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Bulk crystal of α-BaTeMo2O9 with dimensions up to 90 × 38 × 27 mm3 was grown successfully by a top-seeded solution growth method. In the crystal growth process, a low cooling rate (0.1–0.5 °C/day) and dynamic adjustment of rotating speed were adopted in order to stabilize the metastable growth and improve the crystal quality. The crystal facets {002}, {010}, {201}, {111} are in good accordance with the predicted growth morphology based on the Bravais–Friedel and Donnay–Harker method. The complete sets of the dielectric, elastic, and piezoelectric constants of the α-BaTeMo2O9 crystals have been determined by means of the resonant technique and impedance analysis at room temperature. The results show that the α-BaTeMo2O9 crystal possesses much smaller piezoelectric constants (d31 = −1.8 pm/V, d15 = 4.9 pm/V, and d31 = 0.3 pm/V) than that of β-BaTeMo2O9. In addition, the structural distortions and dipole moments of α-BaTeMo2O9 and β-BaTeMo2O9 were analyzed and calculated to explain the obvious differences u...

Bulk semi-organic nonlinear optical (NLO) single-crystals of tri-diethylammonium hexachlorobismuthate (TDCB) with sizes up to 22 × 21 × 15 mm3 have been grown from concentrated hydrochloric acid by the slow-cooling method. TDCB crystallizes in the trigonal system, the R3c space group, with a = 14.699(4) A and c = 19.102(5) A. Its morphology has been indexed to reveal the major facets of the crystal to be {110} and {012}. Transmittance spectra of TDCB show an optical transmission in the entire visible region with the cutoff wavelength at 365 nm. The powder second harmonic generation (SHG) measured by using the Kurtz and Perry technique indicates that TDCB is a phase-matchable NLO material with a SHG efficiency of 1.8 times that of KH2PO4 (KDP). Its specific heat and thermal expansion were investigated as a function of temperature, and the relationship between the structure and the thermal properties has been discussed. Furthermore, laser-induced damage threshold measurements show a threshold up to 2.32 GW cm−2. All the results demonstrate that the semi-organic crystal TDCB is promising in NLO applications.

Single crystals of Bi2Mo2.66W0.34O12 with dimensions up to 70 mm × 55 mm × 45 mm were successfully grown using a top-seeded solution growth (TSSG) method with a MoO3–WO3 mixture as a flux. The material crystallizes in centrosymmetric space group P21/c (no. 14), with unit cell parameters of a = 7.7212(8) A, b = 11.4938(12) A, c = 11.9970(12) A, and β = 115.5070(10)°. The as-grown crystals exhibit {100}, {010}, {011}, {110}, {021}, {012}, {120}, {−111}, {−102}, and {1−1−2} facets, which are in good agreement with the predicted growth morphology based on the Bravais–Friedel and Donnay–Harker (BFDH) method. High-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) measurement on the (040)-faced plate shows that the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the rocking curve is 54′′, which indicates high crystal quality. Our measurements show that it melts congruently and exhibits a wide transmission range from 475 nm to 5200 nm. It is worth noting that Bi2Mo2.66W0.34O12 has a large birefringence (Δn = 0.24 at 480 nm), indicating that the crystal can be a promising polarizing optical material.

Single crystal LiInS2 (LIS) is a promising candidate for mid-infrared (MIR) frequency conversion to obtain MIR laser output. Large-sized LIS crystals with a diameter of 16 mm and a length of 50 mm were grown by the modified Bridgman method. The as-grown LIS crystals were annealed in different atmospheres, and the effects of annealing on the electrical and optical properties were studied in detail. The visible-near-infrared and MIR transmission spectra of the crystals were studied before and after annealing in different atmospheres. The experimental results indicate that the optimal annealing conditions for a grown crystal are to use an atmosphere of LIS vapor at 700 °C for 160 h. The electrical properties were investigated before and after annealing in the LIS vapor atmosphere. After proper postgrowth annealing, the quality of the crystal was significantly improved, which resulted in an increase in the damage threshold from 0.9 to 1.2 J/cm2.

