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Xylan is the major plant hemicellulosic polysaccharide in the secondary cell wall. The transcription factor KNOTTED-LIKE HOMEOBOX OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 7 (KNAT7) regulates secondary cell wall biosynthesis, but its exact role in regulating xylan biosynthesis remains unclear. Using transactivation analyses, we demonstrate that KNAT7 activates the promoters of the xylan biosynthetic genes, IRREGULAR XYLEM 9 (IRX9), IRX10, IRREGULAR XYLEM 14-LIKE (IRX14L), and FRAGILE FIBER 8 (FRA8). The knat7 T-DNA insertion mutants have thinner vessel element walls and xylary fibers, and thicker interfascicular fiber walls in inflorescence stems, relative to wild-type (WT). KNAT7 overexpression plants exhibited opposite effects. Glycosyl linkage and sugar composition analyses revealed lower xylan levels in knat7 inflorescence stems, relative to WT; a finding supported by labeling of inflorescence walls with xylan-specific antibodies. The knat7 loss-of-function mutants had lower transcript levels of the xylan biosynthetic genes IRX9, IRX10, and FRA8, whereas KNAT7 overexpression plants had higher mRNA levels for IRX9, IRX10, IRX14L, and FRA8. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that KNAT7 binds to the IRX9 promoter. These results support the hypothesis that KNAT7 positively regulates xylan biosynthesis.

Ischemic stroke remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, thereby highlighting the urgent necessary to identify new therapeutic targets. Deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH) is a fundamental enzyme catalyzing a unique posttranslational hypusination modification of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) and is highly involved in the progression of several human diseases, including HIV-1 infection, cancer, malaria, and diabetes. However, the potential therapeutic role of pharmacological regulation of DOHH in ischemic stroke is still poorly understood. Our study first discovered a natural small-molecule brazilin (BZ) with an obvious neuroprotective effect against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion insult. Then, DOHH was identified as a crucial cellular target of BZ using HuProt™ human proteome microarray. By selectively binding to the Cys232 residue, BZ induced a previously undisclosed allosteric effect to significantly increase DOHH catalytic activity. Furthermore, BZ-mediated DOHH activation amplified mitophagy for mitochondrial function and morphology maintenance via DOHH/eIF5A hypusination signaling pathway, thereby protecting against ischemic neuronal injury in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our study first identified DOHH as a previously unreported therapeutic target for ischemic stroke, and provided a future drug design direction for DOHH allosteric activators using BZ as a novel molecular template.

Two couples of pinene-containing N^C*N and C*N^N-coordinated Pt(II) complexes featuring a fused five-six-membered metallacycle have been developed, and their structures were confirmed by NMR, MS and single crystal X-ray crystallography. Cyclometalated complex (−)-2 has two polymorphs involving yellow-orange form (−)-2·CH3COCH3 and orange form (−)-2·CH3SOCH3, revealing different conformations and intermolecular π−π interactions. Complexes (−)-1 and (−)-2 display prominent aggregation-induced emission (AIE) in THF-water solution system with emission quantum yield (Φem) strengthening from 0.2% to 37%. Despite the structural similarity of complexes (−)-1 and (−)-2, different mechanochromic luminescent phenomena have been distinguished. No detectable change in color and luminescence of yellow solids (−)-1 can be found during the grinding process, whereas yellow solids of complex (−)-2 show a reversible mechanochormic luminescent behavior and a simultaneous crystal-to-amorphous transformation. It is speculated that dimeric structures containing weak π−π interactions are formed under the mechanical force, and simultaneously the molecular conformation becomes more planar, improving the conjugation, inducing the emissive state variance with more 3MLCT/3ILCT character. Moreover, anti-counterfeiting application based on complex (−)-2 has been explored. This research provides a new design strategy for exploring AIE-active Pt(II) complexes with high-contrast mechanochromic luminescence.

Although xyloglucan (XyG) is reported to bind Aluminium (Al), the influence of XyG fucosylation on the cell wall Al binding capacity and plant Al stress responses is unclear. We show that Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutants with reduced AXY3 (XYLOSIDASE1) function and consequent reduced levels of fucosylated XyG are more sensitive to Al than wild-type Col-0 (WT). In contrast, T-DNA insertion mutants with reduced AXY8 (FUC95A) function and consequent increased levels of fucosylated XyG are more Al resistant. AXY3 transcript levels are strongly down regulated in response to 30 min Al treatment, whilst AXY8 transcript levels also repressed until 6 h following treatment onset. Mutants lacking AXY3 or AXY8 function exhibit opposing effects on Al contents of root cell wall and cell wall hemicellulose components. However, there was no difference in the amount of Al retained in the pectin components between mutants and WT. Finally, whilst the total sugar content of the hemicellulose fraction did not change, the altered hemicellulose Al content of the mutants is shown to be a likely consequence of their different XyG fucosylation levels. We conclude that variation in XyG fucosylation levels influences the Al sensitivity of Arabidopsis by affecting the Al-binding capacity of hemicellulose.

The project was launched to analyze the effects of sulfur-fumigated Ophiopogonis Radix on endogenous metabolites in rats by metabonomics. The preparation method of sulfur-fumigated Ophiopogonis Radix in laboratory was established. Then the blood samples of SD rats in blank group,Ophiopogonis Radix extract group and sulfur-fumigated Ophiopogonis Radix extract group were investigated by UHPLC-Q-Exactive. The differential metabolites were screened and identified by PCA(principal component analysis),OPLSDA(orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis) and variable importance projection(VIP),and the metabolic pathways were analyzed. Finally,a total of 15 potential biomarkers were identified. Compared with the samples of Ophiopogonis Radix extract group,sulfur-fumigated Ophiopogonis Radix mainly affected the biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids in normal rats. Its mechanism may be related to the biosynthesis of phenylalanine,tyrosine,tryptophan and aminoacyl-tRNA as well as the metabolism of phenylalanine and tryptophan. Based on UHPLC-HRMS metabonomics,this paper discussed the effects of sulfur-fumigated Ophiopogonis Radix on endogenous metabolites in rats,which provided an idea for the metabolic study of other sulfur-fumigated traditional Chinese medicines.

