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[ Objective ]The comprehensive fruit traits of 7 varieties with Dahongpao as the rootstock were compared to provide references for restructuring litchi industrial system and helping litchi growers to increase yields and benefits. [ Method ] Dahongpao, a local main cultivar, was selected to be the rootstock, which Feizixiao, Qinzhouhongli, Jizuili, Guiwei, Guifeihong and Maguili were used as scion to graft onto . The phenological period was investigated. Besides, fruit traits, fruit quality and production potential were analyzed and compared. [ Result ] Compared with the phenological period of Dahongpao, Feizixiao matured 15 days earlier, while Qinzhouhongli, Jizuili, Guiwei, Guifeihong and Maguili matured 10, 10, 10, 20 and 30 days later, respectively. Fruit quality and price of the six litchi varieties were better than those of Dahongpao, however their yield was lower than that of Dahongpao. Comprehensively grading single fruit weight, edible rate, soluble solid, average individual yield and average unit price, the score of Dahongpao, Feizixiao, Qinzhouhongli, Jizuili, Guiwei, Guifeihong and Maguili was 1.38, 3.50, 1.69, 1.49, 1.98, 2.78 and 3.11. The ranking of comprehensive characters was Feizixiao>Maguili>Guifeihong>Guiwei>Qinzhouhongli>Jizuili>Dahongpao. [ Conclusion] Desirable varieties with great comprehensive traits are Feizixiao, Maguili, Guifeihong and Jizuili, which are suitable to be extended in Baoshan, Yunnan Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Independent modulation of defect modes in one-dimensional fractal potential patterned graphene superlattices with multiple defect layers is performed theoretically. It is found that the fractal structure with defect layers possesses an unusual tunnelling state existing inside the forbidden gap, and the defect modes are compatible with the corresponding defect layer. As a result, the same kind of tunnelling modes corresponding to a certain defect layer could be tuned independently by changing the width of the defect layer. Moreover, altering the period number of self-similar defects could result in a change in the energy interval of the corresponding defect modes. This interesting phenomenon may be beneficial to further experimental studies on graphene-based electronic devices [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have theoretically calculated a tunable electron wave filter based on graphene superlattices with one-dimensional periodic potentials. It is found that such structure with defect layer possess an unusual tunneling state occurring inside the forbidden gap, and the tunneling state can be modulated by changing the width of the defect layer. We have also achieved independently tunable multichannel electron wave filters by constructing fractal structures. The modulation of the transmission gap by width, period number, and incidence angle may lead to potential applications in graphene-based electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The effectiveness of an elemental diet (ED) for preventing adverse events (AEs) during chemotherapy for patients with esophageal cancer (EC) remains unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to comprehensively assess the efficacy of ED for preventing AE in EC patients during chemotherapy. Medline (via PubMed), Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched to retrieve prospective and randomized studies published before April 12, 2023. The odds ratio (OR) of each AE was calculated using Review Manger 5.4.1. The risk of bias was assessed, and a random effect model-based meta-analysis was used to analyze the available data. Four prospective and randomized studies involving 237 patients were identified after a systematic search. Regarding gastrointestinal toxicities, the findings indicated a trend toward a decrease in the risk of mucositis (OM) (OR = 0.54, 95 % CI: 0.25-1.14), constipation (OR = 0.87, 95 % CI: 0.49-1.53), and anorexia (OR = 0.99, 95 % CI: 0.32-3.05), as well as an increasing trend in the risk of diarrhea (OR = 1.48, 95 % CI: 0.79-2.79), among patients treated with ED. However, none of these reached statistical significance. For hematological toxicities, the risk of all-grade neutropenia (OR = 0.28, 95 % CI: 0.14-0.57), grade ≥ 2 leucopenia (OR = 0.43, 95 % CI: 0.22-0.84), grade ≥ 2 neutropenia (OR = 0.34, 95 % CI: 0.17-0.67), and grade ≥ 3 neutropenia (OR = 0.28, 95 % CI: 0.12-0.63) was significantly decreased. There is no firm evidence confirming the preventive effect of an ED against OM or diarrhea. However, an ED may potentially be helpful in preventing neutropenia and leucopenia.

