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The strong bonding interactions between V and H lead to the decrease of the energy required for H2 desorption from MgH2 to 49.5 kJ mol−1, 10.9 kJ mol−1 lower than that of pristine MgH2.

Infrared (IR) land surface emissivity (LSE) plays an important role in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models through the satellite radiance assimilation. However, due to the large uncertainties in LSE over the desert, many land-surface sensitive channels of satellite IR sensors are not assimilated. This calls for further assessments of the quality of satellite-retrieved LSE in these desert regions. A set of LSE observations were made from field experiments conducted on 16–18 October 2013 along a south/north desert road in the Taklimakan Desert (TD), China. The observed LSEs (EOBS) are thus used in this study as the reference values to evaluate the quality of Combined ASTER MODIS Emissivity over Land (CAMEL) data. Analysis of these data shows four main results. First, the CAMEL datasets appear to sufficiently capture the spatial variations in LSE from the oasis to the hinterland of the TD (this is especially the case in the quartz reststrahlen band). From site 1 at the southern edge of the Taklimakan Desert to site 10 at the northern edge, the measured LSE and the corresponding CAMEL observation in the quartz reststrahlen band first decrease and reach their minimum around sites 4–6 in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert. Then, the LSE increases gradually and finally reaches its maximum at site 10, which has a clay ground surface, showing that the LSE is higher at the edges of the desert and lower in the center. Second, the CAMEL values at 11.3 μm have a zonal distribution characterized by a northeast–southwest strike, though such an artifact might have been introduced by ASTER LSE data during the merging process that created the CAMEL dataset. Third, the unrealistic variation of the original EOBS can be filtered out with useful signals, as identified by the first six principal components of the PCA conducted on the laboratory-measured hyperspectral emissivity spectra (ELAB). Fourth, the CAMEL results correlate well with the measured LSE at the 10 observation sites, with the observed LSE being slightly smaller than the CAMEL values in general.

Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in China and is also a major cause of cancer deaths worldwide, for which treatment strategies are extremely limited. Patients Susually lose the opportunity of therapeutic surgery because the lesions cannot be completely removed, although it can greatly prolong their survival time. Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2（HER-2）is the diagnostic criterion that determines whether patients can be the therapy with target in gastric cancer. However, the effect of targeted therapy on improving patient over survival (OS) is not significant. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) sintilimab has shown significant efficacy in the treatment of gastric cancer. Case presentation A 50-year-old man was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of GC with multiple lymph node metastases. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) shows retroperitoneal, ileocecal, ascending colon, pelvic peritoneum, and mesangial metastasis. Then, the patient underwent genetic testing.The results indicated that MSS, PD-L1 CPS = 2, HER-2(3+). Therefore, the first choice was chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy and targeted therapy. The regimen was chosen with sintilimab plus trastuzumab with chemotherapy SOX as first-line therapy for patients. After two cycles of treatment, the expression of CA199 was decreased, and lymph node metastases were smaller than before. The treatment was continued, and CT scans suggested complete response (CR) was achieved for both the lymph node metastases and gastric lesions after of 4 cycles treatment on 31 January 2023. Maintenance sintilimab plus trastuzumab was selected because of his stable CR status. During the treatment period, there was no occurrence of relatively serious adverse effects due to chemotherapy. ConclusionHER-2-positive GC of patients who receives target combined with immune therapy may be an efficient and safe decision-making therapeutic choice. The case provides a treatment regimen for patients with HER-2-positive, whether to choose combination therapy as a new treatment regimen. This is the first reported case of gastric cancer with multiple lymph node metastases with complete remission with sintilimab plus trastuzumab.

