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The dynamics of bubbles near a liquid–liquid interface represent a complex multiphase problem with numerous potential applications. This paper utilizes pulsed laser-induced microbubbles at the liquid–liquid interface to achieve the multi-orifice ejection of liquid metal microdroplets that are challenging to achieve with traditional inkjet printing. The study combines the expansion and collapse processes of thermal bubbles at the two-phase liquid interface with the ejection process of liquid metal droplets, unveiling the underlying mechanisms of liquid metal droplet ejection. In this work, the influence of laser parameters on the behavior of thermal bubbles at the liquid–liquid interface and the double-peak pressure effect was investigated. The impact of laser parameters on the ejection behavior of liquid metal droplets was also examined, which provides theoretical support for the wide applications of bubble dynamics at the liquid–liquid interface in the field of liquid metal inkjet printing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gaining a deep understanding of how climate change affects the carbon cycle in dryland vegetation is of utmost importance, as it plays a pivotal role in shaping the overall carbon cycle in global ecosystems. It is currently not clear how plant communities at varying elevations in arid mountainous regions will respond to climate change in terms of their productivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of climate change on vegetation productivity in different altitudinal vegetation belts of the Tianshan Mountains between 2000 and 2021, utilizing satellite-derived vegetation productivity and climate data. The findings suggest a notable increase in vegetation productivity across diverse altitudinal vegetation belts. The productivity of vegetation in the coniferous forest and alpine meadow belts displayed a notably higher interannual trend compared to other vegetation belts. Notably, an increase in vegetation productivity was accompanied by warming and drying. The productivity of altitudinal vegetation belts, however, appears to be resilient to current climate trends and was not significantly impacted by the severity of atmospheric drought. The trend of increased vegetation productivity was primarily driven by CO2 fertilization. Our results highlight that the extent of climate change may need to reach a threshold to noticeably affect variations in vegetation productivity in arid mountainous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the principle of forming principle and modeling method of the cycloidal gear tooth profile,the mathematical model of the form grinding is established and the calculation formulas for axial section coordinate points of the grinding wheel are deduced. The profile equation of the grinding wheel is obtained through studying the theory of grinding wheel widened. The trajectory for the diamond wheel when dressing grinding wheelis solved based on the principle of equal distance curve. The software for form grinding wheel dressing is developed and the simulation and analysis of grind wheel modified is got by the modification method of "isometric + shift".

On the basis of a large number of reference,the research trends on modification of cycloidal gear,the accuracy control of cycloidal gear transmission and the dynamics of RV reducer is introduced,and the analysis and discussion on the key technology of the modification,manufacturing and manufacturing equipment development need to be solved of the cyclonical-pinwheel transmission is carried out.