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Two copper-based nanoclusters were synthesized and were used to develop vanillin sensors via Förster resonance energy transfer and the quenching effect.

(85-x)WC–15 wt%Al2O3–xTiC (x = 0, 1.5, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 wt%) composites were prepared by vacuum hot-press sintering. The influence of TiC addition on the corrosion behaviour of WC–Al2O3 composites in 0.1 M NaOH solution was revealed. The results suggest that all the samples containing added TiC had the TiC phase and (W, Ti) C solid-solution phase, while the base composite had neither phase. With increasing added TiC content, the average grain size of WC decreased, and the relative density first increased and then decreased. Furthermore, the results suggest that the addition of TiC could noticeably increase the free corrosion potential and impedance and reduce the corrosion current density. However, the composite containing 20 wt% added TiC showed the opposite trend. Therefore, it can be concluded that the corrosion performance of the composites in an alkaline medium can be improved by adding an appropriate amount of TiC. The change in corrosion properties was caused by changes in the solid-solution phase, relative density, and TiO2 oxide film.

Fluid status is directly related to the potential of oil development from oil shale. The analysis of clay minerals indicates a thorough process of smectite-illitization occurred during diagenesis, ...

Here we successfully developed a kind of carbon dot (CD), which emitted obvious orange-fluorescence, based on the hydrothermal method while polyacrylic acid was employed as the carbon source. The developed CDs have been equipped with multiple functional groups such as CO, -OH and -COOH, facilitating the possibility of interacting with potential targets. Meaningfully, the introduction of silver ions induced the fluorescence quenching of the as-prepared CDs. Meanwhile, the proposed CDs achieved detection of Ag

In this study, the densification during the formation of WC-based coating prepared by electric contact strengthening (ECS) was investigated. Under increasing ECS process unit time, the surface and cross-sectional morphology, element distribution, hardness and phase composition of WC-based coating were detected. And the wear tests were conducted to test the coating performance. The results showed that, with the prolongation of ECS time, the coatings became denser while the porosity ratio decreased from 10.14% to 1.05%; The hardness of the coatings increased and the worn loss decreased continuously. It was found that, by the heating-pressing action of ECS, the WC-based powder geometry could maintain the original sphere shape, while the pores were filled gradually. The A4 coating showed the lowest wear rate. The densification mechanism was deduced that the intensified capillarity at the interface between the hard phase and binder phase due to the heating-pressing action, which showed forced infiltration and creeping behavior of the binding phase.

A comparative study on the corrosion behavior of novel WC-MgO composite and WC-6Co cemented carbide was carried out in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution with immersion and electrochemistry method. The result indicates that WC-MgO composite possesses higher corrosion resistance than WC-6Co cemented carbide. The key reason for higher corrosion resistance of WC-MgO composite is the dense and flat WO3 passive film which can protect inner material to avoid further corrosion successfully. The main corrosion mechanism for WC-MgO composite is typical pitting and oxidation of WC phase. The reaction of MgO and Cl− promotes the dissolution of MgO phase, which is the main reason of pitting formation. For WC-6Co cemented carbide, the corrosion products are porous, which cannot protect inner material to avoid further corrosion. The difference of corrosion mechanism can be attributed to the replacing of Co binder with MgO, which avoids the formation of galvanic corrosion between WC and Co.

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) has been considered as the most potential serological biomarker for the early stage detection of prostate cancer. Here, a label-free fluorescence aptasensing strategy for detecting PSA based on hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and G-quadruplex DNAzymes has been developed. This designed strategy consists of three DNA probes, aptamer probe (AP), hairpin probe 1 (H1) and hairpin probe 2 (H2). In the presence of target PSA, the aptamer sequences in AP specifically recognized PSA to form a PSA-aptamer complex, causing an AP conformation change and thus releasing the initiator, which triggered the chain-like assembly of H1 and H2 that yielded extended nicked double-stranded DNA through HCR. Upon the addition of hemin, the G-rich segments at the end of H1 and H2 self-assembled into the peroxidase-mimicking hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzymes, which catalyzed the hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidation of thiamine to give a fluorescence signal dependent on the concentration of PSA. Under optimal conditions, a limit of detection of 0.05 nM and a linear range from 0.1 nM to 1 nM (R2 = 0.9942) were achieved by this assay. In addition, other interfering proteins, such as IgG, AFP and CEA, did not produce any significant change in the fluorescence intensity response, indicating good selectivity of this sensor for PSA detection. Finally, this proposed aptasensor was successfully used for diluted serum samples.