Objective: To analyze the correlation of ATO therapeutic dose with the relapse of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and to investigate the optimal dose and courses of ATO., Methods: The clinical data of 102 patients with APL from January 2008 to June 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical characteristics of APL patients in relapsed group and maintained remission group were compared. According to ATO dose in 2 years recommended in chinese guideline as criteria of grouping, the patients were divided into ATO high and low dose groups, then the relapse rate in groups was compared. The cut-off value of ATO dose was analyzed by ROC curve., Results: Univariate analysis showed that the relapse rate in high ATO and low ATO groups on 2 year treatment was 2.5% and 17.7% respectively (P<0.05); multiple variate analysis demonstrated that the ATO dose>22.4 mg/kg on 2 year treatment was independent preventive factor for the relapse of APL (OR=0.119, P<0.05). The ROC curve showed that the cut-off value of ATO dose on 2 year treatment was 8.765 mg/kg. The relapse rate of APL in group of ATO dose >8.765 mg/kg group was significantly lower than that in group of ATO dose <8.765 mg/kg., Conclusion: The relapse of APL relates with used ATO dose, sufficient use of ATO dose can decrease the relapse rate of APL.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, but its pathogenesis is still unclear. Recently a new approach has been used to develop Parkinsonian monkeys with unilateral intracerebroventricular injections of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP + ). However, this new method still has some shortcomings, which limits the potential application of MPTP-induced PD monkey models. In the present study, we aimed to develop a modified protocol to induce chronic Parkinsonian non-human primate model with low-dose MPP + by bilateral intracerebroventricular injections. The induced time of PD model, model stability, phenotypes and 99 Tc m -TRODAT-1 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) brain imaging of dopamine transporter were compared between unilateral and bilateral modeling groups. The results showed that PD symptoms in the bilateral modeling group were induced earlier, more serious, and lasted longer after the administration stage, compared with those of the unilateral modeling group. In the unilateral modeling group, radioactive uptake of the striatum was decreased significantly in the left side (MPP + injected side), but unaffected in the right side. While in the bilateral modeling group, the radioactive uptake of the bilateral striatum was declined dramatically and symmetrically. These results suggest that bilateral intracerebroventricular injection of MPP + is superior to unilateral intracerebroventricular injection in establishing chronic Parkinsonian non-human primate model and may supply a better animal model for PD research.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between peripheral white blood cell count and early death rate of the patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)., Methods: Through retrospective study, the relationship of early death rate in 116 cases newly diagnosed APL patients with maximum of peripheral blood white blood cell count should be analyzed before and after induction therapy as well as in the whole course of disease during the past 8 years., Results: There was a close relationship between the peripheral white blood cell count and the early death rate in APL patients. Peripheral blood white blood cell count in the early died patients was significantly higher than that of the survival patients (P<0.05). ROC analysis showed that the highest risk threshold of peripheral white cell count was 70×10 9 /L (P<0.05) before treatment, while the highest risk threshold after treatment and in the whole course of disease were 96.4×10 9 /L(P<0.05) and 91.5×10 9 /L(P<0.01) respectively. The dealth rate of patients with highest risk threshold was significantly increased (P<0.05)., Conclusion: The highest peripheral blood white blood cell count closely relates with the early death rate of patients at different time points in the whole course of disease. Control of peripheral white blood cell count may effectively reduce the early death rate of APL patients.

