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Herein, we tested the hypothesis low molecular weight hyaluronan (LMW-HA) inhibits lung epithelial ion transport in-vivo, ex-vivo, and in-vitro by activating the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). Intranasal instillation of LMW-HA (150μg/ml) to C57BL/6 mice inhibited their alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) by 75%, increased the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) thickness threefold, and lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio by 20% 24hrs later. Incubation of lung slices from mouse and human lungs with 150μg/ml LMW-HA decreased the open probability (Po) of ENaC in ATII cell by more than 50% in 4hrs, inhibited amiloride sensitive short circuit current (SCC) 4hrs post exposure, and Cl−current through CFTR by more than 70%, and Na,K-ATPase current by 66% at 24hrs. In all cases the inhibitory effect of LMW-HA on lung epithelial ion transport in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro preparations were reversed by the administration of 1μM of NPS2143, a CaSR inhibitor, or 150μg/ml HMW-HA. In HEK-293 cells co-transfected with CaSR and the calcium sensitive Cl−channel TMEM16-A, LMW-HA activated an inward Cl−current. These data are the first demonstration of the inhibitory effects of LMW-HA on lung epithelial ion and water transport, and are due to the activation of CaSR and its downstream signaling cascades.

Social workers in Wuhan, China were among the first to respond to the public health crisis caused by Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in early 2020. Social workers in Wuhan developed and implemented an effective interventional model integrating online and offline volunteers of multiple professions—the ‘4 + 1’ model—to support affected individuals in the process of battling the pandemic. Transformational social work leadership played a vital role in the widely adopted model in China, characterised by idealised influence—attributed (or charisma); idealised influence—behavioural; inspirational motivation; intellectual stimulation and individual consideration. Contextual performance is also discussed, followed by a discussion on why social work can play a leadership role in inter-disciplinary intervention in the pandemic crisis. The article concludes with the areas social workers can improve on for the betterment of leadership.

This essay provides a brief introduction of a social-worker-led interdisciplinary work model and its operating process which is inspired by the well-known Holistic Model of Spirituality. The Interdisciplinary Bridging Response Team(IBRTs) model was applied to communities, centralized isolation sites, and shelter hospitals in Wuhan. A survey of 316 clients after 53 days of service revealed that the mental and physical health of most clients improved. Moreover, compared to the early days of the pandemic, most clients’ social relationships were strengthened. Nevertheless, the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF scores show that this service was more effective for uninfected rather than infected people.

Diagnosing gastric cancer with a high accuracy helps in identifying at early stage and for a better treatment. A transcription factor, SRY-box containing gene-17 (SOX-17) shows a crucial role in the gastric cancer progression is desired as biomarker on a high-performance sensing platform, dimicroelectrodes Junction (DMEJ), constructed by the hybrid of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCN) and gold urchin (GU) surface to detect the specific SOX-17 target oligonucleotide. SWCN was modified on DMEJ and GU conjugated capture DNA was immobilized on SWCN through the electrostatic interaction of GU by (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. Morphological analyses by FESEM and FETEM revealed the attachment of GU on SWCN with a uniform fashion. SWCN-GU modified DMEJ has enhanced an ideal electric flow and reflecting the capture DNA attachment. Reached the limit of detection at 1 aM, calculated on a linear curve (atto- to femto-molar) with the regression coefficient of R2 = 0.9909[y = 1.1226x + 1.3727]. Further, specificity of SOX-17 was confirmed by interacting complementary, single- and five-mismatched sequences of the target. In addition, the target DNA solution mixed human serum and control sequences did not interfere with the specific duplex formation, indicating the non-biofouling on DMEJ surface. This SWCN-GU constructed DMEJ surface helps to identify lower expression of SOX-17 and diagnosing gastric cancer progression.

Tape casting was a new type of low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) forming process, the key to which was the formation of slurry. Suspensions consisting of boronsilicate glass/Al2O3 powders and organic solvent system were studied, in addition, the effect of solid content and mixing time on the property were also investigated. The results indicated that the optimized parameters of the slurry are 55 wt. % boronsilicate glass/Al2O3 composites powders, the three azeotropic solvents (Ethanol/ Dimethylbenzene/ Dimethylcarbinol=30 wt.%: 10 wt.%: 60 wt.%), 3.0 wt.% dispersant, the ratio of plasticizer to binder(R=0.65), and mixing time (20 hours). The green tape had smooth and homogeneous surfaces without cracks, and the sintered sample had a high relative density.

