Search

This study seeks to investigate and understand the perceptions of and lifestyle changes adopted by healthcare workers (HCWs) in Turkey who were on the front line of the fight against the outbreak of COVID-19. A total of 33 female HCWs with bachelor’s degrees were included in the study. In-depth interview techniques were used. The data analysis was performed with MAXQDA 2020 qualitative data analysis package program. The female HCWs perceived COVID-19 as rapidly contagious, deadly, dangerous, and long-term. Their perception as to the cause of the outbreak was akin to conspiracy thoughts such as bioweapon. In addition, the study determined that social media was the preferred medium for getting news because the news given in the traditional media was not trusted. It was seen that the attitude of participants regarding the preventive measures was in line with the recommendations of international organizations. In terms of lifestyle changes, for example, the dietary habits and physical activity levels of all the HCW participants, changed and online environments were used for communication/socialization. Those HCW participants who smoked, stated that smoking increased the risk and severity of COVID-19, and they declared an increase in the amount of their use. Those HCW participants who consumed alcohol, reported that alcohol consumption increased during the period of the outbreak in order to maintain socialization and relaxation. Those HCW participants who did not smoke or drink alcohol mentioned that they did not intend to start. This study contributes to an understanding of the impact on HCWs of significant health events especially in terms of their perceptions of and their lifestyle changes as a result of such health events.

Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an essential cause of hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis C virus is a global public health problem. “Field practice” in patients with HCV infection is significant for directly observing treatment responses with antiviral agents. Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in Kayseri City Hospital. Materials and Methods: Our retrospective observational study, conducted at a single center, evaluated HCV-RNA-positive patients who were genotyped between January 2019 and April 2023. Demographic characteristics, laboratory values, treatment agents, and HCV genotypes of the patients were recorded using the hospital information system. The primary endpoint of the study was the sustained virological response 12 weeks after treatment. Results: In our five-year study involving 177 patients, the average age was 60.6, and 55.4% (n=98) of the participants were male. Genotype 1b was the most common at 51.8%, followed by genotype 4 at 19.2%. Additionally, six of 11 Syrian patients were identified as genotype 3. The glecaprevir/pibrentasvir combination was administered to 91.5% of the patients, while the sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir combination was started in 8.5% (n=15). A total of 6.2% of the patients had prior treatment experience. At week 12, all patients exhibited negative HCV-RNA levels, resulting in a 100% treatment success rate. Conclusion: These two DAAs currently used in HCV infection were highly effective. The prevalence of genotype 4 in our region was higher than the national HCV genotype distribution.

Masdariyecizāde Hüseyin Efendi, one of the lecturers at Mühendishāne-i Berrī-i Hümāyūn (The Imperial School of Military Engineering), wrote a treatise in h.1238/c.1822 on the ancient problem of trisecting an angle smaller than ninety degrees using Euclidean geometry. This famous problem has its roots in the ancient Greek. The treatise contains an assumed solution to the problem by using tools of Euclidean geometry, a straightedge (an unmarked ruler) and a compass. The proof is recorded under the signatures indicating the approval of the engineering faculty. The available academic literature on this treatise generally contains comments denigrating the work, the author and the scholarly environment of the period based on the claim that it had already been proven at the time Hüseyin Efendi published his treatise, that a positive result could not be reached with the limited tools used in the solution. All this contemporary research is originated from a sole source, Salih Zeki Bey’s articles on the subject written a century ago, the accuracy of which is debatable in terms of its contents. This study focuses on the claims based on this common source as well as the history of the solution to the problem, and thus provides a correction to the erroneous information on the subject.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, son kilometre koli teslimatı alanıyla ilgili sistematik bir literatür taraması gerçekleştirmek ve literatürde yer alan yükselen eğilim ve teknolojilere bir bakış açısı sunmaktır. Yöntem: Çalışma kapsamında sistematik bir literatür taraması gerçekleştirilerek tanımlayıcı analizler gerçekleştirilmiş ve son kilometre koli teslimatı yazını kapsamında literatürde yer verilen yeni iş modelleri, yükselen eğilim ve teknolojiler belirlenerek gruplanmış; detaylı bir şekilde açıklanarak tanıtılmış ve her birinin sağladığı potansiyel faydalar ifade edilmiştir. Bulgular: İlgili literatür taramasının analizlerinde son kilometre koli teslimatı kavramıyla ilgili yayın sayısında önemli bir artış görülmektedir. Çalışmaların büyük çoğunluğu, nicel teknikleri uygulamaktadır. Literatür taraması neticesinde, en çok yayın yapılan dergiler ve dergilerin etki faktörlerine de yer verilmiştir. Üç gruba ayrılan ve alt başlıklarıyla detaylandırılan eğilim ve teknolojiler ise teknoloji odaklı teslimat seçenekleri, çevre dostu teslimat uygulamaları ve yeni iş modelleridir. Özgünlük: Bilinebildiği kadarıyla bu çalışma, son kilometre koli teslimatı alanında bu kadar detaylı incelenen ilk Türkçe literatür taramasıdır.