Biochar addition has been recommended as a potential strategy for mitigating climate change. However, the number of studies simultaneously investigating the effects of biochar addition on CO2, N2O and CH4 emissions and sequentially global warming potential (GWP) is limited, especially concerning its effect on native soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization. An incubation experiment was conducted to investigate soil physicochemical properties, CO2, N2O and CH4 emissions and GWP in the treatments with 0% (CK), 1% (BC1) and 4% (BC4) cornstalk biochar additions, and clarify the priming effect of biochar on native SOC mineralization by the 13C tracer technique. Generally, biochar addition increased soil pH, cation exchange capacity, SOC and total nitrogen, but decreased NH4+-N and NO3−-N. Compared with CK, BC1 and BC4 significantly reduced CO2 emissions by 20.7% and 28.0%, and reduced N2O emissions by 25.6% and 95.4%, respectively. However, BC1 significantly reduced CH4 emission by 43.6%, and BC4 increased CH4 emission by 19.3%. BC1 and BC4 significantly reduced the GWP by 20.8% and 29.3%, but there was no significant difference between them. Biochar addition had a negative priming effect on native SOC mineralization, which was the reason for the CO2 emission reduction. The negative priming effect of biochar was attributed to the physical protection of native SOC by promoting microaggregate formation and preferentially using soluble organic carbon in biochar. The N2O emission decrease was rooted in the reduction of nitrification and denitrification substrates by promoting the microbial assimilation of inorganic nitrogen. The inconsistency of CH4 emissions was attributed to the different relative contributions of CH4 production and oxidation under different biochar addition ratios. Our study suggests that 1% should be a more reasonable biochar addition ratio for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in sandy loam, and emphasizes that it is necessary to furtherly investigate nitrogen primary transformation rates and the relative contributions of CH4 production and oxidation by the 15N and 13C technique, which is helpful for comprehensively understanding the effect mechanisms of biochar addition on greenhouse gas emissions.

Emerging CO2 to SAF pathways facilitates diversification of fuel production with the potential for a near carbon neutral footprint.

For operational weather forecasting and nowcasting, a refresh rate (RR) of 10 min and a better-than-4-km footprint size for Infrared (IR) bands is desired. Such imaging capability is only available from geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites, such as ABI onboard geostationary operational environmental satellites (GOES)-16/-17, but mainly limited to the tropics and mid-latitudes (referred to as GEO-like imaging capability). For high latitudes such as the Alaskan region, the IR footprint size from ABI/GOES-17 is worse than 6 km, limiting the application over the region. Tundra satellites, with a nonzero inclination angle and a nonzero eccentricity, have longer dwell times near the apogee than the perigee and can be used to monitor the high latitudes and polar regions. This study investigates Tundra satellites’ imaging capability by assuming an ABI-like instrument with the same IR spatial resolution of $56~\mu $ rad onboard. For regional applications, a constellation of two Tundra satellites may provide GEO-like imaging capability for a large domain. This useful domain is further improved when combined with a GEO, i.e., two $Tundra + GOES-17$ . For global applications, a constellation of three Tundra satellites may provide GEO-like imaging capability for high latitudes (improved capability over GEO) and polar regions (unprecedented capability) in both hemispheres. The additional capability from Tundra satellites in tropics and mid-latitudes makes the global space-based meteorological observing system more robust and resilient. While a constellation of three $Tundra + 3$ GEOs may provide global GEO-like imaging capability, having more than three GEOs may be desired by agencies/countries, allowing for improved spatial resolutions over their sub-point locations.

Energy prediction for different cluster structures is the basis for finding and predicting the global optimal structure of clusters. The current methods for predicting the energy of the ground state structures of different clusters include theoretical prediction methods and optimized simplified potential energy function methods. The accuracy of the theoretical prediction method is high, but its calculation amount is too large. Therefore, this paper proposes a PSO-BP neural network three-dimensional cluster energy prediction model based on atomic coordinates, and uses different types of Euclidean distances between atoms as input variables, and the energy of clusters with different structures as output variables. Select gold cluster Au20 and boron cluster B45-part of the sample data as the training set to build the model, and predict the rest of the samples, and finally get: the prediction accuracy of the PSO-BP neural network model is higher than that of the traditional BP neural network model. The cluster energy prediction model is feasible.