The corrosion behavior of WC-MgO composite in H2SO4 and NaOH solution has been studied with electrochemistry and microstructure analysis method. The aim of this work is to explore the corrosion behavior and mechanism of WC-MgO whisker composite in acid and alkali solution. The result suggests that WC-MgO composite possesses higher corrosion resistance in H2SO4 solution than in NaOH solution. The key reason for better corrosion resistance in H2SO4 solution is the stable WO3 passive film. The oxidation of WC leads to corrosion induced crack along with grain boundaries. It can be attributed to the preferential corrosion of grain boundary and volume expansion caused by WC phase oxidation. The corrosion induced crack on the surface may decrease mechanical properties of WC-MgO composite. In NaOH solution, the main corrosion mechanism is the dissolution of WC phase but MgO is relatively stable.

WC–Al2O3 composites with 0, 0.1 wt%, 0.5 wt% and 0.9 wt% graphene platelets were fabricated in order to compare their tribological behavior. Friction and wear results were obtained on the composite flats sliding against the WC–Co cemented carbide under 50 N load using a reciprocating ball-on-disk tribometer. The experimental results indicate that the compacted layers with cracks form on the wear surfaces of all the composite bulks. The WC–Al2O3 composites with 0.1 wt% and 0.5 wt% graphene platelets possess lower friction coefficient and wear rate, which can be attributed to the lubrication and protection of graphene tribofilm as well as their higher mechanical properties. Graphene tribofilm cannot form on the wear surface of WC–Al2O3 composite with 0.9 wt%, due to the agglomeration tendency of graphene and its lower mechanical properties.

Understanding the occurrences of different fractions of organic matter in shale reservoirs is very important for the evaluation of shale oil. Lacustrine organic-rich shale samples from the first member of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin were analyzed with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and fluorescence spectral analysis. The results show that the occurrences of different organic components are related to the fabric of samples and vary with depth. The bulk content of light components is significantly higher than heavy components and exhibits a positive relationship with quartz and feldspar contents. Both light and heavy components are distributed parallel with the lamination in microscopic view in laminated samples, and randomly in massive samples. The maximum radius of light components in most of the samples is larger than 20 µm, while it is smaller for heavy components, indicating the micro fractionation from clay/organic lamina to quartz/feldspar lamina. The depth of enrichment of light components corresponds to the oil maturity of organic matter. Both the distribution of light and heavy components fits the same fractal model, with fractal dimensions ranging between 2.2 and 2.5. The CLSM results confirm that it can be a reliable tool for the “sweet spot” exploration.

Pressure injury is a serious and preventable problem in intensive care units. Translating guidelines into clinical practice can reduce the incidence of pressure injury. Identifying clinical status, barriers and facilitators contribute to guideline implementation. To identify the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pressure injury prevention in Chinese critical care nurses. Secondary data were extracted from a multicentric clinical trial. Knowledge and attitudes toward pressure injury prevention were assessed by a fourteen-item questionnaire. The observed practices were recorded using a case report form. The report complies with the STROBE statement. A total of 950 critical care nurses in 15 hospitals from six provinces of China were investigated. A total of 53.1% of nurses received a median score of 6 points or less. Knowledge regarding the repositioning procedure, risk assessment, and heel pressure injury prevention was insufficient. Over 99% of nurses strongly or somewhat agreed that pressure injury prevention was very important and that they were willing to take measures to prevent pressure injury. A total of 27 781 patient days of pressure injury prevention practice were recorded. Repositioning was the most commonly used prevention measure, followed by support surfaces and prophylactic dressings. A combination of repositioning, support surface, and prophylactic dressing was lacking. Chinese critical nurses showed a low level of knowledge and a positive attitude toward pressure injury prevention. Practices of pressure injury prevention were unsatisfactory. There is a clear gap between the guidelines and clinical practices. The barrier (low-level knowledge) and facilitator (positive attitude) were identified in this study. According to these findings, strategies need to be developed to promote guideline implementation.