Purpose – This paper aims to explain the effects of color, lighting, and music as store environment cues on the perceptions among consumers of store personality, store image, and on their own store preferences. Design/Methodology/Approach – An experimental approach was employed to determine these effects, using a between-subjects factorial design including two levels of color, lighting, and music. The data were collected from 600 participants through face-to-face surveys. A video design of a fictional store environment was shown to the subjects and survey questions were applied to eight different experimental groups by providing manipulation control. Results and implications – The results demonstrate that consumer perceptions of store image, store personality, and store preferences differ with changing color, lighting, and music variables. Additionally, these variables differ in their interactions with each other and in their total interactions. Limitations – While the present study sheds light on the influence of color, lighting, and music cues of the fashion store environment on consumer perceptions of store personality and image, as well as their store preferences, interactions between store environment cues and other attributes in stores should also be explored. Originality – This study examines the impact of store environment variables in their different aspects on consumer perceptions of store image and store personality, as well as consumer store preferences, by focusing on Mehrabian and Russell’s (1974) Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model as its theoretical background.

The article explores education outcomes for those receiving training in patient priorities aligned care. The authors report on developing an interactive, virtual training for fellows in geriatric medicine, geriatric psychiatry, palliative care, internal medicine and geriatric pharmacy students studying at the Yale School of Medicine, the Baylor College of Medicine and the Mountain Area Health Education Center. Discussion and results of the project are also offered.

Objective: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by thrombocytopenia caused by the formation of antibodies against platelets. Mucosa-associated invariant T cells (MAIT), a subset of unconventional T cells present in the blood and mucosa, are activated in an MR-1-mediated manner, respond to certain infections and cytokines and produce various effector cytokines. Case report: In this study, changes in blood MAIT cells were investigated in pediatric ITP patients who received and did not receive Eltrombopag. Twenty healthy volunteers (n:20), 60 untreated, and 16 treated patients (with Eltrombopag) were included in the study. Methodology: PBMCs isolated using the Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient were stained with appropriate surface markers and subjected to flow cytometric analysis. In addition, intracellular cytokine staining was performed to measure the level of IFN-γ, IL17A, IL-22, TNF-α cytokines after PMA/Ionomycin stimulation, and all data were analyzed using FlowJo and GraphPad 8. Results: Independent of Eltrombopag treatment, MAIT cell absolute counts were decreased in ITP patients. CD45RO levels of the CD8+MAIT subtype increased, αβ+ T cells decreased, and γδ+ T cell frequency increased in ITP patients. In patients, the frequency of MAIT cell-derived IFN-γ and TNF-α decreased, MR-1 expression, which is responsible for MAIT cell activation in the CD3−fraction, increased, and this level decreased to the levels in healthy controls in individuals receiving Eltrombopag treatment. Conclusion: The low HLA-DR levels seen in CD3- cells in ITP patients reached the levels of healthy controls in the group receiving Eltrombopag. These results show that the number and activation status of MAIT cells in ITP patients change and Eltrombopag treatment modulates MAIT cell activity.

