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Purpose: To explore the value of ultrasound (US) characteristics in diagnosing breast fibromatosis (BF) and evaluate their differences from breast carcinoma., Methods: A total of 121 patients with BF (n = 24, 29 lesions) or invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) (n = 97, 102 lesions) of the breast were included. Their clinical and US findings were recorded and analyzed., Results: The mean age of BF was younger than that of IDC (28.75 ± 5.55 vs. 50.19 ± 9.87, p < 0.001). The mean size of the BF was smaller than that of IDC (2.09 ± 0.91 vs. 2.71 ± 1.20, p = 0.011). Compared to IDC, BF had more frequency of posterior echo attenuation (p < 0.001), less frequency of peripheral hyperechoic halo (p = 0.002), calcification (p = 0.001), US reported axillary lymph node positive (p = 0.025), and grade 2-3 vascularity (p < 0.001). The Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System categorized BF at a lower level than IDC (p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, the peripheral hyperechoic halo, posterior echo feature, and vascularity could independently identify the differences between these two entities., Conclusion: Some differences were observed between BF and IDC in terms of patient age, lesion size, and US characteristics., (© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Patients with Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Ph-like ALL) often face a grim prognosis, with PDGFRB gene fusions being commonly detected in this subgroup. Our study has unveiled a newfound fusion gene, TERF2::PDGFRB, and we have found that patients carrying this fusion gene exhibit sensitivity to dasatinib. Ba/F3 cells harbouring the TERF2::PDGFRB fusion display IL-3-independent cell proliferation through activation of the p-PDGFRB and p-STAT5 signalling pathways. These cells exhibit reduced apoptosis and demonstrate sensitivity to imatinib in vitro. When transfused into mice, Ba/F3 cells with the TERF2::PDGFRB fusion gene induce tumorigenesis and a shortened lifespan in cell-derived graft models, but this outcome can be improved with imatinib treatment. In summary, we have identified the novel TERF2::PDGFRB fusion gene, which exhibits oncogenic potential both in vitro and in vivo, making it a potential therapeutic target for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)., (© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Introduction: Transarterial chemoembolization combined with lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitor (triple therapy) has displayed encouraging clinical outcomes for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). We aimed to explore the prognostic value of pathological response (PR) in patients with initially uHCC who underwent conversion surgery following triple therapy and identify predictors of major pathological response (MPR)., Methods: A total of 76 patients with initially uHCC who underwent conversion surgery following triple therapy were retrospectively analyzed. PR was calculated as the proportion of nonviable tumor cell surface area of the whole tumor bed surface area. MPR was identified when PR was ≥90%. Pathological complete response (pCR) was defined as the absence of viable tumor cells., Results: MPR and pCR were identified in 53 (69.7%) and 25 (32.9%) patients, respectively. The 1- and 2-year overall survival in patients with MPR were significantly higher than in those without MPR (100.0% and 91.3% vs. 67.7% and 19.4%; p < 0.001). The corresponding recurrence-free survival was also improved in patients with MPR compared to those without (75.9% and 50.8% vs. 22.3% and 11.2%; p < 0.001). Similar results were observed among patients with pCR and those without. Patients who achieved MPR without pCR exhibited survival rates comparable to those of patients who achieved pCR. Baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ≥2.6 ( p = 0.016) and preoperative alpha-fetoprotein level ≥400 ng/mL ( p = 0.015) were independent predictors of MPR., Conclusion: The presence of MPR or pCR could improve prognosis in patients with initially uHCC who underwent conversion surgery following triple therapy. The PR may become a surrogate marker for predicting the prognosis of these patients., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (© 2024 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.)

The risk management in workplace is an important measure to effectively prevent and control the harm of hand-transmitted vibration. Based on the relevant developments at home and abroad, this paper expounds the risk of manual vibration operation in workplace by taking contact assessment and hazard assessment as an example. On this basis, the limit management and hierarchical management related to risk management are discussed, and the existing problems are analyzed.

China attaches great importance to the occupational health assistance for small and medium-sized enterprises, but many efforts are still needed. Through the research and comparative analysis of the policies and measures of occupational health assistance for small and medium-sized enterprises at domestic and international, this paper finds that there are still some problems in the occupational health assistance for small and medium-sized enterprises in China, such as imperfect policies, lack of safeguard measures, support platforms and resources, and puts forward that China can promote the occupational health assistance for small and medium-sized enterprises from the aspects of perfecting the support system, strengthening safeguard measures, building relevant platforms and enriching resources.

Using a prospective, observational cohort study during the post-"dynamic COVID-zero" wave in China, we estimated short-term relative effectiveness against Omicron BA.5 infection of inhaled aerosolized adenovirus type 5-vectored ancestral strain coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine as a second booster dose approximately 1 year after homologous boosted primary series of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine compared with no second booster. Participants reported nucleic acid or antigen test results weekly until they tested positive or completed predesignated follow-up. After excluding participants infected <14 days after study entry, relative effectiveness among the 6576 participants was 61% in 18- to 59-year-olds and 38% in ≥60-year-olds and was sustained for 12 weeks., Competing Interests: Potential conflicts of interest. All authors report no potential conflicts. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Objectives: Accurate distinguishing between immunoglobulin G4-related sialadenitis (IgG4-RS) and primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) is crucial due to their different treatment approaches. This study aimed to construct and validate a nomogram based on the ultrasound (US) scoring system for the differentiation of IgG4-RS and pSS., Methods: A total of 193 patients with a clinical diagnosis of IgG4-RS or pSS treated at our institution were enrolled in the training cohort (n = 135; IgG4-RS = 28, pSS = 107) and the validation cohort (n = 58; IgG4-RS = 15, pSS = 43). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression algorithm was utilized to screen the most optimal clinical features and US scoring parameters. A model for the differential diagnosis of IgG4-RS or pSS was built using logistic regression and visualized as a nomogram. The performance levels of the nomogram model were evaluated and validated in both the training and validation cohorts., Results: The nomogram incorporating clinical features and US scoring parameters showed better predictive value in differentiating IgG4-RS from pSS, with the area under the curves of 0.947 and 0.958 for the training cohort and the validation cohort, respectively. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the nomogram was clinically useful., Conclusions: A nomogram based on the US scoring system showed favourable predictive efficacy in differentiating IgG4-RS from pSS. It has the potential to aid in clinical decision-making., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Institute of Radiology and the International Association of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Polysaccharide-based membranes with excellent mechanical properties are highly desired. However, severe mechanical deterioration under wet conditions limits their biomedical applications. Here, inspired by the structural heterogeneity of strong yet hydrated biological materials, we propose a strategy based on heterogeneous crosslink-and-hydration (HCH) of a molecule/nano dual-scale network to fabricate polysaccharide-based nanocomposites with robust wet mechanical properties. The heterogeneity lies in that the crosslink-and-hydration occurs in the molecule-network while the stress-bearing nanofiber-network remains unaffected. As one demonstration, a membrane assembled by bacterial cellulose nanofiber-network and Ca 2+ -crosslinked and hydrated sodium alginate molecule-network is designed. Studies show that the crosslinked-and-hydrated molecule-network restricts water invasion and boosts stress transfer of the nanofiber-network by serving as interfibrous bridge. Overall, the molecule-network makes the membrane hydrated and flexible; the nanofiber-network as stress-bearing component provides strength and toughness. The HCH dual-scale network featuring a cooperative effect stimulates the design of advanced biomaterials applied under wet conditions such as guided bone regeneration membranes., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.)

