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Jie Zhang,1,* Jinghua Jiao,2,* Meng Niu,3,* Xiaotong Gao,4 Guisen Zhang,5 Honghua Yu,6,* Xiaohong Yang,6 Lei Liu6,7 1Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, 261041, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110024, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Radiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Retina, Inner Mongolia Chaoju Eye Hospital, Hohhot, 010050, People’s Republic of China; 6Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510120, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiaohong Yang; Lei Liu Email syyangxh@scut.edu.cn; liuleijiao@163.comAbstract: The complex drug delivery barrier in the eye reduces the bioavailability of many drugs, resulting in poor therapeutic effects. It is necessary to investigate new drugs through appropriate delivery routes and vehicles. Nanotechnology has utilized various nano-carriers to develop potential ocular drug delivery techniques that interact with the ocular mucosa, prolong the retention time of drugs in the eye, and increase permeability. Additionally, nano-carriers such as liposomes, nanoparticles, nano-suspensions, nano-micelles, and nano-emulsions have grown in popularity as an effective theranostic application to combat different microbial superbugs. In this review, we summarize the nano-carrier bas

Xiaoyan Bian,1,* Yuxia Guo,2,* Shixuan Guo,3,* Song Zhang,4,* Guisen Zhang,3 Lei Liu,4 Yajun Yang,5 Jun Liu6 1Department of Ocular Surface, Baotou Chaoju Eye Hospital, Baotou, 014060, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Cataract Surgery, Ninghai Eye Hospital, Ningbo, 315615, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Retina, Hohhot Chaoju Eye Hospital, Hohhot, 010050, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Cataract, Baotou Chaoju Eye Hospital, Baotou, 014060, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Ophthalmology, Changzhi People’s Hospital, Changzhi, 046000, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yajun YangDepartment of Cataract, Baotou Chaoju Eye Hospital, Baotou, 014060, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail yangyajun@chaojueye.comJun LiuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Changzhi People’s Hospital, Changzhi, 046000, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail yuanliu97@sina.comAim: To investigate the relationships between property of the visual quality, Strehl ratio (SR) and the degree of myopia.Methods: A total of 444 anatomically normal eyes of 222 adolescents were enrolled in the TYPE study. Based on spherical equivalent (SE), subjects were divided into four groups: emmetropia/control (SE: +0.75 to − 0.75 D), low myopia (SE: − 0.75 to − 3.00D), moderate myopia (SE: − 3.00 to − 5.00D), high myopia (SE: <− 5.00D). Axial length (AL) was measured. SR was attained with an OPD-III SCAN and calculated under a 3 mm pupil diameter.Results: The overall SR (mean ± SD) was 0.40 ± 0.08. Among all included eyes, the SR in eyes with the emmetropia, low myopia, moderate myopia and high myopia was 0.80 ± 0.11

Yajun Yang,1,* Guisen Zhang,2,* Song Zhang,3,* Xiaoyan Bian,1 Lao Qi,2 Shixuan Guo,2 Bozhou Zhang,1 Lei Liu4 1Cataract Department, Baotou Chaoju Eye Hospital, Baotou, 014060, People’s Republic of China; 2Retina Department, Hohhot Chaoju Eye Hospital, Hohhot, 010050, People’s Republic of China; 3Cataract Department, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Bozhou ZhangBaotou Chaoju Eye Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 014060, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail zhangbozhou@chaojueye.cnLei LiuThe First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail liuleijiao@163.comAim: To use OCTA to collect normative data describing the vascular perfusion of the macula and optic disc in adolescents.Methods: This cross-sectional, school-based study was conducted from Oct 15, 2019, to Nov 30, 2019, in Tuyou County, Baotou, China. All eligible participants underwent a comprehensive questionnaire and ocular examination. The vascular perfusion of the macula and optic disc was determined using a spectral-domain OCTA device.Results: A total of 570 anatomically normal eyes without a history of pathologic disease from 570 adolescents (mean ± SD age, 15.1 ± 1.9 years; 298 girls [52.3%]) were enrolled. In the macula, the mean ± SD perifoveal perfusion density (PD) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) was 44.2% ± 4.37% and 50.74% ± 3.98%, respectively. The mean ± SD foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was 0.32 mm2 ± 0.11 mm2. The mean ± SD peripapillary vessel density (PVD) was 54.98% ± 3.53%. The inferior hemi

Litong Yao,1,* Yifan Zhong,2,* Jingyang Wu,2 Guisen Zhang,3 Lei Chen,2 Peng Guan,4 Desheng Huang,4,5 Lei Liu2,6 1Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Hohhot Chao Ju Eye Hospital, Hohhot 010000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Mathematics, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Public Service, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Desheng HuangDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail dshuang@cmu.edu.cnLei LiuDepartment of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/fax +86-24-83282277Email liuleijiao@163.comBackground: Monitoring and prediction of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is necessary in patients with diabetes for early discovery and timely treatment of disease. We aimed to analyze the association between DR and biochemical and metabolic parameters, and develop a predictive model for DR.Methods: A total of 530 Chinese residents including 423 with type 2 diabetes (T2D) aged 18 years or older participated in this study. The association between DR and biochemical and metabolic parameters was analyzed by the univariate and multivariable logistic regression (MLR). According to the MLR results, we developed a back propagation artificial neur

Jingyang Wu,1 Yifan Zhong,1 Song Yue,1 Peng Guan,2 Guisen Zhang,3 Lei Liu,1 Lei Chen11Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Hohhot Chao Ju Eye Hospital, Hohhot 010000, People’s Republic of ChinaPurpose: Abnormal levels of lipid accumulation product (LAP) have been associated with risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. However, it is not clear whether LAP index is associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). We investigated the association between LAP index and DR in Chinese adults with diabetes.Patients and methods: We included 427 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes aged 18-year over who participated in a community-based cross-sectional study in Shenyang. DR was addressed on retinal photographs graded using the modified Airlie House classification. LAP was defined as (waist circumference [cm]–65) × (triglycerides [mmol/L]) in men, and (waist circumference [cm]–58) × (triglycerides [mmol/L]) in women and analyzed continuously (per SD change) and categorically (quartile 1, <30; quartile 2, 30–50; and quartile 3, >50).Results: Prevalence of DR among the study population was 17.8%. The mean level of LAP was 52.96±44.01. Compared to quartile 1 level, both quartile 2 and 3 levels were associated with DR with multivariable odds ratio (95% CI) of 0.23 (0.12–0.46) and 0.27 (0.14–0.54), respectively. These associations persisted when LAP was analyzed continuously (0.57 [0.35–0.92]).Conclusion: Higher central lipid accumulation in Chinese diabetics is related to the lower risk of DR, suggesting that LAP may be useful for identifying type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who are at risk for DR.Ke