In this study, WC-Al2O3 composite was fabricated by vacuum hot-pressing sintering. The corrosion behavior of WC-Al2O3 composite in NaOH and H2SO4 solutions was investigated by electrochemical measurements. The corrosion mechanisms were analyzed and revealed in light of corrosion morphology observation and composition characterization. The results confirmed that WC-Al2O3 composite possessed higher corrosion resistance than WC-Co hard metal in H2SO4 solution. Conversely, WC-Al2O3 composite behaved similar corrosion resistance compared with WC-Co hard metal in NaOH solution. The key reason for higher corrosion resistance in H2SO4 solution is the stable WO3 passive film. The oxidation of WC phase leads to neck cracks along with grain boundaries, which is attributed to the preferential corrosion of grain boundary and the stress derived from the volume expansion during polarization and drying processes. In NaOH solution, the corrosion mechanism of WC-Al2O3 composite mainly attributed to the dissolution of WC phase, but Al2O3 phase is relatively stable.

Fully dense WC-Al2O3 platelet composites with VC additive were fabricated by hot-press sintering. Their mechanical properties and microstructure were examined. The contents of Al2O3 platelet (Al2O3...

Advanced mechanical and tribological properties are the premises for the novel WC-Al2O3 ceramic composite without metallic binder phase to be industrially applied. For this purpose, 0.3 wt% graphene platelets were doped during the fabrication of WC-Al2O3 ceramic composite in this work. Characterization showed graphene platelets were homogeneously distributed in the ceramic matrix. Graphene platelets additions refined the grain size, increased the hardness (from 16.18 to 18.34 GPa) and fracture toughness (from 8.08 to 11.02 MPa m1/2). Graphene platelets additions reduced the friction coefficient (from 0.47 to 0.28, under 40 N; from 0.57 to 0.38, under 60 N) and the specific wear rate (from 1.21 × 10−5 to 1.32 × 10−6mm3N−1m−1, under 40 N; from 2.18 × 10−5 to 6.72 × 10−6mm3N−1m−1, under 60 N), based on the ball-on-disk dry sliding.

Earthen sites in China have great historic, artistic, and scientific values embedded in archaeology, raw materials, and construction techniques. However, high concentrations of salt could potential...

Background Because androgen receptor (AR) signaling is essential for prostate cancer (PCa) initiation and progression, castration is the main approach for treatment. Unfortunately, patients tend to enter a stage called castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) despite the initial response to castration. For various reasons, AR signaling is reactivated in CRPC. As such, AR signaling inhibitors, such as enzalutamide, has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat CRPC in the clinic. However, the limited success of these new drugs suggests an immediate unmet need to understand the underlying mechanisms for resistance so novel targets can be identified to enhance their efficacy. Methods An unbiased bioinformatics analysis was performed with the existing human patient dataset and RNA-seq results of in-house PCa cell lines to identify new targets to overcome enzalutamide resistance. Cell viability and growth were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and colony formation assay. Cell invasion and migration were detected by transwell assay. Protein levels were detected by Western blot or immunofluorescence. Results We found that the noncanonical Wnt signaling was activated in enzalutamide-resistant PCa cells and that the activation of noncanonical Wnt signaling was correlated with AR expression and disease progression. This was validated by the elevated expression of noncanonical Wnt pathway members such as Wnt5a, RhoA, and ROCK in enzalutamide-resistant PCa cells in comparison to their enzalutamide-sensitive counterparts. And, both Y27632, an inhibitor of ROCK, and depletion of ROCK enhanced the efficacy of enzalutamide in enzalutamide-resistant PCa cells. Of significance, a combination of Y27632 and enzalutamide inhibited 22RV1-derived xenograft tumor growth synergistically. Finally, ROCK depletion plus enzalutamide treatment inhibited invasion and migration of enzalutamide-resistant PCa cells via inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Conclusions The noncanonical Wnt pathway is activated in enzalutamide-resistant PCa and inhibition of noncanonical Wnt pathway overcomes enzalutamide resistance and enhances its efficacy in CRPC.

