što je uzrokovalo neznačajne probleme u bubrenju, klijanju i nicanju soje, povećanje oborina tijekom lipnja i srpnja koje je uzrokovalo zadržavanje vode u usjevu. Također, manjak oborina zabilježen je u kolovozu i rujnu koje je donekle stabilizirala vlaga koja je bila dostupna od prethodna dva mjeseca., This paper analyzes soybean technology on OPG Ivan Barišić-Jaman in 2018. Agrotechnical measures from soil till harvest crops have been made according to the rules of the profession. The soybean yield due to the weather forecast that followed 2018 gave a satisfactory circuit as well as a yield of 4 t / ha. The data of the State Hydrometerological Institute on weather conditions for the metrology station Osijek were used in this paper. It is noticeable that 2018 was the year against the multi-annual average. The precipitation shortage, the drying season during April and May, caused unimaginable problems in swelling, germination and soaking of soy, an increase in precipitation during June and July that caused water retention in the crop. Also, the precipitation was recorded in August and September which somewhat stabilized the moisture that was available from the previous two months.

Kukuruz je biljka od iznimne važnosti kako u prehrani ljudi i životinja, tako i u industriji. Zrno je osnovna sirovina u proizvodnji stočne hrane zbog visokog sadržaja ugljikohidrata (70-75%), te sadržaja bjelančevina (10%). Isto tako to je jedna od najzastupljenijih žitarica na svjetskim oranicama. Kao kultura ima dosta visoke potrebe za vlagom, temperaturom i svjetlošću. U ovom je radu analizirana proizvodnja kukuruza na ̋OPG Darko Duvnjak ̋ za 2018. godinu. ̋OPG Darko Duvnjak ̋ bavi se isključivo uzgojem ratarskih kultura, a od ukupno 215 ha obradivog tla kukuruz se sije na 130 hektara. Agrotehničke mjere od same obrade tla do žetve obavljene su prema pravilima struke. Usjev kukuruza je dao odgovarajući sklop biljaka i zadovoljavajući prinos (oko 12-15 t/ha)., Corn is a plant of great importance both in the diet of humans and animals as well as in the industry. Grain is the main raw material for the production of animal feed due to high carbohydrate content (70-75%) and protein content (10%). It is also one of the most abundant grains in the world. As the culture has a lot of high demands for moisture, temperature and light. This paper analyzes the production of maize on "OPG Darko Duvnjak" for 2018. OPG Darko Duvnjak "deals exclusively with the cultivation of field crops, and from a total of 215 hectares of arable land corn is sown on 130 hectares. Agrotechnical measures from soil tillage to harvest have been made according to the rules of the profession. The corn had a suitable set of plants and satisfactory yields (about 12-15 t/ha)

Cilj završnog rada bio je prikazati detaljnu proizvodnju ječma u Republici Hrvatskoj s kratkim osvrtom i na proizvodnju u svijetu. Osim toga, u radu su opisani i agroekološki uvjeti proizvodnje ječma te uobičajena agotehnika u intezivnoj proizvodnji na našem područiju. Ječam se koristi za hranidbu životinja, industrijsku preradu te prehranu ljudi. U pogledu agroekoloških uvjeta ječam najbolje podnosi sušu i visoke temperature, ima najmanje potrebe za vodom i slabije podnosi niske temperature od pšenice. Kako bi se dobio visok i stabilan prinos vrlo su bitne sve agrotehničke mjere u proizvodnji ječam (plodored, obrada tla, sjetva, njega i žetva), a naročitu pozornost treba posvetiti gnojidbi. Među žitaricama ječam se u svijetu nalazi na četvrtom mjestu. U prosjeku se uzgaja na oko 50 milijuna ha s prosječnim prinosom od 2,9 t/ha od čega se čak 62 % zasijanih površina nalazi u Europi. U Republici Hrvatskoj ječam se u prosjeku (2006. - 2015.) uzgajao na 54 468 ha što znači da se po zastupljenosti na oranicama nalazi na četvrtom mjestu. Prosječan prinos je iznosio 3,9 t/ha što je značajno više u usporedbi s svjetskim prosjekom. Međutim, u analiziranom razdoblju prinos je varirao od 3,3 t/ha u 2010. do čak 4,4 t/ha u 2015. što je povećanje od oko 33 %, a glavni razlog ovakvih variranja su vremenske prilike., The aim of this study was to analyze barely production in Republic of Croatia with review on world production. Furthermore, the paper describes the agroecological condition of barley production and the usual practice for barley intensive production. Barley is used for animal feed, industrial processing and human nutrition. Regarding the agroecological conditions, barley is best tolerated by drought and high temperatures, it has the lowest water requirements and is quite susceptible to low temperature than wheat. All agrotechnical measures is very important for high and stabile yield of barley and fertilization is particularly important. Among the cereals, the barley is ranged in the fourth place in the world. It occupies about 50 million hectares with an average grain yield of 2.9 t/ha. In Europe there is about 62% of total barley productions. In the period from 2006 to 2015 in Croatia barley on average occupies 54 468 ha, which means that it is ranked fourth on the Croatia’s arable land The average yield was 3.9 t/ha what is notably higher in comparison to the world average. However, in that period yield varied from 3.3 t/ha in 2010 to 4.4 t/ha in 2015 what is 33% higher. Main reason for shuch high variation can be weather conditions.

Cilj rada je bio prikazati analizu provedene agrotehnike na OPG-u Milinković i vremenskih prilika na prinose ratarskih kultura tijekom dvije vegetacijske sezone. OPG Milinković je osnovano 2002. na području općine Trpinja, Vukovarsko-srijemska županija, a raspolaže sa 111 ha obradivih površina na kojima uzgaja pšenicu, ječam, kukuruz, soju i suncokret. Sva agrotehnika se obavlja pomoću vlastitih strojeva i uređaja. Obje godine sa stajališta vremenskih prilika i uzgoja ratarskih kultura su bile uglavnom povoljne jer su vrijednosti količine oborina i prosječnih temperatura zraka bile na razini ili nešto ispod višegodišnjeg prosjeka. Tijekom analiziranih godina OPG je provodio gotovo jednaku agrotehniku proizvodnje ratarskih usjeva poštujući pravila plodoreda, obrade tla, gnojidbe, zaštite od korova, bolest i štetnika te berbe ili žetve. U sjetvi se koristi uvijek certificirano i provjereno sjeme sorti ili hibrida. U 2015./2016. prinosi pšenice su bili 4,6 t/ha i ječma 5,1 t/ha dok su u 2016./2017. prinosi pšenice bile nešto veći (5,2 t/ha). U obje godine uzgoja kukuruz je postigao najveće prinose od 9,5 t/ha (2016.) i 8,6 t/ha (2017.). Suncokret je u prosjeku obje godine ostvario prinos od oko 4,0 t/ha, dok je prinos soje varirao od 2,4 t/ha (2017.) do 2,9 t/ha (2016.). Ostvareni prinosi analiziranih kultura su bili zadovoljavajući s obzirom na provedenu agrotehniku i vremenske prilike., Aim of this final work was to shown conducted agrotechnic operations on family farm Milinkovic and influence of weather conditions on yield filed crops during two vegetation season. Family farm Milinkovic was established 2002 in Trpinja, Vukovarsko-srijemska county. They has 111 ha arable land on which cultivated wheat, barley, maize, soybean and sunflower. Family farm Milinkovic owns all technical equipment for agrotehnical operations. Both years with aspect of field crops and weather conditions were mostly favorable. Values of total precipitation and average air temperatures was on level of long term mean or little below them. During analyzed years family farm did almost equal agrotehnich operations with aspect of crop rotation, soil tillage, fertilization, weed, insect and disease protect and harvest. In sowing, they always used certified seeds of varieties and hybrids. In vegetation 2015/2016 wheat yield was 4.6 t ha-1 and barley 5.1 t ha-1 while wheat yield in 2016/2017 was bigger (5.2 t ha-1 ). In both year maize achieved the highest yield from 9.5 t ha-1 (2016) to 8.6 t ha-1 (2017). Sunflower was in average for both years achieved 4.0 t ha-1 while soybean yield varied from 2.4 t ha-1 (2017) to 2.9 t ha-1 (2016). Generally, achieved yields tested field crops was satisfactory with aspect of conducted agrotechnics operations and weather conditions.

