83 results on '"Zegarra-Valdivia, Jonathan"'
Search Results
52. IGF-I Governs Cortical Inhibitory Synaptic Plasticity By Astrocyte Activation
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Noriega-Prieto, José Antonio, primary, Maglio, Laura Eva, additional, Zegarra-Valdivia, Jonathan A., additional, Pignatelli, Jaime, additional, Fernandez, Ana M., additional, Martinez-Rachadell, Laura, additional, Fernandes, Jansen, additional, Núñez, Ángel, additional, Araque, Alfonso, additional, Alemán, Ignacio Torres, additional, and de Sevilla, David Fernández, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
53. Niveles de Hemoglobina y Anemia en Niños: Implicancias Para el Desarrollo de Las Funciones Ejecutivas
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Zegarra-Valdivia, Jonathan Adrián, primary and Viza Vásquez, Blanca Milagros, additional
- Published
- 2020
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- View/download PDF
54. IMPACTO DE LA RELIGIÓN EN LA TOMA DE DECISIONES Y EL FUNCIONAMIENTO EJECUTIVO
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Zegarra-Valdivia, Jonathan A. and Chino Vilca, Brenda N.
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funciones ejecutivas ,educación religiosa ,religión ,toma de decisiones - Abstract
La religión influye en nuestras creencias y emociones, actuando como un mecanismo de control e interpretación cognitivo de las activaciones neurovegetativas ante la toma de decisiones y la toma de decisiones. El objetivo del estudio es conocer si existen diferencias en la toma de decisiones y funciones ejecutivas de los adolescentes influenciados por distintas gestiones educativas (énfasis en la enseñanza de la religión), y en qué medida, la educación religiosa promovería una mejora de estos procesos. La muestra estuvo conformada por tres colegios de la ciudad de Arequipa. Se seleccionaron estudiantes de nivel secundario de ambos sexos en la institución pública (edad media: 14.59 ±1.05, rango: 13-16 años), privada (edad media: 14.59 ±1.05, rango: 13-16 años) y parroquial (edad media: 13.97 ±1.80, rango: 12-17 años). Para la evaluación se utilizó el IOWA Gambling Task y el test de colores y palabras de Stroop. Los resultados en torno a la toma de decisiones muestran que los estudiantes de la institución parroquial tomarían decisiones más adaptativas, menos impulsivas y con mayores recompensas a largo plazo, mientras que los adolescentes de las otras instituciones, mostrarían una tendencia negativa en sus elecciones, siendo más impulsivos, y con mayores «ansias» de reforzadores a corto plazo. Esto los llevaría a tener decisiones de riesgo.
- Published
- 2019
55. Serum Insulin-like growth factor i deficiency associates to Alzheimer's disease Co-morbidities
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Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica (Perú), Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico y de Información Tecnológica (Perú), Zegarra-Valdivia, Jonathan A., Santi, Andrea, Fernandez de Sevilla, M.E., Nuñez, Ángel, Torres Alemán, Ignacio, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica (Perú), Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico y de Información Tecnológica (Perú), Zegarra-Valdivia, Jonathan A., Santi, Andrea, Fernandez de Sevilla, M.E., Nuñez, Ángel, and Torres Alemán, Ignacio
- Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the notion that Alzheimer's disease (AD), a condition that presents heterogeneous pathological disturbances, is also associated to perturbed metabolic function affecting insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). While impaired insulin activity leading to insulin resistance has been associated to AD, whether altered IGF-I function affects the disease is not entirely clear. Despite the limitations of mouse models to mimic AD pathology, we took advantage that serum IGF-I deficient mice (LID mice) present many functional perturbations present in AD, most prominently cognitive loss, which is reversed by treatment with systemic IGF-I. We analyzed whether these mice display other pathological traits that are usual co-morbidities of AD. We found that LID mice not only display cognitive disturbances, but also show altered mood and sociability, increased susceptibility to epileptiform activity, and a disturbed sleep/wake cycle. Collectively, these data suggest that reduced IGF-I activity contributes to heterogeneous deficits commonly associated to AD. We suggest that impaired IGF-I activity needs to be taken into consideration when modeling this condition.