Objective To observe the changes of Chinese medicine (CM) symptoms, the distri- bution characteristics of CM syndromes, and related neuroendocrine levels in premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) patients. Methods Totally 3 541 female outpatients (18 -45 years old) were inter- viewed by clinical epidemiological questionnaire. According to PMDD diagnostic criteria in DSM-IV , PMDD patients' CM syndromes were identified. Their scores of main symptoms and CM symptoms of common CM syndromes were compared. Contents of 8 neuroendocrine indicators in serum were detected [5- hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) , adrenocorticotropic hormore (ACTH) , angiotensin-II (Ang-II ) , glucocorti- coid (GC), homocysteine (Hcy), melatonin (MLT), nitrogen monoxide (NO), neuropeptide Y (NPY)]. Results Totally 258 PMDD were detected in 3 541 female outpatients (18 -45 years old). The main syn- drome and common syndromes of PMDD patients were reversed invasion of Gan qi syndrome [40.3% (104/258)] and stagnation of Gan qi syndrome [34. 9% (90/258) ], followed by Gan stagnation Pi deficiency syndrome [7.8%(20/258)], Gan stagnation blood stasis syndrome [7.4% (19/258)], Gan stagnation induced fire hyperactivity syndrome [ 6.2% ( 16258 )], Gan stagnation Shen deficiency syndrome [3.1%(8/258)], and Pi-Shen yang deficiency syndrome [0.4%(1258)]. Compared with reversed invasion of Gan qi syndrome, emotional depression and low spirits were main symptoms of stagnation of Gan qi syndrome. Scores for the two symptoms increased (P <0.05). Compared with stagnation of Gan qi syn- drome, irritability, upset, abdominal distension, anxiety, headache, dizziness, insomnia, head distension, bitter mouth, unclear vision were main symptoms of reversed invasion of Gan qi syndrome. Scores for the 10 symptoms increased (P <0.05). Compared with stagnation of Gan qi syndrome, the Hcy level in serum obviously decreased in reversed invasion of Gan qi syndrome (P <0.05). There was no statistical difference in the rest indices (P >0. 05). Conclusions PMDD is closely related to Gan failing to maintain normal flow of qi. Reversed invasion of Gan qi syndrome and stagnation of Gan qi syndrome have different scientif- ic connotations and biological bases. So regulating Gan should be considered as the first choice.

We experimentally demonstrated a diode-pumped 587 fs ultrafast laser by using an a-cut Nd:CaYAlO 4 crystal. Pumped by an 808 nm fiber-coupled laser diode, a stable continuous-wave mode-locked ultrafast laser was achieved with a semiconductor saturable absorber. The ultrafast pulses had a repetition rate of 75 MHz at the center wavelength of 1080.8 nm. A maximum average output power of the mode-locked laser reached 375 mW delivering a slope efficiency of 9%.

Objective: To explore the effects of expression ways and traits of anger emotion on autonomic nerve in the emotion recovery stage., Methods: The 48 healthy undergraduate students were recruited as subjects, who were assigned to four groups, i.e., anger-out of high trait group, anger-in of high trait group, anger-out of low trait group, anger-in of low trait group, 12 in each group. The changes of autonomic nerve in emotion recovery stage [mainly including heart rate (HR), finger pulse volume (FPV), heart rate variability (HRV), and galvanic skin response (GSR)] were observed in an experimental paradigm processed dynamically by emotion induction (by watching movie clips) and emotion regulation (by phraseology chewing and regulating body reaction to anger)., Results: In the emotion recovery stage all increased data of vegetative reactions decreased in the four groups. The decrease extent of HR, FPV, and GSR was lower in the anger-in groups than that in the anger-out groups (P < 0.05). The HRV showed a decreasing trend, but with no statistical significance (P > 0.05). The decrease extent of HR was lower in the low-anger groups than in the high-anger group (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Both expression ways and traits of anger exerted influence on the autonomic nerve in the emotion recovery stage. The former influenced more broadly. The influence of anger-in on the autonomic nerve would be more sustainable.

