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A new diarylheptanoid, (1 R,2S,3S,5S)-2,3-dihydroxy-3',3''-dimethoxy-4'-de-O-methylcentrolobine (1) and a new bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoid, (1 R,7S)-1,12,13-trihydroxybisabola-3,10-diene (2), together with nineteen known compounds (3-21) were isolated from the EtOH extract of the stems and branches of Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai. Their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of 1 D and 2 D NMR spectra and from the HRESIMS. All the compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against eight human tumor cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study evaluated the functional, physical and psychosocial impacts of TMJ degenerative joint disease (DJD). The bearing of TMJ osteoarthrosis/osteoarthritis and early/late TMJ DJD on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) were also compared. Methods: Participants were enrolled from a TMD/oro‐facial pain centre. Those diagnosed with intra‐articular conditions based on the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) were subjected to CBCT assessment and categorised into four discrete groups: NN—no TMJ DJD and no arthralgia; NA—no TMJ DJD with arthralgia; TO—TMJ osteoarthrosis; and TR—TMJ osteoarthritis. The TO/TR groups were subdivided into early/late TMJ osteoarthrosis (EO/LO) and osteoarthritis (ER/LR). OHRQoL was examined using the OHIP‐TMD, and data were appraised with the Kruskal‐Wallis/Mann‐Whitney U tests (α = 0.05). Results: The study participant (n = 358) had a mean age of 31.85 ± 12.39 years (85.6% women). Frequencies of the TMD groups were as follows: NN—23.2%; NA—27.1%; TO—19.0%; and TR—30.7%. Participants with TR/NA had significantly worse OHRQoL than those with TO/NN. Additionally, participants with ER/LR reported significantly poorer OHRQoL than their counterparts with EO/LO. For all TMD groups and TMJ DJD subgroups, the psychological discomfort domain was generally the most impaired. Differences in global OHIP scores were significant between participants with and without arthralgia (i.e., NA‐NN, ER‐EO and LR‐LO). Conclusions: The presence of TMJ pain appeared to impair OHRQoL more than the severity of TMJ DJD. As psychological domains were most impacted, psychosocial care should be incorporated when managing patients with painful TMJ DJD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first alkali‐metal vanadium iodate fluoride, CsVO2F(IO3), with a novel 3D anionic framework, has been rationally designed and hydrothermally synthesized. The 3D [VO2F(IO3)]− framework in CsVO2F(IO3) is built from 0D Λ‐shaped cis‐[VO3F(IO3)2]4− polyanions via corner‐sharing of oxo anions and bridging of the iodate groups. CsVO2F(IO3) displays both a strong second‐harmonic generation (SHG) 1.1 times as strong as KTiOPO4 (KTP) under 2.05 μm laser radiation and high laser‐induced damage threshold (LIDT) of 107.9 MW cm−2. This work provides a new route to design SHG crystals with stable 3D anionic structures from low‐dimensional structural building units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first divalent-metal iodate-phosphate, Pb2(IO3)(PO4), has been prepared via the strategy of introducing (IO3)− into phosphate. The structure features a unique 3D network where [Pb(IO3)]∞+ and [Pb(PO4)]∞− layers are alternatively interconnected. The birefringence of Pb2(IO3)(PO4) is greatly increased to 0.060 at 1064 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first examples of rare‐earth polyiodates, namely, REI5O14 (RE=Y and Gd), have been prepared by hydrothermal reactions of RE2O3 and H5IO6 in H3PO4 (≥85 wt % in H2O), with extremely high yields (>95 %). They crystalize in the polar space group Cm and feature a brand‐new semicircle‐shaped [I5O14]3− pentameric polyiodate anion composed of two IO3 and three IO4 polyhedra. Remarkably, both compounds exhibit very large second‐harmonic generation (SHG) signals (14× and 15×KH2PO4 (KDP) upon 1064 nm laser radiation for Y and Gd compounds, respectively). Our work shows that the hydrothermal reaction in a phosphoric acid medium facilitates the formation of rare‐earth polyiodates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have indicated that the plasticizer di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) affects lipid accumulation; however, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. We