- Published
- 2019
56. Prevalence of dual diagnosis in the south of Peru: descriptive clinical study
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Zegarra-Valdivia, Jonathan, Chino, Brenda, and Cazorla, Ernesto
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trastornos mentales ,lcsh:Psychology ,adicciones ,lcsh:BF1-990 ,Addiction ,epidemiology ,dual diagnosis ,epidemiología ,patología dual ,mental disorders - Abstract
Comorbidity between substance use disorders and other psychiatric disorders or dual diagnosis (PD) is characterized by difficulty in their therapeutic approach, constant relapses and hospital admissions, as well as higher violent and criminal behavior. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of PD in individuals treated at a psychiatric center in Arequipa, Peru. It is a descriptive epidemiological study based on analysis of 445 case histories (HC) of patients admitted during the period of three years (2011-2013). Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of subjects by comparing those who had a diagnosis of PD, with those who had a diagnosis just by consuming psychotropic substances were established. The results show a prevalence of dual diagnosis in 49%.The average ages were M = 31.45, DS = 15.59 in the with dual diagnosis group CPD and M = 33.93, DS = 15.48 in the without dual diagnosis group SPD; the prevalence of substance use was 51% SPD. Alcohol was the most used substance, followed by cannabis marijuana and cocaine base (PBC). The socio-family and individual vulnerability of the population is evidence for protection or resistance to mental illness, as well as the lack of implementation of effective policies in mental health care for dual disorders, showing worse prognosis and indexes every time higher. La comorbilidad entre un trastorno por uso de sustancias y otros trastornos psiquiátricos o patología dual (PD) se caracteriza por la dificultad en su abordaje terapéutico, recaídas constantes e ingresos hospitalarios. Nuestro objetivo fue conocer la prevalencia de PD en un centro psiquiátrico de Arequipa-Perú. Es un estudio descriptivoepidemiológico basado en el análisis de 445 historias clínicas (HC) de pacientes ingresados durante el lapso de tres años (periodo 2011-2013). Se establecieron características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los sujetos comparando entre quienes presentaron un diagnóstico de PD, con aquellos que solo tuvieron diagnóstico por consumo de sustancias psicótropas. Los resultados evidencian una prevalencia de patología dual de 49%. Las edades promedio fueron de M = 31.45, DE = 15.59 en el grupo con patología dual (CPD) y M = 33.93, DE = 15.48 en el grupo sin patología dual (SPD); la prevalencia del consumo de sustancias SPD fue del 51%. El alcohol fue la sustancia más consumida, seguida de cannabis, marihuana y la pasta básica de cocaína (PBC). Se evidencia la vulnerabilidad socio-familiar e individual de la población en cuanto a protección o resistencia frente a la enfermedad mental, además de la carencia de políticas efectivas en salud mental, que muestran peor pronóstico e índices cada vez más elevados.
- Published
- 2016
57. Astrocytic IGF-IRs Induce Adenosine-Mediated Inhibitory Downregulation and Improve Sensory Discrimination.
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Antonio Noriega-Prieto, José, Eva Maglio, Laura, Zegarra-Valdivia, Jonathan A., Pignatelli, Jaime, Fernandez, Ana M., Martinez-Rachadell, Laura, Fernandes, Jansen, Núñez, Ángel, Araque, Alfonso, Torres-Alemán, Ignacio, and Fernández de Sevilla, David
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LONG-term synaptic depression ,POSTSYNAPTIC potential ,NEURAL transmission ,LONG-term potentiation ,NEUROPLASTICITY - Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling plays a key role in learning and memory processes. While the effects of IGF-I on neurons have been studied extensively, the involvement of astrocytes in IGF-I signaling and the consequences on synaptic plasticity and animal behavior remain unknown. We have found that IGF-I induces long-term potentiation (LTP
IGFI ) of the postsynaptic potentials that is caused by a long-term depression of inhibitory synaptic transmission in mice. We have demonstrated that this long-lasting decrease in the inhibitory synaptic transmission is evoked by astrocytic activation through its IGF-I receptors (IGF-IRs). We show that LTPIGFI not only increases the output of pyramidal neurons, but also favors the NMDAR-dependent LTP, resulting in the crucial information processing at the barrel cortex since specific deletion of IGF-IR in cortical astrocytes impairs the whisker discrimination task. Our work reveals a novel mechanism and functional consequences of IGF-I signaling on cortical inhibitory synaptic plasticity and animal behavior, revealing that astrocytes are key elements in these processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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58. COGNICIÓN SOCIAL EN PACIENTES CON ESQUIZOFRENIA PARANOIDE: CASOS CLÍNICOS
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Zegarra-Valdivia, Jonathan and Soto Añari, Marcio Lizandro
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cognición social ,marcador somático ,social functioning ,teoría de la mente ,making decision ,Schizophrenia ,funcionamiento social ,Esquizofrenia ,toma de decisiones ,social cognition ,somatic marker ,theory of mind - Abstract
La Esquizofrenia es una enfermedad que tiende a la cronicidad afectando múltiples dominios cognitivos, sobresaliendo aquellos que alteran el funcionamiento social. Un modelo explicativo destacado de esta enfermedad es el de cognición social que integra factores metacognitivos como la Teoría de la Mente, y emocionales como el Marcador Somático. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar el nivel de funcionamiento de la cognición social (ToM Avanzada y Toma de Decisiones) en pacientes diagnosticados con esquizofrenia. Se evaluó a 4 pacientes diagnosticados con esquizofrenia paranoide con una amplia batería clínica, el test de lectura de ojos y el Iowa Gambling Task. Se utilizó la metodología de estudio de caso. Los resultados encontrados muestran una menor capacidad para el reconocimiento e interpretación de las intenciones en los rostros. Además mostraron una falta de implicancia emocional en la toma de decisiones y en resolución de tareas, caracterizadas por la falta de búsqueda de beneficios a largo plazo.
