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D phase emulsification method was applied to prepare nano-emulsions in the Span 80-Tween 80/glycerin/water/mineral oil system. The phase behavior of this system during the entire emulsification process and the stability of the prepared emulsions were investigated by means of a pseudo-ternary phase experimental design. A possible emulsification mechanism was preliminarily proposed on the basis of our experimental results. It was found that the special self-assembled structure of the D phase and its capability for oil phase were the crucial factors in the D phase emulsification. Firstly, the surfactant alignment of the D phase was beneficial to the formation of small oil droplets in the O/D phase. Then, a quick movement of the surfactants toward the oil-water interface was critical for preparing nano-emulsions. Furthermore, the stability of the nano-emulsions during storage (30 days) was predominantly related to the addition amount of surfactants. The higher the content of surfactant in the system, the more stable the nano-particle interface film was formed. The stable interface film avoids the aggregation of the particles due to the thermal motion of the molecules, and the nano-particles could remain stable during storage.

As a cationic non-viral gene delivery vector, poly(agmatine/ N, N'-cystamine-bis-acrylamide) (AGM-CBA) showed significantly higher plasmid DNA (pDNA) transfection ability than polyethylenimine (PEI) in NIH/3T3 cells. The transfection expression of AGM-CBA/pDNA polyplexes was found to have a non-linear relationship with AGM-CBA/pDNA weight ratios. To further investigate the mechanism involved in the transfection process of poly(AGM-CBA), we used pGL3-control luciferase reporter gene (pLUC) as a reporter pDNA in this study. The distribution of pLUC in NIH/3T3 cells and nuclei after AGM-CBA/pLUC and PEI/pLUC transfection were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. The intracellular trafficking of the polyplexes was evaluated by cellular uptake and nuclei delivery of pLUC, and the intracellular availability was evaluated by the ratio of transfection expression to the numbers of pLUC delivered in nuclei. It was found that pLUC intracellular trafficking did not have any correlation with the transfection expression, while an excellent correlation was found between the nuclei pLUC availability and transfection expression. These results suggested that the intracellular availability of pLUC in nuclei was the rate-limiting step for pLUC transfection expression. Further optimization of the non-viral gene delivery system can be focused on the improvement of gene intracellular availability.

Large- and extra-large-pore zeolites have potential use in catalytic conversions of large molecules and thus attracted great attention in the fields of materials chemistry, catalysis and industry. In this study, a large-pore germanosilicate zeolite ITQ-26 with intersecting 12 × 12 × 12 pores was prepared by using an easily-obtained organic cation 1,2-dimethyl-3-(2-fluorobenzyl)-imidazolium or 1-methyl-3-(2-fluorobenzyl)-imidazolium as a structure-directing agent (SDA). The prepared ITQ-26 was characterized by means of synchrotron radiation, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, liquid and solid 13C/19F/29Si MAS NMR, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and N2 sorption analyses. Compared to those prepared by using phosphonium cations as SDAs, ITQ-26 prepared in this work has a larger Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and pore volume. The germanium in ITQ-26 could be partially substituted by silicon during the post-synthetic modification treatment. Furthermore, it is shown that, like several recently-reported large- and extra-large-pore zeolites such as NUD-1, NUD-2, ITQ-37, ITQ-29, etc., the organic cations in the synthetic gel likely self-assemble into supramolecules, which act as structure-direction agents in the formation of ITQ-26. This work not only provides a facile method to prepare ITQ-26, but also demonstrates a potentially general, and useful approach to prepare new large and extra-large pore zeolites.

Financial markets are vital to the capitalist economies and often volatile and hard to predict. This work compares the performance of different time–series models in predicting close price movement for 30 listed stocks from the Dow Johns Industrial Average (DIJA). The mechanisms of autoregressive moving average (ARIMA), artificial neural network (ANN), recurrent neural network (RNN), and long short–term memory (LSTM) are briefly explained in the essay. Comparison results suggest that LSTM and sequence to sequence (Seq2Seq) model with attention estimates fit the price movement pattern well with relatively low latency. Built upon LSTM, Seq2Seq models exhibit good performance in forecasting. The vanilla Seq2Seq model is compared with Seq2Seq with attention in forecasting price several days in the future. Seq2Seq with attention outperforms other models and is capable of generating sequential predictions.