aim to clarify the effect of DEHP on lipid metabolism and the role of TYK2/STAT1 and autophagy. In total, 160 Wistar rats were exposed to DEHP [0, 5, 50, 500 mg/(kg·d)] for 8 weeks. Lipid levels, as well as mRNA and protein levels of TYK2, STAT1, PPARγ, AOX, FAS, LPL, and LC3 were detected. The results indicate that DEHP exposure may lead to increased weight gain and altered serum lipids. We observed that DEHP exposure affected liver parenchyma and increased the volume or number of fat cells. In adipose tissue, decreased TYK2 and STAT1 promoted the expression of PPARγ and FAS. The mRNA and protein expression of LC3 in 50 and 500 mg/(kg·d) groups was increased significantly. In the liver, TYK2 and STAT1 increased compensatorily; however, the expression of FAS and AOX increased, while LPL expression decreased. Joint exposure to both a high-fat diet and DEHP led to complete disorder of lipid metabolism. It is suggested that DEHP induces lipid metabolism disorder by regulating TYK2/STAT1. Autophagy may play a potential role in this process as well. High-fat diet, in combination with DEHP exposure, may jointly have an effect on lipid metabolism disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) are promising hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts, but the unsatisfying activity and durability at industrial‐scale current densities hinder their application. Downsizing TMPs to nanoclusters can substantially enhance their activity; yet, the high surface free energy tends to initiate agglomeration thereby limiting their service life. Herein, a molecular engineering strategy to synthesize robust sulfur‐doped RuP2 (S‐RuP2) nanoclusters, which can continuously provide ampere‐level current densities of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 A cm−2 for at least 480 h with low overpotentials of 55.6 ± 1.0, 90.6 ± 1.2, and 122.8 ± 1.0 mV, respectively, is proposed. In particular, it exhibits a remarkable charge transfer amount (representing a long service life), outperforming all reported alkaline HER electrocatalysts. Remoulding the RuP2 architecture by sulfur atom can significantly lift the d‐band center of Ru and the p‐band center of P, therefore strengthening the adsorption of H2O, H, and OH to reduce the barriers of water dissociation and H migration. The authors‘ research unveils the enormous potential of molecule‐based porous materials for designing high‐performance nano‐structured catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was designed to reveal the role of nuclear poly(A) binding protein 1 (PABPN1) in the proliferation of preadipocytes, and to reveal the relationship between PABPN1 and cAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) in the regulation of preadipocyte proliferation., Methods: Vectors overexpressing and siRNAs against PABPN1/CREB were transiently transfected into both porcine preadipocytes and mouse 3T3-L1 cells. Preadipocyte proliferation was measured with CCK-8, EdU, real-time quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and flow cytometry analyses. Additionally, the transcriptional regulation of CREB on PABPN1 were analyzed with dual-luciferase reporter gene and EMSA assays., Results: Overexpression of PABPN1 inhibits, and knockdown of PABPN1 promotes, the proliferation of both porcine preadipocytes and 3T3-L1 cell lines. PABPN1 overexpression increased, while knockdown decreased, the cell population in the G0/G1 phase. These indicates that PABPN1 repressed preadipocyte proliferation by inhibiting cell cycle progress. Additionally, it was revealed that CREB regulated the expression of PABPN1 through binding to the promoter and that CREB inhibited preadipocyte proliferation by repressed cell cycle progress. Furthermore, we showed that PABPN1 functions as a downstream gene of CREB to regulate the proliferation of preadipocytes., Conclusion: PABPN1 inhibits preadipocyte proliferation by suppressing the cell cycle. We also found that CREB could promote PABPN1 expression by binding to a motif in the promoter. Further analysis confirmed that PABPN1 functions as a downstream gene of CREB to regulate the proliferation of preadipocytes. These results suggest that the CREB/PABPN1 axis plays a role in the regulation of preadipocyte proliferation, which will contribute to further revealing the mechanism of fat accumulation.