- Published
- 2018
59. CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PERFIL POR COMPETENCIAS GENÉRICAS PARA EL SACERDOTE DIOCESANO EN PERÚ
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Swinnen Sardón, Jean-Paul, Arias Gallegos, Walter Lizandro, Soto Añari, Marcio, Justo Velarde, Oscar, Muñoz Shimizu, Emmanuel, Dominguez Lara, Sergio Alexis, and Zegarra-Valdivia, Jonathan
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psicología organizacional ,organizational psychology ,Generic competencies ,sacerdocio ,priesthood ,Competencias genéricas - Abstract
Para la labor de la Iglesia Católica es de gran importancia que los sacerdotes cuenten con las competencias psicológicas relacionadas al desempeño de su labor. Este estudio es un primer intento de establecer un perfil por competencias genéricas de los sacerdotes diocesanos en Perú y tiene por ello un carácter exploratorio y descriptivo. Se tomó como referencia la percepción de los obispos en cuanto institucionalmente reconocidos como modelos de comportamiento en el desempeño del quehacer sacerdotal. A partir de las entrevistas a 15 obispos en Perú se elaboró un perfil de 16 competencias genéricas. Las competencias vida interior y vocación de servicio destacaron por su relevancia como soporte de las demás.
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- 2018
60. ANOREXIA NERVIOSA Y SU ABORDAJE NEUROPSICOLÓGICO: A PROPÓSITO DE UN CASO
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Zegarra-Valdivia, Jonathan and Denegri Solís, Lucía
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Anorexia nerviosa ,cognición social ,making decisions ,teoría de la mente ,eating behavior disorders ,funcionamiento ejecutivo ,trastornos de la conducta alimentaria ,toma de decisiones ,Anorexia nervosa ,social cognition ,executive functioning ,theory of mind - Abstract
La anorexia nerviosa (AN) es un trastorno del comportamiento alimentario (TCA) grave, caracterizado por un rechazo a mantener un peso “normal”, que se acompaña de rasgos obsesivos, alteración del ánimo y el pensamiento. Nuestro objetivo es realizar una evaluación neuropsicológica de un caso de anorexia nerviosa, brindando especial atención a los conceptos de funciones ejecutivas y cognición social. Utilizamos el método de caso clínico de una paciente con AN, diagnosticada según el DSM-IV-TR, controlada médicamente en un hospital psiquiátrico, se le evalúa con una amplia batería clínica (Inventario Clínico Millon II, WAIS-III, Trail Making Test A-B, Tarjetas de Winsconsin, Test del ZOO, Fluencia Verbal y el IOWA Gambling Task y Test de Lectura de Mente en la Mirada). Resultados: Se encuentran rasgos esquizoides, evitativo y auto-derrotistas, además depresión y ansiedad. Presenta alteraciones en el reconocimiento de las intenciones y creencias de otros, así como alteraciones en la planificación, flexibilidad mental, razonamiento y toma de decisiones.
- Published
- 2018
61. ESTUDIO CLÍNICO-DESCRIPTIVO EN EL CENTRO DE SALUD MENTAL MOISÉS HERESI, EN AREQUIPA
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Cazorla Pérez, Ernesto and Zegarra Valdivia, Jonathan
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trastornos mentales ,trastornos del humor ,psicología clínica ,clinical psychology ,behavior disorders ,mood disorders ,mental health ,salud mental - Abstract
La Organización Mundial de la Salud (oms) define a la salud como un estado de completo bienestar físico, mental y social, y no solamente la ausencia de afecciones o enfermedades. En este mundo contemporáneo, de cambios rápidos en el desarrollo socioeconómico y humano, es cada vez más frecuente encontrar personas con alguna afectación de la esfera mental. Nos propusimos conocer las características sociodemográficos y clínicas de aquellos pacientes atendidos durante el año 2011 en el Centro de Salud Mental Moisés Heresi de Arequipa. El presente trabajo es un estudio descriptivo que analizó 548 historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos en consulta externa de psiquiatría y psicología e internamiento de la institución. Se evidencia la mayor incidencia de trastornos del humor (afectivos); además, se observa trastornos mentales y del comportamiento asociados con el consumo de sustancias, y trastornos del pensamiento.
