Author: "ZRC SAZU" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"ZRC SAZU"' showing total 153 results

Start Over Author "ZRC SAZU"

153 results on '"ZRC SAZU"'

51. Developing FAIR Ontological Pathways

Author: Samuel Leturcq, Rachel Opitz, Žiga Kokalj, Xavier Rodier, Philip Verhagen, Catherine Fruchart, Thérèse Libourel, Laure Nuninger, Nathanael Le Voguer, Clément Laplaige, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), University of Glasgow, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Tours, ZRC SAZU, Art and Culture, History, Antiquity, CLUE+, Network Institute, Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux (MSHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Archaeology, School of Humanities, University of Glasgow, Research Institute for Culture, Cognition, History and Heritage (CLUE+), Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés (CITERES), Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maison des Sciences de l'Homme Val de Loire (MSH VL), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, Context (archaeology), Knowledge representation and reasoning, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Process (engineering), Computer science, Interoperability, pathways, Ontology (information science), 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QA75.5-76.95, 0601 history and archaeology, ontologies, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], lcsh:CC1-960, lidar, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, 060102 archaeology, Scale (chemistry), 06 humanities and the arts, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, CC, fair, Data science, Computer Science Applications, Variety (cybernetics), Metadata, lcsh:Archaeology, lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science, movement
Abstract: This paper proposes an ontological approach to connect the archaeological topographic evidence for movement in the landscape which can be derived from interpretation and spatial analysis of airborne lidar data with models of movement derived from modeling exercises such as Agent Based Modelling or Cost Path Modelling. This computational ontology enables the investigation of movement and its topographic manifestations in the landscape at various spatio-temporal scales. It creates an explicit framework for accessing meaningful information about movement generated through research using both detection and modelling-led approaches. Developing explicit computational frameworks to provide meaningful context is critical, particularly as remote sensing and modelling projects increase in scale and complexity. The process of developing a computational ontology exposes a deeper underlying issue, and one applicable to many topics we address as archaeologists: if we begin to unpack the concept of ‘movement’ it is readily apparent that it is a complex phenomenon, like many human habits, and studying it requires drawing together a variety of types of physical evidence and multiple, often competing, theoretical models of human processes and practices. If we wish to make archaeological ‘data’ on movement available, how do we create appropriate contextual information – really useful metadata – so that this data can be incorporated into the variety of studies for which knowledge of movement is relevant? This is essentially the challenge posed broadly by the FAIR principles, and in particular by the principle of interoperability, which suggests that we “use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation”. Rather than simply seeking to fulfill the requirements of an arbitrary standard, attempting to meet the challenge of interoperability provides an impetus and opportunity to attempt to bridge the gap between data and model, and to reconsider how we conceive and represent knowledge in archaeological digital data and modelling projects. This kind of computational ontology, we suggest, can serve as the key for making the data from both these sources actually FAIR.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

52. Archivage des ensembles de données numériques archéologiques en Slovénie : contexte historique et pratique actuelle

Author: Benjamin Štular and ZRC SAZU
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, History, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 060102 archaeology, Context (archaeology), [SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, Data_MISCELLANEOUS, digital archiving, zrc sazu, archaeology, digital archaeology, 06 humanities and the arts, 01 natural sciences, Data science, digital archives, archiving, Current practice, 0601 history and archaeology, slovenia, CC1-960, digital data, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; This article presents the archiving of archaeological digital datasets in Slovenia in its historic context. The datasets discussed have been separated into three categories: non-reproducible datasets, reproducible datasets, and registries. Several reproducible datasets created by ZRC SAZU have been freely available online since the early 2000s, but the number of users is small and those benefiting often do not adhere to clearly stated copyright limitations. There is a large discrepancy between the stated interest and the actual usage of reproducible, let alone non-reproducible, online datasets disseminated as open access. In addition, adherence to fair use cannot be expected unless enforced. The key outcome of this study is that it has exposed a total absence of systemic archiving practice for non-reproducible digital datasets. The article concludes with recommendations and next steps that could be taken to address these issues in future. First and foremost, a systemic approach to digital archiving is urgently needed if the irreversible damage to the decades worth of born-digital non-reproducible digital data is to be averted.; Cet article présente l'archivage des jeux de données archéologiques numériques en Slovénie dans son contexte historique. Les ensembles de données discutés ont été séparés en trois catégories : les ensembles de données non reproductibles, les ensembles de données reproductibles et les registres. Plusieurs ensembles de données reproductibles créés par ZRC SAZU sont disponibles gratuitement en ligne depuis le début des années 2000, mais le nombre d'utilisateurs est faible et ceux qui en bénéficient ne respectent souvent pas les limitations de droits d'auteur clairement énoncées. Il existe un écart important entre l'intérêt déclaré et l'utilisation réelle d'ensembles de données en ligne reproductibles, et encore moins non reproductibles, diffusés en libre accès. En outre, le respect de l'usage loyal ne peut être attendu à moins d'être appliqué. Le principal résultat de cette étude est qu'elle a révélé une absence totale de pratique d'archivage systémique pour les ensembles de données numériques non reproductibles. L'article se termine par des recommandations et les prochaines mesures qui pourraient être prises pour résoudre ces problèmes à l'avenir. Tout d'abord, une approche systémique de l'archivage numérique est nécessaire de toute urgence si l'on veut éviter les dommages irréversibles aux décennies de données numériques non reproductibles nées du numérique.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

53. Airborne LiDAR-Derived Digital Elevation Model for Archaeology

Author: Benjamin Štular, Edisa Lozić, Stefan Eichert, ZRC SAZU, Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche], Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), and University of Graz
Subjects: DTM, digital feature model, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Science, DFM, confidence map, airborne LiDAR, DEM, archaeology, airborne laser scanning, ALS, QGIS plug-in
Abstract: International audience; The use of topographic airborne LiDAR data has become an essential part of archaeological prospection, and the need for an archaeology-specific data processing workflow is well known. It is therefore surprising that little attention has been paid to the key element of processing: an archaeology-specific DEM. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to describe an archaeology-specific DEM in detail, provide a tool for its automatic precision assessment, and determine the appropriate grid resolution. We define an archaeology-specific DEM as a subtype of DEM, which is interpolated from ground points, buildings, and four morphological types of archaeological features. We introduce a confidence map (QGIS plug-in) that assigns a confidence level to each grid cell. This is primarily used to attach a confidence level to each archaeological feature, which is useful for detecting data bias in archaeological interpretation. Confidence mapping is also an effective tool for identifying the optimal grid resolution for specific datasets. Beyond archaeological applications, the confidence map provides clear criteria for segmentation, which is one of the unsolved problems of DEM interpolation. All of these are important steps towards the general methodological maturity of airborne LiDAR in archaeology, which is our ultimate goal.; L'utilisation de données LiDAR aéroportées topographiques est devenue un élément essentiel de la prospection archéologique, et la nécessité d'un flux de travail de traitement des données spécifique à l'archéologie est bien connue. Il est donc surprenant que peu d'attention ait été accordée à l'élément clé du traitement: un MNE spécifique à l'archéologie. En conséquence, le but de cet article est de décrire en détail un MNE spécifique à l'archéologie, de fournir un outil pour son évaluation automatique de la précision et de déterminer la résolution de grille appropriée. Nous définissons un DEM spécifique à l'archéologie comme un sous-type de DEM, qui est interpolé à partir de points au sol, de bâtiments et de quatre types morphologiques de caractéristiques archéologiques. Nous introduisons une carte de confiance (plug-in QGIS) qui attribue un niveau de confiance à chaque cellule de la grille. Ceci est principalement utilisé pour attacher un niveau de confiance à chaque caractéristique archéologique, ce qui est utile pour détecter les biais de données dans l'interprétation archéologique. La cartographie de confiance est également un outil efficace pour identifier la résolution de grille optimale pour des ensembles de données spécifiques. Au-delà des applications archéologiques, la carte de confiance fournit des critères clairs pour la segmentation, qui est l'un des problèmes non résolus de l'interpolation DEM. Tous ces éléments sont des étapes importantes vers la maturité méthodologique générale du LiDAR aéroporté en archéologie, qui est notre objectif ultime.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

54. Airborne LiDAR Point Cloud Processing for Archaeology. Pipeline and QGIS Toolbox

Author: Benjamin Štular, Stefan Eichert, Edisa Lozić, ZRC SAZU, Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche], and University of Graz
Subjects: open source, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Science, point cloud processing, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, airborne LiDAR, toolbox, airborne laser scanning, archaeology, ALS, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, QGIS
Abstract: International audience; The use of topographic airborne LiDAR data has become an essential part of archaeological prospection. However, as a step towards theoretically aware, impactful, and reproducible research, a more rigorous and transparent method of data processing is required. To this end, we set out to create a processing pipeline for archaeology-specific point cloud processing and derivation of products that are optimized for general-purpose data. The proposed pipeline improves on ground and building point cloud classification. The main area of innovation in the proposed pipeline is raster grid interpolation. We have improved the state-of-the-art by introducing a hybrid interpolation technique that combines inverse distance weighting with a triangulated irregular network with linear interpolation. State-of-the-art solutions for enhanced visualizations are included and essential metadata and paradata are also generated. In addition, we have introduced a QGIS plug-in that implements the pipeline as a one-step process. It reduces the manual workload by 75 to 90 percent and requires no special skills other than a general familiarity with the QGIS environment. It is intended that the pipeline and tool will contribute to the white-boxing of archaeology-specific airborne LiDAR data processing. In discussion, the role of data processing in the knowledge production process is explored.; L'utilisation de données topographiques LiDAR aéroportées est devenue un élément essentiel de la prospection archéologique. Cependant, comme étape vers une recherche théoriquement consciente, percutante et reproductible, une méthode de traitement des données plus rigoureuse et transparente est nécessaire. À cette fin, nous avons entrepris de créer un pipeline de traitement pour le traitement de nuages de points spécifiques à l'archéologie et la dérivation de produits optimisés pour les données à usage général. Le pipeline proposé améliore la classification des nuages de points au sol et des bâtiments. Le principal domaine d'innovation du pipeline proposé est l'interpolation de grille de trame. Nous avons amélioré l'état de l'art en introduisant une technique d'interpolation hybride qui combine une pondération de distance inverse avec un réseau irrégulier triangulé avec interpolation linéaire. Des solutions de pointe pour des visualisations améliorées sont incluses et des métadonnées et paradonnées essentielles sont également générées. De plus, nous avons introduit un plug-in QGIS qui implémente le pipeline en tant que processus en une seule étape. Il réduit la charge de travail manuelle de 75 à 90 pour cent et ne nécessite aucune compétence particulière autre qu'une connaissance générale de l'environnement QGIS. Il est prévu que le pipeline et l'outil contribueront à la boîte blanche du traitement des données LiDAR aéroportées spécifiques à l'archéologie. Dans la discussion, le rôle du traitement des données dans le processus de production de connaissances est exploré.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

55. Documentation of Archaeology-Specific Workflow for Airborne LiDAR Data Processing

Author: Edisa Lozić, Benjamin Štular, Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche], ZRC SAZU, ARRS N6-0132, and University of Graz
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Process (engineering), Computer science, workflow, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, prospection archéologique, 01 natural sciences, documentation, Lidar aérien, Terminology, Documentation, Black box, archaeological prospection, 0601 history and archaeology, LIDAR DATA PROCESSING, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Data processing, 060102 archaeology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, 06 humanities and the arts, Transparency (human–computer interaction), Archaeology, lcsh:Geology, Workflow, method, airborne LiDAR, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Raw data, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; Airborne LiDAR is a widely accepted tool for archaeological prospection. Over the last decade an archaeology-specific data processing workflow has been evolving, ranging from raw data acquisition and processing, point cloud processing and product derivation to archaeological interpretation, dissemination and archiving. Currently, though, there is no agreement on the specific steps or terminology. This workflow is an interpretative knowledge production process that must be documented as such to ensure the intellectual transparency and accountability required for evidence-based archaeological interpretation. However, this is rarely the case, and there are no accepted schemas, let alone standards, to do so. As a result, there is a risk that the data processing steps of the workflow will be accepted as a black box process and its results as ``hard data''. The first step in documenting a scientific process is to define it. Therefore, this paper provides a critical review of existing archaeology-specific workflows for airborne LiDAR-derived topographic data processing, resulting in an 18-step workflow with consistent terminology. Its novelty and significance lies in the fact that the existing comprehensive studies are outdated and the newer ones focus on selected aspects of the workflow. Based on the updated workflow, a good practice example for its documentation is presented.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