Introduction: Although the combination of transcutaneous sacral nerve stimulation (tSNS) and pelvic floor exercises (PFEs) has shown significant effectiveness in treating fecal incontinence (FI) after surgery for congenital anorectal malformation (CARM), not all patients achieve satisfactory continence. Therefore, identifying which individuals will benefit from this method is crucial., Methods: A prospective cohort study enrolled 92 children with FI. All patients underwent tSNS with PFE treatment, and an improved outcome was defined as a Wexner score ≤4. A predictive model to identify the effects of tSNS with PFEs in FI was developed based on the analysis of magnetic resonance imaging and high-resolution anorectal manometry with area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve to evaluate the predictive value of external anal sphincter (EAS) thickness index and anal squeezing pressure (ASP)., Results: tSNS with PFEs improved outcomes in 72 patients and led to poor outcomes in 20 (4 had their rectums deviate from the puborectalis muscle center or puborectal muscle ruptures while 16 lacked EAS with a lower ASP). The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for EAS thickness index and ASP in predicting the effects of tSNS with PFEs were 0.915 (95% confidence interval 0.846-0.983, P = 0.000) and 0.886 (95% confidence interval 0.819-0.952, P = 0.000), respectively. By applying cutoff values of 0.076 for EAS thickness index and 21.95 mm Hg for ASP, tSNS with PFEs was found to be ineffective., Discussion: tSNS with PFEs is effective for most patients with FI after CARM surgery, except when the rectum deviates from the puborectal muscle center, puborectal muscle rupture occurs, or EAS is absent with a low ASP., (Copyright © 2023 by The American College of Gastroenterology.)

Background: The synergistic effect of locoregional therapy in combination with systemic therapy as a conversion therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation (TACE) combined with lenvatinib and camrelizumab (TACE + LEN + CAM) as conversion therapy for uHCC., Methods: This single-arm, multicentre, prospective study was conducted at nine hospitals in China. Patients (aged 18-75 years) diagnosed with uHCC, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score (ECOG-PS) of 0-1 and Child-Pugh class A received camrelizumab (200 mg, every 3 weeks) and lenvatinib (bodyweight ≥60 kg: 12 mg/day; <60 kg: 8 mg/day) after TACE treatment. Surgery was performed after tumour was assessed as meeting the criteria for resection. Patients who did not meet the criteria for surgery continued to receive triple therapy until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Primary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (mRECIST) and safety. Secondary endpoints included the surgical conversion rate, radical (R0) resection rate, and disease control rate (DCR). This study was registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100050410)., Findings: Between Oct 25, 2021, and July 20, 2022, 55 patients were enrolled. As of the data cutoff on June 1, 2023, the median follow-up was 13.3 months (IQR 10.6-15.9 months). The best tumour response to triple therapy was complete response (CR) in 9 (16.4%) patients, partial response (PR) in 33 (60.0%) patients, stable disease (SD) in 5 (9.1%) patients, or progressive disease (PD) in 7 (12.7%) patients. The ORR was 76.4% (42/55, 95% CI, 65.2-87.6%), and the DCR was 85.5% (47/55, 95% CI, 76.2-94.8%) per mRECIST. Twenty-four (43.6%) of the 55 patients suffered from grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). No grade 5 TRAEs occurred. A total of 30 (30/55, 54.5%) patients were converted to resectable HCC and 29 (29/55, 52.7%) patients underwent resection. The R0 resection rate was 96.6% (28/29). The major pathologic response (MPR) and pathologic complete response (pCR) rates in the surgery population were 65.5% (19/29) and 20.7% (6/29), respectively. Only one patient developed a Clavien-Dindo IIIa complication (abdominal infection). No Clavien-Dindo IIIb-V complications occurred. The median OS and median PFS were not reached., Interpretation: The triple therapy (TACE + LEN + CAM) is promising active for uHCC with a manageable safety. Moreover, triple therapy has good conversion efficiency and the surgery after conversion therapy is feasible and safe. To elucidate whether patients with uHCC accepting surgical treatment after the triple therapy can achieve better survival benefits than those who receive triple therapy only, well-designed randomised controlled trials are needed., Funding: This study was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (2022J01691) and the Youth Foundation of Fujian Province Health Science and Technology Project, China (2022QNA035)., Competing Interests: We declare no competing interests., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

Background: To assess the perioperative safety, oncological outcomes, and determinants influencing the oncological outcomes of salvage liver resection for initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) rendered resectable through transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and anti-PD-1 antibodies (α-PD-1)., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from 83 consecutive patients across six tertiary hospitals who underwent salvage liver resection for initially unresectable HCC following conversion by TACE combined with TKIs and α-PD-1, emphasizing perioperative and oncological outcomes. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was employed to discern independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence-free survival (RFS)., Results: The median operative duration was 200 min, with a median blood loss of 400 ml. Intraoperative blood transfusions were necessitated for 27 patients. The overall perioperative complication rate was 48.2%, with a major complication rate of 16.9%. One patient died during the perioperative period due to postoperative liver failure. During the median follow-up period of 15.1 months, 24 patients experienced recurrence, with early and intrahepatic recurrence being the most common. Seven patients died during follow-up. Median RFS was 25.4 months, with 1- and 2-year RFS rates of 68.2% and 61.8%, respectively. Median overall survival was not reached, with 1- and 2-year overall survival rates of 92.2% and 87.3%, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that pathological complete response (pCR) and intraoperative blood transfusion served as independent prognostic determinants for postoperative RFS., Conclusions: Our study provides preliminary evidence suggesting that salvage liver resection may be an effective and feasible treatment option for patients with unresectable HCC who achieve resectability after conversion therapy with TACE, TKIs, and α-PD-1. The perioperative safety of salvage liver resection for these patients was manageable and acceptable. However, further research, particularly prospective comparative studies, is needed to better evaluate the potential benefits of salvage liver resection in this patient population., (© 2023. Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver.)

Ampelopsis grossedentata, commonly known as "Vine Tea" and well-recognized for its rich flavonoid content, is mainly distributed in the southern regions of the Yangtze River basin in China. These regions include Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, and Guizhou provinces. Vine Tea is mainly consumed as an herbal tea and has garnered attention for its reported health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, and neuroprotective properties. It has been used to alleviate coughs and sore throats (Zhang et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2017; Gao et al., 2009). In the Zhangjiajie region of Hunan province alone, the Vine Tea planting area reached 7,670.5 hectares and produced commercial goods worth 1.417 billion RMB in 2022. In May 2021, leaf margins and veins fading to yellowing mottling, and crumpling of leaf blades in the shape of a boat symptoms were found in ~16% of Vine Tea plants in the Sanjiakuan Township, Yongding District, Zhangjiajie region (29°15'E, 110°30' N) (Figure 1a, b, c). (Figure 1a, b, c). Phytoplasma-like microbial cells (small oval shaped bacterial cells, around 1000 nm in size) were observed in sieve tube cells in the phloem of diseased leaves using transmission electron microscopy. No such cell was observed in the phloem of healthy leaves (Figure 2a, b). To investigate the potential association between phytoplasma and the observed symptoms of the diseased plants, total DNA was isolated from ten diseasedeaves and compared with ten healthy leaves from the same field using SteadyPure Plant Genomic DNA Extraction Kit. The isolated DNAs were analyzed first in a direct PCR using universal phytoplasma primer pair R16mF2/R16mR1 targeting the 16S rRNA gene (Gundersen and Lee 1996) and specific pair rpF1/rpR1 (Lee et al. 1998) targeting the DNA fragment encoding partial ribosomal proteins (rp) L22 (complete) and S3 and S19 (partial). The initial amplified products were used as templates and further amplified by nested PCR respectively with primer pair R16F2n/R16R2 for the 16S rRNA gene (Lee et al. 1998) and the rpF2/rpR2 primer pair for the rp gene (Martini et al. 2007). No amplification was obtained with DNA from healthy leaf samples using any of the four primer pairs. The amplified fragments from diseased leaves by nested PCR were cloned and sequenced (Qingke Biotech, China). The obtained sequences have been deposited in GenBank with accession numbers OR282806 for the 16S rRNA gene and GenBank OR353012 for the rp gene. BLASTn analysis revealed that the partial 16S rRNA gene sequence in our sample shared 99.4% nucleotide sequence identity with 'Candidatus Phytoplasma sp.' (MW364378) and 'Peony yellows phytoplasma' (KY814723) of the 16SrI group. Similarly, our rp gene sequence shared 99.6% nucleotide identity with the rpI group of phytoplasma such as the 'Balsamine virescence phytoplasma' (JN572890) and 'Paulownia witches'-broom phytoplasma' (HM146079). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA and rp sequences using MEGA version 7.0 revealed that the phytoplasma strain associated with A. grossedentata yellow leaf syndrome in our study site belonged to the 16SrI (Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris) group of phytoplasma (Figure 3a, b). Using the interactive online phytoplasma classification tool iPhyClassifier (Zhao et al., 2009), virtual restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed our strain having a distinct RFLP map but was closest to that of the onion yellow phytoplasma 16SrI-B subgroup (GenBank accession number: AP006628), with a similarity coefficient of 0.94 (Figure 4a, b). To confirm phytoplasma transmission, healthy plants were inoculated with three scions of infected plants of A. grossedentata. After 16 days, the new leaves of the inoculated A. grossedentata showed yellow leaf symptoms (Figure 5a, b, c), akin to the symptoms originally observed in the field, and the outer contour of the leaf margin appeared chlorotic. After 26 days, primer pairs R16mF2/R16R1 and R16F2n/R16R2 were used for nested PCR detection of phytoplasma in symptomatic A. grossedentata leaves. Phytoplasma was detected in the first and second leaves of symptomatic branches and leaves while negative control showed no amplification. Sequencing of the amplified fragments showed 100% nucleotide identity to the strain from the grafting source. Our results indicated that the pathogen and the disease can be transmitted by tissue grafting, consistent with the biological characteristics of phytoplasma, and further confirmed that the phytoplasma was the pathogen of yellow leaf syndrome of A. grossedentata. Toour knowledge, this is the first report of phytoplasma of group 16SrI affecting A. grossedentata.

