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Additional file 1. Figure S1 Subgroup analysis of rs505922 and cancer risk. Figure S2 Sensitivity analysis diagram of rs505922 and cancer (a) and cardiocerebrovascular disease (b) risk. Figure S3 Trim and fill method results (a) and filled funnel plot (b) of rs505922 and cancer risk. Figure S4 Subgroup analysis of rs505922 and cardiocerebrovascular disease risk. Figure S5 Trim and fill method results (a) and filled funnel plot (b) of rs505922 and cardiocerebrovascular disease risk. Figure S6 Sensitivity analysis of rs657152 and cancer (a) and cardiocerebrovascular disease (b) risk. Figure S7 Trim and fill method results (a) and filled funnel plot (b) of rs657152 and cancer risk. Figure S8 Trim and fill method results (a) and filled funnel plot (b) of rs657152 and cardiocerebrovascular disease risk. Table S1. Previous reported SNPs had strong linkage disequilibrium with rs505922. Table S2 Quality assessment of case-control studies according to NOS for rs505922. Table S3 Quality assessment of case-control studies according to NOS for rs657152. Table S4 Results for meta-analysis of ABO gene polymorphisms with cancer and cardiocerebrovascular disease risk. Table S5 Subgroup analysis of rs505922 polymorphism

Additional file 1 Spatiotemporal clustering of COVID-19 incident cases in stage1 from January 20 to February 6, 2020 (a) and stage2 from February 7 to March 4, 2020 (b) (excluding Hubei province). We drew this figure using ArcGIS software v10.2.2.

Additional file 2 Spatiotemporal clustering of COVID-19 incident cases in stage1 from January 20 to February 6, 2020 (a) and stage2 from February 7 to March 4, 2020 (b) (excluding Hubei province). We drew this figure using ArcGIS software v10.2.2.

Background ABO gene polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with the risk of multiple cancers and cardiocerebrovascular diseases. However, the results remained controversial. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the association between two SNPs (rs505922 and rs657152) in ABO gene and cancers/cardiocerebrovascular diseases. Method All eligible case-control studies come from PubMed, Embase and Web of Science up to Jan. 1, 2019. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the corresponding associations. Sensitivity analysis, publication bias assessment, and heterogeneity test were performed using STATA 12.0. Results A total of nineteen articles involving twenty-two case-control populations were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twelve populations (20,820 cases and 27,837 controls) were used to evaluate the relationship between rs505922 and overall cancers and nine populations (22,275 cases and 71,549 controls) were included to assess the association between rs505922 and cardiocerebrovascular diseases. The results showed a significant association between the rs505922 polymorphism and cancers (CvsT: OR = 1.13, 95%CI = 1.05–1.22, P = 0.001), and cardiocerebrovascular diseases (OR = 1.36, 95%CI = 1.19–1.57, P P P Conclusion Our study suggested that ABO polymorphisms might serve as a risk factor of pancreatic cancers and cardiocerebrovascular diseases.

Until now, no studies have investigated whether women other than those with dense breasts are suitable for adjunctive ultrasonography after negative mammography, and investigated whether all women with negative mammography are suitable for adjunctive ultrasonography.Based on the Multi-modality Independent Screening Trial in China, a total of 31,918 women aged 45 to 65 years underwent both ultrasonography and mammography. Physicians performed ultrasonography and mammography separately and were blinded to each other's findings until their interpretations had been recorded. For both ultrasonography and mammography, suspicious results and those highly suggestive of a malignancy were confirmed by pathologic examination, whereas other results were confirmed by 1-year follow-up after initial screening.Based on Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) assessments, 84 (84.8%) of 99 cancers were identified on mammography (detection rate, 2.6/1000), and 61 (61.6%) of 99 cancers were identified on ultrasonography (detection rate, 1.9/1000). Integrated mammography with ultrasonography identified 94 (95.0%) of 99 cancers, with an increment of 11.9% in cancer detection rate (from 2.6/1000 to 2.9/1000) (P .05). Moreover, among women with BIRADS 3, adjunctive ultrasonography detected no cancers. All 10 additional cancers detected by adjunctive ultrasonography were from women with BIRADS 0 to 2, at a cost of 207 women with false positives. Additionally, dense breasts and benign breast disease were significantly associated with positive ultrasonography after BIRADS 0 to 2 (all P values .05).After negative mammography, adjunctive ultrasonography should only be recommended for BIRADS 0 to 2 but not BIRADS 3, especially for women with dense breasts or benign breast disease.

