Search

Improving access to maternal health services is a critical policy concern, especially in Sub- Saharan Africa (SSA) where maternal mortality rates remain very high, particularly so among the poorest segments of society. Hence, following the global call to reduce maternal mortality embedded in the Sustainable Development Goal 3, multiple interventions have been designed and implemented across SSA countries to foster progress towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC) of maternal health services, including skilled birth attendance. While evidence on the impact of these interventions on access to service use is increasing, evidence on the distributional incidence of the financial investment they entail is still limited. This paper aims to close this gap in knowledge by conducting a quasi-longitudinal benefit incidence analysis to assess equality of both public and overall health spending on maternal health services in three Sub-Saharan African countries: Burkina Faso, Malawi and Zambia. The study relied on healthcare utilization data derived from different nationallevel household surveys (including Demographic and Health Survey, Performance based Financing Survey, and Zambia Household Health and Expenditure Survey) and health expenditure data derived from National Health Accounts. The findings demonstrate increasing equality in health spending over time, but also considerable persistent heterogeneity in distributional incidence across provinces/regions/districts. These findings suggest that the implementation of UHC-specific reforms targeting maternal care was effective in increasing equality in health spending, meaning that more financial resources reached the poorest segments of society, but was not yet sufficient to remove differences across provinces/regions/districts. Further research is needed to investigate sources of regional disparities and identify strategies to overcome them.

The presented thesis examines impacts of neoliberal policies on agriculture in the developing countries using the example of Zambia and Angola. It is based on a comparision of two most similar countries, which have been different in their approach to implementation of neoliberal policies. Another objective of this thesis is also the spatial transformation of Zambia's agriculture as a result of implementation of policy conditions in structural adjustment programmes. The focus of the paper is motivated by lack of similar approaches in research of neoliberal agriculture policies. This thesis also analyszes research of neoliberalism of agriculture and food regime theory, which has already been carried out. A large amount of data was compiled and processed from several data sources, and utilised to evaluate research questions. Research has confirmed decline in food crops production and yields in Zambia as a result of neoliberal policies, which could threaten the food sovereignty of the country. Furthermore, changes in the spatial distribution of crop production were observed, which are mainly related to the abolition of subsidies and different farmers behavior due to the introduction of Structural adjustment programs. Key words: Angola, agriculture, agriculture subsidies, neoliberalism, Structural...

Cette étude sur les parcs nationaux d'Afrique australe veut montrer comment les aires protégées peuvent être emblématiques d'une approche moderniste et coloniale de l'écologie. Si la modernité se définit par l'acte de séparer, alors nous sommes déjà entrés dans le monde d'après, marqué au sceau de la coprésence qui fait voler en éclat les frontières modernes. Nos tentatives répétées de faire des 'enclaves de nature' se heurtent partout aux logiques d'un monde connecté écologiquement et socialement. Pour sortir de cette écologie des parcs, Estienne Rodary nous invite à repenser radicalement les rapports des sociétés humaines à la Terre.

International audience

Description of Chaetabraeus (Mazureus) aberlenci n. sp., Chaetabraeus (Mazureus) secqi n. sp., Chaetabraeus (Mazureus) antoinetteae n. sp. and Chaetabraeus (Mazureus) mpumalangaensis n. sp., from tropical and equatorial Africa., Description de Chaetabraeus (Mazureus) aberlenci n. sp., Chaetabraeus (Mazureus) secqi n. sp., Chaetabraeus (Mazureus) antoinetteae n. sp. et Chaetabraeus (Mazureus) mpumalangaensis n. sp., d'Afrique tropicale et équatoriale.

Objective To describe the associations between socio‐economic position and prevalent tuberculosis in the 2010 ZAMSTAR Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey, one of the first large tuberculosis prevalence surveys in Southern Africa in the HIV era. Methods The main analyses used data on 34 446 individuals in Zambia and 30 017 individuals in South Africa with evaluable tuberculosis culture results. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios for prevalent TB by two measures of socio‐economic position: household wealth, derived from data on assets using principal components analysis, and individual educational attainment. Mediation analysis was used to evaluate potential mechanisms for the observed social gradients. Results The quartile with highest household wealth index in Zambia and South Africa had, respectively, 0.55 (95% CI 0.33–0.92) times and 0.70 (95% CI 0.54–0.93) times the adjusted odds of prevalent TB of the bottom quartile. College or university‐educated individuals in Zambia and South Africa had, respectively, 0.25 (95% CI 0.12–0.54) and 0.42 (95% CI 0.25–0.70) times the adjusted odds of prevalent TB of individuals who had received only primary education. We found little evidence that these associations were mediated via several key proximal risk factors for TB, including HIV status. Conclusion These data suggest that social determinants of TB remain important even in the context of generalised HIV epidemics.