Objectives: The objectives of this retrospective study are to measure the amount of the alveolar crest cortication and cortication around the mandibular canal, and to evaluate bone density values of alveolar crest, cortication around mandibular canal, and possible implant placement area for edentulous sites. Material and Methods: Six hundred forty-two cone-beam computed tomography scans from 642 subjects were evaluated in four centers. Cortical thicknesses of alveolar crest and mandibular canal cortical borders (buccal, lingual, apical, and coronal) in each mandibular posterior teeth region were measured. Bone density of alveolar crest and mandibular canal cortical borders (buccal, lingual, apical, and coronal) in each mandibular posterior teeth region were recorded. The correlations between numeric variables were investigated using Pearson’s correlation test. Results: The largest cortical border of the canal was measured 1.1 (SD 0.71) mm at the left second molar area and in coronal side of the mandibular canal (MC). Left and right first premolar regions showed higher bone density values compared to the other sites in all bone density values evaluations. The buccal side of the canal at the right first premolar region showed the highest bone density values (832.32 [SD 350.01]) while the coronal side of the canal at the left second molar region showed the lowest (508.75 [SD 225.47]). The bone density of possible implant placement area at the both left (692.25 [SD 238.25]) and right (604.43 [SD 240.92]) edentulous first premolar showed the highest values. Positive correlations between the bone density values of alveolar crest and the coronal side of MC were found in molar and left second premolar regions (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Results may provide information about the amount of cortication and bone densities tooth by tooth for posterior mandible to surgeons for planning the treatment precisely.

Objective: Nutritional status assessment, dysphagia evaluation and enteral feeding decision are important determinants of prognosis in acute neurovascular diseases. Materials and Methods: NöroTek is a point prevalence study conducted with the participation of 87 hospitals spread across all health sub regions of Turkey conducted on 10-May-2018 (World Stroke Awareness Day). A total of 972 hospitalized neurovascular patients [female: 53%, age: 69+-14; acute ischemic stroke in 845; intracerebral hematoma (ICH) in 119 and post-resuscitation encephalopathy (PRE) in 8] with complete data were included in this sub-study. Results: Gastrostomy was inserted in 10.7% of the patients with ischemic stroke, 10.1% of the patients with ICH and in 50% of the patients with PRE. Independent predictors of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) administration were The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission [exp (β): 1.09 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.14, per point] in ischemic stroke; and mechanical ventilation in ischemic [exp (β): 6.18 (95% CI: 3.16-12.09)] and hemorrhagic strokes [exp (β): 26.48 (95% CI: 1.36-515.8)]. PEG was found to be a significant negative indicator of favorable (modified Rankin's scale score 0-2) functional outcome [exp (β): 0.032 (95% CI: 0.004-0.251)] but not of in-hospital mortality [exp (β): 1.731 (95% CI: 0.785-3.829)]. Nutritional and swallowing assessments were performed in approximately two-thirds of patients. Of the nutritional assessments 69% and 76% of dysphagia assessments were completed within the first 2 days. Tube feeding was performed in 39% of the patients. In 83.5% of them, tube was inserted in the first 2 days; 28% of the patients with feeding tube had PEG later. Conclusion: The NöroTek study provided the first reliable and large-scale data on key quality metrics of nutrition practice in acute stroke in Turkey. In terms of being economical and accurate it makes sense to use the point prevalence method.

Aims:Debate over the optimal timing of oocyte denudation following oocyte retrieval continues. Multinucleation has been associated with lower embryo quality and implantation rate. Defining oocyte characteristics might increase the chances of better embryo selection. This study aimed to investigate the laboratory and clinical outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection when the oocytes were denuded immediately after oocyte retrieval.Methods:A prospective randomized sibling-oocyte study was performed. The participants were under 40 years of age with more than 5 oocytes. Patients with male factors were excluded. The study and control groups were formed by simple randomization. The study group underwent oocyte denudation immediately. In the control group, oocytes were routinely incubated in an equilibration solution for 2 h until the removal of the cumulus cells. Outcome measures were normal fertilization (two pronuclei, 2PN), multinucleation rate, the proportion of good quality embryos, blastocyst formation, and pregnancy rate.Results:A total of 792 oocytes were collected from 54 participants (mean age: 30.6±3.7 years). The fertilization rate was higher in the study group (n=209 in 376) compared with the controls (n=201 in 416) (55.6% vs. 48.3%, p=0.041). The multinucleation rate (6.6% vs. 4.3%, p=0.150), proportion of grade 1 embryos on day 3 (48.7% vs. 43%, p=0.112) and day 5 (27.7% vs. 23.8%, p=0.214), the proportion of embryos reaching blastocyst stage (34.0% vs. 28.1%, p=0.072), and the pregnancy rates (78.6% vs. 71.4%, p=1.000) were similar.Conclusions:Our results demonstrated that immediate removal of cumulus cells does not have any negative impact on intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes.