The proposed model utilizes the information implied in the history of E-commerce negotiation to automatically mark the data to form the training samples, and apply the clues binary decision tree to automatically learn the samples to obtain the estimate of the opponent difference function. Then, an incremental decision-making problem is constituted through the combination of its own and the opponent's difference functions; and the dispersion algorithm is adopted to solve the optimization problem. The experimental results show that, the model still demonstrates relatively high efficiency and effectiveness under the condition of information confidentiality and no priori knowledge.

Solid tumors are increasingly recognized as a systemic disease that is manifested by changes in DNA, RNA, proteins and metabolites in the blood. Whereas many studies have reported gene mutation events in the circulation, few studies have focused on epigenetic DNA methylation markers. To identify DNA methylation biomarkers in peripheral blood for ovarian cancer, we performed a two-stage epigenome-wide association study. In the discovery stage, we measured genome wide DNA methylation for 485 000 CpG sites in peripheral blood in 24 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cases and 24 age-matched healthy controls. We selected 96 significantly differentially methylated CpG sites for validation using Illumina’s Custom VeraCode methylation assay in 206 EOC cases and 205 controls and 46 CpG sites validated in the independent replication samples. A set of 6 of these 46 CpG sites was found by the receiver operating characteristic analysis to have a prediction accuracy of 77.3% for all EOC (95% confidence interval: 72.9–81.8%). Pathway analysis of the genes associated with the 46 CpG sites revealed an enrichment of immune system process genes, including LYST (cg16962115, FDR = 1.24E−04), CADM1 (cg21933078, FDR = 1.22E−02) and NFATC1 (cg06784563, FDR = 1.46E−02). Furthermore, DNA methylation status in peripheral blood was correlated with platelet parameters/coagulation factor levels. This study discovered a panel of epigenetic liquid biopsy markers closely associated with overall immunologic conditions and platelet parameters/coagulation systems of the patients for detection of all stages and subtypes of EOC.

Integrated financial data stream mining is an important method to study financial data stream with the sample drift. In view of the defects of the traditional integrated financial data stream mining, human memory curve is introduced into the financial data stream mining, and the memorizing based financial data stream mining (MFSM) is proposed. The model regards the base classifier as the knowledge gained by the system, through the “Memory” mechanism, it not only makes the base classifier useful in history be kept in the “Memory” attributing to the strong memory capacity, and improve the stability of the prediction, but also select the base classifier with good classification effect from the “Memory bank” to participate in the integrated prediction, so as to improve the adaptability to the sample variation. Based on the MFSM model, a memorizing based integrated financial data stream mining (MISM) is put forward, which makes use of the Ebbinghaus memory curve to design the memory curve of the system...

Aim Childhood obesity is a major public problem worldwide, and sleep duration may be associated with childhood obesity. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to estimate the associations between sleep duration and obesity/body mass index (BMI) in children. Methods PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched. For the meta-analysis, the pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated to reveal the association between short sleep duration and obesity. For the review, the outcomes focused on BMI change or subsequent BMI status. Results A total of 12 studies (15 populations) met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Short sleep duration was significantly associated with obesity (RR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.14–1.85). After excluding two cohorts that substantially affected the heterogeneity, the pooled results remained significant (RR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.20–1.42), and the association was not substantially altered in the subgroup analysis. In addition, we summarised 24 studies that met the criteria for our review of the relationship between sleeping and BMI. Conclusion The present meta-analysis indicated that short sleep duration increased the risk of childhood obesity. Public health efforts that encourage children to have sufficient sleep time may be important in combating obesity.

Background: ABO gene polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with the risk of multiple cancers and cardiocerebrovascular diseases. However, the results remained controversial. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the association between two SNPs (rs505922 and rs657152) in ABO gene and cancers/cardiocerebrovascular diseases. Method: All eligible case-control studies come from PubMed, Embase and Web of Science up to Jan. 1, 2019. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the corresponding associations. Sensitivity analysis, publication bias assessment, and heterogeneity test were performed using STATA 12.0. Results: A total of eighteen articles involving twenty-nine case-control populations were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eleven populations (16,929 cases and 23,941 controls) were used to evaluate the relationship between rs505922 and overall cancers and nine populations (22,275 cases and 71,549 controls) were included to assess the association between rs505922 and cardiocerebrovascular diseases. The results showed a significant association between the rs505922 polymorphism and cancers (CvsT: OR=1.13, 95% CI=1.04-1.22, P=0.003), and cardiocerebrovascular diseases (OR=1.36, 95%CI=1.19-1.57, P