Objective The zoonotic helminth Taenia solium is endemic in Zambia, causing human (taeniasis and (neuro)cysticercosis) and pig (porcine cysticercosis) diseases with high health, social and economic burdens. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a health educational program intended to lead to powerful and cumulative improvements in knowledge, attitudes and practices that decrease parasite transmission and disease occurrence. Methods Half‐day health education workshops were conducted in three primary schools in the highly endemic Eastern Province of Zambia, using the computer‐based T. solium educational program ‘The Vicious Worm’. Questionnaires were administered before and after the educational component to determine the program's impact on knowledge uptake in primary school students. Results In total, 99 students participated: 38 males and 61 females, with a median age of 14 years (range 10–18 years). Baseline general knowledge of T. solium, including awareness of the different human and pig disease states, and disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention, was quite high (average score 62%) and consistent across all three study areas. Participants’ knowledge had significantly increased after the educational component, particularly regarding parasite transmission and disease prevention. Conclusion Preliminary assessment of ‘The Vicious Worm’ indicates it is an effective tool for the short‐term T. solium education of primary school students in Zambia. Follow‐up studies are planned to assess the longer term impact of the program on knowledge uptake in the study neighbourhoods. Inclusion of tailored ‘The Vicious Worm’ educational workshops should be considered in integrated cysticercosis control programs in endemic areas of sub‐Saharan Africa.

This work involves establishment of the genus Nolafigura Opitz, new genus, description of its type species N. coachei Opitz, new species, and description of fourteen new species in the established genus Korynetes Herbst. The Korynetes new species involve: K. apiculus Opitz, K. bifidus Opitz, K. clavulus Opitz, K. divilgatus Opitz, K. fuscopedis Opitz, K. kruger Opitz, K. ligulus Opitz, K. luminosus Opitz, K. morulus Opitz, K. pelidnus Opitz, K. peliosus Opitz, K. procerus Opitz, K. serratus Opitz, and K. ustulatus Opitz. Also, a lectotype designation and redescription is provided for K. nigritarsis Pic. Included in this work are 12 Electron Micrographs, 16 habitus photographs, 13 photographs of genitalia, and 3 distributional maps. To facilitate the identification of the new taxa described herein, the new names are associated with previously described genera and species., Ce travail présente l’établissement du genre Nolafigura Opitz n. gen., la description de son espèce type N. coachei Opitz n. sp. et la description de quatorze nouvelles espèces du genre Korynetes Herbst: K. apiculus Opitz, K. bifidus Opitz, K. clavulus Opitz, K. divilgatus Opitz, K. fuscopedis Opitz, K. kruger Opitz, K. ligulus Opitz, K. luminosus Opitz, K. morulus Opitz, K. pelidnus Opitz, K. peliosus Opitz, K. procerus Opitz, K. serratus Opitz, et K. ustulatus Opitz. En outre, une désignation de lectotype et une nouvelle description sont fournies pour K. nigritarsis Pic. Ce travail comprend 12 micrographies électroniques, 16 photographies d’habitus, 13 photographies d’organes génitaux et 3 cartes de répartition. Pour faciliter l'identification des nouveaux taxons décrits ici, les nouveaux noms sont associés aux genres et espèces décrits précédemment.

The diploma thesis deals with risky behaviour of youth living in the Chibolya Slum, Zambia. The risky behaviour includes various forms of behaviour with negative impacts on health or social functioning of an individual and these may also threaten the surroundings of the young people. Examples of risky behaviour include use of tobacco, alcohol or other drugs and sexually risky behaviour. The tendencies to risky behaviour may appear at any time, but the most endangered group are the adolescents. The thesis is divided into theoretical part and practical part. The theoretical part specifies the basic terms of the thesis: risky behaviour, young people and the Republic of Zambia. The chapters of risky behaviour and Zambia are described in consideration of situation of young people. In the research part of the thesis, there was used the quantity research strategy, the method of questioning and the method of a questionnaire, distributed among the young people living in the Chibolya compound. The aim of the research included mapping of risky behaviour of youth in Chibolya compound, Zambia and establishing the factors affecting the occurrence of risky behaviour at young people in the location. In compliance with the aim of the thesis there were set the research questions: "Which forms of risky behaviour appear in the Chibolya slum most frequently?" and "Which factors affect the risky behaviour of young people?". The data was processed using the program Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and the program SPSS, release 16.0 and 23.0. The research showed that the most frequent forms of risky behaviour at respondents in the Chibolya compound is the addiction-related behaviour. It is most frequently related to abuse of illegal substances, specifically marijuana. Another proved form of addiction-related behaviour is the abuse of alcohol - 62% of respondents use it regularly. The research results also show the factors affecting risky behaviour of young people. These include biological features, specifically age and sex, peer pressure, easy accessibility of addictive drugs, family influences and unemployment. The research proved that unemployment is connected with a wide range of other risk factors and that is the reason for the unemployed to be the group facing maximal risks of risk behaviour.