Raž (lat. Secale cereale) je jednogodišnja biljna vrsta iz porodice trava (Poaceae, Gramineae) koja se kao žitarica najviše uzgaja u sjevernoj Europi, a uspijeva do 69.5° sjeverne širine. Ciljevi uzgoja raži slični su onima u uzgoju drugih žitarica maloga zrna. Raženo zrno se koristi uglavnom za hranu, ali i za proizvodnju etanola. Ova žitarica je druga u nizu, nakon pšenice, za proizvodnju kruha, a koristi se i kao pašnjak ili krmno bilje. Također, služi i kao zimski pokrovni usjev jer raste brzo u jesen te pokriva zemlju i tako štiti tlo od erozije. Ova žitarica je posebno važan usjev u Poljskoj, Njemačkoj, Rusiji, Ukrajini i Bjelorusiji. U Hrvatskoj se uzgaja u mnogo manjim količinama. Iako je raž je najzahvalnija i najskromnija žitarica prema klimatskim uvjetima i tlu, kultivirana površina raži i njezina proizvodnja u svijetu znatno se smanjila u posljednjih pola stoljeća. Raž se danas uglavnom proizvodi za industrijske potrebe tržišta, međutim, to su zaista ukupno gledajući male površine., Rye (lat. Secale cereale) is a one-year plant species and a member of the wheat tribe (Poaceae, Gramineae) which is mostly bred as a cereal in northern Europe and it is succesfully bred to 69,5° of the nothern latitude. Goals in rye breeding are similar to those of other small grain cereals. Rye grain is mostly used for food but also for ethanol production. This cereal is, after wheat, the second most used cereal in bread production and it is also used for pasture or roughage. It also serves as a cover crop beacuse it grows fast in the autumn and in that way covers the land and protects it from the erosion. This cereal is very important in Poland, Germany, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. It is also bred in Croatia, but in smaller amount. Although rye is the most thankful and the humblest cereal to breed judging by climate and soil condition needed, cultivated surface of rye and it's production have been significally reduced in last half of the century. Rye is today mostly used for industrial needs of the market, however those amounts are in total view very small amounts.

U radu su se ispitivali utjecaji vremenskih prilika i agrotehnike na činitelje prinosa i kvalitete zrna soje 2017. godine na gospodarstvu OPG „Primorac Željko“. Podaci za vremenske prilike u istraživanju korišteni su sa Državnog hidrometeorološkog zavoda meteorološke postaje Osijek 2017. godine u razdoblju od mjeseca travnja do rujna. U vegetaciji soje zabilježeno je 2017. godine 319,9 mm, odnosno manje za 57,9 mm u odnosu na višegodišnji prosjek (377,8 mm), a srednja temperatura iznosila je 19,1 °C, odnosno bila je veća za 1,3 °C od višegodišnjeg prosjeka (17,8 °C). Agrotehnički zahvati na gospodarstvu 2017. godine obavljani su po preporuci stručne literature i dosadašnjih istraživanja, ali i vlastitih iskustava u proizvodnji soje. Ostvareni prosječni prinos na gospodarstvu 2017. godine je 4,9 t/ha. Po podacima o vremenskim prilikama i ostvarenom prosječnom prinosu može se zaključiti da je prinos visok iako je 2017. godina bila sušna., The paper analyzes the effects of weather and agrotehnics on yield and quality of soybean grain on family farm „Primorac Željko“ in 2017. Weather data used in the study was taken from Hydrometeorological Institute in Osijek in the period from April to September 2017. The average rainfall in soybean vegetation in 2017 was 319.9 mm, which is 57.9 mm less than the annual average (377.8 mm). The average temperature was 19.1 °C, which is 1.3 °C higher than the average perennial (17.8 °C). Field work on the farm was done according to previous researches, contemporary literature and previous on field experiences in soy production. The average yield on the farm in 2017 was 4.9 t/ha. It can be concluded that the yield was high although the year was predominantly dry.

Cilj završnog rada bio je prikazati analizu provedene agrotehnike i postignute prinose pšenice na obrtu PRO FARM Mandić tijekom dvije vegetacijske godine 2016./2017. i 2017./2018. U strukturi sjetve na obrtu dominira proizvodnja pšenice i uljane repice, a posjeduje svu potrebnu mehanizaciju za intezivnu ratarsku proizvodnju. Obje analizirane godine karakterizira iznadprosječna temperatura zraka dok je u pogledu količine oborina 2016./17. bila s manje oborina, a 2017./18. s više oborina uz relativno nepovoljnu distribuciju. Tijekom analiziranih godina PRO FARM Mandić je provodio gotovo istu intenzivnu agrotehniku uz naglasak na poštivanje plodoreda. Tijekom vegetacije obavljene su sve potrebne mjere njege i zaštite od korova, bolesti i štetnika prema potrebi u svakoj analiziranoj godini. U vegetaciji 2016./2017. prosječan prinos sa svih površina je iznosio 8,2 t/ha, dok je u 2017./2018. iznosio nešto manje (7,5 t/ha). S obzirom da su agrotehničke operacije bile vrlo slične za obje godine glavni razlozi niţih prinosa u 2018. mogu biti nešto lošiji vremenski uvjeti uz neravnomjernu distribuciju oborina tijekom vegetacije., The purpose of this final work is to present analysis of agrotechnics and yield of wheat at the family farm PRO FARM Mandić during two vegetative seasons 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. Wheat and rapeseed dominate the planting structure, whereas the farm owns all mechanization needed for intensive agriculture production. Both analyzed years were characterized by above the average air temperature and rainfall fluctuations, with less than average rain during 2016/2017 and above the average rain during 2017/2018 with unfavorable distribution of rainfalls. During two analyzed years PRO FARM Mandić carried same intensive agrotechnical operations respecting crop rotation. During the period of vegetation, fertilization, weed, diseases and pests control measures were carried as needed. Average yield was 8.2 t ha-1 and 7.5 t ha-1 in 2016/2017 and 2017/2018, respectively. Agrotechnical measures were similar in both years, main reason for smaller yield in 2018 was due to less favorable weather condition and fluctuation of rainfall during vegetative period.