Summary Social workers in China have been involved significantly in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This article introduces the innovative interdisciplinary remote networking framework which both provides a guide for medical and community social workers’ involvement during the COVID-19 outbreaks, and also to support interdisciplinary collaboration with the aim of helping individuals and families in need during the pandemic. Findings The implementation of interdisciplinary remote networking, developed by Chinese social workers, has effectively addressed the different domains of need experienced by the affected population and has established a new approach for social work in the field of health. The framework also provides an effective model for setting up a targeted and sustained service system that links social workers with psychological and medical resources, which capitalize on social resources to buffer the negative impacts of the disease. Social workers play an essential role during such a public health emergency, providing critical services for patients and families, medical workers, self-quarantined residents, and the general population. Applications The service mode of interdisciplinary remote networking, based on the frontline experiences of social work interventions in China, may serve as a framework for combating COVID-19 in other countries. The framework is among the initiatives that provide transferrable skills to social work practitioners working in network-based social work services during public health emergencies. Thus, the framework presents implications for future practice development in both disaster social work and also public health social work.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a worldwide crisis. During the pandemic, social workers have proactively participated in providing support. The Good Companions Response Team is a volunteer team star...

Protein signaling complexes play important roles in prevention of several cancer types and can be used for development of targeted therapy. The roles of signaling complexes of phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B) and Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 (RAPGEF3), which are two important enzymes of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) metabolism, in cancer have not been fully explored. In the current study, a natural product Kaempferol-3-O-(3'',4''-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside designated as KOLR was extracted from Cinnamomum pauciflorum Nees leaves. KOLR exhibited higher cytotoxic effects against BxCP-3 pancreatic cancer cell line. In BxPC-3 cells, the KOLR could enhance the formation of RAPGEF 3/ PDE3B protein complex to inhibit the activation of Rap-1 and PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby promoting cell apoptosis and inhibiting cell metastasis. Mutation of RAPGEF3 G557A or low expression of PDE3B inactivated the binding action of KOLR resulting in KOLR resistance. The findings of this study show that PDE3B/RAPGEF3 complex is a potential therapeutic cancer target.

Wuhan was the first large city where the initial breakout of COVID-19 took numerous lives. A group of social workers and mental health specialists coordinated the “Be Together Program” (BTP), a psychosocial grief intervention program to help a group of Wuhan COVID-19 bereaved people. Under the Dual-process model framework, BTP used the internet and social media as the main tools, combined with group and individual intervention. Additionally, it employed a “Supermarket Mode” with abundant intervention themes and approaches for BTP participants to choose according to their special needs. Additionally, Chinese cultural elements are integrated into the program. At the end of the program, the grief scores of participants in the qualified sample reduced significantly, and the prevalence of the potential Prolonged Grief Disorder diagnosis reduced from 75% to 12%. The study also found that the BTP was especially effective for those who had high levels of grief reaction.

In this essay, we provide an overview of a social worker-led, interdisciplinary practice model designed to combine essential online psycho-social support and local community self-governance for COVID-19 patients with minor symptoms in quarantine field hospitals in the city of Wuhan from February to May 2020. The interdisciplinary bridging response teams (IBRTs) model was designed for congregating settings to bridge offline community mobilization and online interdisciplinary professional services. We discuss the two-tier structure and organization of the practice model, the professionals’ roles and main tasks, and the key features that ensured the success of the model.