A binuclear Ni(II)-based metal-organic framework {[Ni 2 (btb) 1.333 (H 2 O) 3.578 (py) 1.422 ]·(DMF)(H 2 O) 3.25 } n ( Nibtb ) was solvothermally synthesized (H 3 btb = 1,3,5-tri(4-carboxylphenyl)benzene, py = pyridine, DMF = N , N -dimethylformamide). Nibtb shows a rare 2-fold interpenetrating (3,4)-connected 3D network with a point symbol of (8 3 ) 4 (8 6 ) 3 based on binuclear Ni(II) clusters. Nibtb as a heterogeneous catalyst combines the high stability of MOFs and excellent catalytic activity of nickel, which exhibits excellent catalytic activity for the synthesis of benzimidazoles and pyrazoles under mild conditions. Moreover, the catalyst can be easily separated and reused for seven successive cycles and maintains high catalytic activity.

Clostridioides difficile spores are considered as the major source responsible for the development of C . difficile infection (CDI), which is associated with an increased risk of death in patients and has become an important issue in infection control of nosocomial infections. Current treatment against CDI still relies on antibiotics, which also damage normal flora and increase the risk of CDI recurrence. Therefore, alternative therapies that are more effective against C . difficile bacteria and spores are urgently needed. Here, we designed an oxidation process using H 2 O 2 containing PBS solution to generate Cl - and peroxide molecules that further process Ag and Au ions to form nanoboxes with Ag-Au peroxide coat covering Au shell and AgCl core (AgAu-based nanoboxes). The AgAu-based nanoboxes efficiently disrupted the membrane structure of bacteria/spores of C . difficile after 30-45 min exposure to the highly reactive Ag/Au peroxide surface of the nano structures. The Au-enclosed AgCl provided sustained suppression of the growth of 2 × 10 7 pathogenic Escherichia coli for up to 19 days. In a fecal bench ex vivo test and in vivo CDI murine model, biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy of the AuAg nanoboxes to attenuate CDI was demonstrated by restoring the gut microbiota and colon mucosal structure. The treatment successfully rescued the CDI mice from death and prevented their recurrence mediated by vancomycin treatment. The significant outcomes indicated that the new peroxide-derived AgAu-based nanoboxes possess great potential for future translation into clinical application as a new alternative therapeutic strategy against CDI., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Bioengineering & Translational Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers.)

The cell cycle regulator cyclin D3 (CCND3) is highly expressed in multiple myeloma (MM) and it promotes MM cell proliferation. After a certain phase of cell cycle, CCND3 is rapidly degraded, which is essential for the strict control of MM cell cycle progress and proliferation. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms regulating CCND3 degradation in MM cells. By utilizing affinity purification-coupled tandem mass spectrometry, we identified the deubiquitinase USP10 interacting with CCND3 in human MM OPM2 and KMS11 cell lines. Furthermore, USP10 specifically prevented CCND3 from K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, therefore enhancing its activity. We demonstrated that the N-terminal domain (aa. 1-205) of USP10 was dispensable for binding to and deubiquitinating CCND3. Although Thr283 was important for CCND3 activity, it was dispensable for CCND3 ubiquitination and stability modulated by USP10. By stabilizing CCND3, USP10 activated the CCND3/CDK4/6 signaling pathway, phosphorylated Rb, and upregulated CDK4, CDK6 and E2F-1 in OPM2 and KMS11 cells. Consistent with these findings, inhibition of USP10 by Spautin-1 resulted in accumulation of CCND3 with K48-linked polyubiquitination and degradation that synergized with Palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, to induce MM cell apoptosis. In nude mice bearing myeloma xenografts with OPM2 and KMS11 cells, combined administration of Spautin-l and Palbociclib almost suppressed tumor growth within 30 days. This study thus identifies USP10 as the first deubiquitinase of CCND3 and also finds that targeting the USP10/CCND3/CDK4/6 axis may be a novel modality for the treatment of myeloma., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Pharmacological Society.)