Le présent article étudie la mise en politique des flux et des circulations, dans la période récente marquée par la néolibéralisation de la vie économique et politique. Grâce à une étude de cas sur l’Afrique Australe et un travail ethnographique de terrain en Zambie, l’article met en évidence les changements que les programmes néolibéraux ont entraînés pour la gestion des flux et des infrastructures: l’introduction de nouveaux acteurs issus des sphères privée et internationale (grandes entreprises, institutions financières internationales, marchés communs) a contribué à transformer les rationalités qui légitiment la gestion des infrastructures et des flux. Ces dernières, qui font part belle aux logiques de profit, se traduisent par un classement des flux suivant le critère de leur rentabilité et de leur insertion dans l’économie globalisée, et s’hybrident de façon originale avec les anciens schémas infrastructurels datant de la colonisation. This papers studies the politicization of flows and commercial circulations in a period marked by the neoliberalization of economic and political life. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Zambia, the article reveals the important changes that neoliberal programs have instilled in the management of commercial flows and infrastructures: the introduction of new actors (multinational companies, international financial institutions, common markets) contributed to transform the rationalities proceding from infrastructures management. These new rationalities, dominated by private profit, operate an ordering of commercial flows following their rentability and their integration into the globalized system, and merge with the old infrastructures pattern dating from colonization.

This thesis explores the variations of digital globalization within distance-learning systems. It studies the specific case of open universities in different countries. These systems, which generally provide access to post-secondary education with no prior requirement for admissions, develop educational programs on a massive scale. These programs, located in many countries, are predominantly active in Asia and most particularly in the Commonwealth. This example allows us to adopt a comparative perspective in an area that is not typically explored through Francophone research. Through the analysis of interviews contrasted to institutional discourses, the thesis presents a methodology qualifying the digital transition in eight open universities of the world: Africa, Europe and Asia. It proposes a model for understanding the transformations experienced in these distance-learning organizations within a global perspective (MOTION). This model provides a description of the dynamics within a system’s evolution process and anticipate future evolutions.; Cette thèse se propose d’étudier les mutations engendrées par la globalisation numérique au sein de dispositifs de formation à distance. Elle s’intéresse au cas spécifique des universités ouvertes dans plusieurs pays. Ces systèmes, qui permettent généralement l’accès aux études à distance et sans condition spécifique d’admission, diffusent de façon massive des programmes d’enseignement. Majoritairement présentes en Asie, elles se sont implantées dans de nombreux pays, en particulier dans le Commonwealth. Le cas des universités ouvertes permet ainsi d’adopter une perspective comparative, sur des terrains habituellement peu fréquentés par la recherche francophone. À travers l’analyse d’entretiens confrontés à des discours institutionnels, la thèse s’appuie sur une méthodologie permettant de qualifier la transition numérique au sein de huit universités ouvertes du monde, en Afrique, en Europe et en Asie. Elle propose un modèle de compréhension des mutations subies dans ces organisations distancielles dans une perspective globale (MOTION). Ce modèle permet de décrire un système dans sa dynamique d’évolution et d’anticiper les évolutions futures.

This paper deals with the difference between risk and insecurity from an anthropological perspective using a critical New Institutionalist approach. Risk refers to the ability to reduce undesirable outcomes, based on a range of information actors have on possible outcomes; insecurity refers to the lack of this information. With regard to the neo-liberal setting of a resource rich area in Zambia, Central Africa, local actors – men and women – face risk and insecurity in market constellations between rural and urban areas. They attempt to cope with risk using technical means and diversification of livelihood strategies. But as common-pool resources have been transformed from common property institutions to open access, also leading to unpredictability of competitors and partners in “free” markets, actors rely on magic options to reduce insecurity and transform it into risk-assessing strategies as an adaptation to modern times. Cet article porte sur la différence entre le risque et l’insécurité, d’un point de vue anthropologique, en utilisant une approche critique du Nouvel Institutionnalisme. Le risque se rapporte à la capacité de réduire les effets indésirables, à partir d’informations qu’ont les acteurs sur les résultats possibles ; l’insécurité en réfère, elle, à l’absence de ces informations. L’étude de cas porte sur la Zambie, État d’Afrique centrale riche en ressources naturelles où s’applique désormais une politique économique néolibérale. Les acteurs locaux – hommes et femmes – font face à des risques et à de l’insécurité dans un contexte de marché situé en zones rurales comme urbaines. C’est en utilisant des moyens techniques et des stratégies de subsistance diversifiées qu’ils affrontent ces risques. On observe que le passage d’une gestion commune des ressources à un système d’accès ouvert, passage qui multiplie l’imprévisibilité des concurrents et des partenaires dans ce marché dit « libre », a conduit les acteurs à utiliser des techniques de magie pour réduire l’insécurité et établir des stratégies d’évaluation, adaptant ainsi la tradition à l’époque moderne.