U ovom radu obavljeno je ispitivanje na utjecanje tehnologije proizvodnje i vremenskih prilika na urod ječma na OPG-u „Primorac Željko“ tijekom vegetacijskih godina 2016./17. i 2017./18. Svi agrotehnički zahvati su obavljeni prema pravilima struke u obje vegetacijske godine. U ovom istraživanju korišteni su interni podatci sa OPG-a „Primorac Željko“ i Državnog hidrometeorološkog zavoda o vremenskim prilikama za meteorološku postaju Osijek tijekom 2016./17. i 2017./18. Prosječni prinos 2016./17. godine iznosio je 5,2 t/ha, a 2017./18. godine 4,8 t/ha. Iz navedenih podataka možemo zaključiti da su u analiziranim godinama ostvareni kvalitetni prinosi, In this papper the examination of influence of technology production and agrotechnical measures and weather opportunities on the yield of barley on OPG-u „Primorac Željko“ during the vegetation years of 2016./17. i 2017./18 was carried. Every agrotechnical procedure was done according to the rules of the profession in the both of vegetation years. In this study, internal data were used of OPG „Primorac Željko" and the data of the State Hydrometerological Institute about weather conditions for the Osijek during the 2016./17. i 2017./18 years. Average yield on 2016./17. years was 5,2 t/ha, and 2017./18. years 4.8 t/ha. From the above data we can conclude that quality yields have been achieved for the years analyzed..

Ječam ima veliku važnost u industriji piva i viskija jer se od njega dobiva kvalitetan slad kojim se postiže jačina i kakvoća proizvoda. Također ima veliku agrotehničku važnost jer se ranije sije i ranije dozrijeva. U ovom radu objašnjeno je kakve uvjete uzgoja ječam zahtjeva, te što je sve potrebno da bi taj ječam bio pivarski. Skromnih je zahtjeva prema vlazi i toplini u odnosu na pšenicu. . Na nedostatak vode najosjetljiviji je u vrijeme nalijevanja zrna. Mora se uzgajati na plodnijim tlima. Provođenjem svih agrotehničkih mjera može se očekivati prinos 5 i više t ha-1. Osim agrotehnike i uvjeta uzgoja u rad je uvršten rad naših selekcijskih kuća i njihove sorte. Dugotrajnim i napornim radom stvaraju se kvalitetne sorte koje zadovoljavaju sve parametre uzgoja., Barley is a grain of great importance concerning the industries of beer and whiskeys since it produces a high-quality malt. Malt is the ingredient that guarantees the strength and quality of the products. Barley is also of a great agrotechnical significance because it is known as a grain which soars and matures earlier than most of other species. This paper explains the conditions in which the barley is grown and describes the requirements needed to make that barley a brewery ingredient. Barley doesn’t require as much heat and moisture in comparison to wheat. It is most sensitive to the lack of water at the time of grafting. It is necessary for barley to be planted and grown on more fertile soil. By performing all necessary agrotechnical measures, the income of 5 and more t ha-1 can be anticipated. In addition to the agrotechnology and the conditions of breeding, this work also describes the work of our selection houses and their grain sorts. Longlasting and hard work can produce the high-quality sorts which meet all the parameters of growth.

Osnovni cilj rada bila je analiza proizvodnje odnosno provedene agrotehnike kukuruza na PG Grube d.o.o. tijekom dva vegetacijska razdoblja 2016 i 2017. Poljoprivredno gospodarstvo obrađuje oko 350 ha oranica na kojima dominira proizvodnja kukuruza, a bavi se i stočarskom proizvodnjom. Analizirane godine su bile drugačije sa stajališta uzgoja kukuruza jer je u 2016. bilo više, a 2017. manje oborina od promatranog prosjeka (1981.-2016.). Istovremeno, temperature zraka su bile više u obje godine. S obzirom da PG Grube posjeduje vrlo velik broj suvremene mehanizacije sve agrotehničke operacije su provedene u skladu s pravilima struke ukoliko su to vremenske prilike dozvoljavale. Sjetva kukuruza se obavila na gustoću sklopa od 64 000 do 69 000 biljaka po ha, a posijani su hibridi sjemenskih kuća Bc Instituta Zagreb i KWS. S obzirom da je kukuruz širokoredni usjev posebna pozornost se posvetila zaštiti protiv korova. Na PG Grube ostvareni prinosi kukuruza su jako ovisili o vremenskim prilikama tijekom vegetacije, ali općenito bili su iznadprosječni u usporedbi s državnim prosjekom. Ostvareni prinosi u 2016. su se kretali od 11,9 t/ha do 15,6 t/ha, a u 2017. su iznosili od 6,8 t/ha do 12,5 t/ha., The main aim of the work was to analyse the production of the maize and agrotechnics at PG Grube d.o.o. during the two vegetation periods 2016 and 2017. On this farm about 350 hectares is cultivated and maize production dominates, but is also engaged in livestock production. The analysed years were different from the standpoint of maize growing because in 2016 there were more, and in 2017 was less precipitation than the observed average (1981-2016). At the same time, air temperatures were higher in both years. As PG Grube possesses a very large number of modern mechanics, all agrotechnical operations have been carried out in accordance with the rules of the profession, if permitted by weather conditions. Maize sowing was done on a density of 64,000 to 69,000 plants per ha, and maize hybrids of Bc Institute Zagreb and KWS were sown. Special attention has been paid to the protection against weeds. Maize yields on PG Grube were highly dependent on weather conditions during vegetation but overall were above average compared to the state average. The realized yields in 2016 ranged from 11.9 t/ha to 15.6 t/ha, and in 2017 from 6.8 t/ha to 12.5 t/ha.

In the article, the use of polymer complexes in alluvial–meadow soils under 70–80–65% pre-moisture from the marginal moisture capacity is considered, in the second variant with the 1–2–1 irrigation scheme. In the seedling and flowering phase, one irrigation with a norm of 734 m3/ha was carried out, in the blossoming and fruit cultivation phase, three waterings were carried out with the norms of 631–644 m3/ha, in the maturation phase, one irrigation with an irrigation rate of 865 m3/ha was carried out. The irrigation norm was 2874 m3/ha or, with respect to the option, a control of 1754 m3/ha less, which allowed saving irrigation water, as well as the results of the conducted experiments and their impact on cotton growth, development and yield., {"references":["Akhmedzhonov, D. G. (2015). Irrigation of cotton with the use of polymer-polymer complexes in steppe zones. Irrigatsiya va Meliоratsiya, (1), 23-27","Akhmedzhonov, D. G. (2016). Establishment of the irrigation norm of cotton during watering through a screen from an interpolymer complex with the addition of minerals. Irrigatsiya va Meliоratsiya. 3 (5). 28-30.","Akhmedzhonov, D. G., Beknozarova, Z. F., & Akhmedzhanov, G. (2015). Improvement of operational control indicators for cotton-glaze irrigation. Young scientist, (5). 215-217.","Akhmedzhonov, D. G., & Khuzhamuradova, N. (2017). Mathematical modeling of surface watering of cotton. Water purification. Water treatment. Water supply, (7). 24-27.","Khamidov, M. Kh., & Zhalolov, A. (2015). Suv resource of the ochilon boshka-rish, ularni iktisod kilish vamarali foidalanish muammolari. Irrigatsiya va Melioratsiya, (1). 28-33","Suvanov, B. U. (2018). Subrigrigation as a modern water-saving method of irrigation. Actual problems of modern science, (1). 135-139.","Pfister, S., Bayer, P., Koehler, A., & Hellweg, S. (2011). Environmental impacts of water use in global crop production: hotspots and trade-offs with land use. Environmental science & technology, 45(13), 5761-5768.","Postel, S. L. (2000). Entering an era of water scarcity: the challenges ahead. Ecological applications, 10(4), 941-948.","Ram, H., Kumar, B., Aggarwal, N., & Kaur, J. (2018). Resource-Conserving Technologies for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency and Crop Productivity. In Eco-friendly Agro-biological Techniques for Enhancing Crop Productivity (pp. 129-145). Springer, Singapore.","Kumar, P. A., Kumar, G. A., & Vennela, K. (2018). Role of water absorbing materials in vegetable production. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(2), 3639-3644.","Echchelh, A., Hess, T., & Sakrabani, R. (2018). Reusing oil and gas produced water for irrigation of food crops in drylands. Agricultural Water Management, 206, 124-134."]}