A mid-infrared LiInSe 2 (LISe) single crystal was successfully grown by the modified vertical Bridgman technique with dimensions of about ∅12 mm×30 mm. A large amount of high purity polycrystalline LISe used for crystal growth was synthesized in one run by a novel two-step synthesis method. The thermal properties of the crystal were carefully investigated by measuring the melting point, specific heat, and thermal diffusivity, and deriving the thermal conductivity. The transmission spectrum showed that the 50% transmittance level extends from 0.65 to 12.6 μm. The excellent thermal conductivity and optical properties indicate that LISe is one of only a few promising candidates for high average power nanosecond OPOs pumped by ~1 μm lasers.

The generations of high energy 2nd- and 3rd-order stimulated Raman scattering lasers based on the α-BaTeMo 2 O 9 crystal were demonstrated for the first time. The Raman gain coefficient has been compared with that of the YVO 4 crystal. A maximum total Stokes radiation energy of 27.3 mJ was obtained, containing 20.1 mJ 2nd-order Stokes energy at 1318 nm, together with 7.2 mJ 3rd-order Stokes energy at 1497 nm, giving an overall conversion efficiency of 35.9% and a slope efficiency of 54.5%. With an optical coating design, a total 3rd- and 4th-order Stokes energy of 16.5 mJ was generated. The maximum energy for 4th-order Stokes radiation at 1731 nm was 2 mJ. The pulse durations for the 2nd-, 3rd-, and 4th-order Stokes shift were 10 ns, 8.6 ns, and 5.2 ns, respectively. Our experimental results show that the α-BTM crystal is a promising Raman crystal for the generations of eye-safe radiations.

We reported a compact α-BaTeMo2O9 Raman laser driven by a pulsed laser diode (LD) pumped Nd:YAG/ Cr4+:YAG laser for the first time. A maximum pulse energy of 1.07 mJ at 1177.8 nm was obtained with the absorbed LD pump energy of 10.63 mJ, giving an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 10% and a slope efficiency of 13.8%. The pulse output characteristic of the Raman laser was analyzed in detail.

Bulk TbCa4O(BO3)3 single crystals with diameter of 25 mm and length of 70 mm were successfully grown by the Czochralski (Cz) method for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The main problems of crystal growth were discussed and solved resulting in a high quality crystal. The crystalline perfection of the as-grown crystal was evaluated with full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the rocking curve being 35.05′′, and the optical homogeneity being 7.76 × 10−5. TbCa4O(BO3)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group Cm with unit cell parameters of a = 8.0715(7) A, b = 16.0000(15) A, c = 3.5454(3) A, and β = 101.2550(10)°. Several interesting phenomena of atom occupancy and structure distortion were observed and analysed. Furthermore, the hardness, density, absorption and transmission spectra were measured. The TbCOB crystal has a Mohs hardness value of 5.58, and it exhibits a high transparency ranging from 490 nm to 1500 nm.

A large single LiGa3Te5 (LGT) crystal was grown with size up to O16 mm × 50 mm for the first time using a modified vertical Bridgman–Stockbarger method. LGT crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric system, space group R32, with a = b = 14.343(7) A, c = 17.617 A, Z = 12, and V = 3139 A3. A detailed description of the polyhedral connections in the LGT structure is presented. The X-ray rocking curve, specific heat and thermal conductivity are also investigated. The room-temperature transmission of the as-grown LGT without any coating is above the 40% level from 3.5 to 18 μm. The cut-off edges at short and long wavelength are 0.9 and 25 μm, respectively. Owing to its wide transparency range, LGT is a promising candidate for MIR and far-infrared NLO applications, and even for THz transmission and generation.

The optical properties of the α/β-BaTeMo2O9 (α/β-BTM) crystal in the terahertz range were characterized by the terahertz time domain spectroscopy (TDS) system. Frequency-dependent refractive indices and absorption coefficients of two crystals were measured from 0.2 to 2 THz, and discussions and comparisons were made on birefringence, absorption and phonon modes by referring to their structures. The Sellmeier equations for both crystals were also fitted in their transparent ranges. Based on the mode properties and parameters, a feasible scheme for terahertz generation via stimulated polariton scattering (SPS) with β-BTM was proposed and the angle tuning characteristics were calculated. Simulations show that β-BTM has great potential and should be more advantageous than LiNbO3 in generating high-frequency terahertz waves.