56. Fire hazard modulation by long-term dynamics in land cover and dominant forest type in eastern and central Europe

Author: A. Feurdean, B. Vannière, W. Finsinger, D. Warren, S. C. Connor, M. Forrest, J. Liakka, A. Panait, C. Werner, M. Andrič, P. Bobek, V. A. Carter, B. Davis, A.-C. Diaconu, E. Dietze, I. Feeser, G. Florescu, M. Gałka, T. Giesecke, S. Jahns, E. Jamrichová, K. Kajukało, J. Kaplan, M. Karpińska-Kołaczek, P. Kołaczek, P. Kuneš, D. Kupriyanov, M. Lamentowicz, C. Lemmen, E. K. Magyari, K. Marcisz, E. Marinova, A. Niamir, E. Novenko, M. Obremska, A. Pędziszewska, M. Pfeiffer, A. Poska, M. Rösch, M. Słowiński, M. Stančikaitė, M. Szal, J. Święta-Musznicka, I. Tanţău, M. Theuerkauf, S. Tonkov, O. Valkó, J. Vassiljev, S. Veski, I. Vincze, A. Wacnik, J. Wiethold, T. Hickler, Palaeo-ecologie, Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Senckenberg biodiversität und klima forschungszentrum (BIK-F), Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg (SGN), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center [Bergen] (NERSC), Babes-Bolyai University [Cluj-Napoca] (UBB), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Institut za arheologijo (ZRC SAZU), Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU - Institut za arheologijo, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne (UNIL), GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), Institut fûr Ur- und Frühgeschichte, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Department of Geography, University of Liverpool, Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Landesmuseum, Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Biogeography and Paleoecology, Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), GINOP Sustainable Ecosystem Research Group, MTA Centre for Ecological Research [Tihany], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), MTA-MTM-ELTE Research Group for Paleontology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Department of Botany, Sofia University 'Sv. Kliment Ohridski', Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Department of Plant Ecology, Gdansk University, University of Gdańsk (UG), Institute of Geology, University of Bern, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nature Research Centre [Vilnius], Department of Palaeobotany, Institute of Biology, Białystok University of Technology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, University of Sofia, Institute of Geology at Tallinn, Tallinn University of Technology (TTÜ), W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), PAGES Global Charcoal Database, ANR-09-CEPL-0004,OBRESOC,Un observatoire rétrospectif d'une société archéologique: La trajectoire du néolithique Rubané.(2009), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski', and Софийски университет = Sofia University
Subjects: KA BP, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, IMPACT, Climate, lcsh:Life, 580 Plants (Botany), 01 natural sciences, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, ddc:550, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Holocene, ddc:910, Biomass (ecology), Ecology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Geology, Vegetation, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Management, SUMMER, Physical Sciences, CHARCOAL RECORDS, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, 010506 paleontology, Evolution, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, REGIMES, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Land cover, Behavior and Systematics, lcsh:QH540-549.5, MANAGEMENT, Temperate climate, Regimes, Sedimentary, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Forest floor, Science & Technology, Fire regime, Land use, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, CLIMATE, MODEL, lcsh:Geology, SEDIMENTARY, lcsh:QH501-531, Earth sciences, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, VEGETATION, Physical geography, lcsh:Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Model
Abstract: Wildfire occurrence is influenced by climate, vegetation and human activities. A key challenge for understanding the risk of fires is quantifying the mediating effect of vegetation on fire regimes. Here, we explore the relative importance of Holocene land cover, land use, dominant functional forest type, and climate dynamics on biomass burning in temperate and boreo-nemoral regions of central and eastern Europe over the past 12 kyr. We used an extensive data set of Holocene pollen and sedimentary charcoal records, in combination with climate simulations and statistical modelling. Biomass burning was highest during the early Holocene and lowest during the mid-Holocene in all three ecoregions (Atlantic, continental and boreo-nemoral) but was more spatially variable over the past 3–4 kyr. Although climate explained a significant variance in biomass burning during the early Holocene, tree cover was consistently the highest predictor of past biomass burning over the past 8 kyr. In temperate forests, biomass burning was high at ∼45 % tree cover and decreased to a minimum at between 60 % and 70 % tree cover. In needleleaf-dominated forests, biomass burning was highest at ∼ 60 %–65 % tree cover and steeply declined at >65 % tree cover. Biomass burning also increased when arable lands and grasslands reached ∼ 15 %–20 %, although this relationship was variable depending on land use practice via ignition sources, fuel type and quantities. Higher tree cover reduced the amount of solar radiation reaching the forest floor and could provide moister, more wind-protected microclimates underneath canopies, thereby decreasing fuel flammability. Tree cover at which biomass burning increased appears to be driven by warmer and drier summer conditions during the early Holocene and by increasing human influence on land cover during the late Holocene. We suggest that long-term fire hazard may be effectively reduced through land cover management, given that land cover has controlled fire regimes under the dynamic climates of the Holocene.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

57. Fundamental research questions in subterranean biology

Author: Johanna E. Kowalko, Ana Sofia P. S. Reboleira, Maja Zagmajster, J. Judson Wynne, Paulo A. V. Borges, Thais Giovannini Pellegrini, Meredith Protas, Florian Malard, Stefano Mammola, Naowarat Cheeptham, Melissa B. Meierhofer, Raoul Manenti, Louis Deharveng, William R. Jeffery, Jure Jugovic, Žiga Fišer, Michael P. Venarsky, Cene Fišer, Matthew L. Niemiller, Isabel R. Amorim, David C. Culver, Diana E. Northup, Alejandro Martínez, Tanja Pipan, Daniel W. Fong, Pedro Cardoso, Steven J. B. Cooper, David Eme, Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira, Thomas M. Lilley, Maria Elina Bichuette, Christian Griebler, Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki (LUOMUS), Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR), Centre for Ecology - Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Laboratory of Subterranean Studies, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Thompson Rivers University, Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity (ACEBB), University of Adelaide, Department of Environmental Science [Washington], American University Washington D.C. (AU), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Ifremer BE/LBCM Centre Atlantique, Center of Studies in Subterranean Biology, Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras, SubBioLab [Ljubljana, Slovénie], University of Ljubljana, Department of Biology, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Division of Limnology, University of Vienna [Vienna], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Department of Biodiversity, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University [Boca Raton], BatLab Finland, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Environmental Science and Policy [Milano], Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Department of Rangeland, Wildlife and Fisheries Management, Texas A&M University–Commerce, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Department of Biology [New Mexico], The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], ZRC SAZU Karst Research Institute, UNESCO Chair on Karst Education, University of Nova Gorica, Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Domenicas University of California, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University [Brisbane], Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Adaptable Western Landscapes, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Finnish Museum of Natural History, and Zoology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Big data, DIVERSITY, Globe, REGRESSIVE EVOLUTION, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, groundwater, Natural (music), Groundwater, Horizon Scanning, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, 0303 health sciences, FRESH-WATER CRAYFISHES, Ecology, Scope (project management), Research Questions, Genomics, Expert Opinion, Adaptation, Physiological, expert opinion, Caves, medicine.anatomical_structure, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, stygofauna, Engineering ethics, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, CAVE CONSERVATION, Geology, SPECIES RICHNESS PATTERNS, Stygofauna, Ecology (disciplines), media_common.quotation_subject, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, troglobionts, GENE FLOW, medicine, Adaptation (computer science), 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, DIVING BEETLES, 15. Life on land, research questions, LIFE, 13. Climate action, cave biology, BIODIVERSITY, Biospeleology, Troglobionts, biospeleology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Cave Biology, horizon scanning, Diversity (politics)
Abstract: Five decades ago, a landmark paper in Science titled The Cave Environment heralded caves as ideal natural experimental laboratories in which to develop and address general questions in geology, ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology. Although the 'caves as laboratory' paradigm has since been advocated by subterranean biologists, there are few examples of studies that successfully translated their results into general principles. The contemporary era of big data, modelling tools, and revolutionary advances in genetics and (meta)genomics provides an opportunity to revisit unresolved questions and challenges, as well as examine promising new avenues of research in subterranean biology. Accordingly, we have developed a roadmap to guide future research endeavours in subterranean biology by adapting a well-established methodology of 'horizon scanning' to identify the highest priority research questions across six subject areas. Based on the expert opinion of 30 scientists from around the globe with complementary expertise and of different academic ages, we assembled an initial list of 258 fundamental questions concentrating on macroecology and microbial ecology, adaptation, evolution, and conservation. Subsequently, through online surveys, 130 subterranean biologists with various backgrounds assisted us in reducing our list to 50 top-priority questions. These research questions are broad in scope and ready to be addressed in the next decade. We believe this exercise will stimulate research towards a deeper understanding of subterranean biology and foster hypothesis-driven studies likely to resonate broadly from the traditional boundaries of this field. S.M acknowledge support by the CAWEB project “Testing macroecological theory using simplified systems”, funded by the European Commission through Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) individual fellowships (Grant no. 882221). I.R.A. was supported by Portuguese funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., under the Norma Transitória – DL57/2016/ CP1375/CT0003. D.E. was supported by IFREMER and by the CERES “Climate change and European Aquatic Resources” project funded by European Commission through Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant no. 678193). C.F., Z.F., and M.Z. were supported by the Slovenian Research Agency (program P1-0184, project N1-0069). J.E.K. was funded by NSF awards DEB1754231 and IOS1933428, and EDGE award 1923372. F.M. was supported by the French National Research Agency projects CONVERGENOMICS (ANR-15-CE32-0005) and EUR H2O’Lyon (ANR-17-EURE-0018). A.M. was supported by the ANCAVE project “Anchialine caves to understand evolutionary processes”, funded by the European Commission through Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) individual fellowships (Grant no. 745530). P.A.V.B. was supported by the project AZORESBIOPORTAL – PORBIOTA (ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000072), financed by FEDER in 85% and by Azorean Public funds by 15% through Operational Program Azores 2020. A.S.P.S.R. was supported by VILLUM FONDEN (Grant no. 15471) and by a Carlsbergfondet grant (CF19-0609). T.G.P. was supported by Vale S.A. and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) for individual fellowship (RDP 00092-18). T.P. was supported by the Karst Research Programme P6-0119, LifeWatch ERIC, RI-SI LifeWatch, and EU H2020 project eLTER. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

58. 6600 years of human and climate impacts on lake-catchment and vegetation in the Julian Alps (Lake Bohinj, Slovenia)

Author: William Rapuc, Nives Ogrinc, Ulrich von Grafenstein, Maja Andrič, Fabien Arnaud, Andrej Šmuc, Matej Dolenec, Pierre Sabatier, ZRC SAZU, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), University of Ljubljana, Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, Watershed, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Drainage basin, 01 natural sciences, Paleolimnology, Vegetation dynamics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Stable isotopes, Palynology, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Flood myth, Terrigenous sediment, Geology, Human impact, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Sedimentology, Europe, 13. Climate action, Soil erosion, Pollen, Inorganic geochemistry, Physical geography, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology
Abstract: International audience; Mountain grazing and ore processing had a significant impact on the Alpine environment in the last 5000 years, but few studies have so far focused on environmental changes of the south eastern Alps. This study investigates the vegetation history and sedimentary processes in the catchment of Lake Bohinj (Julian Alps, Slovenia), where a 12-m-long core was collected in the central part of the lake. Sediment in the early Holocene section of the core was partially reworked due to a major seismic event dated to 6711–6523 yr cal BP (Rapuc et al. 2018), therefore a detailed palaeoenvironmental reconstruction was performed only for the top 4.4 m of the core. Here the results of mineralogical, sedimentological, geochemical, stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N), and pollen analysis are presented in order to better understand the impact of people (agriculture, grazing, mining) on the environment, and climate-human interactions over the last 6600 years.The results of palynological research suggest that at ca. 6000 yr cal BP Lake Bohinj was surrounded by mixed forest composed of Picea, Abies, deciduous Quercus, with Fagus becoming dominant after ca. 3300 yr cal BP. In the Bronze and especially the Iron Age (3500–2500 yr cal BP), when the region was, according to archaeological data, densely populated, clearing of forests due to agriculture, livestock production and metallurgical activities was detected through Cerealia type pollen, Plantago lanceolata, and the decline of Abies. These activities probably triggered soil erosion recorded as increased sedimentation rates. In the subsequent centuries human impact on the environment continued (increased), but it seems that the watershed was not destabilised again. Several periods of high terrigenous input were recorded at 6100–6000, 5700–5550, 5000–4600, 3900, 3700–3550, 2300–2200 yr cal BP and could be associated with a mobilisation of river inflow from the eastern flysch bearing catchment, due to river migration during periods of wetter climate. These flood patterns match with periods of enhanced flood activity in the wider Alpine region.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

59. Science should be open, right?: A survey conducted by the Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (ZRC SAZU) on the use of academic literature and open science

Author: Pogačnik, Aleš and ZRC SAZU
Subjects: [SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, open science, Slovenia, survey
Abstract: International audience; What does “open science” mean to researchers? A survey of researchers at the Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (ZRC SAZU) suggests some interesting conclusions, particularly as far as the humanities are concerned. According to the responses, most of these researchers are in favour of open science as a matter of personal conviction. However, when it comes to publishing their own work, hardly any would consent to being published under some basic conditions of open science (adaptation, commercial use). Furthermore, they do appreciate subscription-based e-libraries, although they admit to using other methods, e.g. “resourcefulness”, to gain access to research papers. They would rather not pay to be published or to acquire an e-article of a fellow researcher. They read predominantly in English, with the second language of their research literature being Slovenian (before any other language). Even the most productive age group (40–50 years of age) write more articles than they perform peer-reviewing. They do not support open reviews, yet they consider peer-reviews to be very important; in their opinion peer-reviewing should be included in their evaluation. The survey and its results are just a minor example from a European country, but they have a very clear and universal message: open science is something yet to be defined.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

60. Gypsum speleothems in lava tubes from Lanzarote (Canary Islands). Ion sources and pathways

Author: Pedro, Huerta, Andrea, Martín-Pérez, Rebeca, Martín-García, Álvaro, Rodríguez-Berriguete, Ángel , La Iglesia Fernández, Ana María, Alonso-Zarza, Universidad de Salamanca, Institute of Palaeontology ZRC SAZU - Ljubljana, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Instituto de Geociencias [Madrid] (IGEO), and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM)
Subjects: Sulphur isotopes, Marine spray, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Gypsum speleothems, Strontium isotopes, Lava tube
Abstract: International audience; Lava tubes from Lanzarote Island in the Canary Archipelago commonly show white speleothems that stand out from the black basaltic rock. Mineralogical analyses of the speleothems from El Covón and Chifletera lava tubes show that gypsum is the dominant mineral with minor amounts of halite. Speleothems composed of microcrystalline gypsum (up to 150 μm long) are: coatings, globules, or extensive white powder accumulations covering the tube floor. Those composed of macrocrystalline gypsum with millimetric-size tabular and lenticular crystals are: crusts and stalactites. Uranium series dating of speleothems show ages ranging from 6217 ± 1644 yr to 40,039 ± 4748 yr. δ34S and the δ18O of gypsum speleothems (δ34S is 20.97‰ V-CDT and δ18O is 9.78‰ V-SMOW) is similar to that of sulphate dissolved in seawater. 87Sr/86Sr from speleothems (0.708665–0.708976) suggests that the main source of Ca is seawater, but additional Ca contributions from aeolian dust have reduced the Sr isotope values. These data support the idea that gypsum precipitates in the lava tube by evaporation of marine spray or solutions derived from marine spray. Two probable vias for ions input into the lava tube are considered: 1) sea spray circulating through the lava tube; 2) low-frequency rain infiltration leaching the marine spray salts precipitated at the surface. The constant supply of ions from sea spray, air currents in the cave, and the fast, but partial, evaporation due to the high relative humidity in the lava tube favours accumulation of major amounts of gypsum and subordinately halite. Scarcity of precipitation in the western Canary Islands prevents dissolution of gypsum speleothems.
Published: 2019