Background Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common tumor of the urinary system. Nowadays, Immunotherapy is a hot topic in the treatment of solid tumors, especially for those tumors with pre-activated immune state. Methods In this study, we downloaded genomic and clinical data of RCC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Four immune-related genetic signatures were used to predict the prognosis of RCC by Cox regression analysis. We selected the most relevant genes from each signature to construct a prognostic risk model to predict prognosis via Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis. And subgroups of the TCGA samples and external data from International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database were used to verify predictive stability of the model. We performed landscape analysis to assess the difference of gene mutant based on the data from TCGA. Finally, we explored the correlation between the selected genes and the level of tumor immune infiltration via Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) platform. Results We found that the four prognostic risk models constructed by the signatures all could divide the RCC samples into high- and low-risk groups with significantly different prognosis, especially in advanced RCC. And the prognostic risk model was constructed by 8 candidate genes (HLA-B, HLA-A, HLA-DRA, IDO1, TAGAP, CIITA, PRF1 and CD8B) which divided the advanced RCC samples from TCGA database into high-risk and low-risk groups. And there was a significant difference in overall survival (OS) between the two groups. The validity of the model was verified by independent data from ICGC database. And the classification efficiency of the model was stable for the samples from different subgroups. landscape analysis showed that mutation ratios of some genes were different between two risk groups. In addition, the expression levels of the selected genes were significantly correlated with the infiltration degree of immune cells in the advanced RCC. Conclusions Sum up, eight immune-related genes were screened in our study to construct prognostic risk model with great predictive value for the prognosis of advanced RCC, and the genes were associated with infiltrating immune cells in tumors which have potential to conduct personalized treatment for advanced RCC.

IDM-1 is a new silica zeolite with an ordered and well-defined framework constructed by alternating pentasil layers and interrupted layers, giving rise to an intersecting system of straight medium pores and undulating extra-large lobed pores. This unique structure was solved by rotation electron diffraction and refined against synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data. Despite the presence of both Si(OSi)3(OH) and Si(OSi)2(OH)2 sites, this new zeolite presents high thermal stability, withstanding calcination even to 1000ºC. The location of defects at specific sites of the structure results in alternating hydrophobic SiO2 and hydrophilic SiO(2-x)(OH)2x intracrystalline regions. This peculiar combination of intersecting medium and extra-large pores and alternating regions of different chemical character may provide this zeolite with unique catalytic properties.

Extra-large-pore zeolites for processing large molecules have long been sought after by both the academia and industry. However, the synthesis of these materials, particularly extra-large-pore pure silica zeolites, remains a big challenge. Herein we report the synthesis of a new extra-large-pore silica zeolite, designated NUD-6, by using an easily synthesized aromatic organic cation as structure-directing agent. NUD-6 possesses an intersecting 16×8×8-membered ring pore channel system constructed by four-connected (Q4 ) and unusual three-connected (Q3 ) silicon species. The organic cations in NUD-6 can be removed in nitric acid to yield a porous material with high surface area and pore volume. The synthesis of NUD-6 presents a feasible means to prepare extra-large pore silica zeolites by using assembled aromatic organic cations as structure-directing agents.

A short imidazolium based dication, with only three methylene units in the space linker, selectively directs the crystallization towards zeolite HPM-12 (*UOE) as long as there is enough germanium present in the synthesis gel. The integrity of the dication is proved by dissolution of the zeolite and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, where significant effects of organic concentration and presence and concentration of HF need to be taken into account. In the as-made HPM-12 zeolite, a large shift of 9 ppm of one resonance in the 13C MAS NMR is due to the particular conformation of the dication imposed by confinement in the zeolite framework, as found by DFT calculations. The structure-directing ability of this kind of dications with varying length of the linker suggests that matching of the distance between positive charges (imidazolium moieties) and negative charges (double four rings in which fluoride resides) plays a crucial role during crystallization.