Background To investigate whether women with benign breast disease (BBD) history have higher breast cancer detection rate in screening. Methods We reviewed data for 33 001 female participants in Multi-modality Independent Screening Trial (MIST). Corresponding data for 6823 breast cancer patients were retrieved from the Tianjin Breast Cancer Cases Cohort (TBCCC) and analyzed for comparison. Results The breast cancer detection rate was 2.83‰ among women with BBD history and 3.28‰ in women without. Moreover, the proportion of carcinoma in situ (CIS) was also lower in women with BBD history than women without (7.69 versus 20.31%). In contrast, analysis of TBCCC data revealed a higher proportion of CIS in patients with BBD history (5.05%) than patients without (3.26%). Our data showed that a larger proportion of women with BBD history had undergone previous breast examinations. Additionally, among participants diagnosed with both breast cancer and BBD in MIST, we found a lower proportion of CIS in women with BBD history (11.76%) compared to women without (32.14%). Conclusions Women with BBD history were not found to have higher detection rate in breast cancer screening. Women with BBD history were more likely to be proactive in seeking breast examinations and to have breast cancer be diagnosed in clinic.

// Ying Gao 1, 2, * , Qiliang Cai 3, * , Yubei Huang 2, * , Shu Li 1 , Hongxi Yang 1 , Li Sun 1 , Kexin Chen 2 , Yaogang Wang 1 1 Department of Health Service Management, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China 2 Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China 3 Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China * Co-first authors, these authors contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Yaogang Wang, email: wangyg@tmu.edu.cn Keywords: microRNA-21, breast cancer, diagnostic, biomarker, meta-analysis Received: January 17, 2016 Accepted: April 16, 2016 Published: May 02, 2016 ABSTRACT MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) has been reported as the potential novel diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer in several studies, but their results were inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a systematic analysis to evaluate the diagnostic value of miR-21 in detecting breast cancer. A comprehensive electronic and manual search was conducted for relevant literatures through several databases up to November 9, 2015. QUADAS-2 was used to assess the quality of the studies included in the study. All statistical analyses were performed using Meta-Disc 1.4 and Stata 12.0. Eleven studies with a total of 918 breast cancer patients and 613 controls were included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 0.72 (95% CI: 0.69–0.75), 0.80 (95% CI: 0.77–0.83), 3.37 (95% CI: 2.24–5.07), 0.30 (95% CI: 0.19–0.50), and 11.79 (95% CI: 5.23–26.57), respectively. The area under the curve of SROC was 0.8517. In conclusion, our analyses suggested that miR-21 is a promising biomarker in diagnosing breast cancer. For clinical purpose, further large-scale studies are warranted to validate its clinical application.

To investigate the association between overall life satisfaction and healthy lifestyle, knowledge of breast cancer, physical examination, and detection rate of breast cancer and benign breast disease in Chinese women. In a multicentered breast disease screening program in China, we enrolled 33,057 women aged 45–65 years without prior diagnosis of breast cancer. After completing an epidemiological questionnaire, all participants were examined by clinical breast examination, breast ultrasound, and mammography independently. All breast cancer cases and a selected sample of benign breast diseases were confirmed pathologically. Univariate and multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the association between life satisfaction and lifestyle, knowledge of breast cancer, physical examination, and detection rate of breast diseases. Overall life satisfaction was positively associated with women's healthy lifestyle. Compared with less satisfied women, satisfied women were less likely to be smokers (OR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.47–0.62), have more exercise (OR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.26–1.75), eat less fried (OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.50–0.71), smoked (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.47–0.63), pickled (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.55–0.79), and grilled (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.54–0.74) foods. Satisfied women were more likely to have knowledge of breast cancer (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.29–1.70), and have regular physical examinations (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01–1.12). Compared to less satisfied women, we found significantly lower detection rate of benign breast diseases (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82–0.99), and lower but nonsignificant detection rate of breast cancer (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.35–1.25) in satisfied women. Women with a higher overall life satisfaction are more likely to have healthy lifestyle, knowledge of breast cancer, and regular physical examination, thus resulting in a lower detection rate of breast diseases in screening.

