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Objective To explore the chang and clinical significance of serum S-100 p protein and Neuron specific enolase (NES) concentratons in elderly patients with delirium after hip joint replacement. Methods One hundred eight ASA H ~ H patients of both sexes, aged 75 ~ 93 years, weighing 40~75kg underwent hip joint replacement under general anesthesia. PD was diagnosed by the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) . The incidence of PD was recorded within 48 h after operation. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the occurrence of PD within 48 h after operation: PD group and NPD group (n = 20 each) . Blood samples were taken at before anesthesia (T0) , durng their stay in PACU (T1), and at 24 and 48 h after operation (T2 , T3) for determination of serum S-100β protein and NSE concentratons. Results Compared with that at T0 and in NPD Group , the serum S-100β protein concentraton was significantly increased in PD group (p < 0.05) , While NSE did not. Conclusions Increase of the serum S-100β protein concentration can be used in predicting the development of PD in the elderly patients. The serum S-100 p protein concentraton can be used as a marker of PD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first time the computed mechanisms for the novel reaction of 2-naphthol with N-methyl- N-phenylhydrazine, leading to 1-amino-2-naphthol (Tang et al., J Am Chem Soc 2008, 130, 5840), have been investigated using the density functional theory. Four distinct possible pathways were evaluated: two amination mechanisms with the attack of NH2 group respectively at the α-position C1 and β-position C3 atoms of 2-naphthol (pathways 1 and 2) as well as two rearrangement processes with displacement of the phenolic hydroxyl group followed by the benzidine-like rearrangement at the α-position C1 and β-position C3 atoms of 2-naphthol, respectively (pathways 3 and 4). Solvent effect has been tested based on the optimized geometries of the stationary points in solution at the B3LYP/PCM/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory with an averaged dielectric constant of binary solvent. Single-point energies of the optimized structures have been calculated using three hybrid density functionals, B3LYP, MPW3LYP, and B3PW91 with the 6-311++G(3df,2p) basis set. Our computed results clearly manifest that pathway 1 (α-amination) has the highest possibility to occur, with the Gibbs free energies being lower by 6 to 20 kcal/mol compared with the other three pathways, which leads to 1-amino-2-naphthol and N-methylaniline as products. It is in excellent agreement with the experimental observation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The structural properties and iron–silica interaction of the precipitated iron catalysts incorporated with or without silica have been investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) with H2 consumption quantitative analysis. The Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) performances of the catalysts were carried out in a slurry-phase continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR). It was found that, for as-prepared samples, nano-particles of iron oxide mixtures (α- and/or γ-Fe2O3) formed on the silica-incorporated catalyst, whereas well-crystallized hematite (α-Fe2O3) is the only phase on the silica-free catalyst. After reduction in H2, the observed phase in the silica-free catalyst is α-Fe, whereas wüstite (Fe x O) and iron (II) silicate (Fe2SiO4) are the main phases in the silica-incorporated catalyst. In H2-TPR, the Fe3+ ions in the silica-incorporated catalyst are reduced to Fe (0) via Fe2+ ions as intermediate and the reduction extent of iron oxides obviously decreased comparing with the silica-free catalyst. The differences in structural properties and reduction behavior between the silica-free and the silica-incorporated catalysts may be due to the high dispersion effect of silica and the iron–silica interaction. The iron–silica interaction also decreases the FTS activity and improves the light hydrocarbon selectivity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective To compare the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine--sufentanil on intraoperative wake-up test in patients undergoing scoliosis surgery under analgesia with sufentanil. Methods Ninety ASA I patients, aged 13-18 yr, scheduled for scoliosis surgery, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 30 each) :control group (group C) and different doses of dexmedetomidine group (groups D1 and D2). Dexmedetomidine was intravenously infused at 0.2 and 0.3 µg/(kg ⋅ h)until the end of operation after a loading dose of 1.0 µg/kg over 15 min before induction of anesthesia in groups Dl~2, while the equal volume of normal saline was infused in group C. Anesthesia was induced with iv injection of sufentanil and etomidate. Tracheal intubation was facilitated with 0.15 mg/kg cisatracurium besylate and the patients were mechanically ventilated. Anesthesia was maintained with target-controlled infusion sufentanil and target-controlled inhalation sevoflurane. During intraoperative wake-up test, sufentanil was maintained with target-controlled effect-site concentration 0.1 ng/ml in three groups. Results Compared with group C, the consumption of sevoflurane was significantly shorter, the incidence of cardiovascular responses and bucking and/or restlessness of patients during