The development of inorganic frameworks with extra-large pores (larger than 12-membered rings) has attracted considerable attention because of their potential applications in catalysis, the separation of large molecules, and so forth. We herein report the synthesis of the new extra-large-pore zeolite NUD-2 by using the supramolecular self-assembly of simple aromatic organic cations as structure-directing agents (SDAs). NUD-2 is a high-silicon-content germanosilicate with interconnecting 14×10-membered-ring channels. The SDAs in NUD-2 can be removed by calcination in air at 550 °C to yield permanent pores with a BET surface area of 500 m(2) g(-1) . Both germanium and organic cations in NUD-2 can also be removed by treatment with acid at lower temperature, thus not only affording recycling of germanium and SDAs, but also providing a highly stable siliceous zeolite. In addition, aluminum ions can be incorporated into the framework of NUD-2. The NUD-2 structure is yet another extra-large-pore zeolite synthesized by using the supramolecular self-assembling templating approach, thus demonstrating that this approach is a general and applicable strategy for synthesis of new large- and extra-large-pore zeolites.

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2% to 3% of all human malignancies and is the 9th most common malignancy in Western countries. Due to the development of surgical procedures and the use of novel drugs, survival has been significantly prolonged. However, current challenges include how to diagnose RCC earlier and how to overcome drug resistance. Methods: We explored the relationship between the transcription level of IFI16 and clinical data in RCC through various online databases, including ONCOMINE, GEPIA, HPA, Timer and COEXPEDIA. Results: In comparison with corresponding normal tissues, IFI16 mRNA expression levels were higher in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP) tissues. In KIRC, the higher expression of IFI16 was associated with lower overall survival (P = .037). In KIRP, the higher expression IFI16 was associated with lower disease-free survival and overall survival (P = .037 and P = .011). In contrast, the IFI16 expression was negatively correlated with tumor purity in kidney chromophobe, KIRC and KIRP (all P

A suitable battery model plays an important role in assisting accurate state estimation for power battery used in electric vehicles. This paper compares the applications of four commonly used machine learning methods (decision tree, k-nearest neighbour, support vector machine and neural network) in lithium-ion battery modeling. The adaptability on working condition, temperature and degradation of above four modeling methods are analysed in detail. Results show that neural network performs best when working condition changes. All the models basically have the same performance on adaptability to temperature. The battery dynamic characteristics change significantly in the aging process and it is necessary to include battery test data under different degradation levels into training sets as to obtain a model that can predict the voltage response accurately in various aging states.

Two axles four wheel drive electric vehicle is an important development tendency of electric vehicle. However, how to coordinate the torque distribution between front and rear axles thus ensuring vehicle stability while maximizing motor’s efficiency still confronts great challenges. In this paper, we propose a three-layer hierarchical control method, which not only incorporates prior engineering knowledge into the control policy so as to relieve computational burden for real-time usage, but also properly deals with the priority between safety and system efficiency. Simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results show that the derived control policy can ensure high system efficiency when safety is guarenteed. Simultaneously, it can actively decrease the motor torque to improve vehicle stability when wheel slip occurs.

[EN] A short imidazolium based dication, with only three methylene units in the spacer linker, selectively directs the crystallization of zeolite HPM-12 (?UOE) as long as there is enough germanium present in the synthesis gel. The integrity of the dication is proved by dissolution of the zeolite and H and C NMR spectroscopy, where significant effects of organic dication concentration and the presence and concentration of HF need to be taken into account. For the as-made HPM-12 zeolite, a large shift of 9 ppm of one resonance in the C MAS NMR spectrum is due to the particular conformation of the dication imposed by confinement in the zeolite framework, as found by DFT calculations. The structure-directing ability of this kind of dication with varying length of the linker suggests that matching of the distance between positive charges (imidazolium moieties) and negative charges (double four rings in which fluoride resides) plays a crucial role during crystallization., The authors acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación and the EU's Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional under projects MAT2016-77496-R (AEI/FEDER, UE) and MAT2015-71117-R (MINECO/FEDER, UE). We acknowledge the support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI). P.L. is grateful to the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for a fellowship and to the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics for permission to leave. Centro Técnico Informático-CSIC is acknowledged for running the calculations and Biovia for providing the computational software. We also thank L. A. Villaescusa for helpful comments.