Background To explore predictors of depressive symptoms in college students. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the predictors of depressive symptoms. PubMed/Medline, Embase, Springerlink, EBSCOhost, Cochrane review, PsycINFO, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, Weipu database and Wanfang database were searched for cohort or longitudinal studies. Stata version 13.1 was used for statistical meta-analysis. Results Among 30 cohort studies, 24 studies covering 25,154 college students with the NOS of 6 and over were selected for systematic review and 15 studies met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. The predictors of depressive symptoms in college students were gender, baseline depression, neuroticism or psychoticism, negative automatic thoughts or negative rumination, dysfunctional attitude, childhood abuse, sex abuse, and stressful life events. The combined risk ratios and its 95% confidence interval (CI) of each previous predictors were 1.11 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.21), 1.28 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.45), 1.25 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.45), 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01,1.05), 1.17 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.29), 1.05(95% CI: 1.02,1.08), 1.01 (95% CI: 1.00,1.02), and 1.16 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.27), respectively. Perceived social support and family function did not displayed significant predictive effects. Funnel plots showed that publication bias was possible. Limitations Screening tools for depressive symptoms do not have the power or specificity of the gold standard measures for depression like the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) or the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which would influence the study validity and the combined estimates. Conclusions Specific biological, psychological and environmental factors contribute to depressive symptoms in college students. Consideration of these prognostic factors might be conducive to improve understanding and management of future interventions against depressive symptoms among college students. Due to the highly sophisticated course of depression, it is crucial to summarize theoretical frameworks for depressive symptom interventions among college students.

Background The Gail model has been widely used and validated with conflicting results. The current study aims to evaluate the performance of different versions of the Gail model by means of systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis (TSA). Methods Three systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted. Pooled expected-to-observed (E/O) ratio and pooled area under the curve (AUC) were calculated using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. Pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio were evaluated by bivariate mixed-effects model. TSA was also conducted to determine whether the evidence was sufficient and conclusive. Results Gail model 1 accurately predicted breast cancer risk in American women (pooled E/O = 1.03; 95% CI 0.76–1.40). The pooled E/O ratios of Caucasian-American Gail model 2 in American, European and Asian women were 0.98 (95% CI 0.91–1.06), 1.07 (95% CI 0.66–1.74) and 2.29 (95% CI 1.95–2.68), respectively. Additionally, Asian-American Gail model 2 overestimated the risk for Asian women about two times (pooled E/O = 1.82; 95% CI 1.31–2.51). TSA showed that evidence in Asian women was sufficient; nonetheless, the results in American and European women need further verification. The pooled AUCs for Gail model 1 in American and European women and Asian females were 0.55 (95% CI 0.53–0.56) and 0.75 (95% CI 0.63–0.88), respectively, and the pooled AUCs of Caucasian-American Gail model 2 for American, Asian and European females were 0.61 (95% CI 0.59–0.63), 0.55 (95% CI 0.52–0.58) and 0.58 (95% CI 0.55–0.62), respectively. The pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio of Gail model 1 were 0.63 (95% CI 0.27–0.89), 0.91 (95% CI 0.87–0.94) and 17.38 (95% CI 2.66–113.70), respectively, and the corresponding indexes of Gail model 2 were 0.35 (95% CI 0.17–0.59), 0.86 (95% CI 0.76–0.92) and 3.38 (95% CI 1.40–8.17), respectively. Conclusions The Gail model was more accurate in predicting the incidence of breast cancer in American and European females, while far less useful for individual-level risk prediction. Moreover, the Gail model may overestimate the risk in Asian women and the results were further validated by TSA, which is an addition to the three previous systematic review and meta-analyses. Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42016047215. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-018-0947-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Shows funnel plot of discrimination of the Gail model when stratified by geographic region in America (A), Europe and others (B) and Asia (C). (PDF 278 kb)

Shows funnel plot of calibration of the Gail model (shows) and funnel plot adjusted by trim-and-fill method (B). (PDF 255 kb)

Shows pooled E/O ratio for Gail model 1 and Caucasian-American Gail model 2 after excluding studies conducted in Asian women. (PDF 582 kb)

Shows forest plot of calibration of the Asian-American version of Gail model 2 in Asian females and Caucasian-American Gail model 2 in American, Asian and European women. (PDF 663 kb)

Shows funnel plot of calibration of the Gail model when stratified by geographic region in America (A), Europe (B) and Asia (C). (PDF 305 kb)

Shows forest plot (A), sensitivity analysis (B) and cumulative analysis ranked by publication year (C) and sample size (D) of calibration of the Gail model after excluding studies conducted in Asian women. (PDF 1202 kb)

Shows sensitivity analysis (A), cumulative meta-analysis ranked by publication year (B) and sample size (C) of discrimination of the Gail model. (PDF 1321 kb)

Shows subgroup analysis of calibration of the Gail model after excluding studies conducted in Asian women. (PDF 106 kb)

Shows subgroup analysis of calibration of the Gail model. (PDF 103 kb)