Understanding how different driving forces have promoted biological divergence and speciation is one of the central issues in evolutionary biology. The Triticum/Aegilops species complex contains 13 diploid species belonging to the A-, B- and D-lineages and offers an ideal system to address the evolutionary dynamics of lineage fusion and splitting. Here, we sequenced the whole genomes of one S-genome species (Aegilops speltoides) of the B-lineage and four S*-genome diploid species (Aegilops bicornis, Aegilops longissima, Aegilops sharonensis and Aegilops searsii) of the D-lineage at the population level. We performed detailed comparisons of the five species and with the other four representative A-, B- and D-lineage species. Our estimates identified frequent genetic introgressions from A- and B-lineages to the D-lineage species. A remarkable observation is the contrasting distributions of putative introgressed loci by the A- and B-lineages along all the seven chromosomes to the extant D-lineage species. These genetic introgressions resulted in high levels of genetic divergence at centromeric regions between Ae. speltoides (B-lineage) and the other four S*-genome diploid species (D-lineage), while natural selection is a potential contributor to divergence among the four S*-genome species at telomeric regions. Our study provides a genome-wide view on how genetic introgression and natural selection acted together yet chromosome-regionally divided to promote genomic divergence among the five S- and S*-genome diploid species, which provides new and nuanced insights into the evolutionary history of the Triticum/Aegilops species complex., (© 2023 Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The microecology of endophytic fungi in special habitats, such as the interior of different tissues from a medicinal plant, and its effects on the formation of metabolites with different biological activities are of great importance. However, the factors affecting fungal community formation are unclear. This study is the first to utilize "mini-community" remodeling to understand the above phenomena. First, high-throughput sequencing technology was applied to explore the community composition and diversity of endophytic fungi in the above-ground tissues (Ea) and below-ground tissues (Eb) of Ephedra sinica. Second, fungi were obtained through culture-dependent technology and used for "mini-community" remodeling in vitro. Then, the effects of environmental factors, partner fungi, and plant tissue fluid (internal environment) on endophytic fungal community formation were discussed. Results showed that environmental factors played a decisive role in the selection of endophytic fungi, that is, in Ea and Eb, 93.8% and 25.3% of endophytic fungi were halophilic, respectively, and 10.6% and 60.2% fungi were sensitive to high temperature (33 °C), respectively. Meanwhile, pH had little effect on fungal communities. The internal environment of the plant host further promoted the formation of endophytic fungal communities., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Effects of green space on human health have been well-documented in western, high-income countries. Evidence for similar effects in China is limited. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms linking green space and mortality are yet to be established. We therefore conducted a nation-wide study to assess the association between green space and mortality in China using a difference-in-difference approach, which applied a causal framework and well controlled unmeasured confounding. In addition, we explored whether air pollution and air temperature could mediate the association., Methods: In this analysis, we collected data on all-cause mortality and sociodemographic characteristics for each county in China from the 2000 and 2010 censuses and the 2020 Statistical Yearbook. Green space exposure was assessed using county-level normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the percentage of green space (forest, grasslands, shrub land and wetland). We applied a difference-in-differences approach to evaluate the association between green space and mortality. We also performed mediation analysis (by air pollution and air temperature)., Results: Our sample consisted of 2726 counties in 2000 and 2010 as well as 1432 counties in 2019. In the 2000 versus 2019 comparison, a 0.1 unit increase in NDVI was associated with a 2.4 % reduction in mortality [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.4-4.3 %], and a 10 % increase in percentage of green space was associated with a 4.7 % reduction (95 % CI 0-9.2 %) in mortality. PM 2.5 and air temperature mediated 0.3 % to 12.3 % of the associations., Conclusions: Living in greener counties may be associated with lower risk of mortality in China. These findings could indicate the potential of a population-level intervention to reduce mortality in China, which has important public health implications at the county level., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Aiming to improve the environmental stability of organic photovoltaics, a multilayered SiO x C y /a-SiN x (O):H composite barrier film coated with a hydrophobic perfluoro copolymer stop layer for polymer:non-fullerene solar cells is developed. The composite film is prepared by spin-coating of polysilicone and perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) following a densification process by vacuum ultraviolet irradiation in an inert atmosphere. The transformation of polysilicone and PHPS to SiO x C y and a-SiN x (O):H is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurement. However, the as-prepared PHPS-derived silicon nitride (PDSN) can react with moisture in the ambient atmosphere, yielding microscale defects and a consequent poor barrier performance. Treating the incomplete PDSN with methanol vapor significantly densifies the film yielding low water vapor transmission rates (WVTRs)of 5.0 × 10 -1 and 2.0 × 10 -1 g m -2  d -1 for the one- and three-couple of SiO x C y /a-SiN x (O):H (CON) composite films, respectively. By incorporating a thin hydrophobic perfluoro copolymer layer, the three-coupled methanol-treated CON film with a total thickness of 600 nm shows an extremely low WVTR of 8.7 × 10 -4 g m -2  d -1 . No performance decay is measured for the PM6:Y6 and PM6:L8-BO cells after such an encapsulation process. These encapsulated polymer cells show good stability storaged at 25 °C/50% relative humidity, or under simulated extreme rainstorm tests., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The construction of health enterprises practice the concept of big health. It is an important solution to protect the overall health of occupational groups in the new era, which is of great significance to promoting a healthy city and helping to build a healthy China. This paper clarifies the connotation of healthy enterprises in the new era, discusses the key points of healthy enterprise construction around the "four in one" construction content, "PDCA" construction procedures, and evaluation methods of healthy enterprises. It focuses on the progress of healthy enterprise construction, analyzes the problems faced by the construction of health enterprises in China, and puts forward suggestions to improve the construction efficiency, with a view to providing ideas for further promoting the construction of health enterprises in China.

Oleosins play essential roles in stabilization of lipid droplets (LDs) and seed oil production. However, evolution of this gene family has not been reported in Theaceae, a large plant family that contains many important tea and oil tea species. In this study, a total of 65 oleosin genes were identified in nine genome-sequenced Theaceae species. Among these genomes, the gene number of oleosin showed significant difference, with Camellia sinensis var. sinensis cv. Shuchazao and Camellia lanceoleosa displayed more oleosin numbers than other species. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Theaceae oleosin genes were classified into three clades (U, SL, SH) respectively. Proteins within the same clade had similar gene structure and motif composition. Segmental duplication was the primary driving force for the evolution of oleosin genes in Shuchazao (SCZ), Huangdan (HD), C.lanceoleosa (Cla), and wild tea (DASZ). Synteny analysis showed that most oleosin genes displayed inter-species synteny among tea and oil tea species. Expression analysis demonstrated that oleosin genes were specifically expressed in seed and kernel of Huangdan (HD) and C.lanceoleosa. Moreover, expression divergence was observed in paralogous pairs and ∼1-2 oleosin genes in each clade have become activate. This study leads to a comprehensive understanding of evolution of oleosin family in Theaceae, and provides a rich resource to further address the functions of oleosin in tea and oil tea species., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Myeloid tumors typically harbor TP53 mutations, which are linked to a dismal prognosis. There are fewer studies on whether TP53-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts (MDS-EB) differ in molecular characteristics and should be considered as separate entities., Methods: Between January 2016 and December 2021, a retrospective analysis was done on a total of 73 newly diagnosed AML patients and 61 MDS-EB patients from the first affiliated hospital of Soochow University. We described a survival profile and a thorough characterization of newly found TP53-mutant AML and MDS-EB and investigated the relationship between these characteristics and overall survival (OS)., Results: 38 (31.1%) were mono-allelic, and 84 (68.9%) were bi-allelic. There is no significant difference between TP53-mutated AML and MDS-EB (median OS 12.9 verse 14.4 months; p = .558). Better overall survival was linked to mono-allelic TP53 than bi-allelic TP53(HR = 3.030, CI:1.714-5.354, p < .001). However, the number of TP53 mutations and comutations were not significantly associated with OS. TP53 variant allele frequency cutoff of 50% is significant correlation with OS (HR: 2.177, 95% CI: 1.142-4.148; p = .0063)., Conclusion: Our data revealed that allele status and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant independently affect the prognostic of AML and MDS-EB patients, with a concordance of molecular features and survival between these two disease entities. Our analysis favors considering TP53-mutated AML/MDS-EB as a distinct disorder., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly damaged human society, but the origins and early transmission patterns of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogen remain unclear. Here, we reconstructed the transmission networks of SARS-CoV-2 during the first three and six months since its first report based on ancestor-offspring relationships using BANAL-52-referenced mutations. We explored the position (i.e., root, middle, or tip) of early detected samples in the evolutionary tree of SARS-CoV-2. In total, 6 799 transmission chains and 1 766 transmission networks were reconstructed, with chain lengths ranging from 1-9 nodes. The root node samples of the 1 766 transmission networks were from 58 countries or regions and showed no common ancestor, indicating the occurrence of many independent or parallel transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 when first detected (i.e., all samples were located at the tip position of the evolutionary tree). No root node sample was found in any sample ( n =31, all from the Chinese mainland) collected in the first 15 days from 24 December 2019. Results using six-month data or RaTG13-referenced mutation data were similar. The reconstruction method was verified using a simulation approach. Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may have already been spreading independently worldwide before the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Thus, a comprehensive global survey of human and animal samples is essential to explore the origins of SARS-CoV-2 and its natural reservoirs and hosts.