In this article, we report for the first time the use of a dual-emission carbon dots (CDs) with orange-yellow fluorescence for the detection of l-glutamic acid (L-Glu). The CDs was synthesized through a facile strategy of one-pot hydrothermal route using o-phenylenediamine (oPD) and oxalic acid. The CDs exhibit two fluorescence emission peaks around 453 nm and 560 nm when the excitation wavelength is at 390 nm. In the existence of L-Glu the fluorescence at 560 nm was decreased, whereas the fluorescence at 453 nm was constant. The fluorescence intensity ratio at 560 nm and 453 nm (F

Twist measurement based on the transmission of fixed wavelength of a helical long-period fiber grating is studied. The single-mode fiber is spiraled by a welding machine. There are two resonance dips near 1473 nm and 1517 nm, with the pitch length around 782 μm. The experimental results show that the transmission near 1473 nm decreases along with contra-direction twist and increases along with co-direction twist. In contrast, the transmission near 1517 nm decreases along with co-direction twist and increases along with contra-direction twist. The relationships between the twist and the resonance wavelength, the twist and the transmission of resonance dips, the twist and the transmission of fixed wavelengths are studied, respectively. They all show linear relationship with the twist, and the slopes are about 100 nm·mm/rad, 36 dB·mm/rad, and 46 dB·mm/rad, respectively. The dual-wavelength ratio is studied, and the ratio also shows linear relationship with the twist. The twist sensitivity of I1463.3 nm/I1526.5 nm is about 0.79 each 0.01 rad/mm. This has great potential application in twist sensors.

This research involves a novel axial strain measurement of helical long-period grating by dual-wavelength ratio. The single-mode fiber is spirally processed via the commercial welding machine. There are two obvious resonance dips near 1473 and 1517 nm, with the pitch length around 782 μ m. The experimental results show that both the transmission of dip1 and dip2 rise along with increasing axial strain. The relationships between axial strain versus transmission of resonance dip and axial strain versus transmission of a fixed wavelength are studied separately. They are all linear change with axial strain. This indicates that the axial strain can be measured by the linear relationship between the transmission and axial strain. Furthermore, to eliminate the influence of light source, the dual-wavelength ratio is studied. The experimental results show that the ratio also changes linearly with axial strain. The fixed wavelength can be selected by a filter or a fiber Bragg grating, and the transmission intensity can be measured by a light intensity detector. This exploits a new way to devise high precision, low cost, and gains great potential application in the axial strain sensor.

Lactobacillus plantarum and molasses have been shown to function as fermentation modifiers in both silage and rumen fermentation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of L. plantarum MTD1, a commercial probiotic, when co-administered with waste molasses (WM), on the silage quality, rumen volatile fatty acids and greenhouse gas (GHG) production of rice straw. Rice straw was ensiled with no additive (Control), 106 cfu/g L. plantarum (L), L + 2%WM, L + 3%WM and L + 4%WM for 3, 6, 9, 15, 30 and 60 days. The rumen volatile fatty acids and gas production kinetics were determined using in vitro incubation technology. All additives, especially L + 4%WM, improved the silage quality of rice straw, indicated by higher lactic acid and nonstructural carbohydrate content, lower pH, butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen content (P

To enhance the toughness of the WC-Al2O3 composite, graphene platelets (GPLs) were incorporated to this ceramic composite by using ball milling and hot pressing sintering. The influences of graphene on microstructure and mechanical properties of the WC-Al2O3 composites were investigated. Results of the experiments showed that the grain size of the composite first diminished and then increased gradually along with the increase of graphene content. Both the Vickers hardness and toughness increased first and then diminished along with the increase of graphene content. The optimized composite exhibited the highest Vickers hardness (18.78 GPa) and the highest fracture toughness (11.09 MPa·m1/2) at the indentation load of 294 N (30 kg) when incorporated with 0.3 wt% GPLs, which are about 18.7% and 40.8% higher than that of WC-Al2O3 without GPLs, respectively. However, the relative density of the WC-Al2O3 composites decreased stably along with the increase of graphene content. Agglomeration of GPLs and porosity were observed in the composites with high content, which weakened the properties. The toughening mechanisms are proposed to be crack deflection, crack bridging, graphene pull out and grain refinement.

With the more serious service environment, the new WC-Al2O3 as coatings are required to apply in high-temperature wear condition. Owing to the severe deterioration of WC-Al2O3 material in >500 °C, WC-Al2O3 composites with different content of Ni were prepared using vacuum hot-pressing sintering technology with the aim of improving its elevated temperature wear behavior. Wear experiments of WC-Al2O3-x%Ni against YG6 ball (WC-6Co) were conducted at 600 °C using a commercially made high-temperature ball-on-disk tribometer. The mechanical properties and oxidation wear behavior of Ni doped WC-Al2O3 composites were investigated. The phase and morphology of the sample surfaces were analyzed by XRD, EDS and SEM. The results show that the addition of Ni inhibited the decarburization of WC and ensured high mechanical properties. At elevated temperature, wear loss increased with loading. Without load, the mass loss decreased with the increase of Ni content. The minimum loss of WC-Al2O3 composite with 10%Ni is 3.1 mg, decreased by 72.7%. When the load increased to 15 N, the mass loss of WC-Al2O3 composite with 5%Ni is the minimum of 54.8 mg, decreased by 38.2%. On the whole, the addition of Ni is conducive to improving the resistance to oxidation wear. The wear mechanisms were dominated by oxidation wear and spalling of the tribolayer.