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- 2018
62. Social Cognition and Executive Function Impairment in Young Women with Anorexia Nervosa
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Zegarra-Valdivia, Jonathan Adrián and Chino-Vilca, Brenda Nadia
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Anorexia nerviosa ,Endophenotypes ,Executive function ,Eating disorders ,Anorexia nervosa ,Endofenotipos ,Función ejecutiva ,Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria ,Cognición social ,Social cognition - Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a very debilitating disorder and has shown different cognitive deficit patterns. Some of them are controversial because they relate some deficit with autistic traits. Both, social cognition and executive function are top-down processes that regulate social interaction and adaptive behavior in a complex world. Neurocognitive profiles focused on this process are especially useful as endophenotypes in clinic research and intervention.The aims of this study are (1) assessing the contribution of social cognition and executive function to socio-emotional and neurocognitive patterns in anorexia nervosa and (2) investigating the possible relationships between social cognition tasks and executive function measures and clinic features in this eating disorder. Fifteen adolescents with anorexia nervosa and 15 healthy controls took part in this study. Patients were diagnosed with DSM-IV-R criteria. They had suffered the disease for 3 years (SD ± 1.47). They were compared in social cognition (Reading the Mind in the Eyes and the IOWA Gambling Task) and executive function (verbal fluency tasks, trail making test, and digit span test [DST] from the WAIS-III). The results show that there was a significant difference in social cognition, at the theory of mind and the IOWA gambling task. Finally, for the executive function task, adolescents with AN displayed significant differences in both direct DST and inverse DST, as well as in semantic fluency and phonological fluency compared with controls. These domains show different highly-significant relationships that could explain neurocognitive profiles. In conclusion, many differences were found between adolescents with AN and healthy controls. AN patients displayed important deficits in theory of mind recognition, executive function, and decision making. These deficits could play a role in maintaining pathological patterns and also important endophenotypes in research and intervention might be considered. RESUMEN La anorexia nerviosa es un trastorno muy debilitante y ha mostrado diferentes patrones de déficit cognitivo. Algunos de ellos son controvertidos porque se relacionan con rasgos autistas. Tanto la cognición social como la función ejecutiva son procesos de control “arriba/abajo” que regulan la interacción social y el comportamiento adaptativo en un mundo complejo. Los perfiles neurocognitivos enfocados en este proceso son especialmente útiles como endofenotipos en la investigación clínica y la intervención. Los objetivos de este estudio son: (1) evaluar la contribución de la cognición social y la función ejecutiva a los patrones socioemocionales y neurocognitivos en la anorexia nerviosa y (2) investigar las posibles relaciones entre las tareas de cognición social y las medidas de la función ejecutiva y las características clínicas de este trastorno de la conducta alimentaria. 15 adolescentes con anorexia nerviosa y 15 controles sanos participaron en este estudio. Los pacientes fueron diagnosticados con los criterios DSM-IV-R. Estos han sufrido la enfermedad durante al menos 3 años (SD ± 1,47). Fueron comparados en la cognición social (“Lectura de la mente a través de los ojos” y la tarea de juego IOWA) y función ejecutiva (tareas de fluidez verbal, prueba de seguimiento y prueba de spam digital del WAIS-III). Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas en la cognición social (teoría de la mente y en la tarea de juego de IOWA). Finalmente, para la tarea de la función ejecutiva, los adolescentes con AN mostraron diferencias significativas tanto en la DST directa como en la DST inversa, así como en la fluidez semántica y la fluidez fonológica. Estos dominios muestran diferentes relaciones altamente significativas que podrían explicar los perfiles neurocognitivos. En conclusión, se encontraron diferencias entre adolescentes con AN y controles sanos. Los pacientes mostraron déficits importantes en la teoría del reconocimiento de la mente, función ejecutiva y toma de decisiones. Estos déficits podrían desempeñar un papel en el mantenimiento de los patrones patológicos y también podrían considerarse endofenotipos importantes en la investigación y la intervención.
- Published
- 2018
63. Neurobiología del trastorno de estrés postraumático
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Zegarra-Valdivia, Jonathan A., primary and Chino-Vilca, Brenda N., additional
- Published
- 2019
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64. Subjective memory complaints and mild cognitive decline in Peruvian population: A neuropsychological and neurophysiological approximation
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Vilca, Brenda Nadia Chino, primary, Zegarra-Valdivia, Jonathan, additional, Paredes, Ludwing, additional, Camlla, Rosangela, additional, Paredes, Carmen, additional, Castillo, Roxana, additional, and Maeztú, Fernando, additional
- Published
- 2019
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65. Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Deficiency Associates to Alzheimer’s Disease Co-Morbidities
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Zegarra-Valdivia, Jonathan A., primary, Santi, Andrea, additional, Fernández de Sevilla, Maria Estrella, additional, Nuñez, Angel, additional, and Torres Aleman, Ignacio, additional
- Published
- 2019
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66. Loss of the interaction between estradiol and insulin-like growth factor I in brain endothelial cells associates to changes in mood homeostasis during peri-menopause in mice
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Munive, Victor, primary, Zegarra-Valdivia, Jonathan A., additional, Herrero-Labrador, Raquel, additional, Fernandez, Ana M., additional, and Aleman, Ignacio Torres, additional
- Published
- 2019
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67. PERFIL DE DETERIORO COGNITIVO EN PERSONAS CON ESQUIZOFRENIA PARANOIDE: ESTUDIO BREVE EN POBLACIÓN PERUANA.
