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Objective: To investigate the diagnostic role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted biopsy (TB) for prostate cancer (PCa) in biopsy-naïve men. Materials and Methods: Own control studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to December 2018 were identified via a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Ovid, and the Cochrane Library. We pooled relative sensitivity (or risk ratio [RR]) to compare diagnostic efficiency for PCa and clinically significant PCa (csPCa) between TB and systematic biopsy (SB). The independent role of either biopsy pathway was evaluated for participants with positive/negative MRI. Results: Thirty-one studies consisting of 25 own control studies and 6 RCTs were included. We identified 4,020 biopsy-naïve men with positive MRI who underwent two biopsies concurrently, with PCa/csPCa detection rates of 65.90 and 45.13%, respectively. TB and SB did not differ in the detection of any PCa (RR 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92–1.05). However, TB detected more csPCa (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.10–1.30) and more PCa with a Gleason score ≥3+4 (RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.07–1.34). Using a combined test as a reference, omitting SB resulted in detecting 12.81% less csPCa and 20.76% less clinically insignificant PCa (cinsPCa), and omitting TB resulted in detecting 25.69% less csPCa and 10.8% more cinsPCa. For patients with negative MRI, omitting SB led to underdetection of 30.29% of any PCa (10.9% of csPCa). Conclusions: Combining TB and SB increased the diagnostic accuracy of csPCa for biopsy-naïve men with positive MRI, and omitting SB for patients with a negative MRI would lead to the underdetection of nearly 10% of csPCa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Testicular cancer (TC) is currently the most common malignancy in young and middle-aged men. A comprehensive assessment of TC burden is in lack., Method: Global incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of TC from 1990 to 2019 were obtained. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to quantify trends in TC changes during the period. Relationships between disease burden and age, socio-demographic index (SDI) levels, human development index (HDI) were further analyzed., Results: Globally, incident cases of TC more than doubled from 1990 to 2019, together with an increasing of global age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) of TC from 1.9 to 2.8. The age-standardized deaths rates (ASDR) remained stable from 0.31 to 0.28. The similar results were reflected in the DALYs. In 2019, the highest ASIR were found in Southern Latin America, Central Europe and Western Europe. Analogously, the highest ASDR were found in Southern Latin America followed by Central Latin America and Central Europe. The burden of incidence increased with SDI, appropriately reached a peak at about 0.78, and then declined. Similarly, the burden of deaths increased with SDI, met a maximum at about 0.7., Conclusions: From 1990 to 2019, the ASIR of TC has increased significantly, while the ASDR has been relatively stable and slightly decreased. The disease burden of TC is shifting to regions and countries with moderate to high levels of development. TC remains a rapidly growing global health problem, and new changes in TC burden should be considered when formulating new TC control policies., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Herein, SnO 2 QDs (<10 nm) with small size instead of conventional nanoparticles was employed to modify ZnFe 2 O 4 to synthesize porous and heterogeneous SnO 2 /ZnFe 2 O 4 (ZFSQ) composites for gas sensing. By an immersion process combined with calcination treatment, the resultant porous ZFSQ composites with different contents of SnO 2 QDs were obtained, and their sensing properties were investigated. Compared with bare ZnFe 2 O 4 and SnO 2 QDs, porous ZFSQ composites based-sensors showed much improved sensor response to acetone. For contrast, the sensor performance of ZFSQ composites was also compared with that of ZnFe 2 O 4 sphere modified by SnO 2 nanoparticles with different size. The porous ZFSQ composite with 5 wt% SnO 2 QDs (ZFSQ-5) showed a better acetone sensing response than that of other ZFSQ composites, and it exhibited a high response value of 110-100 ppm of acetone and a low detection limit of 0.3 ppm at 240 °C. In addition to the rich heterojunctions and porous structure, the size effect of SnO 2 QDs was other indispensable reasons for the improved sensor performance. Finally, the ZFSQ-5 composite sensor was attempted to be applied for acetone sensing in exhaled breath, suggesting its great potential in monitoring acetone., (© 2024 IOP Publishing Ltd.)