The nanocomposite film including polyoxometalate (POM) cluster K28Li5H7P8W48O184·92H2O (P8W48), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) was successfully fabricated by electrochemical reduction assisted technique. This synthesis was novel, convenient, and environmentally friendly. Moreover, the time of fabricating process was greatly shorten to about 1 h comparing to that of the traditional method of layer by layer (LbL) self-assembly. The reduced P8W48 was served as reducing agent, stabilizer and bridging molecules simultaneously in the composite film. The structure of the composite material was verified by comprehensive characterization using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The investigation of the electrocatalysis for H2O2 showed that the {PEI/rGO}-Au@P8W48 modified electrode has high catalytic activity, good sensitivity, good selectivity, low detection limit and fast response. In addition, the result indicated that the electrocatalytic activity of the electrode with Au NPs was better than that of the electrode without Au NPs. The enhanced catalytic property was attributed to the synergistic effect of the rGO, P8W48 and Au NPs.

The lacustrine shale of the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation is the principal prospective unconventional target lithology, acting as source, reservoir, and seal. Lithofacies and associated storage capacity are two significant factors in shale oil prospectivity. This paper describes an investigation of the lower Qingshankou Formation lacustrine shale based on detailed description and analysis of cores, shale lithofacies characteristics, depositional setting, and stacking patterns. Seven lithofacies are recognized based on organic matter content, sedimentary structure, and mineralogy, all exhibiting rapid vertical and lateral changes controlled by the depositional setting and basin evolution. An overall trend from shallow-water to deep-water depositional environments is interpreted from the characteristics of the infilling sequences, characterized by increasing total organic carbon (TOC) and total clay content and decreasing layer thickness (i.e., from bedded to laminated then to massive sedimentary structures). Periods of deposition during shallowing cycles show a reverse trend in the sedimentary characteristics described above. The sedimentary rocks in the studied interval show three complete short-term cycles, each one containing progressive and regressive system tracts. Massive siliceous mudstones with both high and moderate TOC are considered to have the best hydrocarbon generation potential. Laminated siliceous mudstones, bedded siltstones, and calcareous mudstones with moderate and low TOC could have the same high hydrocarbon saturations as the high-TOC massive siliceous mudstones, but these lithologies contain more brittle minerals than the massive mudstones. Several siltstone samples show low or zero saturation of in situ hydrocarbons; this is considered to be related to a combination of fair to poor hydrocarbon generation potential and extremely low permeability, limiting migration. Moderate-TOC laminated siliceous mudstones were also observed to have connective pore-fracture networks. It can be demonstrated that successive thick sequences of moderate-TOC laminated siliceous mudstones, showing high volumes of hydrocarbon in situ, a high mineral brittleness index, and good permeability, combine to form shale oil exploration “sweet spots.”

In this study, the wear behaviors of an advanced WC-15%Al2O3 composite (WA15) were compared with a commercially available WC-8%Co cemented carbide (YG8). In order to evaluate and compare their anti-wear performance, the ball-on-flat dry sliding wear tests were conducted under different loads using a reciprocating tribometer. The cross sectional profiles of the wear scar on both materials were drawn using a surface profilometer. The volume loss and the wear rates were calculated depend on the cross sectional area (CSA) of the wear scar. The load-dependent wear results suggested that the anti-wear performance of WA15 was superior to YG8. The examination of worn surfaces from field emission scanning electron microscopy showed that the wear mechanisms of surface damage were mainly brittle fracture and plastic deformation.