Association between fruit intake and risk of type 2 diabetes is inconsistent. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of all prospective cohort studies to clarify the association between fruit intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. Relevant studies were identified by searches of the PubMed and Embase databases up to November 2013. The summary relative risks of association were obtained using a fixed- or random-effects model. A total of nine prospective studies (403,259 participants, including 27,940 with incident type 2 diabetes) from seven publications were included in the meta-analysis of fruit intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. We found that individuals in the highest category of fruit intake had a reduced risk of type 2 dia- betes (relative risk 0.92, 95 % confidence interval 0.86-0.97, p = 0.003) compared to those in the lowest category, with moderate evidence of between-study heter- ogeneity (I 2 = 37.6 %, p = 0.12). There was an evident non-linear association of fruit intake with type 2 diabetes (P for nonlinearity \0.001). A non-linear threshold of 200 g/day of fruit intake was identified and the risk of type 2 diabetes reduced by about 13 % at this cut-off. Our findings are consistent with diet recommendations to con- sume about 200 g/day of fruits to prevent type 2 diabetes.

To determine the preliminary effectiveness of breast cancer screening among Chinese females, 1226714 women aged 35–69 years first received clinical breast examinations. Urban women with suspected cancer received mammography followed by breast ultrasound (BUS), while rural suspected women underwent BUS followed by mammography. After one-year follow-up, 223 and 431 breast cancers were detected among urban and rural women (respectively), with overall detection rates of 0.56/1000 and 0.52/1000. Higher detection rates were significantly associated with older age at screening for both urban and rural women; additionally, urban women were at significantly higher risk if they had no job, no insurance, or were obese; additional risk factors specific to rural women included Han nationality, higher income, being unmarried, and having a family history of cancer (all P values in situ. All abovementioned cancer characteristics were significantly better than clinic-detected cancers (all P values

Aim To evaluate the long-term efficacy and potential risk of psychiatric side effects of varenicline for smoking cessation compared with placebo or nicotine replacement therapy.

Childhood obesity is a major public problem worldwide, and sleep duration may be associated with childhood obesity. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to estimate the associations between sleep duration and obesity/body mass index (BMI) in children.PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched. For the meta-analysis, the pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated to reveal the association between short sleep duration and obesity. For the review, the outcomes focused on BMI change or subsequent BMI status.A total of 12 studies (15 populations) met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Short sleep duration was significantly associated with obesity (RR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.14-1.85). After excluding two cohorts that substantially affected the heterogeneity, the pooled results remained significant (RR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.20-1.42), and the association was not substantially altered in the subgroup analysis. In addition, we summarised 24 studies that met the criteria for our review of the relationship between sleeping and BMI.The present meta-analysis indicated that short sleep duration increased the risk of childhood obesity. Public health efforts that encourage children to have sufficient sleep time may be important in combating obesity.

This meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively estimate the associations between sleep duration and weight gain or obesity in adults according to the literature retrieval results of related prospective cohort studies published before October 2014.The literature retrieval was conducted by using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Chinese databases, including CNKI, VIP and Wan Fang. The pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated, and the tests of the publication bias and the heterogeneity were also performed.Sixteen literatures met the inclusion criteria were selected for analysis. In 285,452 adults surveyed in these studies, both short sleep duration and long sleep duration significantly increased the risk of weight gain (RR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.12-1.42; RR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.04-1.20), and short sleep duration also increased the risk of obesity (RR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.22-1.50, P0.001), but long sleep duration was not associated with obesity. In subgroup analysis, the associations were stronger in the studies with higher quality and using6 h and ≥8 h as the criteria to identify short and long sleep durations.The meta-analysis indicated that both short and long sleep durations were associated with weight gain, and short sleep duration could also increase the risk of obesity. Therefore, public health efforts in promoting sufficient sleep may be important in the prevention of obesity.

A number of prospective cohort studies have investigated the associations between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and the risk of hypertension, CHD and stroke, but revealed mixed results. In the present study, we aimed to perform a dose–response meta-analysis of these prospective studies to clarify these associations. A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Embase databases up to 5 May 2014. Random- or fixed-effects models were used to calculate the pooled relative risks (RR) with 95 % CI for the highest compared with the lowest category of SSB consumption, and to conduct a dose–response analysis. A total of six prospective studies (240 726 participants and 80 411 incident cases of hypertension) from four publications on hypertension were identified. A total of four prospective studies (194 664 participants and 7396 incident cases of CHD) from four publications on CHD were identified. A total of four prospective studies (259 176 participants and 10 011 incident cases of stroke) from four publications on stroke were identified. The summary RR for incident hypertension was 1·08 (95 % CI 1·04, 1·12) for every additional one serving/d increase in SSB consumption. The summary RR for incident CHD was 1·17 (95 % CI 1·10, 1·24) for every serving/d increase in SSB consumption. There was no significant association between SSB consumption and total stroke (summary RR 1·06, 95 % CI 0·97, 1·15) for every serving/d increase in SSB consumption. The present meta-analysis suggested that a higher consumption of SSB was associated with a higher risk of hypertension and CHD, but not with a higher risk of stroke.