Cilj diplomskog rada je bila analiza proizvodnje ozime pšenice na poljoprivrednom gospodarstvu TID Solara tijekom tri vegetacijske godine (2014./2015, 2015./2016. i 2016./2017.) s obzirom na vremenske prilike i provedenu agrotehniku. Vremenske prilike su bile specifične za svaku godinu. Količina oborina tijekom 2014./2015. godine nije značajnije odstupala od višegodišnjeg prosjeka uz povećanu prosječnu temperaturu zraka za 1,4 °C. Iako nije bilo drastičnih odstupanja u ovoj vegetaciji su ostvareni najniži prosječni prinosi pšenice od 7,63 t/ha. Sorta Kraljica je imala veći prinos i bolju kvalitetu u usporedbi sa sortom BcMira. Tijekom 2015./2016. godine vremenske prilike su bile gotovo jednake prethodnoj godini, ali uz značajna odstupanja tijekom mjeseci. Tako je prevelika količina oborina u listopadu odgodila sjetvu, a tijekom lipnja i srpnja i žetvu. Prosječno ostvareni prinosi su bili 8,26 t/ha uz relativno dobru kvalitetu zrna u pogledu sadržaja proteina (13,5 %) i hektolitarske mase (82,0 kg/hl). Sorta Sofru je imala nešto niži prinos i manji sadržaj proteina od sorte Falado. U 2016./2017. godini količina oborina je bila niža za 11% u usporedbi s višegodišnjim prosjekom dok je temperatura zraka bila na razini višegodišnjeg prosjeka. Takvi uvjeti su izuzetno pogodovali razvoju ozime pšenice jer su u ovoj godini postignuti najviši prinosi i kvaliteta zrna. Sorta Sofru je postigla prinos od 10,12 t/ha uz izuzetno visok sadržaj proteina (14,0 %) i hektolitarske mase (84,3 kg/hl) dok je sorta Falado postigla 10,05 t/ha i nešto slabiju kvalitetu. Visoki prinosi i kvaliteta tijekom analiziranog razdoblja su opravdali sva ulaganja kroz agrotehničke operacije te se proizvodnja kao takva pokazala ekonomski isplativa., The aim of this graduate thesis was to analyze the production of winter wheat in the agricultural holding of TID Solara during the three vegetation seasons (2014/2015, 2015/2016 and 2016/2017) with respect to weather conditions and conducted crop management. The weather conditions were specific for each year. Rainfall in 2014/2015 season did not significantly deviate from the annual average with an increased average air temperature of 1.4°C. Although there were no drastic deviations in this vegetation, the lowest average yields of wheat of 7, 63 t/ha were achieved. The Kraljica variety had a higher grain yield and better quality compared to BcMira. During 2015/2016 weather conditions were almost the same as in the previous season, but with significant deviations over the months. High precipitation rate in the late October and also during June and July postponed sowing, as well as harvest. The average yield were 8, 26 t/ha with relatively adequate grain quality in terms of protein content (13.5%) and hectoliter weight (82.0 kg/hl). Sofru variety had a slightly lower yield and lower protein content than Falado's. In 2016/2017 rainfall was lower by 11% compared to the annual average, while the air temperature was on a multi-year basis. Such conditions were extremely favorable to the development of winter wheat because the highest yield and grain quality were achieved this year. Sofru varitey achieved a yield of 10.12 t/ha with very high protein content (14.0%) and hectoliter weight (84.3 kg/ hl) while Falado varieties reached 10.05 t/ha and slightly lower quality. High yields and quality throughout the analyzed period justified all investments through agronomic practice and production as such proved to be economically viable.

В работе изучали применение минеральных и микробиологических жидких удобрений при возделывании маша. Материалом в опыте были два сортообразца из коллекции ВИР к-11749 (Индия) и к-12208 (Индия). Провели обработку семян маша перед посевом минеральными и микробиологическими удобрениями. В фазы бутонизации и цветения-плодообразования провели некорневую подкормку опытных вариантов 0,5% раствором минеральных удобрений. Контроль семена и растения без обработки. Анализ снопового материала показал, что применение минеральных удобрений оказывает стимулирующее действие на рост и развитие растений маша. Обработка семян микробиологическими удобрениями основе штаммов Bacillus subtillus и Bradyrirhizobium yaponicum оказали угнетающее действие на рост и развитие растений маша. Инокуляции ризосферы этими организмами не произошло, симбиотических клубеньков на корневой системе не обнаружено. Внесения минеральных элементов, применённые в агротехнике маша позволят раскрыть и полнее реализовать потенциал этой культуры., The work studied the use of mineral and microbiological liquid fertilizers in the cultivation of Masha. Material in experience was two sample from the VIR collection to-11749 (India) and 12208 (India). Masha’s seeds were treated before sowing with mineral and microbiological fertilizers. In the phase of budding and flowering-fruit formation, foliar feeding of experimental variants with 0.5% solution of mineral fertilizers was carried out. Control-seeds and plants without treatment. Analysis of the sheaf material showed that the use of mineral fertilizers has a stimulating effect on the growth and development of Masha plants. Seed treatment with microbiological fertilizers based on Bacillus subtillus and Bradyrirhizobium yaponicum strains had a depressing effect on the growth and development of Masha plants. Inoculation of the rhizosphere by these organisms did not occur, no symbiotic nodules were found on the root system. Application of mineral elements used in agricultural machinery Masha will reveal and fully realize the potential of this culture.