An eye-safe Raman laser is realized with BaTeMo2O9 (BTM) nonlinear crystal for the first time. By using a diode-end-pumped acousto-optically Q-switched Nd:YVO4 laser as the pumping source, the BTM crystal converts the fundamental laser at 1,342 nm to first-Stokes laser at 1,531 nm successfully. With an incident power of 10.8 W and a pulse repetition rate of 25 kHz, the average output power at 1,531 nm is obtained to be 0.83 W, corresponding to a diode-to-Stokes conversion efficiency of 7.7 %. The pulse width is 11 ns, and the peak power is 3.0 kW.

The mid-infrared nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal, LiInS 2 , was successfully grown by the modified Bridgman method with an accelerated crucible rotation technique (ACRT). Spectral properties such as UV–vis-NIR and the mid-IR transmittance of LiInS 2 have been investigated. First-principles study of the electronic structure and optical properties (dielectric function and refractive index) of LiInS 2 has been performed by density function theory. The band structure shows that LiInS 2 has a direct band gap of 3.21 eV. The calculated total and partial density of states indicate that the S-3p states mainly form the upper VBs, while the lower VBs are derived from the In-4d and S-3s states. The CBs are created by the S-3p, In-5s and In-5p states. The deep VBs lying at −43.2 eV originate mostly from Li-1s states. The charge density contours indicate that the bonds between the In and S atoms are covalent and that those between the Li and S atoms are ionic. This characteristic of the chemical bonding in LiInS 2 also indicated from the Mulliken population analysis.

LiInS 2 is known as a multi-functional noncentrosymmetric (NCS) crystal. LiInS 2 crystal with diameter of 12 mm was successfully grown by the modified Bridgman method. We report the full set of elastic, dielectric and piezoelectric constants of LiInS 2 crystal by resonance technique and impedance analysis. Our results indicate that the LiInS 2 crystal has good piezoelectric properties ( d 24 =−13.3 pC/N, d 33 =9.6 pC/N). The origin of the piezoelectric properties of LiInS 2 crystal is analyzed based on the crystallographic aspect of its polar structure. It is found that the elastic constants s 44 and s 66 of the LiInS 2 crystals have slight variations with temperature. The results suggest that the LiInS 2 crystal is a promising candidate for piezoelectric applications.

BaTeMo2O9 (BTM) single crystal, as a lead-free piezoelectric material, belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21. We report the temperature dependence of the elastic constants by the transmission method over the range -50°C to 150°C. The first-order temperature coefficients of the elastic constant s44 is about 180 × 10-6/°C. Piezoelectric resonators based on BTM crystal using the thickness-stretching vibration and the shear vibration modes were designed and evaluated, which eliminated or minimized the influence of the off-principal axis coefficients. The Qm of one of the resonators is about 600. Our results show that the elastic constants have good temperature stability, and the resonators have already met the requirements for some piezoelectric applications. This study on the BTM crystal has revealed the application for the low-symmetry crystal.

Centimeter size crystals of the second-order nonlinear optical and polar oxide Na2TeW2O9 (NTW) have been grown by the top-seeded solution growth method. The specific heat, anisotropic thermal expan...

Single crystals of the polar hexagonal tungsten oxide (HTO) material Cs2TeMo3O12 with dimensions up to 20 × 20 × 16 mm3 were grown successfully through a top-seeded solution growth (TSSG) method using a TeO2−MoO3 mixture as a self-flux. The Cs2TeMo3O12 crystals grown from a solution with a low concentration exhibit {0002}, {1010}, and {1011} facets, which are in good accordance with the predicted growth morphology based upon the Bravais−Friedel and Donnay−Harker (BFDH) methods. However, the crystals grown from solution with a high concentration show additional {1012} facets, which are not predicted. Crystals grown by using the [0001]-oriented seed have more regular shapes as compared with those grown by using the [2110]-oriented seed. Cs2TeMo3O12 crystallizes in the polar hexagonal space group P63 (no. 173). The result of the high-resolution X-ray diffraction indicates that the full-width at half-maximum (fwhm) of the rocking curve is 18.96′′. Thermal analysis and powder X-ray diffraction demonstra...