User interest mining is widely used in the fields of personalized search and personalized recommendation. Traditional methods ignore the formation of user interest which is a process that evolves over time. This leads to the inability to accurately describe the distribution of user interest. In this paper, we propose the interest tracking model (ITM). To add the timing, ITM uses Dirichlet distribution and multinomial distribution to describe the evolutional process of interest topics and frequent patterns, which well adapts to the evolution of user interest hidden in short texts between different time slices. In addition, it is well known that user interest is composed of long-term interest and situational interest including short-term interest and social hot topics. State-of-the-art methods simply regard the users’ long-term interest as the users’ final interest, which makes those unable to completely describe the user interest distribution. To solve this problem, we propose the deformable interest model (DIM) which designs an objective function to combine users’ long-term interest and situational interest and more comprehensively and accurately mine user interest. Furthermore, we present the degree of deformation which measures the subinterest's degree of influence on final interest and propose in DIM the influence real-time update mechanism. The mechanism adaptively updates the degree of deformation through the linear iteration and reduces the degree of dependence of the interest model on training sets. We present results via a dataset consisting of Flickr users and their uploaded information in three months, a dataset consisting of Twitter users and their tweets in three months, and a dataset consisting of Instagram users and their uploaded information in three months, showing that the perplexity is reduced to 0.378, the average accuracy is increased to 94%, and the average NMI is increased to 0.20, which prove better interest prediction.

Mentor Mothers (MM) provide peer support to pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV (PPWH) and their infants with perinatal HIV exposure (IPE) throughout the cascade of prevention of vertical transmission (PVT) services. MM were implemented in Zambézia Province, Mozambique starting in August 2017. This evaluation aimed to determine the effect of MM on PVT outcomes.A retrospective interrupted time series analysis was done using routinely collected aggregate data from 85 public health facilities providing HIV services in nine districts of Zambézia. All PPWH (and their IPE) who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) from August 2016 through April 2019 were included. Outcomes included the proportion per month per district of: PPWH retained in care 12 months after ART initiation, PPWH with viral suppression and IPE with HIV DNA PCR test positivity by 9 months of age. The effect of MM on outcomes was assessed using logistic regression.The odds of 12-month retention increased 1.5% per month in the pre-MM period, compared to a monthly increase of 7.6% with-MM (35-61% pre-MM, 56-72% with-MM; p0.001). The odds of being virally suppressed decreased by 0.9% per month in the pre-MM period, compared to a monthly increase of 3.9% with-MM (49-85% pre-MM, 59-80% with-MM; p0.001). The odds of DNA PCR positivity by 9 months of age decreased 8.9% per month in the pre-MM period, compared to a monthly decrease of 0.4% with-MM (0-14% pre-MM, 4-10% with-MM; p0.001). The odds of DNA PCR uptake (the proportion of IPE who received DNA PCR testing) by 9 months of age were significantly higher in the with-MM period compared to the pre-MM period (48-100% pre-MM, 87-100% with-MM; p0.001).MM services were associated with improved retention in PVT services and higher viral suppression rates among PPWH. While there was ongoing but diminishing improvement in DNA PCR positivity rates among IPE following MM implementation, this might be explained by increased uptake of HIV testing among high-risk IPE who were previously not getting tested. Additional efforts are needed to further optimize PVT outcomes, and MM should be one part of a comprehensive strategy to address this critical need.

Common variants in theWe tested associations betweenAmong 648,593 veterans, mean (SD) age was 62 (14) years; 9% were female, 19% Black, and 8% Hispanic. In White patients, the rs4293393Robust associations were observed between

Background Protein signaling complexes play important roles in prevention of several cancer types and can be used for development of targeted therapy. The roles of signaling complexes of phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B) and Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 (RAPGEF3), which are two important enzymes of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) metabolism, in cancer have not been fully explored. Methods The natural product Kaempferol-3-O-(3′′,4′′-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside designated as KOLR was extracted from Cinnamomum pauciflorum Nees leaves using reverse phase chromatography, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The antitumor effect of KOLR was analyzed by multiple cell proliferation and metastasis experiments. The PDE3B/RAPGEF3 complex was found to be the target of KOLR through mRNA sequencing, Co-Immunoprecipitation assay, gene knock-down, gene mutation of drug-resistance cell line, and molecular docking. In vivo studies have shown that KOLR has the same antitumor mechanism. Results KOLR exhibited cytotoxic effects against selected cancer cells, except for AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer cell line. KOLR stabilized PDE3B/RAPGEF3 signaling complex thus inhibiting AKT phosphorylation and Rap-1 activation. Notably, mutation of RAPGEF3 G557A inhibited effect of KOLR on stabilizing PDE3B/RAPGEF3 complex in AsPC-1 cells. Furthermore, downregulation of PDE3B expression inhibited cytotoxic effect of KOLR on tumor cells. Downregulation of RAPGEF3 and Rap-1 expression promoted apoptosis of tumor cells and inhibited tumor metastasis. PDE3B inhibits activity of RAPGEF3 and activation of downstream signaling pathway. Conclusion The findings of this study show that KOLR could stabilize PDE3B/RAPGEF3 signaling complex to play an anti-tumor role and the PDE3B/RAPGEF3 complex is a potential therapeutic cancer target.