HIV and AIDS still pose a major public health problem to most countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Zambia included. The objective of the paper is to determine changes in selected sexual behaviour and practice and HIV prevalence indicators between 2001–2002 and 2007. We used the Demographic and Health Survey Indicators Database for the computation of the selected indicators. We further used STATA 10.0 to compute significance tests to test for statistical difference in the indicators. The results indicate some changes in sexual behaviour, as indicated by an increase in abstinence, use of condoms and the decrease in multiple partnerships. The overall percentage of abstinence among never-married young men and women aged 15–24 years in Zambia increased significantly by 15.2% (p = .000) and 5.9% (p = .001) respectively, between 2001–2002 and 2007. A statistically significant increase of 6.6% (p = .029) was observed in the percentage of young women who reported having used a condom during the last time they had had premarital sex. A statistically significant decrease of 11.0% (p = .000) and 1.4% (p = .000) was observed among young men and women, respectively, who reported having multiple partners in the preceding 12 months. The factorial decomposition using multivariate analysis reveals that the indicators which contributed to the statistically significant 2.6% decline in HIV prevalence among young women aged 15–24 years in Zambia include proportion reporting condom use during premarital sex (+6.6%), abstinence (+5.9%), sex before age 15 (24.5%), premarital sex (22.6%), sex before age 18 (22.4%) and proportion reporting multiple partnerships (21.4%). Remarkable strides have been achieved towards promoting responsible sexual behaviour and practice among young people in Zambia. Further research focusing on factors that predispose young women in Zambia to higher risk of infection from HIV is required. The results from this paper should be useful in the design of programmes to control the spread of HIV and AIDS, particularly among young people in Zambia and other sub-Saharan countries.Keywords: sexual behaviour and practice, young people, Demographic and Health Survey, HIV and AIDS, Zambia

Une enquête épidémiologique d’une durée de 6 mois a été réalisée dans les villages bordant le parc national de Kafue (KNP), dans le district d’Itezhi-Tezhi, en province centrale de Zambie. Au cours de cette étude, 52 entretiens ont été réalisés, sur l’ensemble des 19 villages principaux de la chefferie Musungwa, dont 7 entretiens individuels et 45 focus groupes. Au total, 229 éleveurs ont participé à l’enquête. Les entretiens étaient animés par des questions semi-ouvertes et plusieurs outils de l’épidémiologie participative comme des empilements proportionnels, des matrices d’impact ou des calendriers saisonniers. Ces outils ont permis d’identifier, de caractériser et de hiérarchiser les principales maladies affectant le bétail. Ils ont aussi permis de comprendre la place occupée par l’élevage bovin et ses différents rôles. L’étude montre que les bovins occupent une place centrale dans les communautés d’Ilas et de Tongas occupant les villages de la chefferie, notamment parce qu’ils confèrent une sécurité financière et permettent de cultiver les champs. Les maladies infectieuses, en causant une mortalité élevée dans les troupeaux ou en empêchant le travail de la terre ou la vente, affectent économiquement les villageois. Le manque d’appui technico-sanitaire a pour conséquence une mauvaise gestion des crises sanitaires. Les pathologies les plus importantes pour les éleveurs sont les maladies transmises par les tiques - incluant la maladie du Corridor et la cowdriose - la dermatose nodulaire contagieuse, la trypanosomiase, les boiteries, la fièvre aphteuse ainsi que des troubles digestifs et respiratoires. L’influence de la faune sauvage pourrait expliquer que certaines maladies comme la theileriose et la cowdriose affectent de manière préférentielle les villages proches du parc. Un renforcement des services vétérinaires pourrait permettre aux éleveurs de gérer les crises sanitaires affectant ces communautés.