Single crystals of the nonlinear optical material, l-arginine bis(trifluoroacetate), with dimensions of 32 × 21 × 4 mm3 were grown by the temperature-lowering method from its aqueous solution. The crystal structure was determined using X-ray single-crystal diffraction at 93 K. X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopic investigations were used to characterize the grown crystal. Morphological analysis reveals that the crystal is a rhombohedron with the major forms of (001), (101), and (100). UV−visible−NIR absorption spectrum and second harmonic generation were investigated to explore its characteristic optical features. Thermogravimetric (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), derivative thermogravimetric (DTG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies were carried out to characterize the thermal behaviors of the grown crystals. In addition, the specific heat at low temperature and thermal expansion coefficients along the principal axes were determined. I...

A new nonlinear optical crystal BaTeMo2O9 was grown from the TeO2−MoO3 flux system with sufficient size (30 × 23 × 18 mm3) and optical quality that allowed the characterization of its properties. It crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetrical system, space group P21 (no. 4), with a = 5.5346 A, b = 7.4562 A, c = 8.8342 A, and β = 90.897°. The as-grown BaTeMo2O9 crystal has well-developed faces with the major forms {100}, {001}, {011}, and {011}. The transmission spectra results suggest that it can transmit well from 0.5 to 5.0 µm. The refractive indices were also measured. The smaller refractive indices nx and ny are in the ac-plane, and the largest refractive index nz polarization direction is parallel to the crystallographic b-axis.

The linear and nonlinear optical properties of TbCa4O(BO3)3 (abbreviated as TbCOB) single crystals were investigated for the first time. The refractive indices of TbCOB at several wavelengths were measured by using the minimum deviation method and the parameters of Sellmeier’s dispersion equation were determined from the experimental data. The complete set of six second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) coefficients of TbCOB single crystals were obtained using the Maker fringe (FM) technique, with the largest d32 being on the order of 1.65 pm/V. Moreover, the phase-matching (PM) configurations of second-order harmonic generation (SHG) in the principal planes were calculated, and the largest effective NLO coefficient is deff = 0.86 pm/V along (22.56°, 180°) PM direction. The SHG conversion efficiency from 1064 nm to 532 nm of 8 mm long crystal samples without AR coating along this direction was achieved 57.1% at 28.2 mW input power, and it has a small walk-off angle of 13.8 mrad. In addition, the comparison and discussion with GdCOB and YCOB were carried out.

The high efficiency acousto-optic modulators become indispensable in photonics and optoelectronics for the pulse generation and signal modulation in optical display and telecommunications. In this paper, the validity and feasibility of the biaxial crystals as acousto-optic mediums have been theoretically analyzed and confirmed by experiments using a biaxial crystal of β-BaTeMo2O9. The diffraction angle and diffraction efficiency of the β-BaTeMo2O9 acousto-optic Q-switch are determined to be 1.420° and 78.1%, which are comparable with that of TeO2 acousto-optic modulator at the identical operating wavelength of 1064 nm and 100 MHz, respectively. The minimum of the modulated pulse width can be achieved to be 6 ns at 5 kHz with Nd:YVO4 as the gain medium. The results not only provide an excellent acousto-optic medium, but also explore the field of biaxial acousto-optic medium for device fabrications.

Mid-infrared (MIR) nonlinear optical crystals of LiInSesub2/sub(LISe) were grown by a modified Bridgman technique on a (001)-seed. A 7-12 μm widely tunable picosecond (ps) MIR optical parametric amplifier (OPA) based on a LISe crystal was demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The MIR OPA was pumped by a 30 ps 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser and injected by a KTiOPOsub4/sub(KTP)-based widely tunable near-infrared seed. The idler operating at 7.5 μm with the highest pulse energy of 170 μJ was obtained under a pump energy of 14 mJ. The corresponding energy conversion efficiency is ∼1.21%, and the photon conversion efficiency is 8.6%. The output energies were measured to be ∼121 μJ at 7 μm and ∼21 μJ at 12 μm.

The bulk single crystals of L-alanine with high optical quality have been grown by slow cooling of the aqueous solution. Pumped by a picosecond 532 nm laser source, a lasing from the first-order Raman shift at 633 nm is obtained.