61. Martyrology, a (Pseudo-)historical Source: the case of Prudentius’ Hymn in Honour of the St. Quirinus

Author: Gregor Pobežin, Grzelak-Krzymianowska, Adriana, Woźniak, Maria Judyta, and University of Primorska, Faculty of Humanities and ZRC SAZU, Institute of Cultural History
Subjects: Hymn, Honour, St. Quirinus, media_common.quotation_subject, Prudentius, martyrology, Art, Theology, St. Severinus, media_common
Abstract: This paper deals with the historical value of martyrologies, such as Eugippus’ vita of St. Severinus and especially the poetic transcript of a fourth-century martyrology, the vita of St. Quirinus. Both saints were horrifically executed but later faced a similar fate: their bodies were exhumed and transferred to Italy, and their relics scattered all over the towns of the North Adriatic.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

62. Fire risk modulation by long-term dynamics in land cover and dominant forest type in Eastern and Central Europe

Author: Angelica Feurdean, Boris Vannière, Walter Finsinger, Dan Warren, Simon C. Connor, Matthew Forrest, Johan Liakka, Andrei Panait, Christian Werner, Maja Andrič, Premysl Bobek, Vachel A. Carter, Basil Davis, Andrei-Cosmin Diaconu, Elisabeth Dietze, Ingo Feeser, Gabriela Florescu, Mariusz Gałka, Thomas Giesecke, Susanne Jahns, Eva Jamrichová, Katarzyna Kajukało, Jed Kaplan, Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek, Piotr Kołaczek, Petr Kuneš, Dimitry Kupriyanov, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Carsten Lemmen, Enikö K. Magyari, Katarzyna Marcisz, Elena Marinova, Aidin Niamir, Elena Novenko, Milena Obremska, Anna Pędziszewska, Mirjam Pfeiffer, Anneli Poska, Manfred Rösch, Michal Słowiński, Miglė Stančikaitė, Marta Szal, Joanna Święta-Musznicka, Ioan Tanţău, Martin Theuerkauf, Spassimir Tonkov, Orsolya Valkó, Juri Vassiljev, Siim Veski, Ildiko Vincze, Agnieszka Wacnik, Julian Wiethold, Thomas Hickler, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center [Bergen] (NERSC), Babes-Bolyai University [Cluj-Napoca] (UBB), Heidelberg University, Institut za arheologijo (ZRC SAZU), Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU - Institut za arheologijo, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne (UNIL), GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), Institut fûr Ur- und Frühgeschichte, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Georg-August-University [Göttingen]-Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Landesmuseum, Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, ARVE, Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), MTA-MTM-ELTE Research Group for Paleontology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), GINOP Sustainable Ecosystem Research Group, MTA Centre for Ecological Research [Tihany], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Landesdenkmalamt, Baden-Württemberg, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Department of Plant Ecology, Gdansk University, University of Gdańsk (UG), Senckenberg biodiversität und klima forschungszentrum (BIK-F), Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg (SGN), Institute of Geology, University of Bern, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nature Research Centre [Vilnius], Department of Palaeobotany, Institute of Biology, Białystok University of Technology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, University of Sofia, Institute of Geology at Tallinn, Tallinn University of Technology (TTÜ), Department of Palaeobotany, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), German Research Foundation (grant nos. FE-1096/4-1 and FE-1096/6-1). Additional financial support also came from the Slovenian Research Agency (grant nos. P6-0064 and J7-6857), the UEFISCDI in Romania (grant no. PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2016-0711), the Research Council of Lithuania (grant no. S-MIP-17-133), the Swiss Government Excellence Postdoctoral Scholarship (grant no. FIRECO 2016.0310), the National Science Centre in Poland (grant nos. 2015/17/B/ST10/01656 and 2015/17/B/ST10/03430), the Czech Science Foundation (grant nos. 16-06915S, 19-14271Y and GA14-22658S), the Estonian Research Council (grant no. PRG323), the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant no. RVO 67985939), the ANR OBRESOC project (grant no. ANR 09-CEP-004-01), and the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office., PAGES Global Charcoal Database, ANR-09-CEPL-0004,OBRESOC,Un observatoire rétrospectif d'une société archéologique: La trajectoire du néolithique Rubané.(2009), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen-Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Софийски университет = Sofia University, and Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, biomass burning, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Holocene, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Human impact, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Fire hazard, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, 13. Climate action, tree cover, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Wildfire occurrence is influenced by climate, vegetation and human activities. A key challenge for understanding fire-climate-vegetation interactions is to quantify the effect vegetation has in mediating fire regime. Here, we explore the relative importance of Holocene land cover and dominant functional forest type, and climate dynamics on biomass burned in temperate and boreo-nemoral regions of Central and Eastern Europe over the past 12 ka BP years. We used an extensive data set of Holocene pollen and sedimentary charcoal records, in combination with climate simulations and novel statistical modelling. Biomass burned was highest during the early Holocene and lowest during the mid Holocene in all three ecoregions, but diverged more markedly over the past 3–4 ka BP. Although the climate was an important driver of fire hazard during the warm and dry early Holocene, tree cover was consistently the strongest predictor of past biomass burning. In temperate forests, biomass burned was high at ~ 45 % tree cover and decreased strongly towards 60 % tree cover. In needleleaf dominated forests, biomass burned was highest at ~ 60–65 % tree cover and abruptly declined at > 65 % tree cover. Biomass burned also increased when arable lands and grasslands reached ~ 15–20 %, although this relationship was highly dynamic depending on land use intensity throughout ignition and fuel type and availability. Our observations cover the full range of Holocene climate variability and land cover changes and illustrates that percentages of land cover is a key predictor of the probability of fire occurrence over timescales of centuries to millennia. We suggest that long-term fire risk may be effectively reduced through land cover management, given that land cover has controlled fire regimes under the dynamic climates of the Holocene.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

63. Spatial variability of the relationships of runoff and sediment yield with weather types throughout the Mediterranean basin

Author: G. Desir, José María Senciales-González, Patricio Cid, Álvaro Gómez-Gutiérrez, Luis Merino-Martín, Carla Ferreira, Tíscar Espigares, Miguel A. Campo-Bescós, Albert Solé-Benet, Asunción Romero-Díaz, Julián Martínez-Fernández, Damien Raclot, Damià Vericat, Agata Novara, María Martínez-Mena, C. Le Bouteiller, Encarnación V. Taguas, Francesca Todisco, Antonio Canatário-Duarte, Luciano Mateos, Francesc Gallart, José Andrés López-Tarazón, Susana Bernal, Emmanouil A. Varouchakis, Y. Le Bissonnais, Mariano Moreno-de las Heras, Noemí Lana-Renault, A. Zabaleta, Dhais Peña-Angulo, M. Mercedes Taboada-Castro, Lea Wittenberg, Ramon J. Batalla, Vito Ferro, Susanne Schnabel, Xavier Úbeda, Victor Castillo, Matija Zorn, José Carlos González-Hidalgo, Ramón Bienes, Juan Albaladejo, M.T. Taboada-Castro, Feliciana Licciardello, C. Marín, V. Simonneaux, Óscar González-Pelayo, George P. Karatzas, H. Barhi, Roberto Lázaro, E. Roose, Jesús Rodrigo-Comino, Joan Estrany, Julián Campo, Elvira Díaz-Pereira, José Luis Rubio, Sébastien Klotz, Artemio Cerdà, Javier Casalí, Vicente Andreu, Helena Gómez-Macpherson, Nicolle Mathys, Yolanda Cantón, Estela Nadal-Romero, Teodoro Lasanta, Nicola Cortesi, Orestis Kairis, Rafael Giménez, Maria Jose Marques, María Fernández-Raga, A. Cheggour, José Damián Ruiz-Sinoga, Vincenzo Pampalone, José A. Gómez, Vincenzo Bagarello, Paloma Hueso-Gonzalez, José M. Nicolau, Ana Lucía, N. Moustakas, Costas Kosmas, M. L. Rodríguez-Blanco, Jérôme Latron, E. Gimeno, Juan F. Martínez-Murillo, Govern de les Illes Balears, Generalitat de Catalunya, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Universidad de Lleida, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (España), Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Ambientales (IUCA), Departamento de Geografía, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE), Soil and Water Conservation Research Group, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura, Desertification Research Centre, Department of Environmental Quality and Soils, CIDE-CSIC, Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Institut National de Recherche en Génie Rural, Eaux et Forêts de Tunisie (INRGREF), Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Faculty of Forest Sciences and Natural Resources, Universidad Austral de Chile, RIUS, Fluvial Dynamics Research Group, University of Lleida (UL), Integrative Freshwater Ecology Group, Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes, Departamento Investigación Aplicada y Extensión Agraria, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), ISFOOD Institute, Department of Projects and Rural Engineering, Universidad Pública de Navarra, School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Center for GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering (GEOBIOTEC), Universidade da Beira Interior, Department of Agronomy (Soil Science Area), University of Almeria, Department of Geography, Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group, Université de Valence, Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (LANGEBIO), Maize Genetics and Genomics Lab, CINVESTAV, Department of Earth Sciences, Centro Nacional de Supercomputación, Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Unidad de Ecología, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares (UAH), Department of Geography, Mediterranean Ecogeomorphological and Hydrological Connectivity Research Team (MEDhyCON), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Department of Applied Chemistry and Physics, University of Leon, College of Agriculture, Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences [Palermo], Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Instituto de Agricultura, INTERRA Research Institute, University of Extremadura, Department of Environment and Planning, Earth Surface Processes Team (ESP) Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Department of Natural Resources Management and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Université Grenoble Alpes (COMUE) (UGA), Area of Physical Geography, DCH, Universidad de la Rioja, Experimental Station of Arid Zones (EEZA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Department of Geography, Mediterranean Ecogeomorphological and Hydrological Connectivity Research Team (MEDhyCON) Hydrol Connect Res, Dept Geog, Palma De Mallorca 07122, Spain, Institute of Earth and Environmental Science [Potsdam], University of Potsdam, Faculty of Sciences, Center for Applied Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Instituto Hispano Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, Universidad de Salamanca, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut d'Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Valéry (Montpellier 3), Université de Montpellier (UM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Bolivie]), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Ambientales, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), University of A Coruña (UDC), Physical Geography, Trier University, Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Cantabria [Santander], UMR Eco&Sols, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, ETSIAM Campus Rabanales, Universidad de Cordoba, Department of Agriculture-Food and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Research Unit, Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Departamento de Geografía, Grup de Recerca Ambiental Mediterrània, University of Barcelona, Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Nairobi (UoN), Science and Technology Faculty, Hydro-Environmental Processes Research Group, University of the Basque Country (University of the Basque Country), Geographical Institute, Scientific Research Center of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (ZRC SAZU), MINECO-FEDER [CGL2014-52135-C3-3-R, CGL2014-59946-R, CGL2015-65569-R, CGL2015-64284-C2-2-R, PCIN-2017-061/AEI], Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, MEC [RYC-2013-14371, RYC-2010-06264], Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation [SFRH/BPD/120093/2016], Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral contract from the MEC [IJCI-2015-26463], Vicenc Mut postdoctoral fellowship from the Autonomous Balearic Government [CAIB PD/038/2016], Secretariat for Universities and Research of the Department of the Economy and Knowledge of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia [2014 SGR 645], CERCA Programme, COST action CONNECTEUR [ES1306], University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut National de Recherche en Génie Rural Eaux et Forêts (INRGREF), Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts (ENGREF)-Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles [Tunis] (IRESA), Instituto Catalán de Investigación del Agua - ICRA (SPAIN) (ICRA), Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Universidade de Aveiro, Universitat de València (UV), Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible - Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS CSIC), Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT), Universidad de Córdoba = University of Córdoba [Córdoba], Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Pena-Angulo D., Nadal-Romero E., Gonzalez-Hidalgo J.C., Albaladejo J., Andreu V., Bagarello V., Barhi H., Batalla R.J., Bernal S., Bienes R., Campo J., Campo-Bescos M.A., Canatario-Duarte A., Canton Y., Casali J., Castillo V., Cerda A., Cheggour A., Cid P., Cortesi N., Desir G., Diaz-Pereira E., Espigares T., Estrany J., Fernandez-Raga M., Ferreira C.S.S., Ferro V., Gallart F., Gimenez R., Gimeno E., Gomez J.A., Gomez-Gutierrez A., Gomez-Macpherson H., Gonzalez-Pelayo O., Hueso-Gonzalez P., Kairis O., Karatzas G.P., Klotz S., Kosmas C., Lana-Renault N., Lasanta T., Latron J., Lazaro R., Le Bissonnais Y., Le Bouteiller C., Licciardello F., Lopez-Tarazon J.A., Lucia A., Marin C., Marques M.J., Martinez-Fernandez J., Martinez-Mena M., Martinez-Murillo J.F., Mateos L., Mathys N., Merino-Martin L., Moreno-de las Heras M., Moustakas N., Nicolau J.M., Novara A., Pampalone V., Raclot D., Rodriguez-Blanco M.L., Rodrigo-Comino J., Romero-Diaz A., Roose E., Rubio J.L., Ruiz-Sinoga J.D., Schnabel S., Senciales-Gonzalez J.M., Simonneaux V., Sole-Benet A., Taguas E.V., Taboada-Castro M.M., Taboada-Castro M.T., Todisco F., Ubeda X., Varouchakis E.A., Vericat D., Wittenberg L., Zabaleta A., Zorn M., Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Runoff, Erosion, Mediterranean basin, Sediment yield, Synoptic weather types, 0207 environmental engineering, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, Hydrology (agriculture), Erosão, Produção de sedimentos, Escoamento, Bacia Mediterrânica, Soil retrogression and degradation, ddc:550, 020701 environmental engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Hydrology, Sediment, Institut für Umweltwissenschaften und Geographie, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Spatial variability, Soil conservation, Surface runoff
Abstract: Este artículo contiene 16 páginas, 6 figuras, 2 tablas., Soil degradation by water is a serious environmental problem worldwide, with specific climatic factors being the major causes. We investigated the relationships between synoptic atmospheric patterns (i.e. weather types, WTs) and runoff, erosion and sediment yield throughout the Mediterranean basin by analyzing a large database of natural rainfall events at 68 research sites in 9 countries. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to identify spatial relationships of the different WTs including three hydro-sedimentary variables: rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield (SY, used to refer to both soil erosion measured at plot scale and sediment yield registered at catchment scale). The results indicated 4 spatial classes of rainfall and runoff: (a) northern sites dependent on North (N) and North West (NW) flows; (b) eastern sites dependent on E and NE flows; (c) southern sites dependent on S and SE flows; and, finally, (d) western sites dependent on W and SW flows. Conversely, three spatial classes are identified for SY characterized by: (a) N and NE flows in northern sites (b) E flows in eastern sites, and (c) Wand SW flows in western sites. Most of the rainfall, runoff and SY occurred during a small number of daily events, and just a few WTs accounted for large percentages of the total. Our results confirm that characterization by WT improves understanding of the general conditions under which runoff and SY occur, and provides useful information for understanding the spatial variability of runoff, and SY throughout the Mediterranean basin. The approach used here could be useful to aid of the design of regional water management and soil conservation measures., This research was supported by projects funded by the MINECOFEDER: CGL2014-52135-C3-3-R, CGL2014-59946-R, CGL2015-65569- R, CGL2015-64284-C2-2-R, and PCIN-2017-061/AEI. When this manuscript was first submitted Estela Nadal-Romero and Damià Vericat received a “Ramón y Cajal” postdoctoral contract (RYC-2013-14371 and RYC‐2010‐06264, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, MEC). Damià Vericat is now a Serra Húnter Fellow at the University of Lleida. María Fernández-Raga received a “José Castillejo” postdoctoral grant (Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports). Carla Ferreira was supported by a post-doctoral research grant from the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (SFRH/ BPD/120093/2016). Mariano Moreno-de las Heras received a Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral contract (IJCI-2015-26463) from the MEC. José Andrés López-Tarazón received a Vicenç Mut postdoctoral fellowship from the Autonomous Balearic Government (CAIB PD/038/2016). José Andrés López-Tarazón and Ramon Batalla also acknowledge the Secretariat for Universities and Research of the Department of the Economy and Knowledge of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia for supporting the Consolidated Research Group 2014 SGR 645 (RIUSFluvial Dynamics Research Group), and the CERCA Programme. This paper has benefited from the Lab and Field Data Pool created within the framework of the COST action CONNECTEUR (ES1306).
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