The rapid, accurate and noninvasive detection of biomass and plant cell browning can provide timely feedback on cell growth in plant cell culture. In this study, Siraitia grosvenorii suspension cells were taken as an example, a phenotype analysis platform was successfully developed to predict the biomass and the degree of cell browning based on the color changes of cells in computer-aided vision technology. First, a self-made laboratory system was established to obtain images. Then, matrices were prepared from digital images by a self-developed high-throughput image processing tool. Finally, classification models were used to judge different cell types, and then a semi-supervised classification to predict different degrees of cell browning. Meanwhile, regression models were developed to predict the plant cell mass. All models were verified with a good agreement by biological experiments. Therefore, this method can be applied for low-cost biomass estimation and browning degree quantification in plant cell culture.

Advocacy is one of the most important functions of nonprofit organizations. Since entering the era of Internet known as Web 2.0 that allows greater user interactivity and user-generated content, th...

The burning process and fire characteristics of typical transformer oils were investigated experimentally with a focus on the effects of transformer oil type. The experiments were conducted by using a cone calorimeter, and the conditions with five external radiative heat fluxes (ERHFs) were adopted. The results indicated that both the ERHF and oil type influenced the burning process and fire characteristics of transformer oil. The fire hazards of 10#, 25# and 45# transformer oils all increased with increasing ERHF. The flame became violent and spread to the outside of the fuel tray in the mid-late stage of burning duration when the ERHF was larger than 20 kW m−2. The mass loss rate, heat release rate (HRR) and CO and smoke production rates of the 10# and 25# transformer oils were similar, and the fire hazard of the 45# transformer oil, as indicated by the above parameters, was larger than those of the 10# and 25# transformer oils. The correlations used to predict the ignition time and peak HRR of the 10#, 25# and 45# transformer oils under different ERHFs were presented based on correlation analysis of the ERHF and cone calorimeter test data.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia that mainly affects the elderly. Several reports have demonstrated that aging is involved in the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of IPF. α-Klotho (KL) has been well characterized as an “age-suppressing” hormone and can provide protection against cellular senescence and oxidative stress. In this study, KL levels were assessed in human plasma and primary lung fibroblasts from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF-FB) and in lung tissue from mice exposed to bleomycin, which showed significant downregulation when compared with controls. Conversely, transgenic mice overexpressing KL were protected against bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Treatment of human lung fibroblasts with recombinant KL alone was not sufficient to inhibit transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced collagen deposition and inflammatory marker expression. Interestingly, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a proinflammatory circulating protein for which KL is a coreceptor, was upregulated in IPF and bleomycin lungs. To our surprise, FGF23 and KL coadministration led to a significant reduction in fibrosis and inflammation in IPF-FB; FGF23 administration alone or in combination with KL stimulated KL upregulation. We conclude that in IPF downregulation of KL may contribute to fibrosis and inflammation and FGF23 may act as a compensatory antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory mediator via inhibition of TGF-β signaling. Upon restoration of KL levels, the combination of FGF23 and KL leads to resolution of inflammation and fibrosis. Altogether, these data provide novel insight into the FGF23/KL axis and its antifibrotic/anti-inflammatory properties, which opens new avenues for potential therapies in aging-related diseases like IPF.