The goal of this study was to estimate (co) variance components and genetic parameters for pre- and post-weaning growth traits in Dağlıç sheep, considering the direct additive genetic, maternal genetic, and maternal permanent environmental effects, with different statistical models. The information of 21,735 native Dağlıç lambs born between 2011 and 2021 was used to estimate (co) variance components by the Average Information-Restricted Maximum Likelihood algorithm. The results showed that the most suitable model was Model 3 for birth weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and weaning weight (WW). Model 4 was the most appropriate for weight at three (W3), weight at six (W6), and weight at twelve months of age (W12). The direct heritabilities for BW, W3, ADG, WW, W6, and W12 were 0.35 ± 0.02, 0.36 ± 0.03, 0.27 ± 0.02, 0.22 ± 0.02, 0.47 ± 0.05, and 0.47 ± 0.05, respectively. Genetic and phenotypic correlations amongst the traits were in the range of 0.103 ± 0.008 to 0.995 ± 0.002. These results can be used for the improvement of growth traits in the Dağlıç breed of sheep through selection.

Background and Purpose: Candidemia remained important in the intensive care units(ICU) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and laboratory data on candidemia in COVID-19 patients.Materials and Methods: The baseline characteristics, as well as laboratory and clinicalfindings of candidemia and non-candidemia patients, were compared. Candidemia was defined as the isolation of Candida spp. from blood cultures. The isolates were identified by VITEK® 2 (bioMérieux, France) commercial method. Antifungal susceptibility was assessed using the E-test method. Univariate and multiple binary logistic regression analyses were performed to compare the variables.Results: In total, 126 patients with the COVID-19 disease were included. Candidemiawas diagnosed in 44 (35%) of the patients. The number of patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure was higher in the candidemia group. In the candidemia group, the duration of ICU stay of patients, the 30-day mortality rate, mechanical ventilation therapy, and systemic corticosteroids (Prednisone) usage were significantly higher in candidemia patients. Moreover, the median white blood cell, neutrophils, and lactate dehydrogenase were higher in the candidemia group. Univariate and multiple binary logistic regression analyses were performed to compare the variables. Isolated species were identified as Candida albicans (n=12, 41%), Candida parapsilosis (n=7, 24%), Candida glabrata (n=6, 21%), Candida tropicalis (n=3, 10%), and Candida dublinensis (n=1, 3%). In total, three isolates of six C. glabrata species had dose-dependent sensitivity to fluconazole, and one C. parapsilosis was determined to be resistant.Conclusion: The COVID-19 patients who are admitted to ICU have many risk factors associated with candidemia. The most common risk factors for the development of candidemia were mechanical ventilation, diabetes mellitus, neutrophilia, and low hemoglobin level. The most frequently isolated species was C. albicans. Moreover, caspofungin was found to be the most effective drug in vitro. No significant resistancepattern was detected against the isolated species. It should be noted that risk-stratified antifungal prophylaxis in the ICU is possible.