64. 7000 years of earthquake record in Julian ALps (Lake Bohinj, Slovenia)

Author: Rapuc, William, Sabatier, Pierre, Andric, Maja, Crouzet, Christian, Arnaud, Fabien, Chapron, Emmanuel, Smuc, Andrej, Develle, Anne-Lise, Wilhelm, Bruno, Demory, François, Régnier, Édouard, Reyss, Jean Louis, Daut, Garhard, von Grafenstein, Ulrich, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (ZRC SAZU), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Department of Geology, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Geographie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Ljubljana, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Océan et Interfaces (OCEANIS), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Earthquake, sediments, Lake Bohinj, Slovenia, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, ComputingMethodologies_GENERAL, seismic activity
Abstract: Poster; Julian Alps are characterised by a moderate to high seismic activity that has included several destructive earthquakes, such as the 1511 AD “Idrija” earthquake (MSK = X). Accurate assessment of the seismic hazard is required to reduce the high vulnerability of this region. Earthquake shaking may destabilise previously deposited sediment, which slides to the bottom of the lake and formed seismically induced mass wasting deposits (MWD), such as turbidites or homogenites.
Published: 2017

65. Matter(s) of relations: Transformation and presence in Melanesian and Australian life-cycle rituals

Author: Bonnemère, Pascale, Leach, James, Telban, Borut, Centre de Recherche et de Documentation sur l'Océanie (CREDO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), and Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (ZRC SAZU)
Subjects: Initiations, Papua New Guinea, Mortuary rituals, Australia, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Solomon islands
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

66. MATTER(S) OF RELATIONS: TRANSFORMATION AND PRESENCE IN MELANESIAN AND AUSTRALIAN LIFE-CYCLE RITUALS

Author: Leach, James, Bonnemère, Pascale, Telban, Borut, Centre de Recherche et de Documentation sur l'Océanie (CREDO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), and Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (ZRC SAZU)
Subjects: [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

67. Repository : Lidar & Pratices

Author: Nuninger, Laure, Rodier, Xavier, Fruchart, Catherine, Verhagen, Philip, Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux (MSHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés (CITERES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours, Research Institute for Culture, History and Heritage (CLUE+), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Région Centre, CNRS, UMR 7324 CITERES-LAT (Université François-Rabelais de Tours/CNRS), MSH Val de Loire USR 3501 - Intelligence des Patrimoines, LEA ModeLTER (MSHE Ledoux USR 3124 et ZRC SAZU, Slovénie), Domaine National de Chambord, SoLIDAR, ModeLTER, Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux (UAR 3124) (MSHE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: Landscape Archaelogy, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Social activity, Lidar data, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2016

68. Apport des données altimétriques lidar à la compréhension des zones humides: Deux cas d'étude de mise en valeur antiques et médiévales

Author: Nuninger, Laure, Forlin, Paolo, Fruchart, Catherine, Laplaige, Clément, Opitz, Rachel, Favory, François, Daval, Daniel, Raynaud, Claude, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire européen de modélisation des paysages et des territoires dans la longue durée (LEA ModelTER), ZRC SAZU-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux (UAR 3124) (MSHE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Arkansas [Fayetteville], Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), ATIP SHS Jeunes Chercheurs 2005, Région Franche-Comté, UE - Feder, Barral, Philippe, Magny, Michel, Thivet, Matthieu, LidOR - ATIP SHS Jeunes Chercheurs 2005, ODIT-CHEF (Construction Historique des Espaces Forestiers), European Project: FEDER-ODIT, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), LEA ModeLTER, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux ( MSHE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes ( ASM ), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), European Project : FEDER-ODIT, Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux (MSHE), and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE)
Subjects: Paysage agraire, Moyen Age, Antiquité, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Protohistoire, Marshes, Middle Age, Microtopographie, [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Landscape, Microtopography, Lidar remote sensing, Antiquity, Protohistoric periods, Plaine lagunaire, Marais, Lagoonal environment, Lasergrammétrie
Abstract: National audience; L’analyse des données altimétriques, acquises par télédétection lidar (laser aéroporté), permet de détecter des traces de mise en valeur des zones humides qui remet ces espaces au coeur du système productif des territoires du passé et non pas systématiquement à leur marge. Pour illustrer le potentiel de la technologie lidar pour l’archéologie des paysages, cet article présente deux cas d’étude l’un en Franche-Comté et l’autre en Languedoc oriental.
Published: 2016

69. Evolution de l'activité sismique au cours de l'Holocène enregistrée dans les sédiments du lac Bohinj (Slovénie)

Author: Rapuc, William, Sabatier, Pierre, Crouzet, Christian, Arnaud, Fabien, Andric, Maja, Smuc, Andrej, Develle, Anne-Lise, Wilhelm, Bruno, Chapron, Emmanuel, Demory, François, Reyss, Jean Louis, Regnier, Edouard, Daut, Gerhard, von Grafenstein, Ulrich, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (ZRC SAZU), Department of Geology, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern, Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Geographie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Institute of Geological Sciences [Bern], Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Océan et Interfaces (OCEANIS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), University of Ljubljana, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: lac, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Sédiments, Slovénie, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, activité tectonique, Holocène
Abstract: Poster; International audience; Les Alpes Juliennes sont caractérisées par une activité tectonique importante et souvent destructrice.
Published: 2015

70. Balthasar Hacquet, pionnier de la karstologie

Author: kranjc, Andrej, Gauchon, Christophe, Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (ZRC SAZU), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Balthasar Hacquet, karstologie, Histoire de la géomorphologie, Carniole, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Slovénie, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract: Parmi d’autres sciences, Balthasar Hacquet (1739/40-1815) se consacra à la géologie et à la géomorphologie, pour utiliser des termes actuels. Son œuvre la plus importante, l’Oryctographia Carniolica (1778-1789) contient de nombreuses descriptions de roches, de minerais, de fossiles, mais aussi de reliefs tant en surface que sous terre. En Carniole où les régions karstiques dominent, il développe longuement les questions relatives à la géologie et à la géomorphologie du Karst. Il propose une classification des montagnes en accordant une place particulière aux Montes secundarii formés de calcaire gris. Parmi les formes de relief, il décrit les poljés, les dolines, les dolines-puits glacio-karstiques sur les plateaux, en signalant les phénomènes d’inversion de températures et de végétation. Il pressent l’évolution des poljés inondés (lacs saisonniers) vers les poljés secs. Pour expliquer l’altération et la dissolution du calcaire, Hacquet prend en compte les différences lithologiques et l’exposition, et c’est pourquoi on l’a tenu pour un précurseur de la géomorphologie climatique de la théorie de la corrosion. Hacquet découvrit aussi la différence entre calcaire et dolomie, qu’il appelait Lapis suillus et qu’il décrivit 13 ans avant Dolomieu. Son intérêt pour le karst l’amena aussi à conduire des recherches sur l’hydrogéologie.Hacquet fondait ses conclusions non seulement sur les observations, mais aussi sur l’expérimentation, dans un contexte scientifique encore marqué par les notions aristotéliciennes.
Published: 2015

71. Z problematyki słoweńskich nazw mieszkańców i przymiotników pochodnych od nazw miejscowych

Author: Silvo Torkar, Gałkowski, Artur, Gliwa, Renata, and ZRC SAZU, Znanstvenoraziskovalni center Slovenske akademije znanosti in umetnosti, Ljubljana
Subjects: przymiotniki odmiejscowe, nazwy mieszkańców, nazwy miejscowe
Abstract: In the process of standardization in two language reference works (SKI 1985, SP 2001), names for inhabitants and adjectives derived from Slovene place names underwent radical intervention. All too often, the principle of »predictable« derivation from place names causes names for inhabitants and adjectives to be in conflict with the actual usage, and, most importantly, to disregard the special features of the Slovene name-formation process. Suffixes in Slovene place names (-iče, -ica,-jane, -ina, -ek/-ik, -sk, -n) have not always played a role in the derivation of the inhabitant-naming and adjectival forms. A necessary but insufficient condition for their absence in the process is the fact that a toponym received the suffix only at the level of name-forming rather than when it was still a common name. In the design of normative guides, it is therefore necessary to take into account the fact that much of Slovene linguistic and social history is coded in names for inhabitants and adjectival derivatives from place names, and, consequently, to respect genuine name forms. Introducing so-called »predictable« derivatives in the category of place names would take an unnecessary toll on segments of Slovene linguistic and cultural heritage. Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

72. HIDROGEOLOGIJA ZGORNJE SOŠKE NIŽINE

Author: Zini, Luca, Cucchi, Franco, Treu, Francesco, Biolchi, Sara, Boccali, Chiara, Cleva, Silvia, Zavagno, Enrico, Borga, Marco, Marra, Francesco, Zoccatelli, Davide, Zuecco, Giulia, Fazzini, Massimiliano, Russo, Sabrina, Vaccaro, Carmela, Inštitut za raziskovanje krasa ZRC SAZU, Nacionalni laboratorij za zdravje, okolje in hrano (Lokacija Nova Gorica), Geologija d.o.o. Idrija (zunanji izvajalec VP), Naravoslovnotehniška fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani (zunanji izvajalec VP), Zini, Luca, Cucchi, Franco, Treu, Francesco, Biolchi, Sara, Boccali, Chiara, Cleva, Silvia, Zavagno, Enrico, Borga, Marco, Marra, Francesco, Zoccatelli, Davide, Zuecco, Giulia, Fazzini, Massimiliano, Russo, Sabrina, and Vaccaro, Carmela
Subjects: GEP Projekt, GIS, hidrogeologija, GEP Projekt, hidrogeologija, GIS
Abstract: Namen projekta »Skupni geoinformacijski sistem za varovanje virov pitne vode v izrednih dogodkih (GEP)« je vzpostaviti enoten čezmejni sistem ukrepanja civilne zaščite v primeru ogroženosti virov pitne vode zaradi tehnološkega tveganja in naravnih nesreč na območju Gorenjske, Goriške in Obalno– kraške statistične regije v Sloveniji ter Avtonomne dežele Furlanije-Julijske krajine v Italiji. Za pripravo ustreznih načrtov ukrepanja je potrebno upoštevati hidrogeološke in hidrološke značilnosti območja v prispevnem zaledju vodnih virov. Od teh je namreč odvisno, na kakšen način in v kakšnem obsegu se bo morebitno onesnaženje širilo proti vodnim virom in v kolikšni meri bo ogrozilo njihovo kakovost. Pomembna pridobitev projekta je hidrogeološka nadgradnja GIS-a virov pitne vode na osnovi skupnih čezmejnih hidrogeoloških raziskav z metodami kartiranja ranljivosti in numeričnega modeliranja za kraški vodonosnik Trnovsko–Banjške planote in aluvialni vodonosnik Soške nižine, ki sta glavna skupna vira pitne vode. Zbrane podatke smo povezali v hidrogeološki model, ki povzema značilnosti pretakanja vode in širjenja onesnaženja ter ga vključili v obstoječi GIS. Ta omogoča, da lahko v primeru onesnaženja na določeni lokaciji takoj ocenimo, kateri vodni viri so ogroženi in kdaj najprej lahko pričakujemo pojav onesnaženja v njih. Da bi lahko onesnaženje pravočasno zaznali, je potrebno na ogroženih vodnih virih vzpostaviti monitoring kakovosti. Pri njegovem načrtovanju moramo upoštevati hidrogeološke značilnosti območja in izvajanje sproti prilagajati trenutnim hidrološkim razmeram. Podane so osnovne smernice za spremljanje kakovosti vodnih virov ob izrednih dogodkih. Izdelani GIS omogoča, da lahko tudi osebe, ki niso strokovnjaki na področju hidrogeologije, enostavno in hitro pridejo do prvih informacij o ogroženosti virov pitne vode ob izrednih dogodkih ter jih upoštevajo pri načrtovanju takojšnjega ukrepanja. V naslednjih fazah pa je za bolj podrobno analizo nastalih razmer in optimizacijo ukrepov zelo koristno sodelovanje hidrogeologov. V okviru projekta smo izvedli tudi prostorsko analizo, pri kateri smo upoštevali vse človekove dejavnosti, ki lahko vplivajo na kakovost vodnih virov. Analiza je privedla do poznavanja najpomembnejših onesnaževalcev in najbolj občutljivih območij v Soški nižini. Kot primer pravilnega upravljanja z okoljem smo pripravili alternativni scenarij, ki bi na podlagi ekonomsko in ekološko izvedljivih ukrepov lahko pripeljal do izboljšanja trenutnega stanja. Postavljen je bil geoinformacijski sistem (GIS) projekta GEP, ki vključuje zbrane podatke o vodnih virih na obravnavanem območju.
Published: 2014