Initially associated with hi-tech irrigated agriculture, drip irrigation is now being used by a much wider range of farmers in emerging and developing countries. This book documents the enthusiasm, spread and use of drip irrigation systems by smallholders but also some disappointments and disillusion faced in the global South. It explores and explains under which conditions it works, for whom and with what effects. The book deals with drip irrigation 'behind the scenes', showcasing what largely remain 'untold stories'.Most research on drip irrigation use plot-level studies to demonstrate the technology’s ability to save water or improve efficiencies and use a narrow and rather prescriptive engineering or economic language. They tend to be grounded in a firm belief in the technology and focus on the identification of ways to improve or better realize its potential. The technology also figures prominently in poverty alleviation or agricultural modernization narratives, figuring as a tool to help smallholders become more innovative, entrepreneurial and business minded. Instead of focusing on its potential, this book looks at drip irrigation-in-use, making sense of what it does from the perspectives of the farmers who use it, and of the development workers and agencies, policymakers, private companies, local craftsmen, engineers, extension agents or researchers who engage with it for a diversity of reasons and to realize a multiplicity of objectives. While anchored in a sound engineering understanding of the design and operating principles of the technology, the book extends the analysis beyond engineering and hydraulics to understand drip irrigation as a sociotechnical phenomenon that not only changes the way water is supplied to crops but also transforms agricultural farming systems and even how society is organized. The book provides field evidence from a diversity of interdisciplinary case studies in sub-Saharan Africa, the Mediterranean, Latin America, and South Asia, thus revealing some of the untold stories of drip irrigation.

International audience; Cette communication a été réalisée au sein de la session n°3 du Colloque Périmarge intitulée "Repenser les échelles dans la mondialisation". Elle décrit la convergence des flux commerciaux et d'action politique à Kasumbalesa, l'un des plus importants points frontaliers d'Afrique Australe en terme de commerce.

Cette communication a été réalisée au sein de la session n°3 du Colloque Périmarge intitulée "Repenser les échelles dans la mondialisation". Elle décrit la convergence des flux commerciaux et d'action politique à Kasumbalesa, l'un des plus importants points frontaliers d'Afrique Australe en terme de commerce.

Over the last fifty years Special economic zones have become widely used tool of economic policy. This bachelor thesis deals with analysis of Special economic zones in China, Zambia and Nigeria and studies the impact of the zones on the economic development of the countries. First, I define the theoretical background of the zones and their brief history. In the following chapter the thesis focuses on zone development in individual states and their specifications. Then the thesis focuses on a comparison of the inflows of foreign direct investment and indices of business environment between the countries. Final chapter evaluates the success of the SEZ policy on the countries development. The conclusion of this work has been to answer the hypothesis: Are the special economic zones universal instrument for development of backward regions? The answer is they are not and therefore I reject the hypothesis.

Livestock, especially cattle, play a paramount role in agriculture production systems, particularly in poor countries throughout the world. Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) have an important impact on livestock and agriculture production in sub-Saharan Africa. The authors review the most common methods used for the control of ticks and TBDs. Special emphasis is given to the direct application of acaricides to the host animals. The possible environmental and public health adverse effects (i.e., risks for the workers, residues in the environment and in food products of animal origin) are mentioned. The authors present two case studies, describing different field experiences in controlling ticks in two African countries. In Zambia (Southern Africa), a strategic dipping regime was used to control Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks, vectors of theileriosis, a deadly disease affecting cattle in the traditional livestock sector in Southern Province. The dipping regime adopted allowed to reduce the tick challenge and cattle mortally rate and, at the same time, to employ less acaricide as compared to the intensive dipping used so far, without disrupting the building-up of enzootic stability. In Burkina Faso (West Africa), where dipping was never used for tick control, an acaricide footbath was employed as an alternative method to the traditional technique used locally (portable manual sprayers). This was developed from field observations on the invasion/attachment process of the Amblyomma variegatum ticks – vector of cowdriosis – on the animal hosts, leading to a control method aimed to kill ticks temporarily attached to the interdigital areas before their permanent attachment to the predilection sites. This innovative method has been overall accepted by the local farmers. It has the advantage of greatly reducing costs of treatments and has a minimal environmental impact, making footbath a sustainable and replicable method, adoptable also in other West African countries. Although the two methods described, developed in very different contexts, are not comparable – if public health and environmental implications are taken into account, if a balance among efficacy of the control method(s), cost-effectiveness and sustainability is reached – a way forward for the implementation of a One Health strategy can be set.