Six Cd(II)/Mn(II)/Co(II)/Ni(II)/Zn(II) coordination complexes are formulated as [Cd 2 (X 2- ) 2 ( μ 3 -O) 2/3 ] n ( 1 ), [Mn 2 (X 2- ) 2 ( μ 3 -O) 2/3 ] n ( 2 ), {[Co 1.5 (Y 4- ) 0.5 (4,4'-bpy) 1.5 (OH - )]·2H 2 O} n ( 3 ), {[Ni(X 2- )(4,4'-bpy)(H 2 O) 2 ]·4H 2 O} n ( 4 ), [Zn( m -bdc 2- )(bebiyh)] n ( 5 ), and [Cd(5-tbia 2- )(bebiyh)] n ( 6 ) (H 2 X = 3,3'-(2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylene) dipropionic acid. H 4 Y = 2,2'-(2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylene)bis(methylene) dimalonic acid, bebiyh = 1,6-bis(2-ethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)hexane, m -H 2 bdc = 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, and 5-H 2 tbia = 5-(tert-butyl)isophthalic acid) were obtained by hydrothermal reactions and structurally characterized. Complexes 1 and 2 have a 6-connected 3D architecture and with several point symbols of (3 6 ·4 6 ·5 3 ). Complex 3 features a 5-connected 3D net structure with a point symbol of (5·6 9 ). Complex 4 possesses a 4-connected 2D net with a vertex symbol of (4 4 ·6 2 ). Complex 5 is a 3-connected 2D network with a point symbol of (6 3 ). Complex 6 is a (3,3)-connected 2D network with a point symbol of (6 3 ) 2 . In addition, complexes 1 and 4 present good photoluminescence behaviors. The electronic structures of 1 and 4 were investigated with the density functional theory (DFT) method to understand the photoluminescence behaviors.

Lightweight structural materials with a unique combination of high stiffness, strength, toughness, and hardness, are highly desired yet challenging to be artificially fabricated. Biological structural materials, on the other hand, ingeniously integrate multiple mutually exclusive mechanical properties together relying on their hierarchically heterogeneous structures bonded with gradient interfaces. Here, a scalable bottom-up approach combining continuous nanofiber-assisted evaporation-induced self-assembly with laminating, pressure-less sintering and resin infiltration is reported to fabricate bioinspired heterogeneous ceramic-resin composites with locally tunable microstructure to fulfill specific properties. A gradient interlayer is introduced to provide a gradual transition between adjacent heterogeneous layers, effectively alleviating their property mismatch. The optimized heterogeneous nacre-like composite, as a demonstration, exhibits an attractive combination of low density (≈2.8 g cm -3 ), high strength (≈292 MPa), toughness (≈6.4 MPa m 1/2 ), surface hardness (≈1144 kgf mm -2 ) and impact-resistance, surpassing the overall performance of engineering alumina. This material-independent approach paves the way for designing advanced bioinspired heterogeneous materials for diverse structural and functional applications., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Background: The impact of sarcopenia on textbook outcome (TO) after hepatectomy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between sarcopenia and TO, to clarify its long and short-term prognostic value, and to develop a nomogram model based on sarcopenia and TO for survival prediction., Methods: Patients who underwent HCC resection between January 2012 and March 2017 in three large hospitals in Fujian were retrospectively recruited and divided into sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups based on skeletal muscle index (SMI) values. TO was defined as no 30-day morality, no 30-day readmission, negative margins, no prolonged hospital stay, and no major complications. Multivariate regression was used to screen for clinical factors associated with TO. Nomograms of overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) after hepatectomy for HCC were developed., Results: A total of 1172 patients were included in the study. The TO rates were 28.74% (121/421 patients) in the sarcopenia group and 43.4% (326/751 patients) in the non-sarcopenia group. The results showed that sarcopenia was an independent predictor of TO (p < 0.001), TO was an independent predictor of perioperative treatment-related sarcopenia (PTRS)(p = 0.002), and TO was an independent predictor of OS and RFS (p < 0.001). Nomogram models based on sarcopenia and TO were generated and accurately predicted OS and RFS at 1, 3, and 5 years., Conclusion: Both sarcopenia and TO are independent predictors of OS and RFS after HCC resection. Sarcopenia was an independent predictor of TO. Sarcopenia influenced long-term survival by affecting short-term postoperative outcomes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None declared., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd, BASO ~ The Association for Cancer Surgery, and the European Society of Surgical Oncology. All rights reserved.)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and M2 macrophage polarization have been documented for their implication in various malignancies, but their implication in liver cancer remains to be determined. This study is intended to explore the effect of S100A9 regulated TAMs and macrophage polarization in liver cancer progression. THP-1 cells were induced to differentiate into M1 and M2 macrophages, which were then cultured in liver cancer cell conditioned culture medium before the M1 and M2 macrophages were identified by measuring biomarkers using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The differential expressed genes in macrophages in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were screened. S100A9 overexpression and knockdown plasmid were transfected into macrophages to determine the effect of S100A9 on M2 macrophage polarization of TAMs and on proliferation ability of liver cancer cells. The proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) abilities of liver cancer co-cultured with TAMs. M1 and M2 macrophages were successfully induced and liver cancer cell conditioned culture medium can increase polarization of macrophages into M2 macrophages, in which elevated expression of S100A9 was detected. Data in GEO database showed that tumor microenvironment (TME) upregulated S1000A9 expression. Suppression on S1000A9 can significantly suppress M2 macrophage polarization. TAM can provide the necessary microenvironment for liver cancer cells, HepG2 and MHCC97H by increasing cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability, while suppression on S1000A9 can reverse this expression pattern. Suppression on S100A9 expression can regulate M2 macrophage polarization of TAMs to suppress the progression of liver cancer., (© 2023 The Authors. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Kaohsiung Medical University.)

Tea, which is processed by the tender shoots or leaves of tea plant (Camellia sinensis), is one of the most popular nonalcoholic beverages in the world and has numerous health benefits for humans. Along with new progress in biotechnologies, the refined chromosome-scale reference tea genomes have been achieved, which facilitates great promise for the understanding of fundamental genomic architecture and evolution of the tea plants. Here, we summarize recent achievements in genome sequencing in tea plants and review the new progress in origin and evolution of tea plants by population sequencing analysis. Understanding the genomic characterization of tea plants is import to improve tea quality and accelerate breeding in tea plants., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: The mechanism of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced decrease in erectile function has not been elucidated, and in previous studies, spectrin alpha, erythrocytic 1 (SPTA1) is a cytoskeletal protein that regulates cellular function, which belongs to a family of proteins that can affect cell and tissue growth and development by regulating YAP, an effector on the Hippo signaling pathway, but its particular role has not been elucidated., Objective: To explore the role of SPTA1 in the abnormality of erectile function induced by HFD., Methods: We analyzed the penile tissues of mice on normal diet and HFD by transcriptomics and screened for differentially expressed genes, further identified closely related target genes in rat penile tissues, and verified target gene expression in in vitro construction of high-glucose (HG)-treated corpus cavernosum endothelial cells (CCECs) and corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs) models. The distribution of target genes in various cell populations in penile tissues was retrieved by single-cell sequencing Male Health Atlas database. Moreover, interfering with target genes was further applied to explore the mechanisms involved in erectile function decline., Results: Transcriptomic analysis screened out down-regulated differential gene SPTA1; Western blot and immunohistochemistry results showed that SPTA1 expression significantly decreased in the penile tissues of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats in the HFD group. Immunofluorescence staining showed a positive expression of CD31 and VWF in CCECs and a positive expression of α-SMA in CCSMCs. The expression level of SPTA1 protein significantly decreased in the HG group of CCECs and CCSMCs. The expression of SPTA1 mRNA significantly decreased in CCSMCs while significantly increased in CCECs. SPTA1 may have various expression patterns and biological functions in different cell populations. Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that the siSPTA1 transfected in CCSMCs had a significant interference effect compared with the control siNC. Transfection of siSPTA1 into CCSMCs resulted in the significant down-regulation of mRNA and protein expression of eNOS, and significant up-regulation of YAP, Caspase-1, GSDMD, GSDMD-N IL-18, and IL-1β protein expression levels. The expression level of CCSMCs contractile-type protein α-SMA was significantly down-regulated., Conclusions: The down-regulation of SPTA1 in SD rats fed with HFD may induce cell pyroptosis and lead to the decrease of erectile function by activating the Hippo pathway; these findings may provide new therapeutic targets for improving erectile function., (© 2022 American Society of Andrology and European Academy of Andrology.)