High spectral resolution (or hyperspectral) infrared (IR) sounders onboard low earth orbiting satellites provide high vertical resolution atmospheric information for numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. In contrast, imagers on geostationary (GEO) satellites provide high temporal and spatial resolution which are important for monitoring the moisture associated with severe weather systems, such as rapidly developing local severe storms (LSS). A hyperspectral IR sounder onboard a geostationary satellite would provide four-dimensional atmospheric temperature, moisture, and wind profiles that have both high vertical resolution and high temporal/spatial resolutions. In this work, the added-value from a GEO-hyperspectral IR sounder is studied and discussed using a hybrid Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) method. A hybrid OSSE is distinctively different from the traditional OSSE in that, (a) only future sensors are simulated from the nature run and (b) the forecasts can be evaluated using real observations. This avoids simulating the complicated observation characteristics of the current systems (but not the new proposed system) and allows the impact to be assessed against real observations. The Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) full spectral resolution (FSR) is assumed to be onboard a GEO for the impact studies, and the GEO CrIS radiances are simulated from the ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) with the hyperspectral IR all-sky radiative transfer model (HIRTM). The simulated GEO CrIS radiances are validated and the hybrid OSSE system is verified before the impact assessment. Two LSS cases from 2018 and 2019 are selected to evaluate the value-added impacts from the GEO CrIS-FSR data. The impact studies show improved atmospheric temperature, moisture, and precipitation forecasts, along with some improvements in the wind forecasts. An added-value, consisting of an overall 5% Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) reduction, was found when a GEO CrIS-FSR is used in replacement of LEO ones indicating the potential for applications of data from a GEO hyperspectral IR sounder to improve local severe storm forecasts.

Background The application of esophagojejunostomy has certain difficulties in totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy (TLTG). This is due to the higher requirement for surgical techniques and the lack of any unified standards. This study aim to explore the practicability and safety of intracorporeal overlap and intracorporeal hand-sewn anastomosis compared with extracorporeal anastomosis. Methods The clinical pathological data of 56 patients who underwent TLTG from March 2016 to December 2020 in the Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. According to the method of anastomosis, the patients were divided into the overlap (n=36) and the hand-sewn anastomosis (n=20). Patients who receive laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy (LATG; n=74) formed the control group. The basic clinical data, and intraoperative and postoperative results of the patients were assessed. Results Compared with the control group, the overlap anastomosis and hand-sewn anastomosis groups showed no significant differences in clinicopathological data and short-term postoperative recovery. There were no significant differences between the overlap and the control group in operation time nor anastomosis time. However, the anastomosis time of the hand-sewn anastomosis group was significantly prolonged compared to the control group (53.20±14.14 vs. 43.01±12.53 minutes, P=0.002). Compared with the control group, the operation cost was significantly higher in the overlap group (CNY 81,300±6,100 vs. CNY 76,600±6,800, P=0.001), but significantly lower in the hand-sewn anastomosis group (CNY 71,900±1,700 vs. CNY 76,600±6,800, P=0.003). Early postoperative complications occurred in 5 cases (13.9%) in the overlap group, 3 cases (15.0%) in the hand-sewn anastomosis group, and 11 cases (14.9%) in the control group. There were 3 cases (8.3%) of postoperative anastomotic-related complications in the overlap group. No anastomotic-related complications were observed in the hand-sewn anastomosis group. Conclusions The overlap anastomosis and hand-sewn anastomosis are practical and safe. Furthermore, the overlap anastomosis may be more suitable for patients with lower cardia and fundic lesions. The hand-sewn method has a wider range of indications pending advanced surgical skills, and is an effective supplementary technique for instrument anastomosis.

Enabling fast charging capability of lithium-ion battery is of great importance to widespread adoption of electric vehicles. Increasing the charging rates from state-of-the-art 2C (30 min) to 6C (10 min) requires deep understanding on the cell aging mechanism. In this study, 400 mAh pouch cells are cycled at 1C, 4C and 6C charging rates with 1C discharging rate. Capacity fading, cathode structural changes, Li inventory loss, electrolyte composition changes and Li plating on graphite electrodes are thoroughly studied by various characterization techniques. The rapid capacity fading in cells at 6C charging rate is mainly due to Li inventory loss from cathode structure and metallic Li plating on graphite electrode at higher charging rate. Post-mortem analysis also revealed changes in electrolyte such as increased salt molarity and transesterification during fast charging.