Obiteljsko poljoprivredno gospodarstvo Solaković osnovano je 2000. u mjestu Bapska u Vukovarskojsrijemskoj županiji. Bavi se ratarskom i stočarskom proizvodnjom. Cilj rada bio je analizirati provedene agrotehničke mjere u proizvodnji pšenice te utvrditi utjecaj vremenskih uvjeta tijekom dvije vegetacijske godine (2015./2016. i 2016./2017.) na prinos i kvalitetu zrna ozime pšenice. Količina oborina u prvoj analiziranoj godini je bila vrlo slična višegodišnjem prosjeku (480 mm) dok je temperatura zraka bila viša za 1,2 °C u usporedbi s višegodišnjim prosjekom (9,2 °C). U 2016./2017. godini ukupno je palo manje oborina za 17 % uz sličnu vrijednost temperature zraka. U obje godine na OPG-u je obavljena vrlo slična agrotehnika. Oranje je obavljeno na 25 cm dubine, a predsjetvena priprema tanjuračom. U osnovnoj gnojidbi se primijenilo 250 kg/ha NPK 15-15-15 i 50 kg/ha ureje, a preostale količine dušika su dodane u dvije prihrane KAN-om u količini 200 kg/ha i 150 kg/ha. U obje godine je sijana sorta Lucija u optimalnom agrotehničkom roku. Prosječan prinos u vegetaciji 2015./2016. je iznosio 6,4 t/ha uz viši postotak proteina (12,6%) i veću hektolitarsku masu (83,2 kg/hl). U sljedećoj vegetaciji prosječan prinos je bio nešto veći (6,6 t/ha), ali s nižim sadržajem proteina (11,3%) i manjom hektolitarskom masom (82,7 kg/hl)., The family farm Solakovic was established in 2000 in Bapska, Osijek-Baranya County and they have crops and livestock production. The aim of this work was to analyze the agrotechnical measures in winter wheat production and to determine the influence of weather conditions during the two vegetation seasons 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 on grain yield and quality of wheat grain. The amount of precipitation in the first year was very similar to the long term mean (480 mm) while air temperature was for 1.2 °C higher in comparison to the long term mean (9.2 °C). In the 2016/2017 season amount of precipitation was 17% less in comparison to the long term mean while air temperature was similar to the long term mean. In the both years similar agrotechnics were made. Ploughing was on the 25 cm depth while seedbed preparation was made with harrows. Basic fertilization was done with NPK 15-15-15 in amount of 250 kg/ha and urea in amount of 50 kg/ha. Topdressing was made twice with KAN in amount of 200 kg/ha and 150 kg/ha. In both years winter wheat variety Lucija was sown in an optimal agrotechnical term. Average wheat yield in 2015/2017 was 6.4 t/ha with higher protein content (12.6%) and higher hectolitre weight (83.2 kg/hl). In the next year average yield was slightly higher (6.6 t/ha) but with the lower amount of protein content (11.3%) and lower hectolitre weight (82.7 kg/ha).

This thesis presents the results of malting barley's fertilization obtained on the basis of a field experiment in an agricultural company. The aim of the work was to determine how the rate of nutrients will affect yield and malting quality. Fertilizing was based on three different rations of LAV fertilizer given to plants in an advanced phase of their growth. The rations of nitrogen were set to 20, 40 and 60 kg per hectare. The positive effect of a late fertilization was observed for yield elements. There has been an increase of the number of grains in the ear and of the weight of a thousand grains. Some malting properties were also improved. It was especially the fraction of the front grain and in part germination. But the content of N-substances exceeded the limit in two of three variants.

U ovome radu je opisan utjecaj vremenskih uvjeta na proizvodnju ječma na OPG-u Ivica Živković u 2014. i 2015. godini. Opisana je agrotenika proizvodnje ječam koja je u obe godine bila identična i uz podateke Državnog hidrometeorološkog zavoda o vremenskim prilika u 2014. i 2015. godini za postaju Đakovo donešeni su zaključci o utjecaju vremneskih uvjeta na proizvodnja ječama. U 2014. godini prosječan prinos je bio 4,1 t/ha, a u 2015. godini prosječan prinos je bio 5,3 t/ha. Iz čega je vidljivo da vremenski uvjeti imaju velik utjecaj na prinos ječam. Prosječna temperatura u obe godine bila je 12,9 ˚C što je za 1,5 ˚C više od višegodišnjeg prosjeka. Oborine su u 2014. godini bile izdad prosječne, za razliku od 2015. godine kada su bile ispod višegodišnjeg prosjeka., This seminar describes the influence of weather conditions on barley production at family farm Ivica Živković in 2014. and 2015. year. The barley productions agronomy is described in 2014. and 2015, which was identical. Analyzing The Data Of the State Hydrometeorological Institute on weather conditions in 2014. and 2015. for Đakovo station, conclusions weremade on the influence of weather conditions on barley production. In 2014. The average contribution was 4,1 tonnes of hectares, indian 2015. Average Contribution Was 5,3 tonnes of hectares. Wecanconcludethatthe Contribution Of barley depends on weather influences. The average temperature in both years was 12,9 ˚C, which is 1,5 ˚C more than a yearly average. Precipitation rates were up on average in 2014, as opposed to 2015 when they were below the perennial average.

U ovome radu obradili smo uzgoj zobi s naglaskom na uzgoj zobi u Republici Hrvatskoj od 2010. do 2015. godine. Zob je jednogodišnja kultura koja spada u prave žitarice sa plodom koji nazivamo zrno. Bogata je masnim kiselinama, vitaminima i mineralima, prirodni antioksidans i ne sadrži gluten. Koristi se u ishrani ljudi i stoke. Razvija jako dubok korijen koji ima sposobnost crpiti vodu i hranjive tvari iz dubljih slojeva tla. Ne može se uzgajati na tlima koja su pjeskovita jer za svoj uzgoj zahtijeva veće koliĉine vode. U periodu od 2010. do 2015.godine, na podruĉju Osijeka, možemo vidjeti da je najlošija 2010. godina kada je pala i najveća koliĉina oborina i to ĉak 1 038,2 mm te smo imali i relativno visoke temperature što omogućuje brţi i veći razvoj bolesti i štetnika.2012. godine imali smo pravilan raspored oborina, te nešto niže temperature u poĉetku godine, ali opet dovoljno visoke da ne izazovu smrzavanje mladih biljĉica što je u konaĉnici rezultiralo i najvišim prinosom u iznosu od 3,3t/ha. Zob se u Republici Hrvatskoj uzgaja na oko 20 000 do 25 000 ha s prosjeĉnim prinos od 2,5 – 3t/ha., In this paper we have covered topics about growing oats with an emphasis on growing oats in the Republic of Croatia from year 2010. till 2015. Oat is a one year old culture that belongs to the real wheat which we call grain. It is rich in fatty acids, vitamins and minerals, natural antioxidant and doesn`t contain gluten. It is used in human and cattle nutrition. It develops a very deep root that has the ability to draw water and nutrients from deeper layers of soil. Oat can`t be grown on soils that are sandy because it requires larger amounts of water . In period from 2010. till 2015 at Osijek we can see that the worst year was 2010. which had the highest precipitation amounted to 1 038.2 mm and we also had relatively high temperatures which allowed faster pest development. In year 2012. we had a proper precipitation schedule and a slightly lower temperature at the beginning of the year but still high enough not to cause the freezing of young plants, which ultimately resulted in the highest yield of 3.3 t / ha. The oats in the Republic of Croatia is grown to about 20,000 to 25,000 ha with an average yield of 2,5 - 3 t / ha.

U ovome radu ispitivan je utjecaj agrotehnike i vremenskih prilika na urod zrna jeĉma na "Hana Koška" tijekom 2013./14. i 2014./15. godine. Svi agrotehniĉki zahvati (osim prašenja strništa nakon skidanja predusjeva) obavljeni su prema pravilima struke te pravovremeno tijekom obje analizirane godine. U istraţivanju su korišteni podaci Drţavnog hidrometerološkog zavoda o vremenskim prilikama za meterološku postaju Osijek- Ĉepin tijekom 2013./14. i 2014./15. godine. Prosjeĉni prinos 2013./14. godine bio je 7,1 t/ha, dok je 2014./15. iznosio 7,4 t/ha. Prema ostvarenim prinosima moţemo zakljuĉiti da su obje analizirane godine bile vrlo uspješne, meĊutim 2013./14. godine ostvaren je nešto niţi prinos zbog iznad prosjeĉnih koliĉina oborina., This paper investigated the influence of agrotechnics and weather conditions on the yield of barley grain on "Hana Koška" during 2013./14. I 2014./15. years. All agrotechnical procedures (except for puddle stripping after removal of the precursors) were performed according to the rules of the profession and in a timely manner during both analyzed years. The data of the State Hydrometerological Institute on weather conditions for the Osijek-Ĉepin metrological station were used in the survey during 2013./14. I 2014./15. years. Average yield 2013./14. Year was 7,1 t/ha, while 2014/15. Amounted to 7,4 t/ha. Based on the achieved returns, we can conclude that both analyzed years were very successful, however, 2013./14. A slightly lower yield was achieved due to the average rainfall.