This thesis dedicates to implementation of the boys' orphanage in developing country. The project belongs to Little Noah Foundation, while significant partner for direct realization is non-government organization Njovu. This thesis is classically created by theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part defines frequented concepts, informs about actual situation in the country, especially in west province of Zambia, and contains information about organizations participated into this project. The practical part continues to theoretical knowledge, defines goal and methodology of thesis and mainly presents results of its. The goal, which follows this thesis, is to map out the progress of boys' orphanage in Mongu. In the line with the thesis they are asked these research questions: Why was this boys' orphanage established in Mongu? How was the project progressing? What are the results of the project? I have chosen qualitative research to answer the research questions. During my residence there and active participating to realization of project (February December 2014) I have used methods of observation, questioning and analysis of the data. The results of this thesis are created by profound SWOT analysis of the project, approach of personal securing, describing of process of intake of children and case reports of adopted children, whose value is in demonstrating of local social reality. Numerous supplements illustrate presented information. Discussion summarizes and recapitulates results and their outputs are recommendations and notices for similar starting projects. Very important aspect for whole thesis is to implant it into the context of very different conditions. The contribution of the project is especially in promoting of family model of childcare in institution. Family character of this orphanage is specified by relatively low number of children and the caregivers are married couple with two own children. This thesis brings interrelated and concrete and detailed information about whole project and its progress. This thesis may be used like source of information about concrete project, like documentation of start of Little Noah Children's Home and as well it can be some kind of inspiration for similar projects in developing countries.

Then three, a constant visitor is very often the one who turns against you, your friend... ...the one you like is the one who arrests you. Then four, a woman does not keep any secrets. You may have killed an animal in the bush, if a woman had seen it then she will reveal that secret. She will say, ″He killed an animal.″ (Kabuswe C. Nabwalya, explaining a brief mulumbe, at Nabwalya) In the 1988-89 academic year at the University of Zambia, I made two trips to Nabwalya in the Luangwa Valley. Th...

Umusha afwa nefyebo mu kanwa [A slave dies with words in his mouth](Stanley Kalumba 1989) Accepted African oral literature scholarship, under normal circumstances, harbors a built-in mechanism to silence the African voices. By concomitantly reducing African oral performance to writing, and their performers to the role of ″informant,″ the collectors/editors, with the best of intentions, promote themselves to the status of the heroic midwife of an exercise in literary parturition for the intern...

Ubushiku bwaluba umukote, ne cimbwi cinye mfwi.[The day an old person gets lost[in the bush], you will find white hairs in the hyena’s dung.] The discursive style of this study leans toward a combination of description, reflexive commentary, published scholarly data, consultation with colleagues and cautious analysis. In this chapter I will combine the description of how I arranged the session with my personal travel to and brief stay in the village of Chief Puta. I will also provide some of ...

Katongo Soolo: Who is lisping out words? Don't you realize it is the teeth which make people speak properly? Audience member: What do you want to speak with? And you even have teeth, those are your health. KS: Mukwai, unless the tongue is touching the teeth you can't... Audience: Yes, we have all grown old, all the teeth are gone. (Performance by Mr. Katongo Soolo at Malole, 1989) The focus of this chapter is three performance-recording sessions in two locations in the home region of the Bemb...

Lukhero's essay forcefully raises the question of the extent to which ethnographers, and in particular indigenous ethnographers, can gain access to the sentiments of the people they study without being captured by them. This empirical question is perhaps not as important as the disciplinary query: should the committed ethnographer solicit capture or try to avoid it?J.A. Barnes, 1999/2000, cited in Schumaker, p. 259 At around the time I was finishing a monograph on the fictional oral narrative...

Storytelling plays an important part in the vibrant cultural life of Zambia and in many other communities across Africa. This innovative book provides a collection and analysis of oral narrative traditions as practiced by five Bembaspeaking ethnic groups in Zambia. The integration of newly digitalised audio and video recordings into the text enables the reader to encounter the storytellers themselves and hear their narratives. Robert Cancel's thorough critical interpretation, combined with these newly digitalised audio and video materials, makes Storytelling in Northern Zambia a much needed addition to the slender corpus of African folklore studies that deal with storytelling performance. Cancel threads his way between the complex demands of African fieldwork studies, folklore theory, narrative modes, reflexive description and simple documentation and succeeds in bringing to the reader a set of performers and their performances that are vivid, varied and instructive. He illustrates this living narrative tradition with a wide range of examples, and highlights the social status of narrators and the complex local identities that are at play. Cancel's study tells us not only about storytelling but sheds light on the study of oral literatures throughout Africa and beyond. Its innovative format, meanwhile, explores new directions in the integration of primary source material into scholarly texts. For Margaret and Avelino Cancel, Helen and Jack Finnigan, Paul Nsama, Anna Chilombo, Viv Shone, Stanley Kalumba, Booker Kapapula, Paul Chisakula, William Musonda and Rabbon Chola Ancestors all.

