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The control system of an open-type headbox has a high complexity, which is associated with the need not only to stabilize the parameters of the object, but also to carry out coordinated control of it in the case of automatic transfer of a paper machine from one type of product to another for a minimum time. A mathematical model of an open-type headbox as an object of mass level control has been developed. In the model, the output variable of the control object is the level of mass in the injection chamber, and the control action is the mass flow rate supplied to the injection chamber. The model takes into account the disturbing action - the area of the discharge slot. On the basis of the developed model, two options for constructing an algorithm for controlling the pressure box during its transfer from one mode to another are considered. The structure of the algorithm for coordinated control of the pressure box is developed. An illustrative example of application of the developed algorithm is given. The calculations of the optimal transient process in the object confirm the effectiveness of the developed control algorithm. The algorithm of coordinated control is applied to the standard pressure box YANO-180. The development of the algorithm for transferring the pressure box from the working (0.485 m) to the maximum (0.575 m) height of the mass level in the pressure box for 180 seconds is demonstrated. The calculation results show that the coordinated control algorithm provides the transfer of the mass level to the maximum height for a given time. The algorithm developed on the basis of the obtained mathematical model allows to control the level of mass in such a complex object as an open-type headbox when transferring a paper machine from one mode of operation to another for the time specified by the coordinated control system.

International audience; Codoped (Tb,Eu) ZnO films grown by magnetron sputtering on a silicon substrate and annealed up to 1200 °C showed intense photoluminescence (PL) emission from Eu3+ ions. The high-temperature annealing led to diffusion and segregation of rare earth (RE) elements toward the bottom of the film, which induced the formation of nanometric Zn-free inclusions responsible for remarkable PL emission intensity. Combined electron diffraction, chemical contrast imaging, and optical studies of these nanometric phases have been carried out. Large inclusions of zinc silicates and RE silicates a few hundreds of nanometers in size were observed, embedded in a silica phase. The structural determination of these RE-rich inclusions was carried out by combining atomic Z contrast imaging (high-angle annular dark-field imaging) and precession electron diffraction data. Upon annealing at 1200 °C, it appeared that the structure was related to an F-type disilicate structure. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy experiments were carried out to determine the ratios between elements and the oxidation states of the RE elements in the abovementioned inclusions. A (Tb,Eu)2Si2O7 formulation is proposed from dynamical precession electron diffraction tomography refinements, leading to a +III valence state for the RE species in agreement with spectroscopic results. PL modeling is also in good agreement with the experimental data. These results complete those obtained at 1100 °C for which the inclusions were identified as some RE10–x(SiO4)6O2–x oxyapatite structures and pointed out a combined structural and PL properties’ evolution between 1100 and 1200 °C annealing temperatures.

The status of Lake Baikal as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, due to its unique ecology and value as a global aquatic resource have resulted in strict environmental regulations to protect the watershed and biota it supports. Despite this, the ecosystem of the lake is being exposed to negative anthropogenic impact and deteriorating water quality. In this article, we describe the bioecological state of Mukhor Bay − the warmest bay of Lake Baikal and one which is actively visited by tourists. We try to highlight the environmental problems of Baikal and aim to change attitudes towards water resources in this unique ecosystem. We present data on the taxonomic, genetic, and biochemical characteristics of cyanobacteria blooms that develop in the plankton of the bay. Further, we establishing their risk to human health and provide information for the environmental state management. Toxic blooms of Dolichospermum lemmermannii (cyanobacteria) were detected in the phytoplankton of Mukhor Bay. The nutrients content and chlorophyll concentration was low and corresponded to the oligo-mesotrophic status. Microcystins were detected in the dried phytoplankton biomass and the water, coastal samples contained a higher amount of this toxin. We hypothesize that one of the factors contributing to toxic cyanobacteria growth in the Mukhor Bay is the nutrient loadings due to surface and groundwater runoff from surrounding area.