Electroluminescent (EL) properties of 6, 6 ⁗ -dimethyl-4 ′ ,4 ‴ -diphenyl-2,2 ′ :6 ′ ,2 ″ :6 ″ ,2 ‴ : 6 ‴ ,2 ⁗ -quinquepyridine (DMDPQPY) have been examined. The EL results of typical single layer devices indicate that emitting layer thickness can influence the emission wavelength. The introduction of a hole transporting layer in the double layer device enhances the luminance greatly, showing a better charge balance. It is proposed that 2,6-linked poly(oligo) pyridine derivatives are promising to form a new class of EL material both as emitter and as carrier transporter.

BaTeMo(2)O(9) (BTM) single crystal, as a lead-free piezoelectric material, belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P2(1). We report the temperature dependence of the elastic constants by the transmission method over the range -50°C to 150°C. The first-order temperature coefficients of the elastic constant s(44) is about 180 × 10(-6)/°C. Piezoelectric resonators based on BTM crystal using the thickness-stretching vibration and the shear vibration modes were designed and evaluated, which eliminated or minimized the influence of the off-principal axis coefficients. The Q(m) of one of the resonators is about 600. Our results show that the elastic constants have good temperature stability, and the resonators have already met the requirements for some piezoelectric applications. This study on the BTM crystal has revealed the application for the low-symmetry crystal.

We will report the crystal growth, the phase relationship, linear and nonlinear optical properties, stimulated Raman scattering and self -Raman frequency doubling properties of two new nonlinear optical crystals : monoclinic BaTeMo2O9 (β-BTM) and orthorhombic BaTeMo2O9 (α-BTM).

We report the linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of a polar crystal Cs2TeW3O12 (CTW). The second-order NLO coefficients were determined by Maker Fringe (MF) techniques for the first time. CTW belong to hexagonal system with point group P63, the two independent NLO coefficients of d32 and d33 were determined to be 6.2 and 4.3 pm/V, respectively. CTW can realize phase-matching (PM) and in the direction of θ = 39.6° the effective NLO coefficient is 4.0 pm/V at 1064 nm. To illustrate the good NLO properties of CTW, the distortions of polyhedron structures were also discussed in detail.

The electro-optic (EO) property of hexagonal Cs2TeMo3O12 (CTM) crystal is studied with interference technique at 632.8 nm. Both the value and sign of the EO coefficients have been obtained and confirmed. The largest EO coefficient is 10.4 pm/V for r33 due to its structure distortion along c-axis. The transverse effective EO effect of r33 and the half-wave voltage are calculated to be 11.08 pm/V and 5200 V at 1064 nm, respectively. The experimental results show that CTM can be one of promising candidates for the EO applications, especially in the mid-infrared region.

The complete set of second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) coefficients of Cs2TeMo3O12 single crystals were obtained using the Maker Fringe techniques. The NLO coefficients d32 and d33 were measured to be on the order of 6.8 and 6.5 pm/V, respectively. Irradiated by 1064 nm laser, the crystal is phase-matchable, and its effective nonlinear coefficient is 4.6 pm/V for type I phase matching at θ = 42.7°. The relationship between the second-order nonlinear properties and the crystal structure is also discussed. Considering its wide transmission range, phase matching, and large effective NLO coefficient, Cs2TeMo3O12 is a good candidate for IR NLO application.

An efficient eye-safe laser source at 1500 nm based on a novel Raman crystal BaTeMo2O9 (BTM) is demonstrated for the first time. The laser source was generated with a third order Stokes shift at 921.3 cm−1 pumped by a Nd:YAG laser. With a pump pulse energy of 60 mJ, a maximum output pulse energy of 11.86 mJ at 1500 nm is obtained, corresponding to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 19.8%. It is believed that BTM crystal would be a promising material for high pulse energy eye-safe laser generation.

The second and third Stokes simultaneous dual-wavelength laser operation at 1320 and 1500 nm based on β-BaTeMo2O9 (β-BTM) crystal was demonstrated. Using an external resonator with a plane–plane configuration, the laser possessed a threshold of 40 MW/cm2 at 1064 nm. Maximum output energies of 10.86 mJ (second Stokes) and 9.06 mJ (third Stokes) were obtained at a pump energy of 60 mJ using an output mirror with a transmittance of 44% at 1320 nm. The optical conversion efficiencies from the pump laser to the second and third Stokes lasers were about 18.1 and 15.1%, respectively.

A diode-end-pumped passively Q-switched intracavity Raman laser at 1179 nm is obtained with the BaTeMo2O9 nonlinear Raman crystal for the first time. With an incident pump power of 12.3 W, the average output power of 1179 nm is obtained to be 0.41 W. The pulse repetition rate is measured to be 24 kHz and the pulse width is 5.2 ns. The beam quality factors (M2) in the horizontal and vertical directions are determined to be 1.5±0.1 and 2.0±0.1, respectively.

We demonstrated the spontaneous Raman spectra of α-BaTeMo2O9 (α-BTM) single crystals along the Z-axis and the performance of a stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) laser at 1178 nm based on the bulk α-BTM crystals for the first time. The maximum output pulse energy for the first-order Stokes wavelength of 1178 nm was 15.1 mJ at the pump pulse energy of 48 mJ, corresponding to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 31.5% and a slope efficiency of 39.6%. Our results indicated that this crystal could be used as an excellent near-infrared Raman medium. In particular, the wide transmittance band (0.3–5.5 µm) allowed it to be a potential useful nonlinear crystal in visible and mid-infrared Raman frequency conversion processes.

The complete sets of dielectric, elastic, and piezoelectric constants of Cs2TeMo3O12 crystals at room temperature were determined by means of the resonant technique and impedance analysis. The piezoelectric strain constants d33 and d15 were on the order of 20.3 and 29.2 pC/N, respectively, with the electromechanical coupling coefficients being k33 = 36.6% and k15 = 14.3%. Moreover, temperature dependence of the electro-elastic coefficients was measured in the range of 0–150 °C, where the elastic constant s44 was found to possess relatively low temperature coefficient (Ts44(1) = 77 × 10−6/ °C), and the variations of d33 and k33 were less than 3.5% and 1.0%, respectively.

In this paper spontaneous Raman spectra of monoclinic single crystals of BaTeMo2O9 (BTM) along the Z axis has been characterized, and a highly efficient stimulated Raman scattering laser operating at 1178 nm has been realized based on the BTM crystal. The Raman resonator possesses a threshold of 28 MW/cm2 at 1064 nm and a maximum output pulse energy of 19.2 mJ for the first-order Stokes with an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 48% and a slope efficiency of 61.2%. The largest optical-to-optical conversion efficiency can reach 50.4% at a pump energy of 28.8 mJ. Our experimental results demonstrate that BTM can be used as an excellent near and mid-infrared Raman laser material.

The second order nonlinear optical properties of BaTeMo2O9 were studied by means of Maker fringe technology and the phase matching method. The value and relative sign of the second order nonlinear optical coefficients were obtained, with the largest being d31 = 9.88 pm/V. At 1064 nm, the crystal can support noncritical phase-matching, and the effective nonlinear coefficient is 10.3 pm/V for phase matching II at (90°, 62.8°) in the x0y plane. The relation between the second order nonlinear properties and the crystal structure is also discussed. All the results show that BaTeMo2O9 is a good candidate for nonlinear optical applications.

The electro-optic (EO) properties of monoclinic BaTeMo2O9 (BTM) single crystals are studied using the interference technique by applying the external electric field. The measured room temperature free EO coefficients at 632.8 nm are 10.2 and 9.0 pm/V for γ12 and γ41, respectively. The EO effect (−12ni3γijE) of BTM is about three times as high as that of KH2PO4 (KDP) crystal, which makes it a very promising candidate for the EO applications.

BaTeMo2O9 is a noncentrosymmetric single crystal for nonlinear optical applications. In this letter, we report complete set of elastic, dielectric, and piezoelectric constants of BaTeMo2O9 single crystal determined by resonance technique and impedance analysis, the relative constants have been obtained and discussed. Our results show that BaTeMo2O9 crystal has excellent piezoelectric property (d34=30.25pC∕N, s44=36.46pm2∕N) and could be a promising candidate for piezoelectric applications.