In Gas-Insulated Substation (GIS), the Transient Enclosure Voltage (TEV) would threaten the reliability of secondary devices. Studying the propagation law of TEV can provide reference for suppression method of TEV. In this paper, field measurement and theoretical simulation were taken to study the TEV of a 330kV GIS. At first, the TEV caused by operation of disconnecting switch was measured and analyzed. Then, this paper built a simulating model based on electrical main connection to obtain the TEV under the maximum residual voltage. Finally, a method was proposed to reduce the TEV. The simulation results showed that reducing the grounding inductance can reduce the TEV effectively. The study shows that: (1) The maximum voltage of TEV can reach to 4.9kV, the transient time is among 100ms to 160ms, and the main frequency ranged from 11MHz to 35MHz. the maximum value of TEV does not always appear at the enclosure under out-line bushing in an operation, which is related to the TEV propagation path. (2) The TEV generated by the disconnecting switch near out-line bushing is much more serious than the TEV generated near the bus. The TEV generated during opening operation is more serious than the TEV generated during closing. (3) Reducing the equivalent inductance of grounding can reduce the value of TEV. When the equivalent inductance decrease 40%, the maximum voltage can be reduced by 21%. So reducing the equivalent inductance may be a possible effective way to reduce the value of TEV.

In air-insulated substations, the electromagnetic interference due to the disconnecting switch action is very strong, the most serious of which is the operation of the no-load bus. Electronic instrument transformers are widely used in existing substations, electromagnetic interference will affect its normal operation, and cause the protection device to malfunction. The operation shows that the failure rate of the electronic instrument transformer is very high, which indicates that there are deficiencies in the electromagnetic compatibility monitoring and evaluation prescribed by the existing national standards, and therefore it is necessary to improve. It is difficult to establish a test platform for disconnecting switch operation in actual operation. Therefore, this paper proposes a simulated interference source system of the disconnecting switch, which is exactly in line with the electromagnetic environment produced by the actual disconnecting switch and has various advantages. It is to test the electronic mutual inductance. The electromagnetic compatibility of the device lays the foundation for the research on the standardized test method for the immunity of the electronic instrument transformer.

In this paper, the AC and DC test platforms are set up to study the change regularity of MOA characteristic parameters with various factors and typical faults by online and offline detection methods. The sensitivity and uniqueness of the characteristic parameters are summarized and analyzed to determine the state of MOA or varistors. The test results show that the resistive fundamental current is the most sensitive to the environment temperature and it increases about 2.27 times when the temperature changes from 20 C to 80 C. The resistive fundamental current is also the most sensitive to the change of MOA surface state and it increases about 1.52 times when the equivalent salt deposit density of surface is 0.06mg/cm2, but the DC leakage current is also very sensitive and it increases to 72.0μA. The characteristic parameters change a little after the deterioration test of MOA. The DC reference voltage is the most sensitive to the overvoltage deterioration of MOA and it decreases 6.4% when part of MOA is in the state of severe deterioration. Based on the test results, a qualitative state detection method is put forward.