73. The LIEPPEC Project: using lidar for the study of long term landscape change

Author: Fruchart, Catherine, Laplaige, Clément, Opitz, Rachel, Nuninger, Laure, Nuninger, Laure, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux (UAR 3124) (MSHE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The LIEPPEC project (directed by L. Nuninger & R. Opitz) is funded by the Regional Council of the Franche-Comté (who financed the Lidar surveys conducted by Aerodata), Ville de Besançon, Communauté d'Agglomérations du Pays de Montbéliard, Université de Franche-Comté, CNRS and ZRC SAZU (Slovenia). Lidar data processing supported by the European Associated Lab ModeLTER 'Modelling of landscapes and territories over the long term' (directed by K. Ostir & L. Nuninger). Geophysical survey supported by the Projet Collectif de Recherche 'Approche pluridisciplinaire d'une agglomération antique: Epomanduodurum (Mandeure-Mathay, Doubs)' (directed by: Ph. Barral) (UFC/UMR 6249 CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux ( MSHE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), and Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux (MSHE)
Subjects: lime kiln, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Epomanduodurum, charbonnière, four à chaux, landscape, laser, enclosure, enclos, Archaeology, forested area, Archéologie, [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, quarrie, forêt, charcoal platform, gallo-romain, gallo-roman, Vesontio, paysage, carrière, lidar
Abstract: International audience; The LIEPPEC (Lidar pour l'étude des paysages passés et contemporains) project is designed to investigate long term change in the landscapes around the urban centre of Besançon and the villages of Mandeure and Mathay, in the Franche-Comté region of France. The project uses microtopographic data produced through lidar surveys as a framework, focusing attention on the process of landscape formation and development.
Published: 2011

74. Dynamiques socio-environnementales durant l'Antiquité: approche micro-régionale du peuplement en Languedoc oriental

Author: Fovet, Élise, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux ( MSHE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institute of Anthropological and Spatial Studies ( IAPS ), ZRC SAZU, Université de Franche-Comté, Univerza v Ljubljani, François Favory et Kristof Ostir, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux (MSHE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Anthropological and Spatial Studies (IAPS), and Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux (UAR 3124) (MSHE)
Subjects: Satellite remote sensing, Occupation du sol, [ SHS ] Humanities and Social Sciences, Télédétection satellitaire, Roman land use, Archéologie spatiale, Antiquité, Spatial archaeology, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: This thesis aims to study the evolution of ancient settlement patterns in a relatively small area, located in the interior Languedoc (south-eastern France), on the hinterland of the major center of the region. This work is inspired by research conducted in the last decades on the ancient settlement pattern of eastern Languedoc. The specific contribution of this work lies in the further analysis of the role of the geographical environment - physical and human - in the changing of land use, studied over the long term, 7th century BC till the 7th century AD. Two lines of research have been developed: characterization of agrarian and pastoral resources - notably by making use of satellite remote sensing - and communication network modeling - based on optimal path method. Based on a study area rich in archaeological documentation (collected through systematic field survey programs carried out in the late 70s and late 90s), this methodological work is a part of the research program ArchaeDyn.; Cette étude d'archéologie spatiale s'intéresse à l'évolution du peuplement antique dans une zone relativement restreinte, située dans l'arrière-pays languedocien, en marge des pôles majeurs du peuplement régional. Ce travail s'inscrit dans la lignée des recherches consacrées au peuplement ancien du Languedoc oriental effectuées ces dernières décennies. La contribution spécifique de ce travail réside dans une analyse plus poussée du rôle du milieu géographique - physique et humain - dans l'évolution de l'occupation du sol, appréhendée sur la longue durée, du VIIe siècle avant J.-C. au VIIe siècle après J.-C. Deux axes de recherche ont été développés : la caractérisation des ressources agropastorales - en faisant notamment usage des ressources de la télédétection satellitaire -, et la modélisation du réseau de communication - conçue par la méthode des cheminements optimaux. S'appuyant sur un secteur d'étude riche du point de vue de la documentation archéologique (recueillie dans le cadre de programmes de prospection pédestre systématique réalisés entre la fin des années 70 et la fin des années 90), ce travail méthodologique s'intègre dans le programme de recherche ArchaeDyn.
Published: 2010

75. LiDAR : quel apport pour l'analyse des paysages ?

Author: Nuninger , Laure, Fruchart , Catherine, Opitz , Rachel, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux ( MSHE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Conseil Régional de Franche-Comté, Ville de Besançon, Communauté d'Agglomérations du Pays de Montbéliard, Université de Franche-Comté, CNRS and ZRC SAZU (Slovenia)., Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux (UAR 3124) (MSHE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux (MSHE)
Subjects: Lidar, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, archéologie, [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, archaeology, landscape, paysage, laser
Abstract: National audience; En plein essor depuis quelques années en France, la technologie LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) apparaît comme un outil révolutionnaire notamment pour les archéologues qui s'intéressent aux vestiges sous forêts. En effet, elle permet de faire un relevé microtopographique extensif en un temps record et ce malgré la couverture végétale. Déjà appliquée, entre autres, dans le Pays de Bade, en Alsace, sur la forêt de Haye en Lorraine, sur le site de Bibracte en Bourgogne , sur le littoral languedocien, elle l'a été plus récemment (2009) en Franche-Comté dans le cadre du projet LIEPPEC (Lidar pour l'Étude des Paysages Passés et Contemporains)
Published: 2010

76. Mirebeau-sur-Bèze

Author: Barral, Philippe, Fovet, Elise, Joly, Martine, Mouton-Venault, Sylvie, Nuninger, Laure, Reddé, Michel, Venault, Stéphane, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), European laboratory for Modelling of Landscapes and Territories over the Long Term (LEA MODELTER), ZRC SAZU-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Équipe Antiquité classique et tardive (OM-ACT), Sorbonne Université (SU)-ORIENT ET MÉDITERRANÉE : Textes, Archéologie, Histoire (OM), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Archéologies, Cultures et Sociétés (ACS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Gustave Glotz - Recherches sur les mondes hellénistique et romain (CGGRMHR), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Michel Provost
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Pré-inventaire
Published: 2009

77. Mirebeau-sur-Bèze

Author: Barral , Philippe, Fovet , Elise, Joly , Martine, Mouton-Venault , Sylvie, NUNINGER , Laure, Reddé , Michel, Venault , Stéphane, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), European laboratory for Modelling of Landscapes and Territories over the Long Term ( LEA MODELTER ), ZRC SAZU-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Antiquité classique et tardive, Archéologies, Cultures et Sociétés ( ACS ), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre Gustave Glotz - Recherches sur les mondes hellénistique et romain ( CGGRMHR ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université Paris-Sorbonne ( UP4 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Michel Provost
Subjects: [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Pré-inventaire
Published: 2009

78. Les instruments de l’écriture

Author: Božič, Dragan, Feugère, Michel, Institut za arheologijo (ZRC SAZU), Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU - Institut za arheologijo, Archéologie des sociétés méditerranéennes : milieux, territoires, civilisations (ASMMTC), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)
Subjects: pen-knife, Schreibtäfelchen, stylet, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, mit Tinte, Lineal, Pergament, wax and ink writing, Zirkel, compass, encrier, écriture sur cire, wax spatula, pen, codex, spatule à cire, Federmesser, inkwell, Rohrfeder, compas, règle, Papyrus, couteau à affûter les calames, parchment, à l'encre, calame, tablets, ruler, Wachsspachtel, tablettes, inscribed lead, Stylus, calamus, schreiben auf Wachs, Bleiobjekte mit Inschrift, plomb inscrit, mesure pliante, Tintenfass, folding measure, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Klappmaßstab, parchemin
Abstract: International audience; Ausgehend von der Beobachtung, daβ sich in der Antike das Schreiben auf Wachs und das Schreiben mit Tinte gegenseitig ergänzen, macht die Erforschung des Schreibgeräts durch die Identifizierung verschiedener Utensilien, die mit der Schreibtätigkeit zusammenhängen, in letzter Zeit Fortschritte. Das Auftreten dieser Gegenstände bei Ausgrabungen sowie Untersuchungen zu ihrer Häufigkeit und zeitlichen Entwicklung können uns Informationen über die Verbreitung von Schreiben und Lesen in den Provinzen liefern. Besonders Grabinventare, in denen Schreibgeräte oft das einzige Indiz für die einstige Existenz von Geschriebenem (auf Schreibtäfelchen, Papyrus oder Pergament) sind, leisten zu dieser Frage einen wichtigen Beitrag.; The study of writing equipment gained a recent development due to the identification of artefacts connected to writing practice including the two complementary methods, using wax and ink during the Antiquity. The presence of these items in archaeological digs, the analysis of their occurrence and of their evolution can give indications on the diffusion of literacy in provinces. Funerary sites where writing instruments often are the only evidence of writings which didn't survive (on tablets, papyri or parchment) strongly assist this research.; L'étude des instruments à écrire a récemment progressé par l'identification des divers ustensiles liés à la pratique de l'écriture selon les deux méthodes utilisées de manière complémentaire dans l'Antiquité, sur cire et à l'encre. L'apparition de ces objets dans les fouilles, l'étude de leur fréquence et de leur évolution dans le temps sont susceptibles de nous renseigner sur la diffusion de l'écriture et de la lecture dans les provinces. Les ensembles funéraires, au sein desquels les instruments à écrire sont souvent le seul indice de la présence d'écrits non conservés (sur tablettes, papyrus ou parchemin), apportent une contribution importante à cette recherche.
Published: 2004
Full Text: View/download PDF

79. Relationship of Weather Types on the Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Rainfall, Runoff, and Sediment Yield in the Western Mediterranean Basin