Complement activation is thought to underline the pathologic progression of obesity-related metabolic disorders; however, its role in adaptive thermogenesis has scarcely been explored. Here, we identify complement C3a receptor (C3aR) and C5a receptor (C5aR) as critical switches to control adipocyte browning and energy balance in male mice. Loss of C3aR and C5aR in combination, more than individually, increases cold-induced adipocyte browning and attenuates diet-induced obesity in male mice. Mechanistically, loss of C3aR and C5aR increases regulatory T cell (Treg) accumulation in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue during cold exposure or high-fat diet. Activated Tregs produce adenosine, which is converted to inosine by adipocyte-derived adenosine deaminases. Inosine promotes adipocyte browning in a manner dependent on activating adenosine A2a receptor. These data reveal a regulatory mechanism of complement in controlling adaptive thermogenesis and suggest that targeting the C3aR/C5aR pathways may represent a therapeutic strategy in treating obesity-related metabolic diseases., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

As an important part of health information standard system, occupational health information standard system is the foundation and guarantee of promoting the construction of occupational health information. This article is based on the literature research about current situation of domestic and foreign health information standards and occupational health information standard system, thus take "the National Health Information Standardization System" and "the National Public Health Information Construction Standards and Norms" into account, focus on the requirements of occupational health information construction and related work. Thus, put forward suggestions on the construction of occupational health information standard system, to accelerate the occupational health information construction, data collection, transmission and application.

The indispensable role of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) in the viral replication cycle and its dissimilarity to human proteases make Mpro a promising drug target. In order to identify the non-covalent Mpro inhibitors, we performed a comprehensive study using a combined computational strategy. We first screened the ZINC purchasable compound database using the pharmacophore model generated from the reference crystal structure of Mpro complexed with the inhibitor ML188. The hit compounds were then filtered by molecular docking and predicted parameters of drug-likeness and pharmacokinetics. The final molecular dynamics (MD) simulations identified three effective candidate inhibitors (ECIs) capable of maintaining binding within the substrate-binding cavity of Mpro. We further performed comparative analyses of the reference and effective complexes in terms of dynamics, thermodynamics, binding free energy (BFE), and interaction energies and modes. The results reveal that, when compared to the inter-molecular electrostatic forces/interactions, the inter-molecular van der Waals (vdW) forces/interactions are far more important in maintaining the association and determining the high affinity. Given the un-favorable effects of the inter-molecular electrostatic interactions-association destabilization by the competitive hydrogen bond (HB) interactions and the reduced binding affinity arising from the un-compensable increase in the electrostatic desolvation penalty-we suggest that enhancing the inter-molecular vdW interactions while avoiding introducing the deeply buried HBs may be a promising strategy in future inhibitor optimization., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

The effective detection of environmental pollutants is very important to the sustainable development of human health and the environment. A luminescent Cd(II) coordination complex, {[Cd(dbtdb)(1,2,4-H 3 btc)]·0.5H 2 O} n ( 1 ) (dbtdb = 1-(2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-4-((2-(thiazol-4-yl)-2H-benzo[d]imidazol-3(3aH)-yl)methyl)benzyl)-2,7a-dihydro-2-(thiazol-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole, 1,2,4-H 3 btc = 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid), was obtained by hydrothermal reactions. Complex 1 has a chain structure decorated with uncoordinated Lewis basic O and S donors and provides good sensing of Fe 3+ , Cr 2 O 7 2- , and p -nitrophenol with fluorescence quenching through an energy transfer process. The calculated binding constants were 3.3 × 10 3 mol -1 for Fe 3+ , 2.36 × 10 4 mol -1 for Cr 2 O 7 2- , and 9.3 × 10 3 mol -1 for p -nitrophenol, respectively. These results show that 1 is a rare multiresponsive sensory material for efficient detection of Fe 3+ , Cr 2 O 7 2- , and p -nitrophenol.

Most orchids have high ornamental value with long-lived flowers. However, the mechanisms by which orchids maintain floral longevity are poorly understood. Here, we hypothesized that floral longevity in Dendrobium is maintained by high resource investment and complementary water and nutrient utilization in different structural units of the perianth. To test this hypothesis, we determined which water- and nutrient-related traits are correlated with flower longevity in 23 Dendrobium species or cultivars, and examined variations of the related traits during flower development of one long-lived cultivar. We found that floral longevity was correlated with dry mass per unit area of perianths and total flower biomass, which indicates that maintaining floral longevity requires increased resource investment. During development of long-lived flowers, labella showed a high capacity for water storage and nutrient reutilization, which could partly remedy high water demand and biomass investment. Sepals and petals, in contrast, had stronger desiccation avoidance and higher metabolic activity with lower biomass investment. These findings indicate that Dendrobium flowers maintain longevity by complementary water and nutrient utilization strategies in the sepals, petals and labella, with labella consuming more water and nutrients to extend flower display, and sepals and petals using a more conservative strategy., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.)

Background . Robotic systems can overcome some limitations of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (L-TME), thus improving the quality of the surgery. So far, many studies have reported the technical feasibility and short-term oncological results of robotic total mesorectal excision (R-TME) in treating rectal cancer (RC); however, only a few evaluated the survival and long-term oncological outcomes. The following study compared the medium-term oncological data, 3-year overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) of L-TME and R-TME in patients with rectal cancer. Methods . In this retrospective study, records of patients (patients with stage I-III rectal cancer) who underwent surgery (127 cases of L-TME and 148 cases of R-TME) at the Gansu Provincial Hospital between June 2016 and March 2018 were included in the analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis evaluated the 3-year OS and DFS for all patients treated with curative intent. Results . The conversion rate was significantly higher, and the postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer in the L-TME group than in the R-TME group (all P <.05). Major complications were significantly lower in the robotic group (P<.05). The 3-year DFS rate (for all stages) was 74.8% for L-TME and 85.8% for R-TME ( P = .021). For disease stage III, the 3-year DFS and OS were significantly higher in the R-TME group ( P <.05). Conclusion . R-TME can achieve better oncological outcomes and is more beneficial for RC patients compared with L-TME, especially for those with stage III rectal cancers. Nevertheless, further randomized controlled trials and a longer follow-up period are needed to confirm these findings.

Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common urinary tumors. The risk of metastasis for patients with RCC is about 1/3, among which 30−40% have lymph node metastasis, and the existence of lymph node metastasis will greatly reduce the survival rate of patients. However, the necessity of lymph node dissection is still controversial at present. Therefore, a new predictive model is urgently needed to judge the risk of lymph node metastasis and guide clinical decision making before operation. Method: We retrospectively collected the data of 189 patients who underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection or enlarged lymph node resection due to suspected lymph node metastasis or enlarged lymph nodes found during an operation in Tongji Hospital from January 2016 to October 2021. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) regression analyses were used to identify preoperative predictors of pathological lymph node positivity. A nomogram was established to predict the probability of lymph node metastasis in patients with RCC before surgery according to the above independent predictors, and its efficacy was evaluated with a calibration curve and a DCA analysis. Result: Among the 189 patients, 54 (28.60%) were pN1 patients, and 135 (71.40%) were pN0 patients. Three independent impact factors were, finally, identified, which were the following: age (OR = 0.3769, 95% CI = 0.1864−0.7622, p < 0.01), lymph node size according to pre-operative imaging (10−20 mm: OR = 15.0040, 95% CI = 1.5666−143.7000, p < 0.05; >20 mm: OR = 4.4013, 95% CI = 1.4892−7.3134, p < 0.01) and clinical T stage (cT1−2 vs. cT3−4) (OR = 3.1641, 95% CI = 1.0336−9.6860, p < 0.05). The calibration curve and DCA (Decision Curve Analysis) showed the nomogram of this predictive model had good fitting. Conclusions: Low age, large lymph node size in pre-operative imaging and high clinical T stage can be used as independent predictive factors of pathological lymph node metastasis in patients with RCC. Our predictive nomogram using these factors exhibited excellent discrimination and calibration.

Lightweight and impact-resistant materials with self-monitoring capability are highly desired for protective applications, but are challenging to be artificially fabricated. Herein, a scalable-manufactured aramid nanofiber (ANF)-based composite combining these key properties is presented. Inspired by the strengthening and toughening mechanisms relying on recoverable interfaces commonly existing in biological composites, mechanically weak but dense hydrogen bonds are introduced into the ANF interfaces to achieve simultaneously enhanced tensile strength (300 MPa), toughness (55 MJ m -3 ), and impact resistance of the nanofibrous composite. The achieved mechanical property combination displays attractive advantages compared with that of most of previously reported nanocomposites. Additionally, the nanofibrous composite is designed with a capability for real-time self-monitoring of its structural safety during both quasi-static tensile and dynamic impact processes, based on the strain/damage-induced resistance variations of a conductive nanowire network inside it. These comprehensive properties enable the present nanofibrous composite with promising potential for protective applications., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The composition of influenza vaccines is updated annually. To ensure vaccine safety, the coverage and adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of 6 manufacturers of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV3) need to be evaluated. In January 2022, we analyzed data from more than 1.59 million children in the Childhood Vaccination Information Management System and the AEFI Surveillance Information Management System and evaluated influenza vaccines for children aged 6 to 35 months in Guangzhou from 2016/17 to 2019/20 Vaccination rates and AEFI reporting rates. From 2016/17 to 2019/20, the 1-dose influenza vaccination rate was 25.0% (range: 20.7%-30.2%), and the 2-dose (full course) influenza vaccination rate was 21.6% (range: 17.7%-26.4%). The full vaccination coverage rate has trended down since 2017/2018 (2017/18: 26.0%; 2018/19: 8.3; 2019/20: 17.7%). Fifty-two cases (13.1/100 000) and 24 cases (6.9/100 000) received AEFI reports for 1 dose and 2 doses, respectively, mainly due to fever ≥38.6°C (39 cases for 1 dose, 9.8/100 000; 15 cases for 2 dose, 4.3/100 000) and allergic rash (9 cases with 1 dose, 2.3/100 000; 5 cases with 2 doses, 1.4/100 000). Patients who received A and F manufacturers were more likely to report side effects. The safety of influenza vaccines from 6 manufacturers is good, and it is necessary to improve the recommended information on influenza vaccines to dispel people's concerns and increase the vaccination rate.

In this work, a polyethyleneimine-modified chitosan/Ce-UIO-66 composite hydrogel (PEI-CS/Ce-UIO-66) was prepared using the ex-situ blend method. The synthesized composite hydrogel was characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR, BET, XPS, and TG techniques, while the zeta potential was recorded for sample analysis. The adsorbent performance was studied by conducting adsorption experiments using methyl orange (MO), which showed that PEI-CS/Ce-UIO-66 exhibited excellent MO adsorption properties (900.5 ± 19.09 mg/g). The adsorption kinetics of PEI-CS/Ce-UIO-66 could be explained by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and its isothermal adsorption followed the Langmuir model. Thermodynamics showed that the adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic at low temperatures. MO could interact with PEI-CS/Ce-UIO-66 via electrostatic interaction, π-π stacking, and hydrogen bonding. The results indicated that the PEI-CS/Ce-UIO-66 composite hydrogel could potentially be used for the adsorption of anionic dyes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To analyze and compare the effect of the combination of energy and density parameters of CO 2 dot matrix laser in the hyperplastic stage of pediatric burn. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 pediatric patients with hypertrophic scar after limb burn from 2017 to 2020 were randomly divided into four parameter groups (n = 40). The patients were treated with ablative fraction carbon dioxide laser, once every 10 weeks. During the interval of laser treatment, Compound Heparin Sodium and Allantoin Gel (Contractubex) was applied externally, tid, and elastic cover or elastic bandage is attached to the affected limb. Scoring based on the Vancouver Scar Scale is performed before each laser treatment, The score before the first treatment was the initial score, which was scored by two people separately, and the average score was calculated. Subsequently, the patients were treated four times and scored. The differences between each treatment and the first score of each parameter group were compared. Under the same energy and different treatment density, the scores after each treatment were compared. Under the same density and different energy, the scores after each treatment were compared. The bleeding and pigmentation of each parameter group were compared. Results: The increase of density can show the therapeutic effect earlier than the increase of energy, and 25mj energy and 10% density have better intervention effect. With the course of disease and the progress of treatment, the correlation between intervention effect and parameters tends to weaken. Comparing the number of cases with different scores between each treatment and the first time, the score in the 5% density group was lower than that in the 10% density group, but there was no significant difference between the 25mj and 17.5mj energy levels in the same density group. The intervention effect of the increase of density on scar was better than that of energy, and the increase of energy and density could aggravate the pain. Conclusion: In pediatric burn hypertrophic scars treated by CO 2 dot matrix laser in exfoliation mode, the intervention effect of increasing density is better than that of energy. When setting laser treatment parameters, we should give priority to increasing density and adjust energy according to the effect of treatment and the condition of pain, bleeding and color precipitation. In this study, the best combination of parameters is 17.5mj/10%.

Objective: To understand the incidence and risk factors of high-risk drowning behaviors among primary and middle school students in Shufu county, Kashgar area, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and provide a theoretical basis for the development of drowning prevention policies and intervention measures. Methods: Cluster random sampling method was adopted in Bulakesu and Uppal of Shufu county. A total of 28 primaries and 2 middle schools were selected, and questionnaires surveyed all the students in grades 1-8. Results: A total of 14 543 questionnaires were sent out. 23.9% of primary and secondary school students had experienced high-risk drowning behavior in the past 12 months. Higher swimming level, introversion, intense curiosity, poor relationship with classmates, poor relationship with family, and open water near the school and open water near home were the risk factors of high-risk drowning behaviors. Conclusions: More attention should be paid to the psychology and high-risk behaviors of primary and middle school students, and the education of drowning knowledge and skills should be strengthened. Meanwhile, schools and communities should pay attention to the management and intervention of open water.

Objective: To analyze the trust in vaccination and its influencing factors in parents of children aged 0-6 years. Methods: In June 2021, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect the basic information of parents of children aged 0-6 years, including their trust in vaccination and their attitudes towards vaccination. The χ 2 test was used to compare the difference between different groups, and logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results: A total of 10 916 parents of children aged 0-6 years were investigated in this study, and their trust in vaccine was 67.20%, of which safety (55.80%) was the key factor limiting the trust in vaccination. 37.94% (4 142/10 916) of the parents were willing to vaccinate more than two kinds of vaccines at the same time, and 85.07% (9 286/10 916) of the parents feared that abnormal reactions would occur after vaccination. The parents' age, education level and annual family income were the promoting factors of their trust in vaccination ( P <0.05). Obtaining vaccine knowledge through vaccination APP or official account ( OR =1.330, 95% CI : 1.188-1.489) and popular science leaflets distributed by vaccination clinics ( OR =1.120, 95% CI : 1.020-1.228) were the promoting factors of parents' trust in vaccination. Young children and parents, high family income and education level were the promoting factors for parents to be willing to vaccinate at the same time ( P <0.05), and young children and parents, low family income and education level were the inducing factors for fear of abnormal reaction after vaccination ( P <0.05). Parents of children in the central region had a high acceptance of simultaneous vaccination for children, while parents of children in the western region had a low degree of concern about abnormal reactions after vaccination ( P <0.05). Parents of children who read books and got vaccine knowledge online ( OR =1.257, 95% CI : 1.153-1.371), urban residents (O R =1.173, 95% CI : 1.062-1.295) and with jobs ( OR =1.109, 95% CI : 1.015-1.212) were more willing to vaccinate at the same time. The choice of imported vaccine was a promoting factor for parents to worry about abnormal reactions after vaccination ( P <0.05). Conclusion: There is room for parents of children aged 0-6 years to further improve their trust in vaccination. At this stage, it is necessary to innovate the way of health education and health promotion, and pay attention to the publicity of vaccine safety knowledge, so as to improve parents' trust in vaccination.