A fieldworker cannot but take events out of context and people out of their lives. The injustice of shaping other people’s lives around a research budget and university calendar is only vaguely implied in this short discussion. Zambians are not monolingual, nor do they have to fit into the neat categories that the researcher needs to think with, in order to turn noise into signal. Whether one is rural or urban, localist or cosmopolitan, one is always creating meaning. This involves the endogi...

The collection of oral traditions is a process that usually combines simple electronic recording of living events with the more complicated elements of establishing relationships with the performers and their audience, negotiating the time, place and compensation for their efforts, and observing and noting information not readily obtained by videocamera or tape recorder. The process is rendered more difficult when the researcher is working with people, or in an area, that he or she does not k...

Šmidrová, L. Evaluation of a Quality of Educational System in Zambia. Case Study of Community School in Kashitu. Bachelor thesis. Brno, 2014. The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to analyze conditions of education in Zambia. In the first section there are factors influencing Zambian education described. In the next sec-tion, I have focused on education in Zambia and operating of primary community school in Kashitu, New Renato. I also found involvement of this school in projects. I focused, how education affects the lives of resident. The aim is to evaluate education in Zambia and develop a methodology for assessing the quality of schools. The obtained information is discussed and summarized.

The Bachelor thesis "The International Development Cooperation of the Czech Republic in Africa" discusses the historical progress of relations between Czechoslovakia/Czech Republic and African states since the 3rd decade of the 20st century in the context of the international development cooperation. Step by step it analyzes the conceptualization of Czechoslovakian and Czech foreign policy and the creation of fundamental development documents. Special emphasis is placed on current relations with selected African states and the evaluation of the mutual Development Cooperation in supported sectors within the frame of Development Cooperation Strategy of the Czech Republic 2010 - 2017.

The aim of this work is to present and analyze the development of tourism in Zambia. The first part focuses on a literature review on the issue of tourism. It summarizes its history, it compares definitions related to tourism from the perspective of different authors. It describes tourism in the framework of natural, cultural and political conditions essential for its development and then evaluates its overall impact. The second part, own work, focuses on the situation of tourism in Zambia. There is the description of geographical, administrative and political structure and climatic conditions in the beginning of this chapter followed by the part where all of these condition are analyzed in detail within socio-economic context, especially in terms of its contribution to GDP. Because of the beauty of the nature and natural heritage itself, the visitors have been coming to the Zambia to see the world that is not controlled by human yet. Therefore, the number of visits has been growing during last three decades influencing incomes of local entrepreneurs and consequently a final contribution to gross domestic product in Zambia.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze conservation farming in Zambia. The theoretical part is focused on description of problems of conservation farming in third world countries, agro-ecological conditions in Zambia and characteristics of the agrarian sector. The practical part uses SWOT analysis to assess the potential of conservation farming in Zambia. The final assessment is discussed with four case studies of benefits and risks. Based on the theoretical and practical parts of this thesis, the implementation of conservation farming in Zambia is considered a success and it is a better alternative to current prevailing conventional agriculture. Conservation farming in Zambia contributes to regional, or sustainable development.

This diploma thesis deals with issue of foreign direct investment (FDI) into agrarian sector in developing countries with focus on the concept of food security and right to food. Initial theoretical part of this paper provides a discussion of its core concepts: the food security, the right to food as well as FDI with related issues. The theoretical analysis is subsequently applied to the context of Zambia. Author's engagement in field research is presented with two case studies which address the resultant effects of FDI in land on the community level in Zambia.

- In Africa, massive refugee movements occur on short distances towards neighbouring countries. Despite the concern raised by the host countries to plea assistance from the international community - refugees are always seen as a burden to share - it seems that an influx of refugees can also be a source of development for the host country. This article aims at explaining why Zambia has always adopted a generous asylum policy despite the risks. Among the benefits, let's highlight the refugee settlement patterns in land settlements which enable this low populated and highly urbanised country to feed its cities as well as to use international investments to develop and control the territory., Résumé. - En Afrique, des mouvements massifs de réfugiés se produisent sur de courtes distances vers les zones frontalières des pays limitrophes. Si les pays d'accueil lancent des cris d'alarme pour solliciter l'aide internationale — les réfugiés étant toujours perçus comme un fardeau à partager - il semble que ces afflux n'aient pas que des répercussions négatives et soient parfois utilisés comme source de développement. Cet article tente d'expliquer pourquoi la Zambie a toujours adopté une politique d'asile extrêmement généreuse malgré les risques de déstabilisation que cela a entraînés. Parmi les avantages tirés de cet accueil, citons le regroupement des réfugiés en sites agricoles qui permet à cet Etat peu peuplé et très urbanisé de bénéficier à la fois de la force de travail des réfugiés pour nourrir les villes et des investissements de la communauté internationale pour aménager le territoire., Lassailly-Jacob Véronique. Quelles réponses à l'afflux de réfugiés ? L'exemple zambien (What solutions to the refugee problem ? The example of Zambia). In: Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français, 79e année, 2002-2 ( juin). Géopolitiques africaines, sous la direction de Roland Pourtier. pp. 211-222.