To investigate the current status of smoking and passive smoking among Chinese females to provide evidence for related strategy development.Data from 32 720 women aged 45-65 years old who participated in the 2008 to 2010 Chinese Multi-center Women Breast Cancer Screening Project, were used to analyze the prevalence rates of smoking/heavy smoking, daily smoking, smoking cessation, successful smoking cessation, passive smoking, etc.A total of 913 females, accounted for 2.8% of all the women in the study, had reported the history of smoking. There were significant differences seen regarding the prevalence rates of smoking in different regions (Beijing, 2.8%; Tianjin, 5.9%; Nanchang, 1.7%; Feicheng, 0.9%; Shenyang, 1.8%). The prevalence rates of current smoking, daily smoking, and heavy smoking were 1.8%, 1.0% and 0.2%, respectively. The prevalence rates of smoking and current smoking increased with age but not the prevalence rates of daily smoking and heavy smoking. Among the smokers, the median initiation age of smoking, the median daily cigarette per day, and median year of smoking were 30 years old, 10 cigarette, and 16 years, respectively. And the prevalence rates of smoking cessation and successful smoking cessation were 19.1% and 8.2%. The prevalence rate of passive smoking was 45.7% (12 730/27 874). After combing the number of smokers and the number of passive smokers, the total exposure rate to tobacco was 41.8% (13 670/32 720).There was a relatively low level of smoking among Chinese females, so as the rate of smoking cessation. However, passive smoking presented a relatively high level among Chinese females.

In order to easily identify high-risk population of breast cancer and to determine the optimal screening modality among Chinese high-risk women, a total of 33234 asymptomatic Chinese women aged 45-65 years underwent breast ultrasound (BUS) and mammography (MAM) screening concurrently. Physicians performed these screening modalities separately and blindly. The number of risk factors of breast cancer, rather than complex risk prediction models, was used to identify potential high-risk women. Initially, a total of 13 factors (age at menarche, menopausal status, age at menopause, number of live birth, age at first pregnancy, breast feeding, duration of breast feeding, abortion, oral contraceptive, hormone replacement therapy, obesity, history of benign breast disease, and family history of breast cancer) were selected. After excluding correlated factors, factors with risk frequency ≥ 20% and factors with missing values ≥ 5%, 6 factors (age at menarche, age at menopause, age at first pregnancy, oral contraceptive, obesity, family history of breast cancer) were selected as risk-evaluating factors. High-risk women was defined as those with ≥ 1 of the abovementioned 6 factors. According to this strategy, the detection rate among high-risk women (4.34/1000) was significantly higher than their counterpart (2.23/1000, p=0.001), and the percent of high-risk women accounted for 34.9% of the whole population. . Among high-risk women, the cancer detection rate on MAM (3.2/1000) was non-significantly different from that on BUS (3.1/1000; p=0.663). Comparisons on screening accuracy showed no significant difference on sensitivities (73.9% vs. 68.8%, p=0.663), positive prediction values (14.1% vs. 18.5%, p=0.221), and negative prediction values (99.9% vs. 99.9%, p=0.574) between MAM and BUS, but significant higher specificity for BUS (98.6%) than MAM (98.0%, p=0.001). Comparisons on cancer characteristics showed no significant difference on breast carcinoma in situ (22.6% vs. 17.2%, p=0.605), lymph-node involvement (24.1% vs. 20.0%, p=0.715), and tumor size ≥ 2 cm (25.0% vs. 35.5%, p=0.350) between MAM-detected cancers and BUS-detected cancers. Subgroup analyses stratified by breast densities (four groups: 0~ 75%) or age at enrolment (four groups: ≤49, 50-54, 55-59, ≥60 years) also showed no significant difference on sensitivities between MAM and BUS across subgroups. In conclusion, high-risk screening strategy based on the number of exposure to risk factors is an easy-to-use method to identify potential high-risk women of breast cancer, and the performance of BUS is very similar to that of MAM among high-risk women. Citation Format: Yubei Huang, Fengju Song, Kexin Chen. Screening performance of ultrasonography and mammography among Chinese women at high-risk of developing breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5295. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5295

