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Helicobacter pylori is a potential underlying cause of many diseases. Although the Carbon 13 breath test is considered the gold standard for detection, it is high cost and low public accessibility in certain areas limit its widespread use. In this study, we sought to use machine learning and deep learning algorithm models to classify and diagnose H. pylori infection status. We used hyperspectral imaging system to gather gastric juice images and then retrieved spectral feature information between 400 and 1000 nm. Two different data processing methods were employed, resulting in the establishment of one‐dimensional (1D) and two‐dimensional (2D) datasets. In the binary classification task, the random forest model achieved a prediction accuracy of 83.27% when learning features from 1D data, with a specificity of 84.56% and a sensitivity of 92.31%. In the ternary classification task, the ResNet model learned from 2D data and achieved a classification accuracy of 91.48%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

0D, 1 D and 2 D nano lanthanum borates were prepared by changing the reaction conditions of the hydrothermal method. The effect of reaction time, pH value, temperature, and reactant molar ratio on the shapes and sizes were investigated. The as-obtained nano lanthanum borates were demonstrated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), FT-IR and water contact angle test. The dispersion stability was then evaluated by a spectrophotometry. Moreover, the tribological properties of the prepared 0 D, 1 D and 2 D nano lanthanum borates as lubricating additives in rapeseed oil were investigated on a four-ball tribo-tester. Furthermore, the contact model and underlying lubricating mechanisms were proposed based on the results of surface analysis. The results indicated that nano lanthanum borates with different shapes and sizes could be obtained by regulating the reaction conditions of a hydrothermal method. Ethanol rapid evaporation ultrasonic dispersion method and stearic acid surface modification could improve the dispersion stability of nano lanthanum borates in rapeseed oil. In addition, the as-obtained 0 D, 1 D and 2 D nano lanthanum borates could significantly facilitate the anti-wear and friction-reducing properties of rapeseed oil, especially for 2 D nanoflakes. The enhanced lubricating performance of 2 D lanthanum borate nanoflakes might be attributed to the combined action of relatively lower loads under planar contact forms, thicker and stronger adsorption film generated by plate-like additives, and the enhanced activity of boron atoms and the increased boron-permeation amount on the friction surface to form tribochemical films containing Fe2O3, B2O3 and La2O3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The lack of effective countertraction to expose the submucosal layer contributes to the technical complication and adverse events in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel endoscopic robot (flexible auxiliary single‐arm transluminal endoscopic robot [FASTER]) for ESD learning for novices. Methods: This was a prospective, cross‐over designed pilot study in ex vivo porcine stomach. Four ESD novices were randomized to either FASTER‐assisted ESD first (FC) group or a conventional ESD first (CF) group, performed 40 gastric ESDs using each technique, then crossed over to another technique. The performance and learning curve were compared between the two groups. Results: In the first phase, novices in the FC group demonstrated significantly better performance with shorter procedure time (25.6 ± 7.8 vs. 38.9 ± 13.4 min; P < 0.001) and submucosal dissection time (13.9 ± 5.5 vs. 23.1 ± 11.0 min; P < 0.001), higher direct‐vision dissection ratio (84.0 ± 7.9% vs. 43.5 ± 20.7%; P < 0.001), and lower muscular injury (2.5 vs. 40.0%; P < 0.001) and task load (4 vs. 5; P < 0.001). Fewer ESDs were required to gain early proficiency in the FC group. When crossed to the second phase, procedure time in the FC group was prolonged but the muscular injury rate did not increase significantly. In total, endoscopists in the FC group tended to have a lower task load (4 vs. 5; P = 0.008) and less muscular injury (10.0 vs. 21.3%; P = 0.05). Conclusion: Flexible auxiliary single‐arm transluminal endoscopic robot‐assisted learning reduces the technical difficulty of ESD for novices and the safety profile can sustain in following conventional ESD. These results indicated that FASTER has potential implications for ESD training in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intra‐family transmission is an important Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection route. Family‐based screening and treatment of H. pylori is a promising strategy. However, limited data are available on patient compliance with post‐screening recommendations for such a strategy. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study of families from six regions in Shandong, China, from July 2021 to February 2022 was conducted. Demographic characteristics, prior testing, and treatment for H. pylori, prior gastroscopy, symptoms, and family history were collected. Infection status of participants was determined using the 13C‐urea breath test. Infected participants were recommended to undergo eradication treatment, confirmation testing, and gastroscopy per expert consensus. Participants were monitored for 6 months to record recommendation compliance in a real‐world setting. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors influencing compliance with the recommendations. Results: The study included 1173 individuals from 386 families with the overall infection rate of 36.7%. The recommendation compliance for eradication treatment, confirmation testing, and gastroscopy was 69.3% (271/391), 32.5% (88/271), and 6.1% (19/309), respectively. Factors that increased the risk of lower compliance were male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.917, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.233–2.981), and living in a non‐urban area (OR, 1.954, 95% CI, 1.241–3.074), for treatment recommendations; having more than one infected family member (OR, 2.138, 95% CI, 1.237–3.698), and a lower family income (¥100,000–¥300,000 per year, OR, 7.247, 95% CI, 1.788–29.363; or <¥100,000 per year, OR, 7.294, 95% CI, 1.832–29.042), for confirmation testing recommendations; and being asymptomatic (OR, 3.009, 95% CI, 1.105–8.196), for gastroscopy recommendations. Conclusions: Post‐screening recommendation compliance for this family‐based H. pylori screening and treatment program was unsatisfactory. Further studies focusing on pre‐screening education are warranted to improve compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]