intraoperative wake-up test was significantly shorter in groups D1~2; the intraoperative wake-up test time was significantly shorter in group D1 than in group D2 (P < 0.05). Conclusion When the dose of dexmedetomidine 0.2 µg/(kg ⋅ h), it may effectively inhibit the reaction to noxious stimulation and keep the stable of hemodymamics during intraoperative wake-up test in patients undergoing scoliosis surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Two model spherical iron catalysts (100Fe/0Al2O3 and 100Fe/15Al2O3) with free Cu and K promoters were prepared by the combination of co-precipitation and spray drying method for the application of slurry Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS). The effect of Fe–Al2O3 interaction on the reduction/carburization behavior in H2/CO/syngas, surface basicity and the change of phase structure were comparatively studied by means of H2 or CO temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), CO2 temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and Mössbauer effect spectroscopy (MES). The results showed that the catalyst incorporated with Al2O3 exhibits a strong Fe–Al2O3 interaction, which obviously weakens the surface basicity, stabilizes the FeO phase and inhibits the reduction of iron catalyst in H2 or syngas. Furthermore, Fe–Al2O3 interaction also restrains the carburization of iron catalyst in CO or syngas. In slurry FTS process, it was found that the strong Fe–Al2O3 interaction decreases the FTS activity and suppresses the water gas shift (WGS) reaction, but can stabilize the active sites of iron catalyst and improve its run stability. Due to the strong Fe–Al2O3 interaction, the weak surface basicity on the catalyst incorporated with Al2O3 greatly decreases the selectivity of heavy hydrocarbon products. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A systematic study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Al2O3/SiO2 ratio on reduction, carburization and catalytic behavior of iron-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts promoted with potassium and copper. The catalysts were characterized by N2 physical adsorption, CO2 temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), H2 temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and Mössbauer effect spectroscopy (MES). CO2-TPD indicated that Al2O3 binder has stronger acidity than SiO2 binder and weakens the surface basicity of the catalysts. H2-TPR profiles suggested that the lower Al2O3/SiO2 ratio promotes the reduction of Fe2O3→Fe3O4. With further increasing Al2O3/SiO2 ratio, the transformation of Fe2O3→Fe3O4 shifts to higher temperatures. The MES results showed that the increase of Al2O3/SiO2 ratio leads to the relatively large crystallite size of α-Fe2O3 and inhibits carburization of the catalyst. During reaction tests in a fixed bed reactor it was found that a maximum in catalyst activity is noted at the Al2O3/SiO2 ratio of 5/20 (weight basis). The selectivity to olefins shows a rapid decrease and the formations of methane and light hydrocarbons are promoted with increasing Al2O3/SiO2 ratio. The oxygenate selectivity in total products increases with increasing Al2O3/SiO2 ratio. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Hydrogen adsorption and storage on calcium-decorated BC2N sheets doped by Boron or Carbon were investigated using the first-principles calculations. Unlike the weak bond between Ca atoms and pristine BC2N, doping boron or carbon atoms on BC2N sheet can significantly strengthen the Ca atoms on the BC2N, especially for BC2NBC and BC2NCN. It is observed that Ca decorated BC2NBC and BC2NCN possess strong donation and back-donation of Ca with the sheets, which is responsible for enhanced binding energy to eliminate the clustering problem. Up to four hydrogen molecules can stably attach to a Ca atom with an average adsorption energy of ∼0.3 eV, which is in the range that permits hydrogen recycling at ambient conditions. The Ca decorated BC2NBC and BC2NCN complexes can work as high-capacity hydrogen storage materials with the practical usable capacities of 8.36 wt% and 8.38 wt%, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

To study the inhibitory effect of Glehniae Radix petroleum ether part on TGF-β1-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer A549 and its possible mechanism. With type Ⅱ epithelial cells of lung cancer A549 as the research object, the experiment was performed in 5 μg•L⁻¹ TGF-β1-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition model,and blank control group, model group and Glehniae Radix petroleum ether group were set up. MTT assay was carried out to detect the effect of petroleum ether extract of Glehniae Radix on the survival of A549 cells. A549 cells induced by TGF-β1(5 μg•L⁻¹) was intervened by different polar parts of Glehniae Radix, Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) was used to analyze mRNA expressions of the epithelial mesenchymal transition markers, such as ColⅠ,E-cadherin,Vimentin and α-SMA. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect hydroxyproline(HYP) level. The migration and invasion abilities of cells were detected through wound scratch assay. According to the experimental results, the petroleum ether extract of Glehniae Radix could inhibit the growth of A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with model group, Glehniae Radix petroleum ether part group could effectively inhibit mRNA expressions of ColⅠ,Vimentin and α-SMA, but improve expression of E-cadherin.Glehniae Radix petroleum ether part could reduce the content of hydroxyproline in cells and inhibit the migration of A549 cells.Therefore, the petroleum ether extract of Glehniae Radix can effectively inhibit the occurrence of epithelial mesenchymal transition induced by TGF-β1 induced alveolar epithelial cells, and Glehniae Radix petroleum ether part may be a potential drug for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The mechanism may be achieved through the regulation of ColⅠ, Vimentin, α-SMA and E-cadherin., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objectives: To investigate the effects of astilbin on the expressions of TNF alpha and IL-10 during liver warm ischemia-reperfusion injury., Methods: C57BL/ 6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8): sham-operated group (Sham), model control group(I/R), low dosage of astilbin treatment group (10 mg/kg) and high dosage of astilbin (40 mg/kg) treatment group. The treatment group mice were intraperitoneally injected with 10 or 40 mg/kg astilbin 24 hours and one hour before Ischemia, the hepatic ischemia-reperfusion model were thus established. After jn90 of min ischemia and 6 h reperfusion of the partial hepatic lobe, the expressions of TNF alpha and IL-10 in liver tissues collected from the experimental groups were detected by Western blot and semiquantitative RT-PCR., Results: The expression of TNF alpha protein in liver tissues gradually decreased in treatment groups (low and high dosages of astilbin treatment groups) as compared to the I/R model control group. Similar results were observed in the mRNA expressions of these genes as determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR (P less than 0.05 for low dosage group; P less than 0.01 for high dosage group). Compared with the I/R model control group, the expression of IL-10 was increased in both treatment groups (low dosage group P less than 0.05; large dosage group P less than 0.01)., Conclusion: Treatment with astilbin decreases TNF alpha expression but induces IL-10 expression in liver during warm ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Unlabelled: OBJECTIVE To study the effects of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) on respiratory system, circulatory system and renal function in rats. To investigate the difference between the direct measure and indirect measure methods (via inferior vena cava and bladder) for IAP., Methods: Sixty Sprague-Drawly (SD) rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with different IAP (IAP value of 1-5 groups was 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 mm Hg,respectively) and healthy control group, 10 rats in each group. The parameters of respiratory system, circulatory system, renal function, and IAP value were recorded. The correlation between direct and indirect measurement methods was also analyzed., Results: There were no significant differences in above parameters between IAPI and healthy control groups. Compared with those in healthy control group, PaO2 significantly decreased (P < 0.05), SCr and BUN increased significantly in IAP2 group (P < 0.05). Other indexes in IAP3, IAP4 groups increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) except for respiratory frequency(RF) and MAP (P > 0.05). PaO2 and MAP decreased (P < 0.01), and other indexes increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) in IAP5 group. The values obtained from the indirect measure method were positively correlated with that from the direct measure method (r = 0.937, 0.955, P < 0.01, respectively)., Conclusions: IAP can affect respiratory system, circulatory system and renal function in different degrees in rats. The indirect measure method can replace the direct measure method for IAP measure with little injuries.

The water-assisted hydrolysis mechanism of N,N-dimethyl-N'-(2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine) formamidine (MFA-3TC) with three water molecules was studied by use of computational techniques. Optimized structures for all of the stationary points in the gas phase were investigated using the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) method. Single-point energies were determined employing the ab initio MP2 method in conjunction with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Two possible pathways in the title reaction are considered, involving the attack of water molecule at first to the C(1)=N(1) double bond (path A) and the attack of water molecule at first to the C(1)-N(2) single bond (path B), respectively. A local microhydration model concerning three water molecules is adopted to mimic the system for the two reaction mechanisms above, where one water molecule is the nucleophilic reactant and the others are the auxiliary molecules. The calculated results indicate that the first steps in both pathways are the rate-limiting processes, and path A is more favorable than path B in the gas phase. In addition, bulk solvent effect is tested at the geometry optimization level by means of the conductor-like polarized continuum model (CPCM). Single-point computation was done at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level based on the geometries in the solution phase. Our results exhibit that the rate-limiting process in both pathways in water is the first step reaction, and path A is still favored. Two pathways are stepwise and slightly endothermic processes.