In this work, we have developed an efficient method based on silica fluorescent dye-doped nanoparticles and second antibody for cancer cell labeling. The dye-doped silica nanoparticles were synthesized by the reverse microemulsion method with the conjugate of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and rhodamine B isothiocynate. A PEG with flexible long chain as the bridge was introduced onto the surface of the nanoparticle via cyanogens bromide method. The second antibody, goat anti-rabbit IgG, was conjugated on the surface of the PEG-terminal modified silica fluorescent nanoparticles by covalent binding to the PEG linkers via the EDC/sulfo-NHS method. The concentrations of goat anti-rabbit IgG covering the nanoparticles were quantified via the Bradford method. The silica fluorescent nanoparticles functionalized with rabbit anti-MUC1 antibody were employed as bioprobes for the recognition of MUC1 protein in human breast carcinoma molecules MCF-7 cells. Compared with fluorescent dye labeled IgG, the fluorescent nanoprobes display dramatically increased photostability.

To elucidate the differences of various sugar sources and doses on rice straw silage, the effect of molasses (M, direct substrate) and fibrolytic enzyme (E, indirect substrate) with four doses on fermentation dynamics, carbohydrates and in vitro digestibility was evaluated. Molasses (0, 2, 3 and 4% of fresh weight) or fibrolytic enzyme (0, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06%) were applied to fresh rice straw ensiling for 3, 6, 9, 15, 30 and 60 days. All additives increased lactic acid content and lactic/acetic acid, reduced pH, NH3-N content of resulting silage (p

We report a temperature measurement method based on fixed wavelength transmission intensity of long-period fiber grating. Relative to wavelength or edge filtering, this method has obvious advantages in measurement accuracy and cost. The relationship between the transmission intensity and temperature at a fixed wavelength is simulated based on the theory of long-period fiber grating coupling mode. The results show that the transmission intensity of the fixed wavelength is linearly related to the temperature with the appropriate parameters. In the experiment, the transmission spectrum shows two resonant peaks at 1485 and 1538 nm. Two fixed wavelengths at 1480.4 and 1549.7 nm were selected, and the results show a linear relationship between transmission intensity and temperature. The temperature sensitivity of the transmission intensity at 1480.4 nm is about 0.0544 dB / ° C, which means the value of I1480.4 nm / I0 changes by 1.3% for every 1°C. To eliminate the influence of light source and enhance the measurement sensitivity, the ratio of the transmission intensity of two fixed wavelengths was selected to carry out the temperature measurement. The temperature sensitivity of the ratio of I1480.4 nm / I1549.7 nm was 0.0729 dB / ° C, that is, the light intensity ratio changed by 1.7% when the temperature changed by 1°C. A more reasonable design of long-period fiber grating and a more appropriate selection of fixed wavelength should be able to obtain higher temperature sensitivity.

Background: To determine the influence of lateral decubitus position on cement distribution of unilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF).Methods: A retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent PKP for OVCF at the Spine Department of our hospital between January 2016 and January 2020. Unilateral PKP were performed by the same senior spinal surgeon team under local anesthesia. Patients were divided into two group according to positions with injecting cement. Complete symptom and radiographic evaluation information were gathered from each patient since the initial presentation. Then, the radiographic and symptomatic indexes between two groups were compared.Results: There were 190 patients included in this study. Ninety-four patients used to receive cement injection in lateral decubitus position while 96 patients were in prone position. A significantly longer surgical time (28.7±4.5 min vs. 26.8±4.3min) and more cement volume (6.14±0.66ml vs. 5.69±0.69ml) were found in lateral decubitus group. And visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were significantly lower (p Conclusion: It is possible that lateral decubitus position can improve cement distribution, relieve acute pain more and decrease leakage incidence in OVCF patients with unilateral PKP，although it might be slightly time-consuming. It was recommended that position could be switched to lateral decubitus position during cement injection for unilateral PKP, especially when extraversion angle was small.

In this work, we reported the first use of a novel fluorescent probe for phoxim detection based on yellowish-green emissive carbon quantum dots (CQDs). By facile one-pot hydrothermal treatment of citric acid and p-phenylenediamine, the CQDs with yellowish-green luminescence were synthesized. The sensing mechanism is based on the quenching effect of phoxim on the fluorescence emission of CQDs by inner filter effect (IFE). The CQDs showed a good sensitivity and selectivity to phoxim detection and dual good linear relationships were provided in the concentration ranges of 1–10 μM and 10–98 μM, associated with the limit of detection of 0.09 μM. The proposed assay has been allowed to detect phoxim in real samples with satisfying recoveries ranging from 93 to 105.9%. Furthermore, due to the low cytotoxicity and excellent biocompatibility, the as-prepared CQDs was successfully used for cell imaging, demonstrating the considerable potential applications of such CQDs in biological field.