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Zegarra-Valdivia, Jonathan and Chino-Vilca, Brenda
- Abstract
Copyright of Panamerican Journal of Neuropsychology / Cuadernos de Neuropsicología is the property of Cuadernos de Neuropsicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
68. Social Cognition and Executive Function Impairment in Young Women with Anorexia Nervosa
- Author
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Zegarra-Valdivia, Jonathan Adrián, primary and Chino-Vilca, Brenda Nadia, additional
- Published
- 2018
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69. P1‐609: EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COGNITIVE DISORDERS IN OLD PERUVIANS
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Zegarra Valdivia, Jonathan Adrian, primary and Chino Vilca, Brenda Nadia, additional
- Published
- 2018
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70. Impact of COVID‐19 infection on the cognition and emotion of Peruvians: analysis after 6‐12 months post‐infection.
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Zegarra‐Valdivia, Jonathan Adrian, Arana‐Nombera, Harold Alessandro, Perez‐Fernandez, Leandro Aron, Matallana‐Sanchez, Maribel Jesus, Alamo‐Medina, Reyna Elizabeth, Rocio Casimiro‐Arana, Milagros, Bustamante‐Delgado, Diana Lisseth, Gallegos‐Manayay, Viviana Nayelli, Álvarez‐Bravo, Elizabeth Killasumac, Arteaga‐Cancino, Tihany Liliana, Abanto‐Saldaña, Eduardo Sebastián, Rosario Oliva‐Piscoya, María, Ordinola, Maria Celinda Cruz, Chavarry, Patricia, and Chino‐Vilca, Brenda Nadia
- Abstract
Background: COVID‐19 pandemic significantly impacted different systems and organs (cardiovascular, metabolic, immune, brain, and others). More than two years after the first wave of COVID‐19 in Peru, we still do not know the consequences on cognition and emotion, and nowadays, different studies suggest the impact of COVID‐19 might trigger mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and neuropsychiatric syndromes in the future. Methods: An ex‐post facto study was carried out with two groups, considering a neurocognitive evaluation (general cognition, verbal fluency, attention, and executive function) and emotion (depression, anxiety, and stress) and performed between 6 and 18 months after the first confirmed diagnosis of COVID‐19 in Peruvians (by PCR or antigen test). The mean age was 37.03 ± 15.57 (age range between 17 and 86 years old), and 60.5% were Female. We use the following instruments: INECO Frontal screening, Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination‐Revisado (ACE‐R), Verbal Fluency, TMT A/B, and DASS‐21. Results: No specific differences in general cognition were found. However, we found an effect in the INECO Frontal Screening (IFS) and the DASS‐21 (Anxiety scale). Patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 by PCR or antigen test have a slightly reduced frontal function (executive function). Conclusions: COVID‐19 impacted high hierarchical frontal functions, but these effects are not well identified with general cognitive testing. Similarly, an increase in anxiety was found. More specific evaluation and sensitive techniques are needed to elucidate future COVID‐19 consequences on brain function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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71. Clinical and epidemiological profile of out-patients attended at the Mental Health Center 'Moisés Heresi' of Arequipa - Peru, between 2011 and 2013
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Zegarra-Valdivia, Jonathan, Cazorla Pérez, Ernesto, and Chino Vilca, Brenda
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Perú ,Trastornos mentales ,Peru ,epidemiology ,Mental disorders ,mental health ,epidemiología ,salud mental - Abstract
Diferentes estudios revelan que las enfermedades neuro-psiquiátricas originan la mayor carga de enfermedad o peso relativo de discapacidad en el mundo. Conocer la prevalencia e incidencia de estos trastornos es de vital importancia para entender cómo afectan a una región en particular y así poder generar políticas preventivas y de intervención en la realidad sanitaria. Objetivos: Conocer la prevalencia e incidencia de los trastornos mentales en el sur del Perú entre los años 2011-2013. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo realizado mediante la consulta y análisis de historias clínicas. A través de un muestreo no-probabilístico se analizaron 1489 historias clínicas de los pacientes nuevos atendidos entre los años 2011 y 2013 en un centro de salud mental de referencia para la macro-región sur. Resultados: El 70% de los pacientes atendidos en el periodo de estudio comprendía a adultos jóvenes y adultos de edad media, económicamente activos y solteros. Los trastornos del humor tuvieron una prevalencia durante el periodo 2011 al 2013 de 22,3%, seguidos de los trastornos psicóticos (18,3%), y los trastornos por consumo de sustancias (15,2%). Se encuentran diferencias en torno al género. Conclusiones: Los pacientes atendidos fueron en su mayoría adultos jóvenes y adultos de edad media, lo que incrementa los años de vida saludable perdidos por tratarse de trastornos que tienden a la cronificación. Los trastornos del humor, psicóticos y trastornos por consumo de sustancias son los más prevalentes dentro de la población. Several studies reveal that neuro-psychiatric illnesses are the greatest relative weight burden of disability across the world. The determination of prevalence and incidence of these disorders is an important step in the understanding of their impact in a particular region and generating clinical interventions and preventive policies. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and incidence of mental disorders in the Southern region of Peru between the years 2011-2013. Materials and Methods: We use a descriptive epidemiological approach based on the evaluation and analysis of clinical documents. A non-probability sampling method was used to allow the examination of 1489 clinical records of new cases registered in a mental health center. Results: More than 70% of treated individuals were young and middle-aged adults, economically active and single. The presence of mood disorders, with a prevalence of 22.3%, followed by psychotic disorders (18.3%), and substance use disorders (15.2%) were the most prominent findings. Gender-based trends were different. Conclusions:Mood disorders, psychotic and substance use disorders were the most prevalent within the studied population.The findings of this study confirmed that, due to the prevalence of important mental disorders mostly among young and middle-aged adults, the lost years of healthy life are significant and that the risks of chronicity are high.
- Published
- 2016
72. Mentalización y teoría de la mente.
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Zegarra-Valdivia, Jonathan, primary and Chino Vilca, Brenda, primary
- Published
- 2017
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73. Insulin-like growth factor type 1 and its relation with neuropsychiatric disorders
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Zegarra-Valdivia, Jonathan Adrián, primary
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- 2017
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74. Prevalencia de patología dual en el sur del Perú: estudio clínico-descriptivo
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Zegarra Valdivia, Jonathan A., Chino, Brenda N., Cazorla Perez, Ernesto, Zegarra Valdivia, Jonathan A., Chino, Brenda N., and Cazorla Perez, Ernesto
- Abstract
La comorbilidad entre un trastorno por uso de sustancias y otros trastornos psiquiátricos o patología dual (PD) se caracteriza por la dificultad en su abordaje terapéutico, recaídas constantes e ingresos hospitalarios. Nuestro objetivo fue conocer la prevalencia de PD en un centro psiquiátrico de Arequipa-Perú. Es un estudio descriptivo epidemiológico basado en el análisis de 445 historias clínicas (HC) de pacientes ingresados durante el lapso de tres años (periodo 2011-2013). Se establecieron características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los sujetos comparando entre quienes presentaron un diagnóstico de PD, con aquellos que solo tuvieron diagnóstico por consumo de sustancias psicótropas. Los resultados evidencian una prevalencia de patología dual de 49%. Las edades promedio fueron de M = 31.45, DE = 15.59 en el grupo con patología dual (CPD) y M = 33.93, DE = 15.48 en el grupo sin patología dual (SPD); la prevalencia del consumo de sustancias SPD fue del 51%. El alcohol fue la sustancia más consumida, seguida de cannabis, marihuana y la pasta básica de cocaína (PBC). Se evidencia la vulnerabilidad socio-familiar e individual de la población en cuanto a protección o resistencia frente a la enfermedad mental, además de la carencia de políticas efectivas en salud mental, que muestran peor pronóstico e índices cada vez más elevados.
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- 2016
75. Perfil clínico y epidemiológico de pacientes atendidos en el Centro de Salud Mental “Moisés Heresi” de Arequipa - Perú, entre los años 2011 y 2013.
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Zegarra-Valdivia, Jonathan, primary, Cazorla Pérez, Ernesto, additional, and Chino Vilca, Brenda, additional
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- 2016
- Full Text
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76. Prevalencia de patología dual en el sur del Perú: estudio clínico-descriptivo
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Zegarra-Valdivia, Jonathan A., primary, Chino Vilca, Brenda Nadia, additional, and Cazorla Perez, Ernesto, additional
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- 2016
- Full Text
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77. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COGNITIVE DISORDERS IN OLD PERUVIANS
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Zegarra Valdivia, Jonathan Adrian, Sr. and Chino Vilca, Brenda Nadia
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- 2018
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78. IGF‐I modulation of emotion and social interaction through Locus Coeruleus in aging and AD mice.