Objective: To observe the effects of Jingqianping Granule (JG) on mRNA and protein expressions of mu opioid receptor in the parietal cortex and the frontal cortex, the hypothalamus and hippocampus of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) Gan-qi invasion rats., Methods: Twenty rats were selected to prepare the PMS Gan-qi invasion model. After modeling rats were divided into the model group and the Chinese herb treated group, ten in each group. Another 10 rats were selected as the normal control group. During the modeling, JG (1.6 g/kg) was given to rats in the Chinese herb treated group by gastrogavage, while equal volume of normal saline (1 mL/100 g) was given to rats in normal control group and the model group. All treatment was performed once daily for five successive days. The mRNA and protein expressions of mu opioid receptor in the parietal cortex and the frontal cortex, the hypothalamus and hippocampus were detected using RT-PCR and Western blot respectively., Results: Compared with the normal control group, the bands of products of MOR mRNA and protein in the parietal cortex and the frontal cortex were relatively weaker in the model group, and the optical density value decreased. The MOR mRNA and protein expressions in the parietal cortex and the frontal cortex relatively decreased. But the bands of products of MOR mRNA and protein in the hypothalamus and hippocampus were relatively stronger and optic value increased. The MOR mRNA and protein expressions in the hypothalamus and hippocampus relatively increased with statistical difference (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the bands of products of MOR mRNA and protein in the parietal cortex and the frontal cortex were relatively enhanced, the MOR mRNA expression in the parietal cortex increased, the MOR protein expression in the parietal cortex and the frontal cortex increased in the Chinese herb treated group. The bands of products of MOR mRNA and protein in the hypothalamus and hippocampus were relatively weaker. The MOR mRNA and protein expressions in the hypothalamus and hippocampus relatively decreased. The MOR protein expression in the hippocampus decreased relatively with statistical difference (P<0.01, P<0.05)., Conclusions: Expression of mu opioid receptor in brains of PMS Gan-qi invasion rats was regionally specific. Administration of JG showed corresponding regulatory effects.

Objective: To explore the central mechanisms of anger emotion and the effects of Chinese herbal medicines for regulating liver qi on the anger emotion and the expression level of 5-hydroxytryptamine 3B receptor (5-HT3BR) in rat hypothalamus., Methods: Rat models of anger-in or anger-out emotions were prepared by the methods of resident intruder paradigm. There were five groups in this study: control, anger-in model, Jingqianshu Granule-treated anger-in, anger-out model and Jingqianping Granule-treated anger-out groups. The treatment groups were orally given Jingqianshu granules and Jingqianping granules respectively, and the model groups and the normal control group were given sterile water. Open-field test and sucrose preference test were used to evaluate behavioristics of the rats. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot methods were used to detect the expression levels of 5-HT3BR mRNA and protein in the rat hypothalamus., Results: The expression of 5-HT3BR in hypothalamus of anger-in model rats increased obviously (P<0.01) and that of anger-out model rats decreased obviously (P<0.01) compared with the normal control group. Compared with the model group, the expressions of 5-HT3BR in the treatment groups were significantly improved (P<0.01) after treatment, and recovered to normal level., Conclusion: The anger-in stimulation obviously increases hypothalamic 5-HT3BR expression and the anger-out emotion can obviously reduce its expression. Chinese herbal medicines for regulating liver qi may treat anger emotion in rats by improving the hypothalamic 5-HT3BR protein and gene expression levels.

Aim: To investigate the effect of TNF on release of IL-6, IL-10 and histamine from mast cells and to explore its potential signal transduction pathway., Methods: After stimulation of various concentrations of TNF, the P815 cells were analyzed by cellular activation of signal ELISA(CASE) to detect phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and STAT3, and the supernatants were collected and analyzed by ELISA to quantify release of IL-6, IL-10 and histamine from the cells., Results: Compared with the untreated control, increased IL-6 release was detected in TNF-stimulated P815 cells (P<0.05). Pretreatment of PD98059 or U0126 inhibited TNF-induced IL-6 release and ERK phosphorylation in P815 cells (P<0.05), whereas pretreatment of SB203580 or AG490 hardly affect IL-6 release, with little effect on phosphorylation of p38 and STAT3 respectively., Conclusion: TNF induced IL-6 release from P815 cells may involve activation of ERK signalling pathway.

Objective: To develop an HPLC-ECD for the determination of monoamine transmitters in serum of macaque., Method: The analysis was carried out on a ZORBAX SB-C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) eluted with a mobile phase of methanol-water (18:82) at a flow rate of 0.9 mL x min(-1)., Result: The recoveries of NE, E, DA, 5-HT were 97.0%, 97.8%, 99.5%, 100.3%, RSD was 0.22%-0.93%, and the repeatability was good., Conclusion: The results prove that the method is simple, fast, accurate and can be used to determine simultaneously the concentration of monoamine transmitters in serum of macaque.