Synthesis of new zeolites involving organic molecules relies heavily on the trial-and-error approach, because it is difficult to interpret the determining effects of organics on zeolite crystal symmetry. Here, the intrinsic relationships among the space-filling of organics, included volume of channels, and zeolite crystal symmetry, are systematically demonstrated by experimental and computational means. Under controlled conditions, the "dimer" and "monomer" organics of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium selectively direct different, but related, germanosilicates, the ECNU-16 with a new topology and the existing IM-16 with the UOS topology, respectively. The comprehensive computational study reveals that the zeolite phase selectivity is determined by the unique space-filling behavior of the "dimer" and "monomer" organics, which is closely correlated to their rotation freedom, as well as the included volume of host zeolite channels. The elucidation of this crucial space-filling effect from the fundamental viewpoint will provide new guidelines for the rational design and synthesis of new zeolites in future.

The chiral germanosilicate zeolite ITQ-37 was prepared using a readily-obtained, semi-rigid achiral organic structure-directing agent (SDA) 1,1′,1′′-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(methylene)tris-(3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) (denoted tmbi). The synthetic factors, including crystallization temperature, water content, germanium and tmbi concentrations for the crystallization of ITQ-37, were studied by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, liquid and 13C/19F/29Si solid NMR and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results showed that high Ge content, high tmbi concentration and low temperature (150 °C) conditions favor the formation of extra-large pore ITQ-37 when supramolecular interactions between tmbi molecules occur. On the other hand, a much diluted tmbi solution and a higher reaction temperature favor the crystallization of an unknown lamellar phase, wherein tmbi is present as monomers. These studies revealed that supramolecular assemblies of tmbi were formed during the zeolite synthesis and acted as SDAs for crystallization of ITQ-37, providing a general and applicable strategy for synthesizing large and extra-large pore zeolites.

In this paper, we study a wireless-powered two-way relay system, in which both wireless-powered sources exchange information through a multi-antenna relay. Both sources are assumed to have no embedded energy supply and thus first need to harvest energy from the radio frequency signals broadcasted by the relay before exchanging their information via the relay. We aim to maximize the sum throughput of both sources by jointly optimizing the time switching duration, the energy beamforming vector and the precoding matrix at the relay. The formulated problem is non-convex and hard to solve in its original form. Motivated by this, we simplify the problem by reducing the number of variables and by decomposing the precoding matrix into a transmit vector and a receive vector. We then propose bisection search, 1-D search and iterative algorithms to optimize each variable. Numerical results show that our proposed scheme can achieve higher throughput than the conventional scheme without optimization on beamforming vector and precoding matrix at the relay.

Extra-large-pore zeolites are a class of important porous materials that have great potential in industrial applications as catalysts, adsorbents, etc. Organic structure directing agents (OSDAs) play a key role in the synthesis of extra-large pore zeolites. In this paper, we designed a cheap, easily available, aromatic OSDA to prepare an extra-large-pore zeolite (named as NUD-5) by using a supramolecular assembly templating (SAT) approach. NUD-5 has a zeolite framework with one-dimensional 14-member-ring pore channels, which is identical to UTD-1. The OSDA in NUD-5 can be completely removed by calcination and Al can also be directly incorporated into the NUD-5 framework during the synthesis, showing advantages over UTD-1. Al-NUD-5 possesses strong acidity and displayed good catalytic performance in the alkylation of benzene with methanol. Structural analysis of NUD-5 revealed that one-dimensional supramolecular assembles of OSDAs acted as a template for the formation of NUD-5, implying the SAT approach is a powerful preparative method to extra-large-pore zeolites.

The recent advance in radio frequency (RF) energy transfer has enabled wireless-powered communication (WPC), where wireless devices are powered by dedicated wireless energy transmitters. In this paper, we study a WPC scenario consisting of one access point (AP) and one user. The user is assumed to have no embedded energy supply and need to harvest energy from RF signals broadcast by the AP. Different from the exiting works that focused on the design of WPC with one-way information flow, we deal with a general scenario that the AP and user need to exchange information with each other. Considering that the AP and user can work in either half-duplex or full-duplex mode as well as two practical receiver architectures at the user side, we propose five elementary communication protocols for the considered system. Moreover, we define the concept of throughput region to characterize the tradeoff between the uplink and downlink throughput in all proposed protocols. Numerical simulations are finally performed to compare the throughput regions of the proposed five elementary protocols.