Author: Álvaro Gómez-Gutiérrez, Feliciana Licciardello, Marcella Biddoccu, Susana Bernal, Victor Castillo, José Carlos González-Hidalgo, Costas Kosmas, Ramón Bienes, Juan Albaladejo, Susanne Schnabel, Artemio Cerdà, Ana Lucía, José Damián Ruiz-Sinoga, Luis Merino-Martín, Xavier Úbeda, Yolanda Cantón, Emmanouil A. Varouchakis, Francesc Gallart, Antonio Canatário-Duarte, Vincenzo Pampalone, Patricio Cid, Dhais Peña-Angulo, N. Mathys, José Andrés López-Tarazón, Jérôme Latron, Sébastien Klotz, Matija Zorn, Damien Raclot, Elvira Díaz-Pereira, Maria Jose Marques, María Martínez-Mena, Óscar González-Pelayo, Albert Solé-Benet, E. Gimeno, María Fernández-Raga, Noemí Lana-Renault, Carla Ferreira, George P. Karatzas, N. Moustakas, Helena Gómez-Macpherson, Francesca Todisco, Teodoro Lasanta, C. Le Bouteiller, Joan Estrany, Vicente Andreu, M. L. Rodríguez-Blanco, José M. Nicolau, José Luis Rubio, Orestis Kairis, M. Mercedes Taboada-Castro, Miguel A. Campo-Bescós, Eugenio Cavallo, Tíscar Espigares, Saskia Keesstra, Luciano Mateos, H. Bahri, José A. Gómez, Y. Le Bissonnais, Jesús Rodrigo-Comino, José María Senciales-González, A. Zabaleta, Lea Wittenberg, Mariano Moreno-de las Heras, Vito Ferro, M.T. Taboada-Castro, Javier Casalí, Nicola Cortesi, Rafael Giménez, Asunción Romero-Díaz, C. Marín, Estela Nadal-Romero, J. Farguell, Julián Campo, José Martínez-Fernández, G. Desir, V.M. Marín-Moreno, Roberto Lázaro, Encarnación V. Taguas, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Ambientales (IUCA), Departamento de Geografía, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Desertification Research Centre, Department of Environmental Quality and Soils, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut National de Recherche en Génie Rural Eaux et Forêts (INRGREF), Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts (ENGREF)-Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles [Tunis] (IRESA), Integrative Freshwater Ecology Group, Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes, Institute for Agricultural and Earthmoving Machines, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Departamento Investigación Aplicada y Extensión Agraria, Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), ISFOOD Institute, Department of Projects and Rural Engineering, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA), School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Department of Agronomy (Soil Science Area), University of Almeria, Soil and Water Conservation Research Group, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura, Department of Geography, Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group, Universitat de València (UV), Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (LANGEBIO), Maize Genetics and Genomics Lab, CINVESTAV, Department of Earth Sciences, Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Unidad de Ecología, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares (UAH), Department of Geography, Mediterranean Ecogeomorphological and Hydrological Connectivity Research Team (MEDhyCON), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Mediterranean Environmental Research Group, Department of Physical Geography and Regional Geographic Analysis (GRAM), University of Barcelona, Department of Applied Chemistry and Physics, University of Leon, College of Agriculture, Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences [Palermo], Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible - Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS CSIC), INTERRA Research Institute, Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX), Department of Environment and Planning, Earth Surface Processes Team (ESP) Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Department of Natural Resources Management and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, School of Environmental Engineering [Chania], Technical University of Crete [Chania], Team Soil Water and Land Use, Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen UR, Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Area of Physical Geography, DCH, Universidad de la Rioja, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Experimental Station of Arid Zones (EEZA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Universitat de Lleida, University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Faculty of Sciences, Center for Applied Geosciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Universidad de Córdoba = University of Córdoba [Córdoba], Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Instituto Hispano Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias, Universidad de Salamanca, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, Laboratoire commun de télédétection (UR LCMO), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), University of Vigo [ Pontevedra], Physical Geography, Trier University, Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Cantabria [Santander], Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), University of A Coruña (UDC), Department of Agriculture-Food and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Research Unit, Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Departamento de Geografía, Grup de Recerca Ambiental Mediterrània, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Nairobi (UoN), Science and Technology Faculty, Hydro-Environmental Processes Research Group, University of the Basque Country (University of the Basque Country), Geographical Institute, Scientific Research Center of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (ZRC SAZU), Spanish Government (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, MINECO) and FEDER Projects: CGL2014 52135-C3-3-R, ESP2017-89463-C3-3-R, CGL2014-59946-R, CGL2015-65569-R, CGL2015-64284-C2-2-R, CGL2015-64284-C2-1-R, CGL2016-78075-P, GL2008-02879/BTE, LEDDRA 243857, RECARE-FP7, CGL2017-83866-C3-1-R, and PCIN-2017-061/AEI. Dhais Pena-Angulo received a 'Juan de la Cierva' postdoctoral contract (FJCI-2017-33652 Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, MEC). Ana Lucia acknowledge the 'Brigitte-Schlieben-Lange-Programm'. The 'Geoenvironmental Processes and Global Change' (E02_17R) was financed by the Aragon Government and the European Social Fund. Jose Andres Lopez-Tarazon acknowledges the Secretariat for Universities and Research of the Department of the Economy and Knowledge of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia for supporting the Consolidated Research Group 2014 SGR 645 (RIUS-Fluvial Dynamics Research Group). Artemi Cerda thank the funding of the OCDE TAD/CRP JA00088807. Jose Martinez-Fernandez acknowledges the project Unidad de Excelencia CLU-2018-04 co-funded by FEDER and Castilla y Leon Government. Ane Zabaleta is supported by the Hydro-Environmental Processes consolidated research group (IT1029-16, Basque Government)., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Gobierno de Aragón, Eusko Jaurlaritza, Generalitat de Catalunya, Junta de Castilla y León, Universidad Pública de Navarra. Departamento de Ingeniería, Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa. ISFOOD - Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain, Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa. Ingeniaritza Saila, University of Zaragoza, CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Université de Valence, University of Extremadura, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Potsdam, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Universidad de Córdoba [Cordoba], Instrumentation, Material and Correlated Electrons Physics (IMAPEC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Universidade do Porto, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, UAM. Departamento de Geología y Geoquímica, Pena-Angulo D., Nadal-Romero E., Gonzalez-Hidalgo J.C., Albaladejo J., Andreu V., Barhi H., Bernal S., Biddoccu M., Bienes R., Campo J., Campo-Bescos M.A., Canatario-Duarte A., Canton Y., Casali J., Castillo V., Cavallo E., Cerda A., Cid P., Cortesi N., Desir G., Diaz-Pereira E., Espigares T., Estrany J., Farguell J., Fernandez-Raga M., Ferreira C.S., Ferro V., Gallart F., Gimenez R., Gimeno E., Gomez J.A., Gomez-Gutierrez A., Gomez-Macpherson H., Gonzalez-Pelayo O., Kairis O., Karatzas G.P., Keesstra S., Klotz S., Kosmas C., Lana-Renault N., Lasanta T., Latron J., Lazaro R., Bissonnais Y.L., Bouteiller C.L., Licciardello F., Lopez-Tarazon J.A., Lucia A., Marin-Moreno V.M., Marin C., Marques M.J., Martinez-Fernandez J., Martinez-Mena M., Mateos L., Mathys N., Merino-Martin L., Moreno-de las Heras M., Moustakas N., Nicolau J.M., Pampalone V., Raclot D., Rodriguez-Blanco M.L., Rodrigo-Comino J., Romero-Diaz A., Ruiz-Sinoga J.D., Rubio J.L., Schnabel S., Senciales-Gonzalez J.M., Sole-Benet A., Taguas E.V., Taboada-Castro M.T., Taboada-Castro M.M., Todisco F., Ubeda X., Varouchakis E.A., Wittenberg L., Zabaleta A., Zorn M., Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, Western Mediterranean, Rainfall, Atmospheric Science, Water en Landgebruik, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate, analyses, Sedimentació, 02 engineering and technology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, Soil, Bodem, Lluvia, Soil, Water and Land Use, Geología, weather types, rainfall, runoff, erosion, sediment yield, seasonal analyses, Mediterranean basin, Erosion, Mediterranean basin, Rainfall, Runoff, Seasonal analyses, Sediment yield, Weather types, 020701 environmental engineering, Precipitacions (Meteorologia), Sediment yield, Edafología, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, PE&RC, 2502 Climatología, Drenatge, 6. Clean water, Weather types, Tipos de clima, Erosión, Precipitations (Meteorology), 2511 Ciencias del Suelo (Edafología), 2508.10 Precipitación, Seasonal analyses, Anticyclone, Erosió, Erosion, Drainage, Mediterrània occidental, Soil erosion--Climatic factors, Cuenca mediterranea, Runoff, 0207 environmental engineering, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), lcsh:QC851-999, complex mixtures, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Atmospheric instability, Settore AGR/08 - Idraulica Agraria E Sistemazioni Idraulico-Forestali, Datasets, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mediterraneanbasin, Hydrology, Water and Land Use, Rainfal, fungi, Sediment, Sedimentation and deposition, seasonal, 15. Life on land, Atmosfera -- Aspectes ambientals, Bodem, Water en Landgebruik, 13. Climate action, Enginyeria agroalimentària::Ciències de la terra i de la vida [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Soil erosion, Environmental science, Rainfall frequencies, Spatial variability, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, Clima, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Surface runoff
Abstract: Producción Científica, Rainfall is the key factor to understand soil erosion processes, mechanisms, and rates. Most research was conducted to determine rainfall characteristics and their relationship with soil erosion (erosivity) but there is little information about how atmospheric patterns control soil losses, and this is important to enable sustainable environmental planning and risk prevention. We investigated the temporal and spatial variability of the relationships of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield with atmospheric patterns (weather types, WTs) in the western Mediterranean basin. For this purpose, we analyzed a large database of rainfall events collected between 1985 and 2015 in 46 experimental plots and catchments with the aim to: (i) evaluate seasonal differences in the contribution of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield produced by the WTs; and (ii) to analyze the seasonal efficiency of the different WTs (relation frequency and magnitude) related to rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield. The results indicate two different temporal patterns: the first weather type exhibits (during the cold period: autumn and winter) westerly flows that produce the highest rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield values throughout the territory; the second weather type exhibits easterly flows that predominate during the warm period (spring and summer) and it is located on the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula. However, the cyclonic situations present high frequency throughout the whole year with a large influence extended around the western Mediterranean basin. Contrary, the anticyclonic situations, despite of its high frequency, do not contribute significantly to the total rainfall, runoff, and sediment (showing the lowest efficiency) because of atmospheric stability that currently characterize this atmospheric pattern. Our approach helps to better understand the relationship of WTs on the seasonal and spatial variability of rainfall, runoff and sediment yield with a regional scale based on the large dataset and number of soil erosion experimental stations., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad - FEDER (CGL2014 52135-C3-3-R; ESP2017-89463-C3-3-R; CGL2014-59946-R; CGL2015-65569-R; CGL2015-64284- C2-2-R; CGL2015-64284-C2-1-R; CGL2016-78075-P; GL2008-02879/BTE; LEDDRA 243857; RECARE-FP7; CGL2017-83866-C3-1-R y PCIN-2017- 061/AEI), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (FJCI-2017-33652), Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (TAD/CRP JA00088807), Junta de Castilla y León - FEDER (CLU-2018-04)
Full Text: View/download PDF

80. Spiders manipulate and exploit bioluminescent signals of fireflies.

Author: Fu X, Yu L, Zhou W, Lei C, Jackson RR, Kuntner M, Huang Q, Zhang S, and Li D
Subjects: Animals, Male, Female, Animal Communication, Luminescence, Fireflies physiology, Spiders physiology, Predatory Behavior physiology
Abstract: Predators often search for prey while moving through the environment, but there are important exceptions, including the way sedentary predators sometimes rely on signals for drawing prey to within striking distance 1 , 2 . Some spiders, for instance, leave the remnants of previously-captured prey in their webs where they function as static lures that effectively attract a diverse array of additional prey 3 4 5 6 . However, important questions remain concerning how specific the targeted prey may be and how dynamic, instead of static, signalling might be. With these questions as our rationale, we initiated research on Araneus ventricosus (L. Koch, 1878), an orb-weaving spider, as the predator and the firefly Abscondita terminalis males as the prey (Figure 1A-C). Using two lanterns situated on their abdomen (Figure 1D,F), A. terminalis males make female-attracting multi-pulse flash trains (Figure 1J), whereas sedentary females attract males by making single-pulse signals (Figure 1C,K) with a single lantern (Figure 1E,G). Drawing from extensive field observations, we propose that A. ventricosus practices deceptive interspecific communication by first ensnaring firefly males in its web and then predisposing the entrapped male fireflies to broadcast bioluminescent signals that deviate from female-attracting signals typically made by A. terminalis males and instead mimic the male-attracting signals typically made by females. The outcome is that the entrapped male fireflies broadcast false signals that lure more male fireflies into the web., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

81. Recognising the role of ruderal species in restoration of degraded lands.

Author: Ranđelović D, Jakovljević K, Šinžar-Sekulić J, Kuzmič F, and Šilc U
Subjects: Plants, Soil, Ecosystem, Climate Change, Environmental Restoration and Remediation methods, Conservation of Natural Resources methods
Abstract: Ruderal plants are an important component of plant communities that develop on the range of anthropogenically degraded lands. Yet they were highly neglected and not recognised as desirable for restoration purposes. The aim of this study was to analyse the potential for using ruderal species in restoration processes and to identify preliminary criteria for species selection that could be included in ecological restoration of degraded man-made habitats under future conditions of increased human disturbance and climate changes. The desirable characteristics of the species depend primarily on the type of habitat to be restored, with plant height, specific leaf area, rooting depth and seed characteristics being the most important traits. The recognised ecosystem services of the species analysed show that the provisioning and regulating services are well represented, particularly erosion control, pollination, phytoremediation and other soil quality improvements. Most of the dominant and diagnostic ruderal species from the man-made habitats of the north-western Balkan Peninsula are sensitive to climate change and their potential distribution range is expected to decrease at the European scale. Higher certain ecological indicator values, as well as values for disturbance severity, frequency and soil disturbance indices were found for species that are expected to increase their range. Ruderal species are becoming increasingly important for restoration purposes, as the focus shifts to the significance of early successional species. The inclusion of ruderal species in the restoration of degraded sites should be based on criteria such as: non-invasiveness, plant traits favourable for colonisation (height, SLA, seed traits, rooting depth), values of ecological and disturbance indices, provision of ecosystem services, and change of distribution range under changing climate conditions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

82. Natural and anthropogenic impact on the microclimate and particulate matter in the UNESCO show cave.

Author: Miler M, Zupančič N, Šebela S, and Jarc S
Subjects: Slovenia, Seasons, Air Pollution, Humans, Particulate Matter analysis, Microclimate, Caves, Environmental Monitoring, Air Pollutants analysis
Abstract: Particulate matter concentrations (PM 10 , PM 2.5 , PM 1 ) and microclimatic parameters (air temperature, CO 2 ) were monitored in the Škocjan Caves (Slovenia). The effects of tourist visits on the PM concentrations and the cave's microclimate are immediate and direct, but these values normalise relatively quickly. The results showed seasonal, diurnal, and spatial differences in all parameters studied. Due to the higher number of visitors, their influence on the cave's microclimate and PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations is greater in summer than in winter. The measured PM 1 levels depend on the ventilation in the cave, as air transport plays an important role in their introduction into the cave. PM consists of minerals of natural origin resulting from the re-suspension of cave sediments due to strong air currents generated by the opening of the doors to tourists and their walks. The second most common influence is the anthropogenic phases originating from maintenance work in the cave, electronic devices, cave lighting and emissions from outside the cave (aerosols from the polluted Reka River, industry, traffic, gypsum waste disposal). In order to upgrade the sustainable use of the UNESCO-listed Škocjan Caves for tourism, we propose regular monitoring of PM and a detailed characterization of individual PMs and their sources, in addition to monitoring of the cave's microclimate and biology., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