Data driven methods are playing an increasingly important role in transient stability assessment, primarily because of the availability of large annotated datasets. Nevertheless, training data cannot cover all the possible operating conditions of a modern power system with variable power generations and loads. The classifier should adjust to the near-future operation condition in limited time, and this adjustment may be hindered by the computational time of the simulations and classifier training. To dramatically reduce the computational cost, this paper presents a systematic approach for building and updating an accurate transient stability classifier. First, the time-series trajectories of generators after disturbance are used as the inputs, and then a convolutional neural network (CNN) ensemble method is proposed to generate the transient stability predictor using these multi-dimensional data. To reduce the misclassification of instability, different cost weights are considered for the stable and unstable instances in the loss function. When the operating condition changes substantially and makes the pre-trained classifier unavailable, the active learning and fine-tuning techniques are integrated to update the classifier with good performance using fewer labelled instances and short computational time. The simulation results of two power systems illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Operation state calculation (OSC) provides safe operating boundaries for power systems. The operators rely on the software-aid OSC results to dispatch the generators for grid control. Currently, the OSC workload has increased dramatically, as the power grid structure expands rapidly to mitigate renewable source integration. However, the OSC is processed with a lot of manual interventions in most dispatching centers, which makes the OSC error-prone and personnel-experience oriented. Therefore, it is crucial to upgrade the current OSC in an automatic mode for efficiency and quality improvements. An essential process in the OSC is the tie-line power (TP) adjustment. In this paper, a new TP adjustment method is proposed using an adaptive mapping strategy and a Markov Decision Process (MDP) formulation. Then, a model-free deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm is proposed to solve the formulated MDP and learn an optimal adjustment strategy. The improvement techniques of “stepwise training” and “prioritized target replay” are included to decompose the large-scale complex problems and improve the training efficiency. Finally, five experiments are conducted on the IEEE 39-bus system and an actual 2725-bus power grid of China for the effectiveness demonstration.

Recent generative adversarial network based methods have shown promising results for the charming but challenging task of synthesizing images from text descriptions. These approaches can generate images with general shape and color but often produce distorted global structures with unnatural local semantic details. It is due to ineffectiveness of convolutional neural networks in capturing the high-level semantic information for pixel-level image synthesis. In this paper, we propose a Dual Attentional Generative Adversarial Network (DualAttn-GAN) in which the dual attention modules are introduced to enhance local details and global structures by attending to related features from relevant words and different visual regions. As one of the dual modules, the textual attention module is designed to explore the fine-grained interaction between vision and language. On the other hand, visual attention module models internal representations of vision from channel and spatial axes, which can better capture the global structures. Meanwhile, we apply an attention embedding module to merge multi-path features. Furthermore, we present an inverted residual structure to boost representation power of CNNs and apply spectral normalization to stabilize GAN training. With extensive experimental validation on two benchmark datasets, our method significantly improves state-of-the-art models over the evaluation metrics of inception score and Fréchet inception distance.

The walking characteristics and collision avoidance strategies in bidirectional pedestrian flow with both individuals and groups under three different pedestrian densities were investigated experimentally in the present study. The results showed that pedestrians formed lanes in bidirectional flow, and the lane number basically increased with pedestrian density. In addition, the lane number was positively related to the number of groups in the first row of the two opposite crowds. Compared with the no-group experiments, the walking speed of pedestrians showed less difference in the experiments with groups. The fundamental diagram of the bidirectional pedestrian flow with groups under different pedestrian density conditions was calculated. Three types of collision avoidance strategies, detouring around conflicting pedestrians, passing through the conflicting group in the middle, and group splitting, were summarised based on the experimental results. The statistical results of the three collision avoidance strategies adopted by different size groups under the low, medium, and high pedestrian density conditions were obtained. It was found that the large group was more likely to split into subgroups when they encountered conflicting pedestrians, while the small group was more likely to detour around the conflicting pedestrians. For the same group size, the larger the pedestrian density, the higher the proportion of groups that would choose to split into subgroups during the collision avoidance process.