The paper presents the result of assessing the antiradical status of consumers (in the context of Russia) in connection with their well-being. This approach is based on a multistage study, in which the results of sociological surveys were applied, as well as estimates of the antiradical potential (ARP) of diets obtained using neural networks, bootstrapping the chemical composition of diets, and calculating reference values using mathematical models. The paper presents data collected from residents living in the territories of at least 21 regions and cities of Russia: Magadan, Saint Petersburg, Moscow, Krasnodar, Lipetsk, Vladivostok, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Voronezh, etc. A total of 1001 people were interviewed, which, according to our calculations, gives a margin of error in value of approximately 3.1%. To calculate the lack of vitamins in the diets of residents of the Russian Federation, data on the chemical composition of food products from the FNDDS database were used. The assessment of dietary habits showed a lack of vitamins below the recommended level in 73% of Russians for vitamin D, 59% for retinol, 38% for β-carotenes, 13% for vitamin E, and 6% for ascorbic acid. The study showed that at least 36% of the Russian population has a low antiradical status, while it was found that “poor” consumers are more likely to consume economically more expensive foods (in terms of their nutritional value). The “poor” segments of the population consume 180–305% more canned food and 38–68% more sweet carbonated drinks than other social groups, but their consumption of vegetables is 23–48% lower. On the contrary, “wealthy” consumers consume 17–25% more complex (varied) dishes, 10–68% more fresh vegetables, and 8–39% more fish. From the obtained values it follows that consumers with low levels of ARP in their diets are in a group with an increased probability of a number of “excess” diseases (diseases of the cardiovascular system, obesity, etc.). In general, the ARP values of food consumed for low-income segments of the population were 2.3 times lower (the ratio was calculated as the percentage of consumers below the level of 11,067 equivalents necessary for the disposal of free radicals generated in the human body per day) than for those who can afford expensive food (consumers with high income). A simple increase in consumption of unbalanced foods, in our opinion, will only contribute to the entry of these consumers into the “average diet trap”. All this makes it imperative to develop comprehensive measures to create a new concept of public catering; otherwise, we can expect a reduction in both the health of the population and the performance of the economy of the whole country.