83. Sexual dimorphism in subterranean amphipod crustaceans covaries with subterranean habitat type.

Author: Premate E, Fišer Ž, Biró A, Copilaş-Ciocianu D, Fromhage L, Jennions M, Borko Š, Herczeg G, Balázs G, Kralj-Fišer S, and Fišer C
Subjects: Animals, Female, Male, Body Size, Lakes, Sex Ratio, Amphipoda physiology, Amphipoda anatomy & histology, Ecosystem, Sex Characteristics
Abstract: Sexual dimorphism can evolve in response to sex-specific selection pressures that vary across habitats. We studied sexual differences in subterranean amphipods Niphargus living in shallow subterranean habitats (close to the surface), cave streams (intermediate), and cave lakes (deepest and most isolated). These three habitats differ because at greater depths there is lower food availability, reduced predation, and weaker seasonality. Additionally, species near the surface have a near-even adult sex ratio (ASR), whereas species from cave lakes have a female-biased ASR. We hypothesized (a) a decrease in sexual dimorphism from shallow subterranean habitats to cave lake species because of weaker sexual selection derived from changes in the ASR and (b) an increase in female body size in cave lakes because of stronger fecundity selection on account of oligotrophy, reduced predation, and weaker seasonality. We measured body size and two sexually dimorphic abdominal appendages for all 31 species and several behaviours related to male competition (activity, risk-taking, exploration) for 12 species. Species with an equal ASR that live close to the surface exhibited sexual dimorphism in all three morphological traits, but not in behaviour. The body size of females increased from the surface to cave lakes, but no such trend was observed in males. In cave lake species, males and females differed neither morphologically nor behaviourally. Our results are consistent with the possibility that sexual and fecundity selection covary across the three habitats, which indirectly and directly, respectively, shape the degree of sexual dimorphism in Niphargus species., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Evolutionary Biology.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

84. A spider mating plug functions to protect sperm.

Author: Jiang H, Zhan Y, Wu Q, Zhang H, Kuntner M, and Tu L
Subjects: Humans, Animals, Male, Female, Semen, Reproduction, Spermatozoa, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Spiders anatomy & histology
Abstract: Mating plugs in animals are ubiquitous and are commonly interpreted to be products of mating strategies. In spiders, however, mating plugs may also take on functions beyond female remating prevention. Due to the vagaries of female genital (spermathecal) anatomy, most spiders face the problem of having to secure additional, non-anatomical, protection for transferred sperm. Here, we test the hypothesis that mating plugs, rather than (or in addition to) being adaptations for mating strategies, may serve as sperm protection mechanism. Based on a comparative study on 411 epigyna sampled from 36 families, 187 genera, 330 species of entelegyne spiders, our results confirm the necessity of a sperm protection mechanism. We divided the entelegyne spermathecae into four types: SEG, SED, SCG and SCD. We also studied detailed morphology of epigynal tracts in the spider Diphya wulingensis having the SEG type spermathecae, using 3D-reconstruction based on semi thin histological series section. In this species, we hypothesize that two distinct types of mating plug, the sperm plug and the secretion plug, serve different functions. Morphological details support this: sperm plugs are formed on a modified spermathecal wall by the spilled sperm, and function as a temporary protection mechanism to prevent sperm from leaking and desiccating, while secretion plugs function in postcopulation both as a permanent protection mechanism, and to prevent additional mating. Furthermore, with the modified spermathecal wall of S2 stalk, the problem of shunt of sperm input and output, and the possibility of female multiple mating have been resolved. Variation in spermathecal morphology also suggests that the problem of sperm protection might be resolved in different ways in spiders. Considering mating plugs of varying shapes and origins in the vast morphospace of spiders, we conclude that mating plugs might serve different purposes that relate both to mating strategies, as well as to sperm protection., Competing Interests: the authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Jiang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

85. Zoofolkloristics: Imagination as a Critical Component.

Author: Brooks Pribac T and Golež Kaučič M
Abstract: Nonhuman animal protagonists of folklore texts in the European space have tended to be perceived primarily as performing a symbolic and metaphoric function. But behind the symbols and the metaphors hide real flesh-and-blood nonhuman animals, and flesh-and-blood humans interacting with them, mostly from a position of power. The emerging discipline of zoofolkloristics considers nonhuman animals in their own right. Through critical analysis of folklore material, zoofolkloristics examines the role of animals and power relations within the interspecies entanglement with the aim of deconstructing the oppressive system and establishing multispecies justice. We begin this paper with a brief reflection on the 'historical animal' as an embodied being and a human construct. We then perform a critical re-reading of three animal-related folklore texts from the Slovenian tradition and, applying Hubert Zapf's concept of imaginative counter-discourse, consider the potential of imagination as a methodological tool in the transformative program of zoofolkloristics. Implications for animal ethics, liberation, and conservation are also discussed.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

86. Discovering unknown Madagascar biodiversity: integrative taxonomy of raft spiders (Pisauridae: Dolomedes ).

Author: Yu KP and Kuntner M
Subjects: Animals, Female, Male, Biodiversity, Madagascar, Spiders genetics
Abstract: Madagascar is a global biodiversity hotspot, but its biodiversity continues to be underestimated and understudied. Of raft spiders, genus Dolomedes Latreille, 1804, literature only reports two species on Madagascar. Our single expedition to humid forests of eastern and northern Madagascar, however, yielded a series of Dolomedes exemplars representing both sexes of five morphospecies. To avoid only using morphological diagnostics, we devised and tested an integrative taxonomic model for Dolomedes based on the unified species concept. The model first determines morphospecies within a morphometrics framework, then tests their validity via species delimitation using COI. It then incorporates habitat preferences, geological barriers, and dispersal related traits to form hypotheses about gene flow limitations. Our results reveal four new Dolomedes species that we describe from both sexes as Dolomedes gregoric sp. nov. , D. bedjanic sp. nov. , D. hydatostella sp. nov. , and D. rotundus sp. nov. The range of D. kalanoro Silva & Griswold, 2013, now also known from both sexes, is expanded to eastern Madagascar. By increasing the known raft spider diversity from one valid species to five, our results merely scratch the surface of the true Dolomedes species diversity on Madagascar. Our integrative taxonomic model provides the framework for future revisions of raft spiders anywhere., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2024 Yu and Kuntner.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

87. Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) exposure assessment among active daily commuters to induce behaviour change to reduce air pollution.

Author: Ilenič A, Pranjić AM, Zupančič N, Milačič R, and Ščančar J
Subjects: Particulate Matter analysis, Environmental Monitoring methods, Transportation, Air Pollution prevention & control, Air Pollution analysis, Air Pollutants analysis
Abstract: Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), a detrimental urban air pollutant primarily emitted by traffic and biomass burning, poses disproportionately significant health risks at relatively limited exposure during commuting. Previous studies have mainly focused on fixed locations when assessing PM 2.5 exposure, while neglecting pedestrians and cyclists, who often experience higher pollution levels. In response, this research aimed to independently validate the effectiveness of bicycle-mounted low-cost sensors (LCS) adopted by citizens, evaluate temporal and spatial PM 2.5 exposure, and assess associated health risks in Ljubljana, Slovenia. The LCS quality assurance results, verified by co-location field tests by air quality monitoring stations (AQMS), showed comparable outcomes with an average percentage difference of 21.29 %, attributed to humidity-induced nucleation effects. The colder months exhibited the highest air pollution levels (μ = 32.31 μg/m 3 ) due to frequent thermal inversions and weak wind circulation, hindering vertical air mixing and the adequate dispersion of pollutants. Additionally, PM 2.5 levels in all sampling periods were lowest in the afternoon (μ = 12.09 μg/m 3 ) and highest during the night (μ = 61.00 μg/m 3 ) when the planetary boundary layer thins, leading to the trapping of pollutants near the surface, thus significantly affecting diurnal and seasonal patterns. Analysis of exposure factors revealed that cyclists were approximately three times more exposed than pedestrians. However, the toxicological risk assessment indicated a minimal potential risk of PM 2.5 exposure. The collaborative integration of data from official AQMS and LCS can enhance evidence-based policy-making processes and facilitates the realignment of effective regulatory frameworks to reduce urban air pollution., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

88. A collaborative backbone resource for comparative studies of subterranean evolution: The World Asellidae database.

Author: Saclier N, Duchemin L, Konecny-Dupré L, Grison P, Eme D, Martin C, Callou C, Lefébure T, François C, Issartel C, Lewis JJ, Stoch F, Sket B, Gottstein S, Delić T, Zagmajster M, Grabowski M, Weber D, Reboleira ASPS, Palatov D, Paragamian K, Knight LRFD, Michel G, Lefebvre F, Hosseini MM, Camacho AI, De Bikuña BG, Taleb A, Belaidi N, Tuekam Kayo RP, Galassi DMP, Moldovan OT, Douady CJ, and Malard F
Subjects: Animals, Phylogeny, Ecosystem, DNA, Base Sequence, Isopoda genetics
Abstract: Transition to novel environments, such as groundwater colonization by surface organisms, provides an excellent research ground to study phenotypic evolution. However, interspecific comparative studies on evolution to groundwater life are few because of the challenge in assembling large ecological and molecular resources for species-rich taxa comprised of surface and subterranean species. Here, we make available to the scientific community an operational set of working tools and resources for the Asellidae, a family of freshwater isopods containing hundreds of surface and subterranean species. First, we release the World Asellidae database (WAD) and its web application, a sustainable and FAIR solution to producing and sharing data and biological material. WAD provides access to thousands of species occurrences, specimens, DNA extracts and DNA sequences with rich metadata ensuring full scientific traceability. Second, we perform a large-scale dated phylogenetic reconstruction of Asellidae to support phylogenetic comparative analyses. Of 424 terminal branches, we identify 34 pairs of surface and subterranean species representing independent replicates of the transition from surface water to groundwater. Third, we exemplify the usefulness of WAD for documenting phenotypic shifts associated with colonization of subterranean habitats. We provide the first phylogenetically controlled evidence that body size of males decreases relative to that of females upon groundwater colonization, suggesting competition for rare receptive females selects for smaller, more agile males in groundwater. By making these tools and resources widely accessible, we open up new opportunities for exploring how phenotypic traits evolve in response to changes in selective pressures and trade-offs during groundwater colonization., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

89. Sex-specific trait architecture in a spider with sexual size dimorphism.

Author: Kralj-Fišer S, Kuntner M, and Debes PV
Abstract: Sexual dimorphism, or sex-specific trait expression, may evolve when selection favours different optima for the same trait between sexes, that is, under antagonistic selection. Intra-locus sexual conflict exists when the sexually dimorphic trait under antagonistic selection is based on genes shared between sexes. A common assumption is that the presence of sexual-size dimorphism (SSD) indicates that sexual conflict has been, at least partly, resolved via decoupling of the trait architecture between sexes. However, whether and how decoupling of the trait architecture between sexes has been realized often remains unknown. We tested for differences in architecture of adult body size between sexes in a species with extreme SSD, the African hermit spider (Nephilingis cruentata), where adult female body size greatly exceeds that of males. Specifically, we estimated the sex-specific importance of genetic and maternal effects on adult body size among individuals that we laboratory-reared for up to eight generations. Quantitative genetic model estimates indicated that size variation in females is to a larger extent explained by direct genetic effects than by maternal effects, but in males to a larger extent by maternal than by genetic effects. We conclude that this sex-specific body-size architecture enables body-size evolution to proceed much more independently than under a common architecture to both sexes., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Evolutionary Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society for Evolutionary Biology.)
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

90. Machine learning-ready remote sensing data for Maya archaeology.

Author: Kokalj Ž, Džeroski S, Šprajc I, Štajdohar J, Draksler A, and Somrak M
Abstract: In our study, we set out to collect a multimodal annotated dataset for remote sensing of Maya archaeology, that is suitable for deep learning. The dataset covers the area around Chactún, one of the largest ancient Maya urban centres in the central Yucatán Peninsula. The dataset includes five types of data records: raster visualisations and canopy height model from airborne laser scanning (ALS) data, Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite data, and manual data annotations. The manual annotations (used as binary masks) represent three different types of ancient Maya structures (class labels: buildings, platforms, and aguadas - artificial reservoirs) within the study area, their exact locations, and boundaries. The dataset is ready for use with machine learning, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for object recognition, object localization (detection), and semantic segmentation. We would like to provide this dataset to help more research teams develop their own computer vision models for investigations of Maya archaeology or improve existing ones., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

91. A comprehensive early warning system for karst water sources contamination risk, case study of the Unica springs, SW Slovenia.