U ovom radu ispitivan je utjecaj različitog sklopa na komponente prinosa krastavca na OPG-u Šimić Ilija u 2017.godini. Svi agrotehnički zahvati su obavljeni u skladu sa pravilima struke te pravovremeno. Krastavac salatar je uzgajan u plasteniku veličine 1000m2. Koristilo se sjeme hibrida Touareg F1 RZ. Pokus je postavljen na dva različita međuredna razmaka od 100cm i 120cm te razmak u redu je bio 35cm. Temeljem jednogodišnjeg istraživanja može se zaključiti da sa smanjenjem gustoće sklopa dolazi do povećanja prinosa kod kultivara Touareg RZ F1. Kultivar Touareg prikladan je za rjeđu sadnju u kojoj dolazi do smanjenja netržišnih plodova, te povećanja mase pojedinog ploda., This paper examines the influence of different clusters on the components of cucumber yields at OPG Šimić Ilija in 2017. All agrotechnical procedures have been carried out in accordance with the rules of the profession and in a timely fashion. The cucumber salad was bred in a 1000m2 plank. Hybrid seed Touareg F1 RZ was used. The experiment was set on two different spacing of 100cm and 120cm and the spacing was 35cm. Based on a one-year study, it can be concluded that decreasing the density of the assembly yield increases in Touareg RZ F1 cultivars. Cultivar Touareg is suitable for less planted crops, with decreases in non-market fruits and increasing the mass of a single crop.

Osnovni cilj ovoga rada je bila analiza prizvodnje kukruza na OPG- u Kate Nemet u razdoblju od pet godina (2012. - 2016.) te utvrditi utjecaj vremeskih prilika i primijenjene tehnologije uzgoja na prinose zrna kukuruza i ostale pokazatelje kvalitete zrna (hektolitarska masa, vlaga zrna i primjese). U promatranom razdoblju zasijani su sljedeći hibridi: Pioneer, Poljoprivredni institut Osijek, KWS, Syngenta i Dekalb. Najzastupljeniji hibrid na oranicama bio je Pioneer s ukupnom proizvodnjom na 52 ha. U promatranom razdoblju vremenske prilike su bile različite, svaka istraţena godina je bila toplija u odnosu na višegodišnji prosjek, ali s različitim rasporedom oborina. Tijekom 2012. godine zabilježene su iznimno male količine oborina u vegetacijskom razdoblju kukuruza te znatno više temperature u odnosu na višegodišnji prosjek. Najbolji raspored i količina oborina bili su 2016. godine kada je i na OPG- u Kate Nemet ostvaren najveći prinos. U istraţivanom razdoblju postignuti su visoki prinosi, te je prosječni prinos na OPG- u iznosio 9,7 t/ha. Najniži prinos zrna kukuruza ostvaren je 2012. godine (7,33 t/ha) što je uvijetovano višom tempetaturom zraka te lošim rasporedom i manjom količinom oborina, naročito u vrijeme nalijevanja i formiranja zrna kukuruza. Najveći prinos kukuruza ostvaren je 2016. godine (13,39 t/ha), poglavito zbog boljih vremenskih prilika, ali i kvalitetnije gnojidbe u odnosu na prethodne godine. Hektolitarska masa zrna kukuruza kretala se od 69,9 kg/hl (2012.godine) do 79,1 kg/hl (2016. godine) i bila je u optimalnim granicma prihvatljivvosti za kukuruz. Primjese su iznosile u prosjeku oko 5,5 % što je u optimalnim granicama prihvatljivosti, Main goal of this paper was to analyse maize production on Family farm Kate Nemet in a five-year period (2012 – 2016) and to establish the impact of weather conditions and applied growth technologies on maize yield, as well as to determine other indicators of grain quality (hectolitre weight, grain moisture and additives). The following hybrids were planted during the observed period: Pioneer, Agricultural Institute Osijek, KWS, Syngenta and Dekalb. Pioneer was the most represented hybrid on arable land with 52 ha of total production. During the observed period, weather conditions were diverse. Every observed year was warmer in relation to the multi-annual average, but with different rainfall distribution. In 2012, the recorded amount of rainfall during maize growing season was exceptionally low, and the average temperatures were significantly higher than the multi-annual average. The most optimal amount and distribution of rainfall was recorded in 2016 when maize yield on Family farm Kate Nemet was also the highest. High maize yields were achieved during the observed period and the average yield on the family farm was 9,7 t/ha. The lowest maize yield was achieved in 2012 (7,33 t/ha), which was caused by higher air temperature and a low amount and poor distribution of rainfall, particularly during the filling and forming of maize kernels. The highest maize yield was achieved in 2016 (13,39 t/ha), primarily due to better weather conditions, but also because of higher quality fertilization in regard to previous years. Hectolitre weight ranged between 69,9 kg/hl (in 2012) and 79,1 kg/hl (in 2016) and was within optimal acceptability limits for maize.

U ovom radu ispitivan je utjecaj vremenskih prilika na urod zrna suncokreta na OPG - u Mihaljević Ljubica kroz 2014. i 2015. godinu. Agrotehnički zahvati obavljani su u skladu sa pravilima struke te pravovremeno tijekom obje godine. Opisani su kroz sve etape obavljanja. U radu su korišteni podaci Državnog hidrometeorološkog zavoda o vremenskim prilikama za meteorološku postaju Gradište u 2014. i 2015. godini. Prosječni prinos 2014. godine bio je ~ 3.5 t/ha, dok je u 2015. bio ~ 4.25 t/ha. Može se zaključiti da su na prinos zrna najveći utjecaj imale vremenske prilike koje su bile dijametralno suprotne tijekom ove dvije godine, This paper analyses the effect of weather conditions on sunflower grain yield on family farm Mihaljević Ljubica during 2014 and 2015. During both years agrotechnical operations were conducted in accordance with profession rules and well timed. The paper used dana of Meteorological and Hydrological service about weather conditions during 2014 and 2015 for weather station Gradište. Average yield during 2014 was~3.5 t/ha, while during 2015 was~4.25 t/ha. It can be concluded that the grain yield had the greatest influence weather conditions that were diametrically opposed during these two years

U ovom radu ispitivana je tehnologija uzgoja zobi na OPG-u „Suzana Jagnjić u 2016. godini. Agrotehnički zahvati na OPG-u obavljani su u skladu s pravilima struke tijekom cjelogodišnjeg uzgoja ozime i jare zobi. Usjev zobi s obzirom na količinu vlage bio je dobro razvijen te zadovoljavajućeg sklopa. U radu su korišteni podatci Državnog hidrometeorološkog zavoda o vremenskim prilikama za meteorološku postaju Virovitica u 2016. godini. Godina 2016. bila j toplija u odnosu na višegodišnji prosjek za 0,65 °C dok je količina oborina u 2016.godini bila veća za 68,4 mm. Prinosi koji su ostvareni na ozimoj i jaroj zobi tijekom 2016. godine iznose 4,5 t/ha i zadovoljavajući su s obzirom na nepovoljne vremenske prilike u 2016. godini., This paper investigates the technology of oat cultivation at the family farm “Suzana Jagnjić“ in 2016. Agrotehnical interventions at the family farm were conducted in accordance with vocational norms during a year-round cultivation of winter and spring oat. The oat, due to the amount of moisture, was well-developed and satisfying circuit. The paper uses data from Meteorological and Hydrological Service regarding weather conditions for Virovitica weather station in 2016. The year of 2016 was warmer than the multi-year average of 0,65° C, while the precipitation rate in 2016 was higher by 68,4 mm. The winter oat and spring oat yield produced during 2016 amounts to 4.5 t/ha and is satisfactory considering weather conditions in the same year.