Background: Chronic exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) has been suggested to be associated with an increased risk of lung cancer, but the results were inconsistent. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to assess the association between exposure to PM and the incidence and mortality of lung cancer in adults. Methods: We searched PUBMED and EMBASE databases for prospective cohort studies that evaluated the association between PM2.5 (diameter < 2.5 μm), PM10 (diameter < 10 μm) and lung cancer incidence and mortality. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using fixed-effect or random-effects models when appropriate. Results: We initially identified 1987 citations, and 19 prospective cohort studies were finally included in our meta-analysis. The pooled adjusted RRs for lung cancer mortality were 1.09 (95% CI: 1.06–1.11; I2 = 18.3%, P = 0.26) for 10 µg/m3 increase in the concentration of PM2.5 (12 studies), and 1.05 (95% CI: 1.03–1.07; I2 = 41.9%, P = 0.11) for 10 µg/m3 increase in the concentration of PM10 (seven studies). The increased risk of lung cancer mortality associated with PM2.5 and PM10 was consistent across most subgroups. PM10 (three studies) and PM2.5 (two studies) were not found to be significantly associated with lung cancer incidence. Conclusions: Ambient PM2.5 and PM10 pollutions are prospectively associated with a significantly increased risk of lung cancer mortality. More studies addressing the association between PM and lung cancer incidence are required.

Although positive association between abortion and breast cancer was frequently reported from case–control studies, results from prospective studies were still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate this association based on prospective studies. PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge and Embase were systematically searched for prospective studies on the association between abortion and breast cancer up to April 2014, supplemented by manual searches on the references. Two reviewers independently conducted the literature search, study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment of included studies. Random effects models were used to estimate the combined relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs). Fifteen prospective studies [14 focused on induced abortion (IA), and 12 focused on spontaneous abortion (SA)] were included in the final analysis. The combined RRs (95 % CIs) of breast cancer risk were 1.00 (0.94–1.05) [1.00 (0.92–1.08) for cumulative-incidence data and 1.00 (0.94–1.05) for incidence-rate data] for IA, and 1.02 (0.95–1.09) [1.06 (0.96–1.16) for cumulative-incidence data and 1.01 (0.92–1.09) for incidence-rate data] for SA, respectively. Non-significant associations of breast cancer with IA and SA were also found among nulliparous women, women with abortion before or after the first full-term pregnancy, women with one or ≥2 abortions, and women with first abortion after 30 years old. The current prospective evidences are not sufficient to support the positive association between abortion (including IA and SA) and breast cancer risk.

To evaluate the association between induced abortion (IA) and breast cancer risk among Chinese females. We searched three English databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Wiley) and three Chinese databases (CNKI, WanFang, and VIP) for studies up to December 2012, supplemented by manual searches. Two reviewers independently conducted the literature searching, study selection, and data extraction and quality assessment of included studies. Random effects models were used to estimate the summary odds ratios (ORs) and the 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 36 articles (two cohort studies and 34 case–control studies) covering 14 provinces in China were included in this review. Compared to people without any history of IA, an increased risk of breast cancer was observed among females who had at least one IA (OR = 1.44, 95 % CI 1.29–1.59, I 2 = 82.6 %, p

Aim To evaluate the effect of statin therapy on the decrease of common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) compared to placebo or usual care. Methods A systematic search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Center Register) up to December 2011 was performed. Two reviewers independently determined the eligibility of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing statin therapy with a placebo or usual care with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Results Twenty-one RCTs involving 6317 individuals were included in this review. The pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) between statin therapy and placebo or usual care on CCA-IMT was -0.029 mm (95%CI: -0.045, -0.013). Subgroup analyses showed significant effects of lovastatin (WMD: -0.077; 95%CI: -0.082, -0.073) and simvastatin (WMD: -0.069; 95%CI: -0.094, -0.045), followed by pravastatin and rosuvastatin, but no significant benefits of atorvastatin, fluvastatin, or cerivastatin. A greater decrease in mean CCA-IMT was observed in the setting of secondary prevention versus primary prevention (WMD: -0.045 vs. -0.004), in younger patients versus older patients (WMD: -0.057 vs. -0.041), and in studies where the patient proportion was males ≥ females (-0.044 vs. -0.008). Meta-regression analysis showed a significant association between changes in mean CCA-IMT with decreasing triglyceride levels. A similar, but not statistically significant trend was also found between CCA-IMT decrease and the decrease in LDL-C levels or increase in HDL-C levels. Conclusion Statin therapy is associated with a favorable decrease in CCA-IMT, an effect that seems to be mainly driven by the CCA-IMT at baseline and the extent of lipid decrease, specifically triglycerides.