Mindfulness has been found to have many positive effects on life outcomes, including mental health and educational achievement. However, less is known about the antecedents of mindfulness, particularly in Chinese college students. This study examines the effect of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on mindfulness among Chinese college students in September 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized that ACEs negatively affected students' mindfulness. The data were collected from 1,871 college students from 12 colleges across China. The results aligned with our hypothesis that ACEs was negatively associated with mindfulness. In particular, emotional abuse and neglect in childhood appear to have the most negative effects on mindfulness compared to other dimensions of ACEs such as physical abuse and household challenges.

Global value chains have fundamentally transformed international trade and development in recent decades. We use matched firm-level customs and manufacturing survey data, together with Input-Output tables for China, to examine how Chinese firms position themselves in global production lines and how this evolves with productivity and performance over the firm lifecycle. We document a sharp rise in the upstreamness of imports, stable positioning of exports, and rapid expansion in production stages conducted in China over the 1992-2014 period, both in the aggregate and within firms over time. Firms span more stages as they grow more productive, bigger and more experienced. This is accompanied by a rise in input purchases, value added in production, and fixed cost levels and shares. It is also associated with higher profits though not with changing profit margins. We rationalize these patterns with a stylized model of the firm lifecycle with complementarity between the scale of production and the scope of stages performed.

With the continuous expansion of the scale of the power grid and the continuous increase in the proportion of new energy and power electronic equipment, higher requirements are placed on the basic data of the online security analysis of the power grid. This paper proposes a multi-source data integration system for large power grid operation. It studies the rapid interaction and intelligent integration of multi-source heterogeneous information such as offline and online models, breaking the technical application barriers of various types of data, and quickly generating real-time power grid model. The analysis model provides a reliable data basis for the online analysis of the power grid. Finally, based on the PSASP simulation software, the correctness and effectiveness of the multi-source data integration system of large power grid are verified.

Silkworm droppings are the product of mulberry leaves digested by silkworm intestines, which are an important medicinal resource in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The contents of total fat, fat acids, crude protein, amino acids, and secondary metabolites of obtained mulberry leaves and silkworm droppings were analyzed by HPLC, GC-MS, and UHPLC-Q-TOF MS. The target genes and enriched pathways related to significantly changed compositions between mulberry leaves and silkworm droppings were analyzed by network pharmacology. High unsaturated C18 : 3 fatty acids were transformed to low unsaturated C18 : 1 from mulberry leaves to silkworm droppings. Only lysine and 17 mini-peptides had significantly higher content in silkworm droppings than in mulberry leaves. There were 36 common target genes or the different compounds between mulberry leaves and silkworm droppings. The main pathways of mulberry leaf were enriched in antivirus and anticancer properties, while the pathways of silkworm droppings were enriched in hormone regulation and signal transduction.

Individuals that present with difficult-to-control asthma and sensitivity to one or more fungal species are categorized as a subset of severe asthma patients belonging to a group herein referred to as severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS). We have previously reported the identification of numerous cytokines and chemokines that were elevated in human asthmatics that were sensitized to fungi vs. nonfungal sensitized asthmatics. Here, we show that the unique chemokine CX3CL1 (fractalkine) is elevated in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum from human asthmatics sensitized to fungi, implicating an association with CX3CL1 in fungal asthma severity. In an experimental model of fungal-associated allergic airway inflammation, we demonstrate that the absence of CX3CR1 signaling unexpectedly resulted in a profound impairment in lung function. Histological assessment of lung tissue revealed an unrestricted inflammatory response that was subsequently characterized by enhanced levels of neutrophils, eosinophils, and inflammatory monocytes. Neutrophilic inflammation correlated with elevated IL-17A, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-1β), neutrophil survival factors (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor), and neutrophil-targeting chemokines (CCL3 and CCL4). Eosinophilia correlated with elevated type 2 responses (IL-5 and IL-13) whereas inflammatory monocyte levels correlated with elevated type 1 responses (IFN-γ and CXCL9) and survival factors (macrophage colony-stimulating factor). Despite enhanced inflammatory responses, the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10 and the natural inhibitor of IL-1 signaling, IL-1RA, were significantly elevated rather than impaired. Regulatory T-cell levels were unchanged, as were levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-35 and IL-38. Taken together, the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis preserves lung function during fungal-associated allergic airway inflammation through a nonclassical immunoregulatory mechanism.