Borovnica (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) pripada voćnoj vrsti čiji je intenzivni uzgoj započeo dosta kasno, odnosno nema veliku tradiciju uzgoja u našem podneblju. Jedan od ograničavajućih faktora intenzivnog uzgoja borovnice su neadekvatni agroekološki uvjeti na mnogim lokalitetima u Hrvatskoj. Hrvatska proizvodnja borovnica je skromna, ali je sve češće nalazimo u investicijama IPARD-a i EAFRD fondova za ruralni razvoj. Cilj ovoga rada je prvenstveno zamišljen poput objedinjenja više relevantnih stručnih izvora na ovu temu. Strukturiran je na način da ukaţe na vaţne agrotehničke operacije potrebne za pravilno podizanje i njegu suvremenog nasada borovnice, te na taj način smanji stupanj rizika, vremena i količinu početnih sredstava budućih potencijalnih proizvoĎača borovnice. Pomoću odabranih metoda paţljivo su analizirani i opisani svi koraci i detalji početnih baznih agrotehničkih zahvata, kako bi ovaj rad dao što pregledniju, opravdaniju i realniju sliku u suvremenom uzgoju borovnice. Zadnjih godina borovnica je dobila svoj zasluţeni medijski prostor, a mišljenja smo da se to trebalo i ranije dogoditi. I sam kao mladi poljoprivrednik, odnosno budući proizvoĎač borovnice tijekom izrade ovog završnog rada shvatio sam kako suvremeni uzgoj borovnice bez poznavanja i poštivanja osnovnih preduvjeta u uzgoju iste neće rezultirati uspjehom., Blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) belongs to the fruit sort whoes intense cultivation started really late, or better to say it doesn't have big cultivation tradition in our area. One of the limited factors of intense cultivation of bluberries is inadequate agri-environmental conditions at most of the Croatian region. Croatian's production of bluberries is modest, but we can often find it in the investments of the IPARD and EAFRD fonds for the rural developnent. Primary goal of this study is to reflect and bring together many relevant professional sources about this topic. This study is structed on the way to indicate the importance of agro-technical operations which are necessary for a right lifting and care of a contemporary plantation of blueberries. On that way it can decrease a degree of risk, time and the amount of the initial funds for the future potential producers of blueberries. By using the selected methods all the steps and details about the initial basic agrotechnological procedure are carefully analyzed, so that this study can show the most real, justify and cleaner picture in contemporary cultivation of blueberries. In the last few years bluberry has recieved its deserved media part, and we think that should happen even earlier. As a young agriculturist and future producer of blueberries, while I was doing this work I realized how the contemporary cultivation of blueberries will not be successful without respect and knowledge of a basic preconditions.

U ovom radu ispitivan je utjecaj vremenskih prilika na urod zrna soje na OPG-u „Miličić Ilija“ tijekom 2014. i 2015. godine. Agrotehnika proizvodnje provedena je pravilno i pravovremeno, te je opisana kroz sve etape, od osnovne obrade do žetve. U radu su korišteni podaci Državnog hidrometeorološkog zavoda o vremenskim prilikama za meteorološku postaju Gradište u 2014. i 2015. godini. Prosječni ostvareni prinos u 2014. godini je bio 2,5 t/ha, a u 2015. godini 2,1 t/ha. Na osnovi provedenog istraživanja, možemo zaključiti da je količina oborina u 2014. godini bila glavni razlog ostvarivanja većeg prinosa soje nego li u narednoj godini, u kojoj je pored manjka oborina u kritičnim fazama razvoja, i temperatura bila iznad prosjeka, In this paper, the effects of weather on soya beans crop on the family farm “Miličić Ilija” was observed. The reference period includes years 2014 and 2015. The agrotechnics of production was carried out properly and in a timely manner. It is described through all its stages, from primary processing to harvest. National Hydrometeorological Department weather data for meteorological station Gradište in years 2014 and 2015 was used in this paper. Average yearly yield for 2014 was 2,5 t/ha, while for the year 2015 it was 2,1 t/ha. On the basis of this research, we can conclude that rainfall in 2014 was the main reason for achieving higher yield than in the following year, which, besides the lack of rainfall, also had above the average temperatures in critical periods of growth

В данной работе представлены результаты многолетних исследований по интродукции шалфея мускатного и механизмам адаптации растения к новым условиям роста и развития. The results of the perennial studies on introduction of Sage clary and mechanisms of the plant adjustment to new conditions of the growtth and development are represented in this work.

This bachelor thesis is a literature review, examinig the effect of agricultural and nutritional measures on soil biological activity. Bachelor thesis is systematically divided into several parts. At the beginning of the thesis are included important dates regarding soil organic matter and edaphon. Another part of the work has been to study effects of fertilization and liming on soil biological activity. Furthermore, there are studies on the impact of agro-technical measures and the impact of the application of pesticides. The paper also lists methods of research soil biological activity.

U 2013. godini pregledalo se tlo na OPG-u Kesegić. Pregled se obavljao na prisustvo žičnjaka, grčica običnog hrušta, repinog buhača i repine pipe. Brojnost štetnika koja se utvrdila za žičnjake iznosila je 0,4 žičnjaka po m², a grčice običnog hrušta nisu utvrđene. Brojnost štetnika koja se utvrdila za repinu pipu iznosila je 0,1 pipu po m². Prilikom pregleda tla nije utvrđena prisutnost sovica. Tijekom vegetacije pratila se pojava bolesti i štetnika vizulnim pregledom biljaka. Prilikom pregleda utvrdilo se prisustvo repine pipe s prosječno 0,1 pipom po m² i repinog buhača gdje je utvrđena prosječno 1 grizotina po biljci u stadiju razvoja pravog lišća. Utvrđena brojnost štetnika nije prelazila pragove štetnosti i nije bilo nužno tretirati. Tijekom lipnja uočili smo simptome Cercospore beticole na više od 5 % biljka. Prvo tretiranje izvršeno je 26.06.2014. sa pripavakom Amistar Extra. Prvo tretiranje sa preparatom Amistar extra nije se pokazalo uspješno te su obavljena još dva tretiranja u terminima 19.07.2014. i 13.08.2014. Nakon provedena sva tri tretmana bolest se uspješno suzbila., The soil at the family farm Kesegić was analyzed in 2013. The soil was examined for the presence of wireworms, cockchafers, pyrethrum and sugar beet weevil. The number of pests found for wireworms was 0.4 wireworms per square meter while the presence of cockchafers was not determined. The number of pests found for sugar beet weevil was 0.1 per square meter. The soil did not contain moths during the examination. The appearance of diseases and pests was monitored during the growing season by visual review of the plants. The examination determined the presence of sugar beet weevil with an average 0.1 per square meter and presence of pyrethrum with an average of 1 bite per plant in the development stage of real leaves. Determined number of pests did not exceed the threshold and it was not necessary to treat them. During the examination in June we have also noticed the symptoms of Cercospora beticola in more than 5% of the plants. The first treatment was conducted on June 26, 2014., with usage of Amistar Extra preparation. The first treatment with Amistar Extra preparation did not prove to be successful and additional two treatments were conducted on July 19 and August 13, 2014. After all three treatments the disease was successfully suppressed