Background: With an increasing number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) being identified from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), it's important to examine whether these SNPs have values in public health. And it's also unclear how to select the targeted SNPs valuable for population-based screening from numerous GWAS-identified SNPs. Methods: Based on the fraction of the genetic risk explained by a SNP, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), integrated discrimination improvement, and net reclassification improvement were used to select targeted SNPs and to evaluate the values of genetic risk score (GRS) with targeted SNPs on risk prediction, risk reclassification, and effects of population-based screening among 2 million simulated Chinese women aged 35-69 years. Results: A total of 11 targeted SNPs from 23 GWAS-identified SNPs would be valuable for population-based screening of breast cancer among Chinese women. After incorporating GRS with targeted SNPs into traditional risk predication based on established risk factors (ERF) of breast cancer, the AUC significantly improved from 65.5% to 67.5% (P Conclusion: GRS based on targeted GWAS-identified SNPs could significantly improve the risk prediction, risk reclassification, and the effects of population-based screening. Further real-world studies are needed to validate this method and these results. Citation Format: Yubei Huang, Fengju Song, Kexin Chen. Values of single nucleotide polymorphisms identified from genome-wide association studies on risk prediction, risk reclassification, and population-based screening of breast-cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3932.

Background: Disparity of overweight/obesity distribution had been investigated in developed countries, but rarely been investigated in developing countries, especially for China with rapid socio-economic development in the past decades. Methods: A total of 1 210 762 participants were recruited from the Chinese National Breast Cancer Screening Program. Overweight and obesity were defined as body mass index (BMI) ranged 24.0-27.9 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 28.0kg/m2, respectively. Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity for Chinese rural women (35.2%, 29.2% for overweight and 6.0% for obesity) was significantly higher than that for Chinese urban women (33.4%, 27.7% for overweight and 5.7% for obesity) (P Conclusions: There was an obvious urban-rural disparity of overweight/obesity distribution among Chinese females, which could also lead to an obvious disparity of breast cancer distribution. Citation Format: Ying Gao, Yubei Huang, Hongji Dai, Peishan Wang, Haixin Li, Fengju Song, Hong Zheng, Henglei Dong, Jiali Han, Yaogang Wang, Kexin Chen. Urban-rural disparity of overweight/obesity distribution and its potential association with breast cancer among Chinese females. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4045.

Background: Massive evidence supports that increase of lipids bring more risk of atherosclerosis. However, it is not clear if lipids measured a long time ago bear more risk than the current measurement. Hypothesis: Lipids measured currently is more associated with carotid atherosclerosis than lipids measured long time ago. Methods: A cohort of 1195 participants age 35 to 64 years was examined in both 1993–1994 and 2002 for serum lipids, and in 2002 for carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) with B mode ultrasound. The associations of lipids at baseline and at reexamination with CIMT were analyzed and compared using multiple linear regressions. Results: All lipid variables, except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) both at baseline and reexamination, were significantly associated with age-adjusted CIMT in both males and females (all Ptrend

Findings from the previous studies have suggested a relationship between ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP-1) or plasma cell membrane glycoprotein 1 (PC-1) gene single nucleotide polymorphism (K121Q, rs1044498) and genetic susceptibility to obesity. However, such relationship is not reproduced by some currently available studies. In this context, the present study is aimed to quantitatively analyze the association of K121Q variant with obesity in all published case-control studies in European adult populations.Published literature from PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI web of science databases were retrieved. The studies evaluating the association of ENPP1/PC1 gene K121Q polymorphism with obesity were included, in which sufficient data were presented to calculate the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Ten case-control studies meeting the inclusion criteria identified a total of 24,324 subjects including 11,372 obese and 12,952 control subjects. The meta-analysis results showed a statistically significant association of K121Q with obesity [OR (95%CI): 1.25 (1.04-1.52) P=0.021] under a recessive model of inheritance (QQ vs. KK+KQ) without heterogeneity or publication bias.The results from the present study have indicated that ENPP1/PC1 Q121 variant may increase the risk of obesity and that more well-designed studies based on a larger population will be required to further evaluate the role of ENPP1/PC1 gene K121Q polymorphism in obesity and other related metabolic syndromes.

TO THE EDITOR: We read with great interest the article by Liu et al. titled “MetaAnalysis Added Power to Identify Variants in FTO Associated With Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and Obesity in the Asian Population” (1) on the associations of FTO variants (rs9939609 and rs8050136) with obesity and T2D in a Chinese population and the meta-analysis of these associations in Asian populations. The study showed significant association of FTO variants with obesity and T2D in their independent study and in their meta-analysis. This is a very important investigation because there were conflicting results with regard to these associations in Asian populations. We would like to draw attention to three aspects of the article.