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AbstractElectro-magneto-thermo-mechanical critical loads of a sandwich microplate composed of a core integrated with piezoelectric/piezomagnetic face-sheets are analyzed in this paper based on higher order shear and normal deformation theory and modified couple stress theory. The constitutive relations are developed based on generalized Hooke’s law and electromagnetic relations. In order to measure athletic performance and his/her quantitatively or qualitatively grades, a force plate is used. The thickness stretching of the sport force plates is accounted based on a new function in displacement field. The electric and magnetic potentials are assumed as summation of a linear function including applied electric/magnetic potential and two functions for satisfying the zero condition at top and bottom of the sport force plates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND RESULTS CONCLUSION Borreria latifolia (Aubl.) K. Schum (Rubiaceae) is an annual weed with a strong allelopathic inhibitory effect on malignant weeds in orchards in southern China. This study was carried out to investigate its allelopathic potential and to identify allelochemicals present in B. latifolia.Aqueous extracts of B. latifolia inhibited the germination and radicle growth of Eleusine indica and the radicle growth of Bidens alba in a dose‐dependent manner. However, only the high‐concentration treatment at 50 mg mL−1 delayed the germination of B. alba and Digitaria sanguinalis. Among the root, stem, and leaf aqueous extracts of B. latifolia, the leaf extract had the strongest inhibitory effects on the germination and seedling growth of E. indica, followed by stem extract and then root extract. A total of 47 published allelochemicals, including coumarin, 4‐hydroxybenzoate, salicylic acid, 4‐hydroxycinnamic acid, and vanillic acid, were identified in the leaf extract. Among the five allelochemicals, coumarin was found to be present in the highest concentration in the leaf extract. Furthermore, coumarin exhibited a significantly greater inhibitory effect on E. indica (EC50 = 36.87 mg L−1) than did the other allelochemicals (EC50 = 100.87–156.30 mg L−1).This study indicates that the leaf extracts of B. latifolia and their allelochemicals have excellent potential as bioherbicides and that coumarin is one of the key allelochemicals in B. latifolia. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yellow River Delta adjacent to the Bohai Sea is located in the monsoon region of northern China, which is sensitive to global climate change. The core data of KY-01 borehole in the Yellow River Delta and the published records were used to reconstruct the climate environment. Based on the analysis of carbonate content, magnetic susceptibility, Ostracoda, foraminifera, sporopollenin and AMS 14C dating on the KY-01 borehole sediment core, the evolution of both the climate and sedimentary environment has been discussed. The results show that: 7656–4145 cal.aBP, seawater moved toward the land surface and the climate was generally warm and humid, when there were small-scale extreme climate fluctuations; 4145–2544 cal.aBP, transgression and recession occurred, the climate changed from warm-wet to dry-cold and there were small-scale extreme climatic events; and 2544 cal.aBP–1855 AD, the sea level was relatively low, transgression and retreat alternately occurred, the climate was drier and colder than the previous stage and the warming and cooling alternated. During the middle Holocene, cold-dry events occurred between 5737–5422 and 4451–4081 cal.aBP, which is consistent with both Chinese and worldwide climate records. HIGHLIGHTS Reconstruction of Holocene environment in the Yellow River Delta using multi-proxy indices.; Two extreme climate events in the study area since Holocene were analyzed.; Compared with the Holocene climate and environmental changes in Shandong Province.;

BACKGROUND: Bacterial virulence factors are involved in various biological processes and mediate persistent bacterial infections. Focusing on virulence factors of phytopathogenic bacteria is an attractive strategy and crucial direction in pesticide discovery to prevent invasive and persistent bacterial infection. Hence, discovery and development of novel agrochemicals with high activity, low‐risk, and potent anti‐virulence is urgently needed to control plant bacterial diseases. RESULTS: A series of novel β‐hydroxy pyridinium cation decorated pterostilbene derivatives were prepared and their antibacterial activities against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) were systematacially assessed. Among these pterostilbene derivatives, compound 4S exhibited the best antibacterial activity against Xoo in vitro, with an half maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of 0.28 μg mL−1. A series of biochemical assays including scanning electron microscopy, crystal violet staining, and analysis of biofilm formation, swimming motility, and related virulence factor gene expression levels demonstrated that compound 4S could function as a new anti‐virulence factor inhibitor by interfering with the bacterial infection process. Furthermore, the pot experiments provided convinced evidence that compound 4S had the high control efficacy (curative activity: 71.4%, protective activity: 72.6%), and could be used to effectively manage rice bacterial leaf blight in vivo. CONCLUSION: Compounds 4S is an attractive virulence factor inhibitor with potential for application in treating plant bacterial diseases by suppressing production of several virulence factors. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Pareto frontier, a concept rooted in economics and multi-objective optimization, represents the interplay between two objectives. In the context of power systems, it is often the case that different objectives have to be considered at the same time, such as the minimization of the operational cost and the minimization of greenhouse gas emissions. However, whether both objectives are achievable or not largely depends on the specific technoeconomic characteristics of the generation units involved. In this context, the current paper presents the Pareto frontier for different combinations of technoeconomic characteristics of generation units, and different types of functions for the operational cost and CO2 emissions, as well as various technologies, including Combined Heat and Power, heat-only and thermal power stations. The analysis reveals a range of shapes for the resulting Pareto frontier and underlines the critical patterns and dependencies within the energy system's operational framework, highlighting the complex interplay between environmental impact and economic feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing electrification of the transport sector is expected to cause an increase in electricity demand and, therefore, trigger significant network investments to accommodate it. This paper focuses on investment decision-making for electricity distribution grids and specifically on the strategic and incremental investment network planning approaches. In particular, the former involves network planning with the consideration of a long-term multi-stage study horizon, as opposed to a shorter–term view of the future that applies to the latter case. An investment analysis that is carried out underlines the economic savings generated from adopting a strategic investment perspective over an incremental one. These economic savings are achieved from the fact that the associated fixed investment costs are incurred only once in the horizon under strategic planning. On the other hand, incremental planning involves a series of network reinforcement decisions, thereby incurring the fixed cost multiple times. In addition, sensitivity analyses that are carried out capture the effect of key parameters, such as investment cost, discount rate and investment delay, on the generated economic savings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]