A presentation based on the helical long-period grating (H-LPFG) affected by the change of temperature and twist has been demonstrated. There are two resonant peaks near 1451 nm (resonant peak 1) and 1519 nm (resonant peak 2) when the pitch length is about 757 μm. The resonant peak 1 is caused by second-order diffraction coupling between the fundamental mode and the LP110 cladding mode, and the resonant peak 2 is caused by first-order diffraction coupling between the fundamental mode and the LP15 cladding mode. Their temperature sensitivities are 72 pm/℃ and 45 pm/℃, respectively. The resonant peak 1 twist sensitivities are − 138 nm·mm/rad with co-direction twist and 133 nm·mm/rad with contrary-direction twist, but the resonant peak 2 is insensitive to twist. This indicates that at the resonant peak 2, the H-LPFG can measure temperature without cross-impact by twist. Therefore, this can be applied to measure temperature and twist at the same time.

Helically twisted long-period fiber gratings (H-LPFG) of the single-mode fiber provided by Yofc inc is spiral processed by commercial welding machine. There is an obvious second-order resonant dip near 1526 nm coupling between the fundamental mode and the LP15 cladding mode when the pitch length is about 757 μm. The half peak width is about 15 nm, and the resonant dip is about -28 dB. The transmission intensity ratio of 10lg(I1523.4nm/I1537nm) and 10lg(I1523.4nm/I1551.1nm) versus temperature are measured, which show linearly with temperature. The radio sensitivity of I1523.4nm/I1537nm is about 0.023/C° compared with the wavelength sensitivity of about 45 pm/C°. This can be applied in temperature sensor.

The single-mode fiber provided by YOFC inc is employed for spiral processing by commercial welding machine. It can clearly see the periods structure under the light, but there is no obvious deformation of the fiber core, cladding and surface morphology under a microscope. There is an obvious resonant peak near 1560 nm, half peak width is about 25 nm, the depth of the resonant peak closed to –26 dB, when the period is about 411 μm. It agrees with theoretical calculation results according to the long-period fiber grating coupled-mode theory. The resonance wavelength is caused by coupling between the fundamental mode and the LP14 mode. The responsivities of the helically twisted long-period fiber gratings (H-LPFG) for the temperature is measured, the resonance wavelength is linear with temperature, the slope is 86 pm/℃. Because it is easy to inscribe by commercial welding machine, and has a strong resonance peak, it has potential applications as the temperature sensor.

Digital Rock Images have been widely used for rock core analysis in petroleum industry. And it has been noticed that the resolution of Digital Rock Images are not fine enough for complex real-world problems. We propose Deep Neural Networks to increase resolution and quality for Digital Rock Images. The results demonstrate that our proposed method indeed can produce Digital Rock Images of higher resolution. And the proposed method for two-dimensional images has potential value to extend to 3D situation which means a lot for three-dimensional Digital Rock reconstruction.

Digital rock images have been widely used for rock core analysis in petroleum industry. Petroleum engineers are interested in high resolution digital rock images which are fine enough for them to overcome complex real-world problems. The higher resolution of digital rock images, the more accurate the parameters they can get, such as porosity and permeability which statistically describe porous materials. We applied Fast Super-Resolution Convolutional Neural Networks (FSRCNN) to increase resolution for Digital Rock Images. And we compared it with the benchmark named Super-Resolution Convolutional Neural Networks (SRCNN) which is the first deep learning method for image super resolution. The results demonstrate that the FSRCNN can produce high resolution digital rock images in a faster speed and it is valuable processing step for digital rock workflow.

Digital Rock is a research hotspot in the field of oil and gas. In practice, oil and gas departments hope to get clearer images of rock core which are helpful for them to understand characteristics of reservoir rock better. And based on that they can develop a better mining strategy. Through literature research, we found that in recent years, deep learning algorithms have achieved great success in processing images, thus we introduced them into the field of processing core images. At the same time, we noticed that core images generally have colourful blocks of different sizes. Based on this feature, we did not directly apply the classic algorithm, but made some improvements. Experiments show that the effect of our proposed method is equivalent to that of the classic algorithms, however, in the pre-processing stage, it saves time significantly.