Düzce province, where industry, traffic and residential areas are intertwined, is developing rapidly and therefore environmental pollution is intensely felt in the region. Air pollutants from emission sources cannot be dispersed due to the geographical location of the province and pose important health risks. In this study, dust samples were collected at different locations in order to explain the regional pollution distribution and various emission sources. Because children are more sensitive to air pollutants, indoor and outdoor environments of primary schools were selected for sampling. PCB levels were determined in dust samples collected from indoor and outdoor environments of the primary schools in Düzce. PCB analyses were performed by using the Gas chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) instrument. In the obtained results, outdoor ΣPCB concentrations were between 0.737 and 22.307 ng/gr, with an average of 3,626 ng/gr. Indoor ΣPCB concentrations were between 17.17 and 294.22 ng/gr, with an average of 66.89 ng/gr. High ∑PCB concentrations in indoor samples show that the contribution of indoor sources and the effect of accumulation in indoor environments by transport from the outdoor environments is greater. In the evaluation made according to outdoor sources, the highest concentrations were obtained mostly at points close to the industrial area. The lowest concentrations were measured at rural sampling points.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, okul öncesi dönem çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin okuryazarlık durumlarını anne baba okuryazarlığı, çocuk okuryazarlığı ve erken okuryazarlık alt boyutlarında incelemektir. Çalışmada karma yöntem türlerinden açımlayıcı sıralı desen kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın örnekleminde, amaçlı örnekleme türlerinden ölçüt örnekleme kullanılmıştır. Nicel verilerin toplanması için “Aile Okuryazarlık Ölçeği” kullanılarak, 243 ebeveyne uygulanmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapmak için SmartPLS programı kullanılmış ve kısmi en küçük kareler yol analizi yapılmıştır. “Aile Okuryazarlık Ölçeği” ile toplanan verilerin analizinde Kruskal Wallis H ve Mann Whitney U testleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın nitel boyutunda, nicel boyutuna katılmış ve gönüllü olan 15 ebeveyn ile yapılan görüşmelere MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2018 (18. 2. 5) programıyla içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Ebeveynlerin yaşlarının, kitap okuma sıklığının, okuryazarlık düzeylerini etkilediği görülmüştür. Resimli öykü kitabı okuma sürecinde parmak takibi yapma, noktalama işaretlerine, büyük küçük harfe dikkat çekme gibi unsurların yapılmadığı, sebebininse çocukların yaşlarının küçük olması ya da okuma yazma öğretimine girmesi nedeniyle yapmak istememeleri olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of using the “My Mind Notes” application, which was developed to utilize QR code technology, in undergraduate nursing clinical education. Method: This design-based research was conducted with medical-surgical nursing students from a university located in Istanbul (n = 78) between February and July 2021. The information that the student would need in clinical practice was included in the educational material of the QR code. QR codes were utilized throughout the 10-day clinical practice, and students’ views were obtained at the end of the practice. The data were collected using the “Student Views on the Effectiveness of My Mind Notes Application” form, which was prepared to align with the literature and expert opinion. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods such as number, percentage, and mean. Results: In their education lives, 78.2 % of the students had never used a QR code application. The students’ mean scores of psycho-motor skills, cognitive/theoretical information, and anxiety reduction in clinical practice concerning the My Mind Notes application were 7.76 ± 1.74, 8.34 ± 1.71, and 6.46 ± 2.36, respectively. Conclusion: It is shown that the “My Mind Notes” application prepared using QR code technology helps nursing students become lifelong learners by enriching their learning experiences regardless of time and place.

Copyright of Asia Minor Studies is the property of Asia Minor Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: In this paper, generalized model based on the multiplicative least square method presented and showed that it is convenient to approximate observation in the electrical system analysis. The introduced model is exponential based and relies on parametric values. The advantage of the method is due to exponential derivation process within multiplicative calculus and has the flexibility to represent widely used functions such as Gaussian and exponentials. In spite of numerous results on the best fitting model, we study the robustness of the method by making direct comparisons with Matlab built‐in functions. The presented model is challenging because modern electrical circuits and systems are faced with different types of inputs that require near exact representation for accurate processing. Some real applications of exponential‐based data were selected to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of the proposed representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine the slaughter and carcass traits and the effects of sex on these traits of native geese reared in Muş. A total of 41 geese (17 male and 24 female) which were 8-10 months of age were used. The means of slaughter weight, cold carcass weight, head weight, feet weight, heart weight, liver weight, gizzard weight and spleen weight were 3968.6, 2678.7, 172.1, 131.4, 38.6, 69.3, 144.3, 2.28 g for males, and 3212.2, 2047.6, 138.5, 113.0, 24.8, 76.3, 142.2, 2.18 g for females respectively. Significant phenotypic correlation coefficients were calculated between slaughter weight and feather, head and feet weights in both sex groups and between carcass weight and feather and feet weight in only male geese. Slaughter weight was positively related with heart and gizzard weights in males, carcass weight was negatively related with liver weight in females (r= -0.45). In conclusion, the results of obtained in this study indicated that meat yield was low of the geese reared extensively in Muş province, the slaughter and carcass trait and the phenotypic correlations among of this traits were affected by sex.