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Zegarra‐Valdivia, Jonathan Adrian, Fernandez, Jansen, Nuñez, Angel, and Torres‐Alemán, Ignacio
- Abstract
Background: Insulin‐like Growth Factor I (IGF‐I) is a peptide involved in many processes in the brain. Recently, we described how IGF‐I modulates sleep behavior, response to stress, and its role in cognition through cholinergic, orexinergic, and locus coeruleus nuclei. Nonetheless, IGF‐I modulation of social behavior remains explored, especially during aging and Alzheimer's disease pathology. This study aims to determine how IGF‐I modulates emotion and social behavior through Locus Coeruleus activity in young (<6m), middle‐aged (<12m, and old control (>18m), transgenic APP/PS1 and DPS‐4 mice, from the same ages. Method: We use extensive behavioral testing of cognition (Y Maze spontaneous activity) and emotion (Forced Swim Test, Elevated Plus Maze), social interaction (Social affiliation and social novelty/Preference), and another test. We also use electrophysiology to determine LC responses to IGF‐I as DPS‐4 neurotoxin to evaluate the role of LC in emotion and social interaction. Results: We now report that social behavior is reduced through aging in control mice, even after the cognitive decline. Moreover, APP/PS1 present similar social interaction alterations to old C57 mice (>18m). Further, the activation of electrically stimulated LH neurons by local IGF‐I in young mice was reduced in middle‐aged and aged mice. Middle‐age C57 mice injected with DSP‐4 mice and APP/PS1 present disrupted social behavior and LC activity. Conclusion: Consequently, IGF‐I can activate and modulate LC responses with our results. Social and emotional disturbances may be related to IGF‐I resistance in LC, reflecting a broader loss of IGF‐I activity in the aged mouse brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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79. Cognitive and emotional theory of mind in dementia. Impact on real life behaviors.
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Zegarra‐Valdivia, Jonathan Adrian, Rijpma, Myrthe Gwen, Shany‐Ur, Tal, Kramer, Joel H., Miller, Bruce L., and Rankin, Katherine P
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Background: Theory of mind (ToM) is a core cognitive process that allows regular socioemotional interaction in everyday life. ToM deficits may explain some essential behavior alterations in dementia, particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). This study aimed to (1) identify ToM differences across dementia syndromes and (2) determine if ToM scores predict neuropsychiatric function. Method: We evaluated 304 participants (age 64.07±9.2) divided into six groups (healthy control, NC = 41; AD = 34; behavioral variant FTD = 96; semantic aphasia; svPPA = 38, nonfluent aphasia; nfvPPA = 47, and progressive supranuclear palsy; PSP = 48) using the UCSF Emotional and Cognitive ToM Test on the TabCAT platform and comprehensive neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric testing. Pa Patients were early in their disease (Clinical Dementia Rating: 0.80±0.53). We compared ToM between groups and used regression models controlling by age and sex to determine if ToM predicted neuropsychiatric symptoms. Result: Cognitive ToM was impaired in AD, bvFTD, svPPA, and PSP (p<0.0001), and all groups had impaired emotional ToM (p<0.0001). Both cToM and eToM performance predicted a real‐life neuropsychiatric behavior syndrome, including anxiety, apathy, disinhibition, and aberrant motor subscales scores on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory questionnaire, even after controlling for the influence of bvFTD diagnosis. Conclusion: Cognitive and Emotional ToM are affected early in diverse dementia syndromes, and impaired ToM test performance can predict a real‐life neuropsychiatric behavior. Assessment of ToM and other aspects of social cognition can be beneficial for the early identification of behavioral alterations in dementia cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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80. Funcionamiento ejecutivo, teoría de la mente y toma de decisiones en pacientes estabilizados con esquizofrenia paranoide del sur del Perú.
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Zegarra-Valdivia, Jonathan A.
- Abstract
Introduction: The neuropsychological perspective is one of the most influential practices for the study of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. The development of neuropsychological profiles are especially useful for studying the pathogenesis and rehabilitation of the illness. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate and analyze the performance of subjects with paranoid schizophrenia in several neuropsychological tasks such as executive functioning, theory of mind and decision-making. Methods: In all, 15 stabilized adults with paranoid schizophrenia (age 34.73 ± 9.32 years), diagnosed with DSM-IV-TR criteria, with a mean of 15.00 ± 9.39 years of disease length compared to 25 healthy adults (age 33.15 ± 11.01 years). The patients were evaluated with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, verbal fluency tasks; forward and reverse tasks digit sequence and numbersand- letters of the WAIS-III, Trail Making Test form A and B; and the test of mind reading through the eyes and the IOWA gambling task. Results: In executive functioning, they showed statistically significant differences for the tasks evaluated, particularly for WCST1 (p<0.000), the theory of mind (p<0.001), and the Iowa gambling task (p<0.001). We found highly significant differences between the domains assessed. Conclusion: Many differences were observed about their functioning and neuropsychological profile in the domains evaluated between patients and healthy controls. In the group of patients we found failures in these cognitive processes that are of special interest in clinical practice to address its pathogenesis and cognitive rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
81. Loss of sensitivity to insulin‐like growth factor I in orexin neurons is associated to perturbed sleep patterns during aging.