The aim of this dissertation is to verify the influence of certain agrotechnical procedures during the growing of selected annual and perrenial plants for use as energy sources. The chosen annual plant was maize (Zea mays L.) and the observed perrenial plant was (Miscanthus x giganteus). The literary overview is aimed at agrotechnical requirements, range of uses and the economic aspects of growing the chosen energy crops. The productive potencial of the chosen plants was then assessed on the basis of the individual agrotechnical procedures. The purpose of growing the plants was the creation of phytomass to be used as a raw material in biogas stations. Field tests were carried out for each plant, and the chosen agrotechnical procedures were then judged on the basis of the tests.

This bachelor thesis deals with the cultivation and use of maize (Zea mays) in the Czech Republic over the past 24 years. The work is written like a literature review. The maize is irreplaceable crop in human nutrition and it is widely used for feeding, industrial use and for energy purposes. Thanks to wide range of hybrids the maize is grown in different climates, with the specific goal of growing and high yield potential. Maize is widely grown crop in our country. There have been changes in the cultivation and use of maize from 1990 to 2013. Thanks to these changes, the Czech Republic became an exporter of maize grain. From the collected data and information, it can be stated that sowing areas are growing. This fact contributed to the construction of agricultural biogas plants, because the maize is the major substrate. Agrotechnics of maize is continually developing and its changes lead to reduction in soil erosion and to higher returns. Other changes that have occurred in agrotechnics, sowing areas, yields and the reasons for those changes are solved in this work.

This bachelor thesis deals with the cultivation of fiber plants in the Czech Republic, which are closely linked to the cultural history of mankind and agriculture. They are widely used in the textile and automotive, construction, food or cosmetics. Their main advantage is absolutely clean and waste-free use. As a result of the reduction of subsidies and import of cheap, mostly Asian, textiles there is a decrease in sown areas and declining production of flax and hemp. Growing these plants in the Czech Republic declined to the point of loss.

In the history of mankind is linseed and flaxseed recognized as one of the oldest crops. Its beneficial effects and wide range of usage is already known by the ancient Egyptians. In 650 B.C. Hippocrates used flaxseed in treatments. Flaxseed is a blue flowering crop grown primarily in cooler regions of the world. Usefulness lies in the flax stem and seed production. The aim of my bachelor thesis was to develop a literary research on the technology of the cultivation of flax and its food and non-food uses. In their bachelor's thesis I present the history of flax, the botanical characteristics and morphology of the plants, the demands on the environment, varieties, pest control and weed control, protection against diseases, agrotechnice and fertilization. In addition, I here how to harvest and post-harvest techniques, water, the quality of the product and also the food and non-food uses.

This bachelor thesis is focused on growing of sugar beet and also on its use in food and other industry. The first part, general one, describes the origin of the sugar beet, botany, agro technology, fertilization, creating of the growth, regulation of diseases and pests, regulation of weed infestation, gathering of a crop and its storage. This part also includes information about chemical technological composition of the plant tuber, and there is also considered its sale in the market and its use in the food or other industry. The final section of the paper summarizes basic data about sugar beet.

This bachelor theses deals with the cultivation of cereals in the Czech Republic for the last 22 years. Cereals are still among the important crops of our country. From 1990 to 2012 there were changes in the cultivation and use of the 1st cereal group. The changes that have occurred in agricultural technology, in the use of varieties, sown areas and yields and the reasons for those changes addressed in this work.

This thesis deals with comparing the suitability of growing grass for energy use over the energy use of the residual agricultural biomass. The thesis includes characterization, agrotechnics, cultivation, harvesting and yield of each crop species and their comparison is shown in several graphic examples. According to the information gathered, maize and sorghum are the most suitable for the production of biogas, especially due to the amount of ?green mass? produced. The most useful for burning is Miscanthus, which is distinguished for its high dry mass yield, immunity to weeds, and the highest heating value and energy yield.

These days, wild pig, or wild boar, causes considerable damage in the Czech Republic, but also in other countries of almost the whole of Europe. The thesis describes the issues of damage done by the wild pig and the protective measures against this damage. The basis of the thesis was to measure the areas of damaged vegetation of unbearded and bearded varieties of wheat. Damaged areas on individual fields of both varieties were then compared with each other and evaluated. The choice of a variety, as an agro-technological measure against damage done by wild pigs, showed to be very effective. The damages that the wild pig did in unbearded varieties were not done in bearded ones.

Zbog povećanog razvitka rezistentnosti štetnika na sintetičke pesticide i strože zakonodavstvo u pogledu očuvanja okoliša zanimanje za prirodne insekticide posljednjih godina u svijetu sve više raste Piretrini, ekonomski najvažniji prirodni insekticidi dobivaju se iz cvjetnih glavica dalmatinskog buhača (Tanacetum cinerariifolium /Trevir./ Sch. Bip.). Dalmatinski je buhač višegodišnja zeljanica koja u R. Hrvatskoj raste samoniklo. Prašak pripremljen od suhih cvjetnih glavnica dalmatinskog buhača se stoljećima koristio u tradicijskim poljoprivrednim sustavima u R. Hrvatskoj. No, danas se dalmatinski buhač uglavnom uzgaja na višim nadmorskim visinama u tropskim zemljama kao što su Kenija, Tanzanija i Ruanda. Sustavna znanstvena istraživanja dalmatinskog buhača su nedavno započeta u okviru projekta „Hrvatska banka biljnih gena HBBG“. Svrha je istraživanja prikupiti lokalne populacije i introducirati novokreirane kultivare dalmatinskog buhača, opisati ih i procijeniti njihova agronomska svojstva, te ih dokumentirati. U radu je dan pregled povijesti uzgoja, sistematike, botanike, agrotehnike i prerade dalmatinskog buhača., Due to an increased resistance of pests to synthetic pesticides and stricter environmental legislation intrest in natural insecticides has been expanding continuously in recent years. Pyrethrins, the economically most important of natural insecticides are derived from flower heads of Dalmatian pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium /Trevir./ Sch. Bip.). Dalmatian pyrethrum is a perennial herb native to Croatia. lts powder prepared form the dried flower heads has been used as natural insecticide for centuries in traditional Croatian farming systems. Nowadays, Dalmatian pyrethrum is cultivated mainly at higher altitudes in tropical countries such as Kenya, Tanzania and Rwanda. A systematic scientific research concerning Dalmatian pyrethrum has been started recently in the framework of the scientific project named "Croatian Bank of Plant Genes HBBG". The aim of the project is collection of local populations, introduction of newly developed cultivars, characterization, evaluation and documentation. The paper reviews the history, systematics, botany, agrotechnics, and processing of dalmatian pyrethrum.