The treatment ideas with acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) are explored on the base of Dongyuan needling technology. Regarding the rules of acupoint selection, Zusanli (ST 36) is predominant, the back- shu points are used for the disorders related to the invasion of exogenous factors, and the front- mu points are for the cases caused by internal injury. Besides, the xing -spring points and shu -stream points are preferred. In treatment of KOA, besides the local points, the front- mu points, i.e. Zhongwan (CV 12), Tianshu (ST 25) and Guanyuan (CV 4), are selected specially to tonifying the spleen and stomach. The earth points and acupoints on the earth meridians (i.e. Yinlingquan [SP 9], Xuehai [SP 10], Liangqiu [ST 34], Dubi [ST 35], Zusanli [ST 36] and Yanglingquan [GB 34]) are optional to coordinate yin and yang , essence and qi , and regulate the qi movement of spleen and stomach. The shu -stream points of liver, spleen and kidney meridians (Taichong [LR 3], Taibai [SP 3] and Taixi [KI 3]) are chosen to promote meridian circulation and regulate zangfu functions.

The first alkali-metal vanadium iodate fluoride, CsVO 2 F(IO 3 ), with a novel 3D anionic framework, has been rationally designed and hydrothermally synthesized. The 3D [VO 2 F(IO 3 )] - framework in CsVO 2 F(IO 3 ) is built from 0D Λ-shaped cis-[VO 3 F(IO 3 ) 2 ] 4- polyanions via corner-sharing of oxo anions and bridging of the iodate groups. CsVO 2 F(IO 3 ) displays both a strong second-harmonic generation (SHG) 1.1 times as strong as KTiOPO 4 (KTP) under 2.05 μm laser radiation and high laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of 107.9 MW cm -2 . This work provides a new route to design SHG crystals with stable 3D anionic structures from low-dimensional structural building units., (© 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

The first divalent-metal iodate-phosphate, Pb 2 (IO 3 )(PO 4 ), has been prepared via the strategy of introducing (IO 3 ) - into phosphate. The structure features a unique 3D network where [Pb(IO 3 )] ∞ + and [Pb(PO 4 )] ∞ - layers are alternatively interconnected. The birefringence of Pb 2 (IO 3 )(PO 4 ) is greatly increased to 0.060 at 1064 nm.

An excellent second harmonic generation (SHG) material, LiMg(IO 3 ) 3 (LMIO), has been elaborately designed from Li 2 M IV (IO 3 ) 6 (M IV = Ti, Sn, and Ge) by aliovalent substitution of the central M IV cation followed by Wyckoff position exchange. The new structure sustains the ideal-alignment of (IO 3 ) - groups. Importantly, LMIO exhibits an extremely strong SHG effect of roughly 24 × KH 2 PO 4 (KDP) under 1064 nm laser radiation or 1.5 × AgGaS 2 (AGS) under 2.05 μm laser radiation, which is larger than that of α-LiIO 3 (18 × KDP). The replacement of M IV with Mg 2+ without d-d electronic transitions induces an obviously larger band gap (4.34 eV) with a short absorption edge (285 nm). This study shows that single-site aliovalent substitution provides a new synthetic route for designing SHG materials., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019.)

Objective: This study considered Chengdu, Sichuan, China as an example to investigate the dental service utilization by foreigners and its influencing factors. Results of the study can be referred by dental practitioners to explore international development of dental services and can be provided for health policy makers to formulate oral health policies for immigrants., Methods: A simple random sampling method with a questionnaire was designed based on Anderson's health utilization model and "Oral Health Questionnaire for Adults" by the World Health Organization. Oral health condition, consciousness, and demographic data were collected. Binary Logistic regression and stratified analysis with SPSS 20.0 were performed., Results: A total of 654 immigrants repre-senting 75 countries participated in the study. Among all participants, 102 (15.6%) experienced dental problems while in residence in China but paid no visit to dentists. Female immigrants, who spent considerable time living in Chengdu, experienced oral problems in a year, used dental floss, and reported family members in Chengdu, were more likely to visit Chinese dentists. Participants who lived in Chengdu for at least 10.5 months were the threshold distinguishing differences in dental visits in the country., Conclusions: The policymakers in Chengdu should consider creating a convenient and conducive dental care environment for immigrants. Additional information related to urgent oral and routine care should be provided to short- and long-term living immigrants in China. Dental practitioners in China should also contemplate on collaborating with foreign dental insurance companies to ensure better dental care access for immigrant patients.

Distribution characteristics of air pollutants and aerosol chemical components under different weather conditions were investigated in Jiaxing between May 1 and 31, 2015. The particulate matter (PM), gaseous pollutants, chemical components in PM 1.0 , and aerosol number concentrations ranging from 10 nm to 10 μm were measured using the SHARP-5030 monitoring instrument, Thermo EMS system, Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM), and Wide-Range Particle Spectrometer (WPS), respectively. The average concentrations of PM 2.5 , PM 1.0 , SO 2 , NO 2 , O 3 , and CO were 52.8 μg·m -3 , 37.2 μg·m -3 , 10.3 μg·m -3 , 38.1 μg·m -3 , 92.1 μg·m -3 , and 1.2 mg·m -3 during the observation period. The chemical components of OA, SO 4 2- , NO 3 - , NH 4 + , and Cl - in PM 1.0 had average concentrations of 2.18, 1.24, 0.87, 0.63, and 0.08 μg·m -3 , respectively. The aerosol number concentrations were mainly centralized in Aitken mode (20-100 nm), with a value of 12411.2 cm -3 . The nuclei mode aerosols (10-20 nm) followed the number concentrations with 4946.6 cm -3 . The concentration distributions and diurnal variations of PM and gaseous pollutants, and the distributions of chemical components of PM 1.0 varied under different weather conditions. The concentrations of chemical components were ranked in the order of OA > SO 4 2- > NO 3 - > NH 4 + > Cl - on rainy days and sunny days, and in the order of OA > NO 3 - > SO 4 2- > NH 4 + > Cl - on new particle formation (NPF) days. The OA and NO 3 - concentrations on NPF days were 1.61 and 1.42 times larger than those on sunny days, suggesting that the components of OA and NO 3 - were the main substances influencing the NPF events. Additionally, the diurnal variations of aerosols in different modes varied under different types of weather conditions.