Author: Ravbar N, Mulec J, Mayaud C, Blatnik M, Kogovšek B, and Petrič M
Abstract: Water suppliers should provide safe drinking water following preventive measures. This is especially important for karst water sources, as they are among the most vulnerable. Recently, there has been a strong focus on the early warning system, which mainly involves monitoring proxy parameters, but does not consider drainage area conditions and other monitoring recommendations. Here, we present an innovative strategy for assessing contamination risk of karst water sources that covers spatio-temporal dimensions and can be integrated into management practices. It is based on event-based monitoring and risk mapping and has been tested in a well-known study area. The holistic early warning system provides accurate spatial hazard and risk assessment and operational monitoring guidelines, including locations, indicator parameters, and temporal resolution and duration. In the study area, the high contamination risk, representing 0.5 % of the area, was spatially delineated. The highest probability of source contamination occurs during recharge events when proxy parameters such as bacteria, ATP, Cl, and Ca/Mg ratio should be monitored in addition to continuous monitoring of turbidity, EC, and T. Monitoring of sinking streams should serve as a preventive measure, since water transfer from ponors to springs has been shown to take about one day, and poor quality water is present for at least another day. Therefore, intensive monitoring should be conducted at intervals of a few hours for at least a week. Although hydrologic systems vary, the proposed strategy is particularly useful in systems where water flows rapidly and where remediation is not feasible., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors of the manuscript certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers' bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

92. Physiological Signals and Affect as Predictors of Advertising Engagement.

Author: Strle G, Košir A, and Burnik U
Subjects: Young Adult, Humans, Heart Rate physiology, Advertising
Abstract: This study investigated the use of affect and physiological signals of heart rate, electrodermal activity, pupil dilation, and skin temperature to classify advertising engagement. The ground truth for the affective and behavioral aspects of ad engagement was collected from 53 young adults using the User Engagement Scale. Three gradient-boosting classifiers, LightGBM (LGBM), HistGradientBoostingClassifier (HGBC), and XGBoost (XGB), were used along with signal fusion to evaluate the performance of different signal combinations as predictors of engagement. The classifiers trained on the fusion of skin temperature, valence, and tiredness (features n = 5) performed better than those trained on all signals (features n = 30). The average AUC ROC scores for the fusion set were XGB = 0.68 (0.10), LGBM = 0.69 (0.07), and HGBC = 0.70 (0.11), compared to the lower scores for the set of all signals (XGB = 0.65 (0.11), LGBM = 0.66 (0.11), HGBC = 0.64 (0.10)). The results also show that the signal fusion set based on skin temperature outperforms the fusion sets of the other three signals. The main finding of this study is the role of specific physiological signals and how their fusion aids in more effective modeling of ad engagement while reducing the number of features.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

93. How do caves breathe: The airflow patterns in karst underground.

Author: Gabrovšek F
Subjects: Respiratory Physiological Phenomena, Temperature, Caves, Atmosphere
Abstract: Caves and their surrounding fracture systems in the vadose zone of karst regions host a unique atmospheric environment. Understanding the airflow patterns in caves is critical to understanding the properties of the subsurface atmosphere and the chemical interactions between air, water, and rock. The most common driver of airflow in caves is the density difference between the subsurface and the outside air, known as the chimney effect. Observations show that seasonal airflow patterns in caves also depend on the geometry of passages. In this work, I present and use a numerical model of a passage embedded and thermally coupled to a rock mass to study the relationship between the airflow pattern and passage geometry. As the outside air enters the subsurface, it approaches thermal equilibrium with the rock mass along a characteristic relaxation length. This determines the temperature and density contrast between the inside and outside air, and the resulting pressure difference, which drives the airflow. In passages with non-uniform outlines and/or cross-sections, the relaxation length may depend on the flow direction, resulting in different airflow velocities in cold and warm periods for the same absolute temperature difference between the massif and the external temperature. In a passage with a V-shaped longitudinal profile, the airflow is triggered by instability which causes the feedback between the relaxation length and airflow velocity. The airflow pattern can also be altered by snow and ice. Heat transfer in the rock and the thermal inertia of the rock also change the relaxation lengths and cause hysteresis in the curve presenting the airflow velocity vs. temperature difference., Competing Interests: The author has declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Franci Gabrovšek. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

94. Climate-trait relationships exhibit strong habitat specificity in plant communities across Europe.

Author: Kambach S, Sabatini FM, Attorre F, Biurrun I, Boenisch G, Bonari G, Čarni A, Carranza ML, Chiarucci A, Chytrý M, Dengler J, Garbolino E, Golub V, Güler B, Jandt U, Jansen J, Jašková A, Jiménez-Alfaro B, Karger DN, Kattge J, Knollová I, Midolo G, Moeslund JE, Pielech R, Rašomavičius V, Rūsiņa S, Šibík J, Stančić Z, Stanisci A, Svenning JC, Yamalov S, Zimmermann NE, and Bruelheide H
Subjects: Europe, Seeds, Ecosystem, Plants
Abstract: Ecological theory predicts close relationships between macroclimate and functional traits. Yet, global climatic gradients correlate only weakly with the trait composition of local plant communities, suggesting that important factors have been ignored. Here, we investigate the consistency of climate-trait relationships for plant communities in European habitats. Assuming that local factors are better accounted for in more narrowly defined habitats, we assigned > 300,000 vegetation plots to hierarchically classified habitats and modelled the effects of climate on the community-weighted means of four key functional traits using generalized additive models. We found that the predictive power of climate increased from broadly to narrowly defined habitats for specific leaf area and root length, but not for plant height and seed mass. Although macroclimate generally predicted the distribution of all traits, its effects varied, with habitat-specificity increasing toward more narrowly defined habitats. We conclude that macroclimate is an important determinant of terrestrial plant communities, but future predictions of climatic effects must consider how habitats are defined., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

95. Evidence of Woodland Management at the Eneolithic Pile Dwellings (3700-2400 BCE) in the Ljubljansko Barje, Slovenia?

Author: Out WA, Hänninen K, Merela M, Velušček A, Vermeeren C, and Čufar K
Abstract: It is assumed that people practiced woodland management, i.e., coppicing and pollarding, in prehistory, but details are poorly known. This study aims for a better understanding of woodland exploitation through time in the wetland basin of the Ljubljansko barje, Slovenia, from 3700-2400 BCE (Before Common Era). To do so, uncarbonized, waterlogged wood from 16 Eneolithic pile dwellings situated in two geographical clusters that cover a time span of c. 1300 years were subjected to age/diameter analysis. It is the first time that age/diameter analysis has been applied to multiple sites from the same region. The investigated posts represent a wide range of taxa, but oak ( Quercus sp.) and ash ( Fraxinus sp.) represent 75% of the total, indicating selective use of wood for this purpose. Diameter selection of ash may have taken place as well. At both site clusters, the age/diameter data do not reveal any unequivocal evidence for woodland management. Only at the youngest sites do the data possibly show some gradually changing practices. The outcomes are discussed within the framework of recent discussions about woodland management in Europe.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

96. Origins of Mesoamerican astronomy and calendar: Evidence from the Olmec and Maya regions.

Author: Šprajc I, Inomata T, and Aveni AF
Abstract: Archaeoastronomical studies have demonstrated that the important civic and ceremonial buildings in Mesoamerica were largely oriented to sunrises or sunsets on specific dates, but the origin and spread of orientation practices were not clear. Using aerial laser scanning (lidar) data, we analyzed orientations of a large number of ceremonial complexes in the area along the southern Gulf Coast, including many recently identified Formative sites dating to 1100 BCE to 250 CE. The distribution pattern of dates marked by solar alignments indicates their subsistence-related ritual significance. The orientations of complexes built between 1100 and 750 BCE, in particular, represent the earliest evidence of the use of the 260-day calendar, centuries earlier than its previously known use in textual records.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

97. Adherence to COVID-19 mitigation measures: The role of sociodemographic and personality factors.

Author: Turk E, Čelik T, Smrdu M, Šet J, Kuder A, Gregorič M, and Kralj-Fišer S
Abstract: The current COVID-19 pandemic caught the decision makers in many countries sub-optimally prepared to respond. To better cope with similar situations in the future, it is vital to understand the major predictors of health-beneficial behavior and adherence to imposed mitigation measures and guidelines. To tailor the promotion of government-imposed measures, it is important to understand how the sociodemographic background combined with personality traits affect the perception and responsiveness of people. We investigated the perception and adherence to mitigation measures during the pandemic by examining their trends across several sociodemographic categories and personality dimensions. The strongest predictors of confidence in the preventive measures and their implementation were the participants' concern of infection and concern of infecting their loved ones, followed by gender and age. Education, settlement size, field and type of employment, household type, own medical problems, and the age and health of the participants' loved ones had a smaller influence on the perceived guidelines importance and implementation. Adherence to measures was positively related to the participants' score in conscientiousness and, in lesser extent, openness. Agreeableness, energy, and emotional stability correlated positively with adherence to basic guidelines. Study provides information useful for developing and adapting future public health policies and interventions., Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-021-02051-5., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest/Competing Interests (Include Appropriate Disclosures)The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021.)
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

98. Towards evidence-based conservation of subterranean ecosystems.

Author: Mammola S, Meierhofer MB, Borges PAV, Colado R, Culver DC, Deharveng L, Delić T, Di Lorenzo T, Dražina T, Ferreira RL, Fiasca B, Fišer C, Galassi DMP, Garzoli L, Gerovasileiou V, Griebler C, Halse S, Howarth FG, Isaia M, Johnson JS, Komerički A, Martínez A, Milano F, Moldovan OT, Nanni V, Nicolosi G, Niemiller ML, Pallarés S, Pavlek M, Piano E, Pipan T, Sanchez-Fernandez D, Santangeli A, Schmidt SI, Wynne JJ, Zagmajster M, Zakšek V, and Cardoso P
Subjects: Caves, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Ecology, Fresh Water, Biodiversity, Ecosystem
Abstract: Subterranean ecosystems are among the most widespread environments on Earth, yet we still have poor knowledge of their biodiversity. To raise awareness of subterranean ecosystems, the essential services they provide, and their unique conservation challenges, 2021 and 2022 were designated International Years of Caves and Karst. As these ecosystems have traditionally been overlooked in global conservation agendas and multilateral agreements, a quantitative assessment of solution-based approaches to safeguard subterranean biota and associated habitats is timely. This assessment allows researchers and practitioners to understand the progress made and research needs in subterranean ecology and management. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature focused on subterranean ecosystems globally (terrestrial, freshwater, and saltwater systems), to quantify the available evidence-base for the effectiveness of conservation interventions. We selected 708 publications from the years 1964 to 2021 that discussed, recommended, or implemented 1,954 conservation interventions in subterranean ecosystems. We noted a steep increase in the number of studies from the 2000s while, surprisingly, the proportion of studies quantifying the impact of conservation interventions has steadily and significantly decreased in recent years. The effectiveness of 31% of conservation interventions has been tested statistically. We further highlight that 64% of the reported research occurred in the Palearctic and Nearctic biogeographic regions. Assessments of the effectiveness of conservation interventions were heavily biased towards indirect measures (monitoring and risk assessment), a limited sample of organisms (mostly arthropods and bats), and more accessible systems (terrestrial caves). Our results indicate that most conservation science in the field of subterranean biology does not apply a rigorous quantitative approach, resulting in sparse evidence for the effectiveness of interventions. This raises the important question of how to make conservation efforts more feasible to implement, cost-effective, and long-lasting. Although there is no single remedy, we propose a suite of potential solutions to focus our efforts better towards increasing statistical testing and stress the importance of standardising study reporting to facilitate meta-analytical exercises. We also provide a database summarising the available literature, which will help to build quantitative knowledge about interventions likely to yield the greatest impacts depending upon the subterranean species and habitats of interest. We view this as a starting point to shift away from the widespread tendency of recommending conservation interventions based on anecdotal and expert-based information rather than scientific evidence, without quantitatively testing their effectiveness., (© 2022 The Authors. Biological Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Cambridge Philosophical Society.)
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

99. Migration, transformation and nitrate source in the Lihu Underground River based on dual stable isotopes of δ 15 N-NO 3 - and δ 18 O-NO 3 .

Author: Wu P, Xiao Q, Guo Y, Prelovšek M, Yu Q, and Wang Q
Subjects: China, Environmental Monitoring methods, Fertilizers analysis, Manure analysis, Nitrates analysis, Nitrogen Isotopes analysis, Nitrogen Oxides, Sewage, Water, Groundwater, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
Abstract: Nitrate (NO 3 - ) pollution is a common phenomenon in karst underground rivers, which are important water sources in karst landscapes. For drinking water safety and environmental protection, it is crucial to accurately identify NO 3 - sources and their migration and transformation processes in the Lihu Underground River. In this study, water samples of the Lihu Underground River in Guangxi were collected in May 2014, October 2014, January 2015, and July 2015, and water chemical and dual isotopic (δ 15 N-NO 3 - and δ 18 O-NO 3 - ) approaches were used to evaluate the NO 3 - characteristics and sources in the Lihu Underground River. The concentration of NO 3 - in the Lihu Underground River ranged from 1.16 to 19.78 mg·L -1 , with an average of 9.30 mg·L -1 , which is more than 37% of the WHO standard (10 mg·L -1 ). The concentrations of NO 3 - in the wet season (May 2014 and July 2015) were slightly lower than those in the dry season (from October 2014 to January 2015) at most sampling sites due to dilution effects. The migration and transformation processes of NO 3 - were analyzed by comparing the measured and calculated concentrations of NO 3 - in the Lihu Underground River. In the dry season (from October 2014 to January 2015), the variation in NO 3 - concentration upstream and midstream of the Lihu Underground River was affected by exogenous input and nitrification. From midstream to the outlet of Xiaolongdong, it is affected by self-purification factors, including physical processes, chemical processes, and biological processes. In the wet season (May 2014 and July 2015), the dilution and mixing effects were the main factors controlling the variation in NO 3 - concentration in the Lihu Underground River. The contribution rates of potential NO 3 - sources (incl. atmospheric precipitation (AP), NO 3 - fertilizer (NF), NH 4 + in fertilizer and rainfall (NFA), soil organic nitrogen (SON), and manure and sewage (M&S)) were quantitatively evaluated by using the IsoSource model. The results showed that in May 2014, the main sources of NO 3 - were M&S and NF, with contribution rates of 46% and 41%, respectively. In October 2014, NO 3 - sources were M&S with a contribution rate of 47%, followed by NFA with a contribution rate of 31%. In January 2015, NO 3 - sources in groundwater were M&S, with a contribution rate of 53%, followed by NFA (34%). In July 2015, the main NO 3 - sources were M&S and NF, whose contribution rates were 54% and 39%, respectively., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

100. Male spiders avoid sexual cannibalism with a catapult mechanism.

Author: Zhang S, Liu Y, Ma Y, Wang H, Zhao Y, Kuntner M, and Li D
Subjects: Animals, Male, Reproduction physiology, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Cannibalism, Spiders physiology
Abstract: In the animal world, numerous mechanisms have been described that allow for extremely fast actions or reactions via the slow storage of energy, typically in elastic structures, which is then nearly instantly released 1-4 , similar to the operation of a catapult. Many of these mechanisms are employed for prey capture 1 , 2 or for predator avoidance 3 , 4 ; however, such superfast actions have not yet been reported as a means to dodge sexual cannibalism. Here, we unveil a novel mechanism in a communal orb-weaving spider Philoponella prominens (Uloboridae) (Figure S1), whereby males undertake a split-second catapult action immediately after mating, thereby fleeing their partner (Video S1). We demonstrate that males achieve their superfast action (up to 88.2 cm/s) by extending the tibia-metatarsus joint of their first leg pair via hydraulic pressure in a joint that is known to lack extensor muscles in spiders. This rapid expansion greatly reduces the likelihood of the male being sexually cannibalized., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Region

Database

Publisher

153 results on '"ZRC SAZU"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources