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Lilium is one of the most widely cultivated ornamental bulbous plants in the world. Although research has shown that variable temperature treatments can accelerate the development process from vegetative to reproductive growth in Lilium, the molecular regulation mechanisms of this development are not clear. In this study, Lbr-miR171b and its target gene, LbrSCL6, were selected and validated using transgenic functional verification, subcellular localization, and transcriptional activation. This study also investigated the differential expression of Lbr-miR171b and LbrSCL6 in two temperature treatment groups (25 °C and 15 °C). Lbr-miR171b expression significantly increased after the temperature change, whereas that of LbrSCL6 exhibited the opposite trend. Through in situ hybridization experiments facilitated by the design of hybridization probes targeting LbrSCL6, a reduction in LbrSCL6 expression was detected following variable temperature treatment at 15 °C. The transgenic overexpression of Lbr-miR171b in plants promoted the phase transition, while LbrSCL6 overexpression induced a delay in the phase transition. In addition, LbrWOX4 interacted with LbrSCL6 in yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. In conclusion, these results explain the molecular regulatory mechanisms governing the phase transition in Lilium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to investigate whether each type of sleep disturbances (i.e., pRBD, EDS, and insomnia) is specifically associated with faster decline in global cognition and different cognitive domains among de novo PD patients. We also assessed the influence of sleep disturbances on core AD CSF biomarkers alterations and conversion to dementia. Methods: Prospectively longitudinal data were obtained from the PPMI cohort. Sleep disturbances and cognition ability were assessed by questionnaires at baseline and follow‐up visits. Generalized linear mixed models were utilized to assess the effect of sleep disturbances on cognitive decline and core AD CSF biomarkers change. The associations between sleep disturbances and conversion to dementia were analyzed using Cox regression analysis. Results: Baseline pRBD was associated with faster decline in global cognition and all cognitive domains, including verbal episodic memory, visuospatial ability, executive function, language, and processing speed. EDS was associated with faster decline in three cognitive domains, including verbal episodic memory, executive function/working memory, and processing speed. Insomnia was associated with faster decline in global cognition and verbal episodic memory. Meanwhile, pRBD and EDS were associated with longitudinal decrease of CSF Aβ42. Baseline pRBD increased the risk of conversion to dementia. The risk of dementia in PD patients with multiple sleep disturbances also increased compared with those without sleep disturbance. Interpretation: Sleep disturbances (i.e., pRBD, EDS, and insomnia) were associated with cognitive decline in early PD. EDS and pRBD were associated with decrease of CSF Aβ42. Moreover, pRBD was associated with conversion to dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using panel data from 2012 to 2020 for publicly traded Chinese companies, we explored the efficacy in mitigation of tax information asymmetry to combat profit shifting and transnational tax avoidance. Our empirical analysis revealed that, after the implementation of the inaugural multilateral automatic information exchange system known as the Common Reporting Standard, there was a statistically significantly increase in the effective tax rate by 1.4 percentage points, accompanied by an increase in instances of tax compliance. These trends were discernibly associated with a reduction in profit shifting and notable changes in reported profit margins, particularly influenced by actions related to debt shifting and strategic management of intellectual property assets. These findings underscore the strong connection between these effects and various factors such as investment destinations, asset portfolios, and industry classifications. The results imply a prospective decline in the incidence of cross‐border tax avoidance by Chinese multinational entities and demonstrate the potential of emerging international tax cooperation frameworks for curbing the global tax avoidance practices of multinational corporations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Acer pictum subsp. mono is a perennial deciduous tree species in the family Aceraceae. It is widely distributed in Northeast China, North China, and all provinces of the Yangtze [...], Acer pictum subsp. mono is a colored leaf tree with vital ornamental and economic value. However, insufficient color change and early leaf fall in cities restrict its ornamental value. In this research, green and red leaves from wild A. p. subsp. mono were collected to study the regulatory mechanisms of leaf color change. Through the determination of plant physiological indexes, we found that the photosynthetic pigment content in red leaves decreased significantly compared with green leaves, while the anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity increased significantly compared with green leaves during the leaf color change process. Using transcriptome sequencing, we found more than 5500 differentially expressed genes, most of which were up-regulated. Many of the differentially expressed genes are involved in the anthocyanin metabolic pathway. The expression patterns of 15 key genes were investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Among these genes, AmDFR and PAL1 are significant genes involved in the anthocyanin metabolic pathway, and CIPKs2, CIPKs6, CMLs1, CMLs38, AmGST1, AmGST2, GPX3, CBF, AmAPX, AmSOD, POD5, AmGR, and PSBY might be stress response genes that indirectly regulated the anthocyanin accumulation. The results showed that these genes play vital roles in the leaf color change of A. p. subsp. mono. This research will be helpful in further study of the molecular regulatory mechanisms of leaf color change and for the improvement of colored leaf plants. Key words: Acer pictum subsp. mono, leaf color change, plant physiological index, transcriptome, molecular mechanism. Resume : L' Acer pictum subsp. mono est un arbre au feuillage colore qui a une valeur ornementale et economique. Cependant, un changement de couleur insuffisant ou une chute precoce des feuilles reduisent sa valeur. Dans ce travail, des feuilles vertes et rouges d'arbres sauvages de l'A. p. subsp. mono ont ete recoltees pour etudier les mecanismes regulant le changement de couleur des feuilles. Via la determination d'indices physiologiques, les auteurs ont trouve que la teneur en pigment photosynthetique chez les feuilles rouges declinait rapidement par rapport aux feuilles vertes, tandis que la teneur en anthocyanes et en activite antioxydante augmentait consi-derablement par rapport aux feuilles vertes au cours du processus de changement de couleur. En sequencant le transcriptome, les auteurs ont identifie plus de 5 500 genes qui etaient exprimes differemment, la plupart etant plus fortement exprimes. Plusieurs de ces genes sont impliques dans la voie metabolique des anthocyanes. L'expression de 15 genes cles a ete etudiee par amplification PCR en temps reel. Parmi ces genes, AmDFR et PAL1 sont des genes importants dans la voie metabolique des anthocyanes, tandis que les genes CIPKs2, CIPKs6, CMLs1, CMLs38, AmGST1, AmGST2, GPX3, CBF, AmAPX, AmSOD, POD5, AmGR et PSBY sont vraisemblablement des genes de reponse aux stress qui regulent indirectement l'accumulation des anthocyanes. Les resultats montrent que ces genes jouent des roles essentiels dans le changement de la couleur des feuilles chez l'A. p. subsp. mono. Cette recherche sera utile pour des etudes plus approfondies des mecanismes de regulation du changement de la couleur des feuilles et pour l'amelioration des plantes au feuillage colore. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : Acer pictum subsp. mono, changement de la couleur du feuillage, indice physiologique, transcriptome, mecanisme moleculaire.