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Zegarra‐Valdivia, Jonathan Adrian, Fernandes, Jansen, Pignatelli, Jaime, Martinez‐Rachadell, Laura, Nuñez, Angel, Torres‐Alemán, Ignacio, and de Sevilla, Maria Estrella Fernández
- Abstract
Background: Sleep disturbances are common during aging. Old mice show altered sleep structure, with changes in both slow and fast electro‐corticographic (ECG) activity, and less transitions between sleep and wake stages, as compared to young animals. Insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I), that is involved in hormonal changes during aging, was previously shown to increase ECG patterns in young mice and monkeys. More recently, we observed that IGF‐I shapes sleep architecture through modulation of the activity of mouse orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LH). Method: We now report that both stimulation of ECG patterns and activation of orexin neurons by systemic IGF‐I were abrogated in old mice. Further, activation of orthodromically stimulated LH neurons by either systemic or local IGF‐I in young mice was absent in old mice. Result: As orexin neurons of old mice show markedly increased IGF‐I receptor (IGF‐IR) levels, suggesting loss of sensitivity to IGF‐I, we treated them with AIK3a305, a novel IGF‐IR sensitizer, and observed restored responses to IGF‐I and rejuvenation of ECG patterns. Conclusion: Thus, disturbed sleep structure in aging mice may be related to IGF‐I resistance in orexin neurons, reflecting a broader loss of IGF‐I activity in the aged mouse brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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82. Cholinergic and cortical activity is recovered by insulin‐like growth factor I in aging mice brains.
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Zegarra‐Valdivia, Jonathan Adrian, Torres‐Alemán, Ignacio, and Nuñez, Angel
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Background: It is known that IGF‐I facilitates a waking state and modulates sleep architecture through the activation of orexinergic neurons. However, IGF‐I may activate other neurons that may facilitate waking states, such as the locus coeruleus and the basal forebrain, orchestrating an intricate role in brain and cortical regulation. The BF is a structure that contains cholinergic neurons that project entirely to the brain cortex and support cerebral activity and cognitive function. Besides, cholinergic dysfunction through aging has been related to AD and cognitive decline. This work aims to determine if IGF‐I has a modulatory role in cortical and BF activity, facilitating waking state by activating cholinergic neurons in young and old mice. Method: We use transgenic mice models with channel‐rhodopsin specifically in cholinergic neurons, and C57 (less than 6 months and over 22 months of age). We take advantage of immunofluorescence, electrophysiology and optogenetics experiments. Results: We demonstrate that ChAT neurons have IGF‐I receptors and respond to intraparenchymal IGF‐I diffusion, facilitating an increased firing rate in young but not in old mice. This facilitation of cholinergic activity by IGF‐I increases the EEG activation (faster activity increases in the power spectrum). The effect depends on muscarinic receptors because their activity is blocked by atropine. Also, IGF‐I facilitates theta rhythm generation that is a hallmark of the waking state in young rodents. After IGF‐I chronic treatment, the waking state's effects, ChAT neuronal response, and cortical activity was recovered in old mice. Conclusion: Consequently with our results, IGF‐I can activate wakefulness by synchronously activating structures that favor it. This finding may suggest that IGF‐I or mimetic drugs of this peptide would favor cholinergic activity during aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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83. Resting State Electrophysiological Profiles and Their Relationship with Cognitive Performance in Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults: A Systematic Review.
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Chino B, López-Sanz D, Doval S, Torres-Simón L, de Frutos Lucas J, Giménez-Llort L, Zegarra-Valdivia J, and Maestú F
- Subjects
- Humans, Aged, Rest physiology, Aging physiology, Aging psychology, Electroencephalography, Neuropsychological Tests, Cognition physiology, Brain physiology
- Abstract
Background: Aging is a complex and natural process. The physiological decline related to aging is accompanied by a slowdown in cognitive processes, which begins shortly after individuals reach maturity. These changes have been sometimes interpreted as a compensatory sign and others as a fingerprint of deterioration., Objective: In this context, our aim is to uncover the mechanisms that underlie and support normal cognitive functioning in the brain during the later stages of life., Methods: With this purpose, a systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, which identified 781 potential articles. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected 12 studies that examined the brain oscillations patterns in resting-state conditions associated with cognitive performance in cognitively unimpaired older adults., Results: Although cognitive healthy aging was characterized differently across studies, and various approaches to analyzing brain activity were employed, our review indicates a relationship between alpha peak frequency (APF) and improved performance in neuropsychological scores among cognitively unimpaired older adults., Conclusions: A higher APF is linked with a higher score in intelligence, executive function, and general cognitive performance, and could be considered an optimal, and easy-to-assess, electrophysiological marker of cognitive health in older adults.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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