Ця стаття присвячена забезпеченню доступним житлом як важливому фактору управління охороною здоров’я, інклюзивного зростання та ЦСР. Мета – емпірично обґрунтувати зміни системи охорони здоров’я населення країни в залежності від рівня забезпеченості доступним житлом. Емпірична база включає часові ряди та панельні дані для 27 країн ЄС протягом 2011–2019 років. Завдяки кореляційному аналізу (тестування Шапіро-Вілка, кореляція Спірмена чи Пірсона, часові лаги), регресійному аналізу, побудові динамічної моделі оцінки панельних даних та за допомогою тестування Саргана в STATA дослідження емпірично підтвердило та формалізувало вплив фінансування доступного житла на зміни в системі охорони здоров'я населення країни. Зокрема, дослідження виявило залежність між рівнем перенаселеності та часткою власників житла з іпотекою (зменшення рівня перенаселеності в середньому на 0,61% з часовим лагом у 2 роки за рахунок зростання на 1%); частка орендарів на пільгових/безкоштовних умовах (0,41% з часовим лагом 3 роки); та частка державних витрат на розвиток ЖКГ (0,25% з часовим лагом 3 роки). Також виявлено прямий зв'язок між перенаселеністю та смертністю від небезпечних захворювань (туберкульоз, СНІД, вірусні гепатити, розлади психіки та поведінки, цукровий діабет, пневмонія). Найменш ефективними виявилися державні витрати на житло за програмами соціального захисту (субсидії тощо). Перевагу слід віддавати розвитку доступного іпотечного кредитування (швидше та з більшим ефектом). Загалом це впливає на державні управлінські рішення в системі охорони здоров'я, соціальній та житлово-комунальній сферах. Статья посвящена обеспечению доступного жилья как важному фактору управления общественным здравоохранением, инклюзивного роста и ЦУР. Цель – эмпирически обосновать изменения в системе охраны здоровья населения страны в зависимости от уровня обеспеченности доступным жильем. Эмпирическая база включает временные ряды и панельные данные по 27 странам ЕС за 2011–2019 гг. Благодаря корреляционному анализу (тестирование Шапиро-Уилка, корреляция Спирмена или Пирсона, лаги во времени), регрессионному анализу и построению динамической модели панельной оценки с тестированием Саргана в STATA, исследование эмпирически подтвердило и формализовало влияние финансирования доступного жилья на изменения в системе здравоохранения населения страны. В частности, выявлена зависимость между уровнем перенаселения и долей собственников жилья с ипотекой (снижение уровня перенаселенности в среднем на 0,61% с временным лагом 2 года за счет увеличения на 1%); доля арендаторов на льготных/бесплатных условиях (0,41% с временным лагом 3 года); доля государственных расходов на жилищное строительство (0,25% с временным лагом 3 года). Выявлена также прямая связь между перенаселенностью и смертностью от опасных заболеваний (туберкулез, СПИД, вирусные гепатиты, психические и поведенческие расстройства, сахарный диабет, пневмония). Наименее эффективными оказались государственные расходы на жилье в рамках программ социальной защиты (субсидии и т.п.). Предпочтение следует отдать развитию доступного ипотечного кредитования (быстрее и больший эффект). В целом это влияет на решения государственного управления в системе здравоохранения, социальной и жилищной сферах. This paper is devoted to providing affordable housing as a significant factor in public health management, inclusive growth, and SDG. The purpose is to empirically prove changes in the system of country’s population health care depending on the level of providing affordable housing. The empirical base includes time series and panel data for 27 EU countries during 2011–2019. Due to correlation analysis (Shapiro-Wilk testing, Spearman or Pearson correlation, lags in time), regression analysis, and building a dynamic panel estimation model with Sargan testing in STATA, the study empirically confirmed and formalized the impact of affordable housing funding on changes in the system of country’s population health care. In particular, the study found the dependence between overcrowding level and the share of homeowners with mortgages (a decrease of overcrowding level by an average of 0.61% with a time lag of 2 years due to an increase by 1%); the share of tenants on concessional terms/free (0.41% with a time lag of 3 years); and the share of public spending on housing development (0.25% with a time lag of 3 years). The direct relationship between the overcrowding and mortality from dangerous diseases (tuberculosis, AIDS, viral hepatitis, mental and behavioral disorders, diabetes, pneumonia) was also revealed. Public spending on housing under social protection programs (subsidies, etc.) proved to be the least effective. Preference should be given to the development of affordable mortgage lending (faster and greater effect). Generally, it impacts public management decisions in the health care system, social, and housing spheres. The study was funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and performed the results of the project “Economic and mathematical modeling and forecasting, development of methodological and methodological foundations for creating a roadmap for reforming the health care system in Ukraine, taking into account behavioral, social, economic and legal determinants” (Agreement БФ / 24-2021). This study received funding under the research subsidy of the Department of Applied Social Sciences of the Faculty of Organization and Management of the Silesian University of Technology for the year 2022 (13/020/BK_22/0072).

The present research is focused on various pine ecotypes’ seed reproduction in the chalky substrate, challenging environmental conditions on the carbonate soils on chalk outcrops in the south of the Central Russian Upland in relation to pine woods re-afforestation. The winter and spring sowing methods were studied, along with a pre-seeding treatment, by biopreparations based on a consortium of Glomales fungi, bacteria of the genus Bacillus, and bioactive substances. The seeds of two pine ecotypes, Pinus sylvestris L.; Pinus sylvestris var. cretacea Kalenicz exKom, underwent treatment. The study revealed that biopreparations and bioactive substances promote higher pine seed germination rates and ensure the stability and survivability of seedlings in an environment that is unfavorable for plant and tree ontogenesis. Applying biopreparations proved effective during spring sowing, whereas, in the case of winter sowing, their positive impact was not statistically significant. The net effect size of the three organized factors studied in the experiment (pine ecotype, biopreparation, sowing term) (h2x) on the “survivability of P. sylvestris seedlings” effective feature significantly increased from 90.8 to 93.8%. The effect size of the “pine ecotype” factor on seedling survivability in P. sylvestris was at its highest (14.4%) during the seedlings’ first-year growth period. The effect size of the “sowing term” factor was at its highest (79.4%) at the stage of seed germination. The effect size of the “biopreparation” factor was at its highest (44.0%) during the seedlings’ second-year growth stage. Our results indicate that it is preferable to create forest plantations on chalk outcrops using Pinus sylvestris var. cretacea ecotypes and with pre-sowing seed treatment via biopreparations based on a microorganismal consortium and Biogor KM. The Spearman correlation between the nitrification capacity of soil substrate and seedling survivability during the first three growth periods (from planting till the next year’s springtime) was of a moderate size (rs = 0.617–0.673, p < 0.05). To improve the growth and productivity of young and mature Scots pine stands, a Biogeosystem Technique (BGT*) methodology was developed.

