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Figure S1. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree of Holcoglossum based on the whole plastid genome except for one invert repeat region. Bootstrap support is indicated on the nodes. (PDF 171 kb)

Figure S3. Hairpin inversion of ycf2 in Orchidaceae. (PDF 316 kb)

Table S1. List of genes identified in the plastid genomes of Holcoglossum. (DOCX 26 kb)

Figure S5. Tandem repeat annotated to the whole plastid genome (with only one invert repeat region) alignment. The brown triangles represent the tandem repeat regions. (PDF 1013 kb)

Table S3. Detected positive selection sites in the plastid genes of TC clade Holcoglossum species. (DOCX 19 kb)

On November 10, 2016, China launched an X-ray pulsar navigation test satellite (XPNAV-1) to investigate the X-ray pulsar navigation technology, and a lot of scientific observation data have been obtained. The X-ray grazing incidence optics is a critical component of the focusing pulsar telescope. It plays an important role in increasing the effective area and enhancing the sensitivity of the telescope. It is also the first grazing incidence optics verified in orbit in China. According to the characteristic that the times of arrival (TOA) of X-ray photons are measured in pulsar navigation, the grazing incidence focusing optics based on single-reflection paraboloid mirror is designed, and manufacturable mirror design parameters are obtained through theoretical calculation and derivation. The theoretical effective area of the designed optics is 15.6 cm2 at 1 keV. The designed optics is then simulated to evaluate its focusing performance. It meets the focusing requirement in the full field of view. The electroforming nickel replication process used for manufacturing the mirrors for XMM-Newton and eRosita missions is investigated. A super-smooth mandrel is firstly fabricated and used for follow-up replication. An about-100 nm-thick gold layer is deposited on the mandrel, and serves as the reflection and release layer of the mirror. The nickel substrate of the mirror is electroformed on the gold layer. The mirror is finally obtained by releasing the nickel and gold layer from the mandrel. The patterns and roughness of the mandrel are then replicated onto the inner surface of the mirror. The 4-layered mirror is fabricated for the optics. The reflectivity for each layer of the 4-layered mirror is then measured with a dedicated facility on 4B7B beamline of BSRF. The effective area of the optics based on the above-measured reflectivity is 13.2 cm2 at 1 keV. Finally, according to the in-orbit observation data, the effective area of the optical system is evaluated to be a typical value of 4.22 cm2 at 1 keV, which is less than the ground-tested value. The reason for this is analyzed and it turns out to be due to the thermal deformation of mechanical structure and contamination of the mirrors. Therefore, in our future work, we will strictly control the environmental factors and implement space environmental adaptability design, while increasing the accuracy of the optics.

An efficient and sensitive analytical method based on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring (GC-MS-SIM) was developed and validated for analysis of cembranoids in flue-cured tobacco leaves. Extraction efficiency of different pretreatment methods including liquid-solid extraction (LSE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), Soxlet extraction and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) was compared and ASE was chosen as the optimal extraction method. During ASE procedure, effect of four parameters on extraction efficiency was considered and the experimental conditions were selected as follows: extraction solvent: dichloromethane; oven temperature: 50 °C; static time: 5 min and number of cycles: 2. Working standards of cembranoids were isolated by silica gel column chromatography and the identification was performed by mass spectrometry. Performance characteristics such as linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), precision and recovery were studied. The LOD and LOQ values were ranging from 5.0 × 10−3 to 6.9 × 10−3 μg/mL and 1.7 × 10−2 to 2.3 × 10−2 μg/mL for all analytes. At three different spiked levels, recoveries for CBT-ol, α-CBT-diol and β-CBT-diol were 94.6%-105.1%, 93.0%-97.2% and 88.7%-107.5% while the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were in the ranges of 3.9%-6.2%, 1.8%-8.7% and 1.7%-6.0%, respectively. The proposed analytical methodology was successfully applied in the analysis of cembranoids in tobacco samples.

A new glassy carbon electrode modified with novel calix[4]-arene derivative was prepared and then applied to the selective recognition of lead ion in aqueous media by cyclic and square wave voltammetry. A new anodic stripping peak at − 0.92 V (vs. Ag/Ag+) in square wave voltammogram can be obtained by scanning the potential from − 1.5 to − 0.6 V, of which the peak current is proportional to the concentration of Pb2+. The modified electrode in 0.1 mol/L HNO3 solution showed a linear voltammetric response in the range of 2.0 × 10–8–1.0 × 10–6 mol/L and a detection limit of 6.1 × 10–9 mol/L. In the modified glassy carbon electrode no significant interference occurred from alkali, alkaline and transition metal ions except Hg2+, Ag+ and Cu2+ ions, which can be eliminated by the addition of KSCN. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine lead in aqueous samples.