How progenitor cells can attain a distinct differentiated cell identity is a challenging problem given the fluctuating signaling environment in which cells exist and that critical transcription factors are often not unique to a differentiation process. Here, we test the hypothesis that a unique differentiated cell identity can result from a core component of the differentiated state doubling up as a signaling protein that also drives differentiation. Using live single-cell imaging in the adipocyte differentiation system, we show that progenitor fat cells (preadipocytes) can only commit to terminally differentiate after up-regulating FABP4, a lipid buffer that is highly enriched in mature adipocytes. Upon induction of adipogenesis in mouse preadipocyte cells, we show that after a long delay, cells first abruptly start to engage a positive feedback between CEBPA and PPARG before then engaging, after a second delay, a positive feedback between FABP4 and PPARG. These sequential positive feedbacks both need to engage in order to drive PPARG levels past the threshold for irreversible differentiation. In the last step before commitment, PPARG transcriptionally increases FABP4 expression while fatty acid-loaded FABP4 increases PPARG activity. Together, our study suggests a control principle for robust cell identity whereby a core component of the differentiated state also promotes differentiation from its own progenitor state., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2022 Bahrami-Nejad et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Containing the largest number of species, the orchid family provides not only materials for studying plant evolution and environmental adaptation, but economically and culturally important ornamental plants for human society. Previously, we collected genome and transcriptome information of Dendrobium catenatum, Phalaenopsis equestris, and Apostasia shenzhenica which belong to two different subfamilies of Orchidaceae, and developed user-friendly tools to explore the orchid genetic sequences in the OrchidBase 4.0. The OrchidBase 4.0 offers the opportunity for plant science community to compare orchid genomes and transcriptomes and retrieve orchid sequences for further study.In the year 2022, two whole-genome sequences of Orchidoideae species, Platanthera zijinensis and Platanthera guangdongensis, were de novo sequenced, assembled and analyzed. In addition, systemic transcriptomes from these two species were also established. Therefore, we included these datasets to develop the new version of OrchidBase 5.0. In addition, three new functions including synteny, gene order, and miRNA information were also developed for orchid genome comparisons and miRNA characterization.OrchidBase 5.0 extended the genetic information to three orchid subfamilies (including five orchid species) and provided new tools for orchid researchers to analyze orchid genomes and transcriptomes. The online resources can be accessed at https://cosbi.ee.ncku.edu.tw/orchidbase5/., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

VV116 (JT001) is an oral drug candidate of nucleoside analog against SARS-CoV-2. The purpose of the three phase I studies was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of single and multiple ascending oral doses of VV116 in healthy subjects, as well as the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics and safety of VV116. Three studies were launched sequentially: Study 1 (single ascending-dose study, SAD), Study 2 (multiple ascending-dose study, MAD), and Study 3 (food-effect study, FE). A total of 86 healthy subjects were enrolled in the studies. VV116 tablets or placebo were administered per protocol requirements. Blood samples were collected at the scheduled time points for pharmacokinetic analysis. 116-N1, the metabolite of VV116, was detected in plasma and calculated for the PK parameters. In SAD, AUC and C max increased in an approximately dose-proportional manner in the dose range of 25-800 mg. T 1/2 was within 4.80-6.95 h. In MAD, the accumulation ratio for C max and AUC indicated a slight accumulation upon repeated dosing of VV116. In FE, the standard meal had no effect on C max and AUC of VV116. No serious adverse event occurred in the studies, and no subject withdrew from the studies due to adverse events. Thus, VV116 exhibited satisfactory safety and tolerability in healthy subjects, which supports the continued investigation of VV116 in patients with COVID-19., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background and Aims: Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in biliary atresia (BA) pathogenesis; human poliovirus receptor (PVR) is an important NK-cell modulator. Here, we explored the role of PVR in BA pathogenesis., Methods: Poliovirus receptor expression and NK cell-associated genes were detected in human BA samples and a rotavirus-induced BA mouse model using quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence staining. Chemically modified small interfering RNA silenced PVR expression in the BA model, and its effects on the population and function of intrahepatic NK cells were investigated using flow cytometry (FCM). The effects of PVR overexpression and knockdown on proliferation, apoptosis and NK-cell-mediated lysis of cultured human cholangiocytes were analysed using FCM and cell viability assays. Serum PVR, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) levels were measured in a cohort of 50 patients using ELISA., Results: Poliovirus receptor expression was upregulated in the biliary epithelium of BA patients and BA model and was positively correlated with the population and activation of intrahepatic NK cells. Silencing of PVR expression impaired the cytotoxicity of NK cells, reduced inflammation and protected mice from rotavirus-induced BA. Activation of the TLR3-IRF3 signalling pathway induced PVR expression in cultured cholangiocytes. PVR overexpression promoted proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of cholangiocytes but exacerbated NK cell-mediated cholangiocyte lysis. Serum PVR levels were elevated in BA patients and were positively correlated with HMGB1 and IL-1beta levels., Conclusions: Poliovirus receptor contributes to BA pathogenesis by regulating NK cell-mediated bile duct injury; PVR has the value as a biomarker of BA., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Introduction: The actual rate of conversion surgery and its prognostic advantages remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of salvage surgery after conversion therapy with triple therapy (transcatheter arterial chemoembolization [TACE] combined with lenvatinib plus anti-PD-1 antibodies) in patients with initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC)., Methods: Patients with initially uHCC who received at least one cycle of first-line triple therapy and salvage surgery at five major cancer centers in China were included. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates after salvage surgery. The secondary endpoints were perioperative complications, 90-day mortality, and pathological tumor response., Results: Between June 2018 and December 2021, 70 patients diagnosed with uHCC who underwent triple therapy and salvage surgery were analyzed: 39 with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C, 22 with BCLC stage B, and 9 with BCLC stage A disease. The median interval between the start of triple therapy and salvage surgery was 4.3 months (range, 1.7-14.2 months). Pathological complete response and major pathological response were observed in 29 (41.4%) and 59 (84.3%) patients, respectively. There were 2 cases of perioperative mortality (4.3%) and 5 cases of severe perioperative complications (7.1%). With a median follow-up of 12.9 months after surgery (range, 0.3-36.8 months), the median OS and RFS were not reached. The 1- and 2-year OS rates were 97.1% and 94.4%, respectively, and the corresponding RFS rates were 68.9% and 54.4%, respectively., Conclusion: First-line combination of TACE, lenvatinib, and anti-PD-1 antibodies provides a better chance of conversion therapy in patients with initially uHCC. Furthermore, salvage surgery after conversion therapy is effective and safe and has the potential to provide excellent long-term survival benefits., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2022 by The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.)

The diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) is mainly based on clinical manifestations, screening, and related biochemistry tests. In recent years, the development of blood biomarkers and the improvement in ultrasound examination have made it possible for BA to be diagnosed at a younger age. In particular, matrix metalloproteinase-7 shows high sensitivity and specificity and has a higher diagnostic efficiency than existing biochemical parameters, thereby holding a promise for clinical application. Sound touch elastography can increase the diagnostic efficiency for BA in terms of diagnosis and prognostic evaluation. Surgery is still the only method for the treatment of BA at present, with the preferred surgical treatment regimen of Kasai portoenterostomy combined with pharmacotherapies for alleviating infection and inflammation, and the patients who fail Kasai portoenterostomy or have liver dysfunction may require liver transplantation to save their lives. Therefore, the current research on BA should focus on the biomarkers for early diagnosis, specifically targeted drugs, and drugs for preventing progressive liver fibrosis. This article reviews the current diagnosis and treatment methods for BA and discusses the potential research directions.