The pricing policy of the fuel and energy market is constantly growing. The urgency of research is to adjust the optimization of fuel consumption in the glass furnace to obtain the maximum economic effect of production. Using the developed mathematical model of the glass furnace, the analysis was carried out: temperature modes of the furnace, temperature fields of glass and masonry. The temperature distribution in the sections of the glass furnace is performed by means of simulation modeling. The object of research consists of glass mass, gas space, masonry and divided into conditional sections (zones), according to the installation of temperature measuring instruments. In cross sections, the main ones are those that correspond to the position of the burners. In sections on the layers of glass mass, the starting point of the measurement is the surface of the glass mass, and the final bottom of the furnace. The longitudinal sections show the melting behavior of the charge pieces to the state of homogeneity - the transition of glass mass from the loading point of the charge to full melting. The dynamics of glass mass temperature change in the depth of the glass mass layer is the heating curve, the lower the layer considered - the lower the temperature due to the distance from the burners, but within one layer the temperature increases the closer the section to the point. Glass furnace refers to reversible - switching burners to the left or right group. Accordingly, the reverse switching takes place according to a given algorithm, which consists in adjusting the operating time of the group of burners depending on the temperature of the glass mass. The temperature distribution in the glass mass according to the temperature field at a depth of 0.1 m from the upper level of the glass mass is lower by 5-6% from the data of technological regulations. To do this, increased fuel consumption on the burners of the left group, made it possible to optimize fuel consumption. The study of the temperature field of the vault masonry made it possible to avoid problems with overheating and possible collapse of the masonry. Heating of the masonry within the permissible limits from a temperature of 10000C at the edges of the vault and 13800C in the central zone. The cross-section shows the loading channel of the charge, which borders the gas space, so the charge at the entrance to the cooking zone of the furnace receives additional heating and reduces fuel consumption in the first zone for heating the charge. The temperature distribution in the surface layer of the glass mass contains inhomogeneity in the first zone, to achieve uniformity increases fuel consumption on the first pair of burners, which optimizes the consumption of other pairs of burners and prevents excessive gas consumption. The overlap of two thirds of the corresponding plane when leaving the burner of the first section is increased from the required by 5%. In the second section, due to underheating of the selected plane, the value of fuel consumption increased by 12%. The temperature distribution is the lowest in the loading zone, the highest - after the third zone to the fifth (in the cave point). If the composition of the charge is changed (the action of uncontrolled perturbation), and the gas flow through the burners remains unchanged, it is impossible to achieve the value of temperature fields in accordance with the technological regulations. A scientific novelty is the study of cross-sections of glass mass in different planes, made it possible to analyze the temperature fields of glass mass at points where it is technologically impossible to organize measurements.

The production of carbon products is largely resource- and energy-intensive. That is why increasing the efficiency of this production is an urgent scientific and practical task, especially in modern conditions of constant growth of energy costs. An effective way to solve this problem is to create a modern process control system, taking into account the possible failures of system elements. The practice of operating hydraulic presses in carbon graphite production, the control valve of the hydraulic press sometimes fails or works with errors. That is why this paper considers the stage of loading the process of forming carbon products in terms of building a fault-tolerant pressing speed control system. The article investigates the fault-tolerant control system of carbon products, which is synthesized on the basis of traditional fault-tolerant systems for non-cyclic processes and control systems with iterative learning, which have demonstrated their effectiveness in control technological processes of cyclical nature. A method using linear matrix inequalities has been developed for optimal adjustment of control system parameters. Based on the combination of control with iterative learning and control that takes into account the failures of regulators, built a control system for the formation of carbon products, which takes into account both the cyclical nature of the technological process and possible failures of regulators. The research of the effectiveness of the control system by comparing its work with traditional fault-tolerant systems and control systems with iterative learning in the event of faults and disturbances of various kinds showed that the proposed system improves control quality not only over time during each cycle, but also from cycle to cycle. Further research should be aimed at the practical application of the proposed control system for different technological processes in different types of failures of regulatory bodies and the action of disturbances of different nature.