A continuous fog and haze episode occurred on 17-20 May, 2015 in Jiaxing. Trace gases (O 3 , CO, SO 2 and NO 2 ), PM 10 , PM 2.5 , aerosol number concentration in the range of 10 nm-10 μm, meteorological elements, and radiosonde data from the 17st to the 22st of May were used to analyze the formation mechanism and pollutant characteristics during this episode. The results showed that subtropical high pressure lifted northward, a field pressure was dominant over Jiaxing leading to a weak ground wind speed, and a strong inversion layer occurred, this supplied moisture, power and thermal conditions for the occurrence and maintenance of the event. The episode included one precipitation process and two fog processes (rainy fog and radiation-advection fog). During the fog and haze process, the concentrations of NO 2 , CO, PM 10 and PM 2.5 were high and the levels of SO 2 and O 3 were low. Strong precipitation had greater scavenge effects on PM 10 , PM 2.5 and SO 2 , while weak precipitation aggravated the pollution degree. The PM concentrations increased continuously during the rainy fog process, while it decreased firstly and then increased during the radiation-advection fog process. The spectral distributions of aerosol number concentration were unimodal and differed significantly under different types of weather conditions. The peaks of number concentration were located at 20-30 nm, 100 nm, 30-60 nm, 120 nm, 90 nm under clean, precipitation, fog and haze, rainy fog, radiation-advection fog conditions, respectively. The spectra of surface area concentration were trimodal under clean, precipitation, fog and haze, rainy fog conditions, and had four peaks under radiation-advection fog condition.

To investigate the discrepancy of distributions of major gas pollutants and aerosol size between weekdays and weekends, trace gases (SO₂, NO₂, CO and O₃), PM (PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅) and aerosol spectral distributions at 10 nm-10 µm were monitored in May 2015 at Nanhu district in Jiaxing. The results showed that the gas pollutants of SO₂, NO₂, CO and O₃ had significant weekend effects in Jiaxing. The O₃ concentration on daytime of weekends was lower than that of weekdays. The peak of O₃ occurred at 14:00 on weekends, which was 1 hour later than that on weekdays. The weekend effect of PM₂.₅ was observed to be much more obvious compared to that of PMPM₂.₅. The ratios of PMPM₂.₅/PM₁₀ were 0.7 and 0.6 on weekends and weekdays, respectively. The aerosol number concentration was mostly concentrated at particle size below 500 nm, with values of 16,602 cm⁻³ and 23,309 cm⁻³ on weekends and weekdays. The most remarkable weekend effect was found for aerosol number concentration in nuclei mode, for surface area concentration in nuclei and coarse mode, and for mass concentration in accumulation and coarse mode. The spectra of aerosol number concentration, surface area concentration and mass concentration showed unimodal, trimodal and four-peak distributions, respectively.

To investigate the variation characteristics and causes of a high-level ozone pollution event during Aug. 5-11, 2013 in Jiaxing, the pollution gases (O3, NO2, NO, CO, SO2), atmospheric particles (PM10, PM2.5), and meteorological elements were observed in this study. The results indicated that the O3 concentration on the pollution days was 2. 4 times higher than that on normal days, with an exceeding rate of over 29.0% and up to 45. 8% on Aug. 9. This event was induced by the combined influences of intensive photochemical reaction at high temperature and in static stability weather condition with low humidity and wind speed. The diurnal variation of O3 showed a unimodal distribution on pollution and normal days, with the highest value at around 14:00. In the generation stage, the growth rates of O3 were 50.3 and 21.6 microg.(m3. h)-1 on pollution and normal days, respectively; in the extinction stage, the decrease rates of O3 were 16.8 and 23.4 microg (m3.h)-1. The concentrations of NO, NO2, and CO on pollution days were 1. 1, 1.5, and 1.5 times higher than those on normal days, which provided favorable conditions for photochemical reaction. The concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and the ratio of PM2.5 /PM10 on pollution days were 2.5, 2.3, and 1.1 times higher than those on normal days, indicating that the photochemical reaction is more conducive to the formation of fine particles.