According to the Amsterdam Treaty, animals are sentient creatures and animal welfare requirements should be precisely met while preparing and implementing the Commission laws. Accomplishing this, cultural, religious and regional characteristics should be considered. However, more and more regulations and laws are continuously introduced in Europe and worldwide. Ongoing WELANIMAL Project was financed by EU Commission adapting of vocational training products and results of training tools of WELFOOD related to the animal welfareenvironment-food quality interactions is being enriched with consideration of cultural, socio-economic and religious approaches in order to determine a common work definition for all sectorial workers having different moral and social values on the subject of animal welfare and food safety Central and South-eastern Europe region. Although there is slight differences, national legislation in partner countries of EU in Project were harmonious with legal framework in EU regarding for all farm species. It is expected that three draft regulations in compliance with legal requirements animal protection in farms and during transportation and slaughtering and killing in Turkey, as a candidate country to membership into EU, in 2009. Also, due to in participating countries to the Project have ethnicity, history, tradition and religious structure show a great diversity it has been guessed that welfare concept which is a moral issue can be effected by people’s cultural, religious and social composition. In the WELANIMAL Project, the effects of socio-cultural, religious and regional historical differences of workers and consumers within animal production chain on understanding of animal welfare concepts are being analysed. Furthermore in the light of obtained data a common vocational animal welfare definition and animal welfare, food quality and environment interaction will be evaluated. Through the Project web page (www.welanimal.aku.edu.tr) interactive training and certification will be accomplished. This paper intents to provide an overview of legal framework including Council Directives and National legislation laying down minimum welfare standards and traditional practices in Central and Sought eastern Europe in which WELANIMAL Project is ongoing.

The effects of hen age, storage time and packaging with stretch film applications to the internal and external egg quality of table eggs were investigated. A total of 1680 table eggs were used and collected with two commercial layer stocks (Lohmann White ) 28 and 80 weeks old age. A half of the table eggs packaged with stretch film and all eggs were stored 0, 15, 30 and 45 days at 22 ºC ve 45 % RH . Egg weight, shape index, albumen index, fracture strength, albumen index, yolk index Hauhg unit, yolk color, shell weight, shell thickness, shell weight per unit surface of shell and shell density were examined in the study. Egg weight, egg weight loss, shell weight, albumen index, yolk index, Haugh unit, shape index, shell strength, shell thickness, shell density values were found as higher in the young hen flocks’ eggs. Egg weight loss, shell strength, shell thickness, egg weight, shell density increased and egg weight, albumen index, yolk index and Haugh Units and shell weigh decreased as storage time increased. Packaging eggs with stretch film reduced the internal quality losses resulted from prolonged storage.

The aim of the paper was to investigate the influence some factors on the consumers’ opinion regarding the animal welfare labelling of animal products. The analysed question was: “When purchasing eggs, meat or milk can you easily identify from the label those products sourced from animal welfare friendly production systems?” Respondents chosen only one answer out of the five offered: yes, most of the time; yes, some of the time; no, very rarely; no, never; and don’t know. Thirty three percent of females considered they could find sometime information regarding the animal welfare on the labels, while males considered that this information could be found very rarely. Up to 55 years of age, 50% of the consumers consider that the labels do not contain the information about animal welfare, while after this age most of consumers consider they found this information on the labels. Over 50% of Orthodox and Roman Catholic responders considered that the information on animal welfare on the labels was found some of the time or very rarely. Respondents, irrespective of their living area or monthly income, considered that there is scarce information regarding animal welfare on the labels. Internet access significantly influenced the consumers regarding the availability of the information on the labels.

Royal jelly (RJ), is one of the important honey bee products and a functional food item in the regulation of diets and in the cosmetic industry. RJ has a potential towards various human disease treatments. The chemical content of RJ is influenced by some factors. In this study, the effect of the presence or absence of the queen on the amount of 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) and soluble protein in RJ is determined. For this reason, colonies were prepared as queenless, queenright and starter-finisher. RJ yields in colonies queenless, queenright and starter-finisher were determined as 15.2 ± 0.89 g, 12.0 ± 0.90 g and 9.6 ± 0.72 g, respectively. Group queenless was different from the other two groups. While 10-HDA values of the groups were similar (queenless, queenright and starter-finisher, respectively; 2.0 ± 0.06%, 2.1 ± 0.06% and 2.0 ± 0.05%), the soluble protein amounts of the groups (queenless, queenright and starter-finisher, respectively, 9.65 ± 0.179%, 7.68 ± 0.184%, 7.50 ± 0.203%) were found different and significant from each other. As a result, the RJ production colony queenless or queenright affected the amount of soluble protein. The worker bees of queenless colonies secreted RJ containing more soluble protein.