Background Human resources for health (HRH) planning in Zambia, as in other countries, is often done by comparing current HRH numbers with established posts, without considering whether population health needs are being met. Service-based HRH planning compares the number and type of services required by populations, given their needs, with the capacity of existing HRH to perform those services. The objective of the study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of service-based HRH planning through its adaptation in two rural Zambian districts, Gwembe and Chibombo. Methods The health conditions causing the greatest mortality and morbidity in each district were identified using administrative data and consultations with community health committees and health workers. The number and type of health care services required to address these conditions were estimated based on their population sizes, incidence and prevalence of each condition, and desired levels of service. The capacity of each district’s health workers to provide these services was estimated using a survey of health workers (n=44) that assessed the availability of their specific competencies. Results The primary health conditions identified in the two districts were HIV/AIDS in Gwembe and malaria in Chibombo. Although the competencies of the existing health workforces in these two mostly aligned with these conditions, some substantial gaps were found between the services the workforce can provide and the services their populations need. The largest gaps identified in both districts were: performing laboratory testing and interpreting results, performing diagnostic imaging and interpreting results, taking and interpreting a patient’s medical history, performing a physical examination, identifying and diagnosing the illness in question, and assessing eligibility for antiretroviral treatment. Conclusions Although active, productive, and competent, health workers in these districts are too few to meet the leading health care needs of their populations. Given the specific competencies most lacking, on-site training of existing health workers to develop these competencies may be the best approach to addressing the identified gaps. Continued use of the service-based approach in Zambia will enhance the country’s ability to align the training, management, and deployment of its health workforce to meet the needs of its people.

This article aims to assess the spatial logics of participative animal conservation policies in Zambia and Zimbabwe. Faced with the failure of former authoritarian methods based on the principle of spatial segregation, over the last twenty years conservationalists have moved towards participative policies. The aim consists of integrating within a single area animal conservation policies with other forms of land use, notably agriculture. These are the basic premises of sectoriel political action in Zambia and Zimbabwe which are examined in this article., Cet article cherche à évaluer les logiques spatiales des politiques participatives de conservation de la faune en Zambie et au Zimbabwe. Confronté à l'échec de ses anciennes pratiques autoritaires basées sur des logiques de ségrégation spatiale, le secteur de la conservation s'est tourné depuis une vingtaine d'années vers des politiques participatives. L'objectif consiste à intégrer sur un même espace les pratiques de protection de la faune avec les autres modes d'usage des milieux, notamment l'agriculture. Ce sont ces postulats à la base de l'action politique sectorielle en Zambie et au Zimbabwe qui sont interrogés dans cet article., Rodary Estienne. Perspectives territoriales et contrôle réticulaire dans les politiques participatives de conservation de la nature en Zambie et au Zimbabwe / Territorial perspectives and recticular control in participative policies of nature conservation in Zambia and Zimbabwe. In: Géocarrefour, vol. 76, n°3, 2001. Les territoires de la participation. pp. 225-232.

Une expérience a été menée en Zambie afin de déterminer l'effet d'un traitement mensuel à la deltaméthrine pour-on sur le comportement alimentaire des mouches tsé-tsé et, par conséquent, sur l'incidence de la trypanosomose qu'elles transmettent au bétail traité à la deltaméthrine et non traité. Toutes les deux semaines, pendant quatorze semaines, l'incidence de la trypanosomose et l'hématocrite de troupeaux traités à la deltaméthrine et de troupeaux témoins non traités groupés dans la même zone ont été comparés. Aucune différence significative n'a été trouvée entre les deux groupes. Il est conclu que l'effet de la deltaméthrine sur l'incidence de la trypanosomose s'explique par une baisse de la pression glossinienne due à la diminution de la densité des mouches tsétsé dans la zone environnante plutôt que par un changement de leur comportement alimentaire qui aurait été induit par les traitements à la deltaméthrine. L'utilisation de cette méthode de lutte doit donc être réservée aux endroits où une diminution suffisante de la densité de tsé-tsé peut se traduire par une chute du risque trypanosomien.