In this paper, the effects on secondary metabolite accumulation of brassinosteroid (BR) (24-epibrassinolide (24-eBL) on immobilized cells that were obtained from Vitis vinifera cv. Cinsault was investigated. 24-eBL was treated to immobilized cells covered calcium alginate beads at concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 mg L-1 for one month. As a result of this study, it was found that 24-eBL applications modified secondary metabolite accumulation and had positive effects on secondary metabolite production when the suitable concentration was used. While the highest total phenolic, catechin, p-coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid contents were found in immobilized cells treated 0.75 mg L-1 24-eBL, the highest epicatechin, quercetin, trans-resveratrol contents were obtained in immobilized cells treated 0.50 mg L-1 24-eBL and the highest gallic acid content was determined in immobilized cells treated 0.25 mg L-1 24-eBL. Moreover, the highest 24-eBL concentration (1 mg L-1) decreased the content of secondary metabolite compared to the control (0 mg L-1 24-eBL) except total phenolic and catechin content. To conclude, 0.50 and 0.75 mg L-1 24-eBL concentrations were the most suitable concentrations for immobilized cell culture to provide the highest secondary metabolite accumulation.

Objectives: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate anatomical structure of mandibular canal and the factors those increase the possibility of inferior alveolar nerve damage in mandibular third molar region of Turkish population. Material and Methods: Overall 320 participants with 436 mandibular third molars were included from four different study centers. Following variables were measured: type and depth of third molar impaction, position of mandibular canal in relation to third molars, morphology of mandibular canal, cortication status of mandibular canal, possible contact between the third molars and mandibular canal, thickness and density of superior, buccal, and lingual mandibular canal wall, bucco-lingual and apico-coronal mandibular canal diameters on cone-beam computed tomography scans. Results: Lingual mandibular canal wall density and thickness were decreased significantly as the impaction depth of mandibular third molar was increased (P = 0.045, P = 0.001 respectively). Highest buccal mandibular canal wall density and thickness were observed in lingual position of mandibular canal in relation to mandibular third molar (P = 0.021, P = 0.034 respectively). Mandibular canal with oval/round morphology had higher apico-coronal diameter in comparison to tear drop and dumbbell morphologies (P = 0.018). Additionally, mandibular canals with observed cortication border and no contact with mandibular third molar had denser and thicker lingual mandibular canal wall (P = 0.003, P = 0.001 respectively). Conclusions: Buccal and lingual mandibular canal wall density, thickness and mandibular canal diameter may be related with high-risk indicators of inferior alveolar nerve injury.

BackgroundThe WHO emphasized the importance of knowing the risk factors for the severity of the disease in the COVID-19 pandemic. Our aim in this study was to determine the relationship between serum Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) level, which is rapidly affected by inflammation, and the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia and mortality.MethodsPatients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia between March and May 2021 were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups as severe and mild to moderate pneumonia according to the WHO's guidelines. Serum BChE levels were studied by ELISA method from the blood samples taken from the patients on the day of hospitalization. The severity of the disease and other factors affecting hospital mortality were also evaluated.Results147 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were included in this study. Of these patients, 58% had severe pneumonia and 42% had mild to moderate pneumonia. The BChE level was median 13 (IQR: 11.2–21.5)ng/ml in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and median 20 (IQR: 10–35.7)ng/ml in patients with mild to moderate pneumonia (p: 0.001). Hospital with mortality rate was higher in patients with low BChE levels. However, statistically, BChE hasn't associated mortality in COVID-19 pneumonia [OR 1.002 (0.957–1.049) p: 0.490]. CRP, procalcitonin, lactate, and D-dimer levels were associated mortality in COVID-19 pneumonia.ConclusionBeing not statistically significant, the mortality rate was higher in patients with low BChE levels. BChE level is an important marker in determining the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. Early prediction of the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia will enable early planning of the treatment process.