This cohort study examines the association of comutation of tumor protein p53 (TP53) and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) genes with response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment and overall survival among patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)., Key Points Question What are the prevalence and association of tumor protein p53 (TP53) and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) comutation with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)? Findings In this multiple-cohort study, TP53 and ATM comutation sites were scattered throughout the genes analyzed. Comutation in TP53 and ATM was associated with a higher tumor mutation burden and better overall survival compared with sole mutations and no mutation. Meaning Patients with TP53 and ATM comutation compose a subgroup of patients with NSCLC associated with an increased tumor mutation burden and better response to immune checkpoint inhibitors; TP53 and ATM may be a clinically relevant biomarker in guiding immunotherapy treatment of NSCLC., Importance Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can elicit durable antitumor responses in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but only 20% to 25% of patients respond to treatment. As important genes in the DNA damage response pathway, comutation in the tumor protein p53 (TP53) and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) genes may be associated with genomic instability and hypermutation. However, the prevalence of TP53 and ATM comutation and its association with response to ICIs are not fully understood. Objective To examine the prevalence of the TP53 and ATM comutation, the potential mechanism, and its association with response to ICIs among patients with NSCLC. Design, Setting, and Participants This multiple-cohort study included patients with NSCLC from the Geneplus Institute, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) databases and from the POPLAR and OAK randomized controlled trials. Samples in the Geneplus cohort were collected and analyzed from April 30, 2015, through February 28, 2019. Data from TCGA, the MSKCC, and the POPLAR and OAK cohorts were obtained on January 1, 2019, and analyzed from January 1 to April 10, 2019. Next-generation sequencing assays were performed on tumor samples by the Geneplus Institute. Genomic, transcriptomic, and clinical data were obtained from TCGA and MSKCC databases. Exposures Comprehensive genetic profiling was performed to determine the prevalence of TP53 and ATM comutation and its association with prognosis and response to ICIs. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were TP53 and ATM comutation frequency, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival, gene set enrichment analysis, and immune profile in NSCLC. Results Patients with NSCLC analyzed in this study included 2020 patients in the Geneplus cohort (mean [SD] age, 59.5 [10.5] years; 1168 [57.8%] men), 1031 patients in TCGA cohort (mean [SD] age, 66.2 [9.5] years; 579 [56.2%] men), 1527 patients in the MSKCC cohort (662 [43.4%] men), 350 patients in the MSKCC cohort who were treated with ICIs (mean [SD] age, 61.4 [13.8] years; 170 [48.6%] men), and 853 patients in the POPLAR and OAK cohort (mean [SD] age, 63.0 [9.1] years; 527 [61.8%] men). Sites of TP53 and ATM comutation were found scattered throughout the genes, and no significant difference was observed in the frequency of TP53 and ATM comutation within the histologic subtypes and driver genes. In 5 independent cohorts of patients with NSCLC, TP53 and ATM comutation was associated with a significantly higher tumor mutation burden compared with the sole mutation and with no mutation (TCGA, MSKCC, Geneplus, and POPLAR and OAK cohort). Among patients treated with ICIs in the MSKCC cohort, TP53 and ATM comutation was associated with better OS than a single mutation and no mutation among patients with any cancer (median OS: TP53 and ATM comutation, not reached; TP53 mutation alone, 14.0 months; ATM mutation alone, 40.0 months; no mutation, 22.0 months; P = .001; NSCLC median OS: TP53 and ATM comutation, not reached; TP53 mutation alone, 11.0 months; ATM mutation alone, 16.0 months; no mutation, 14.0 months; P = .24). Similar results were found in the POPLAR and OAK cohort in which the disease control benefit rate, progression-free survival, and OS were all greater in patients with the TP53 and ATM comutation compared with the other 3 groups (median progression-free survival: TP53 and ATM comutation, 10.4 months; TP53 mutation, 1.6 months; ATM mutation, 3.5 months; no mutation, 2.8 months; P = .01; median OS: TP53 and ATM comutation, 22.1 months; TP53 mutation, 8.3 months; ATM mutation, 15.8 months; no mutation, 15.3 months; P = .002). Conclusions and Relevance This study’s findings suggest that the TP53 and ATM comutation occurs in a subgroup of patients with NSCLC and is associated with an increased tumor mutation burden and response to ICIs. This suggests that TP53 and ATM comutation may have implications as a biomarker for guiding ICI treatment.

Torsional vibrations are unavoidable in beam-type structures in various engineering practices, and the advent of metamaterials provides a solution through the generation of bandgaps. However, unlike their flexural counterparts, tunable torsional bandgaps are seldomly studied due to two major difficulties: the existing metamaterial's units are less torsional-sensitive and the reliable torsional sensing techniques for validations are less available. In this work, switchable torsional bandgaps are realized in a metamaterial beam with a bistable resonator design based on Kresling origami with attached eccentric balls. We find that, through compression–torsion interaction of the proposed origami resonators and the corresponding wave-coupling phenomenon, torsional bandgaps can be generated and efficiently tuned, which leads to lower and wider vibration isolation frequency zones. Thanks to bistability, Kresling resonators arranged with eccentric balls can achieve bandgap switching. Specifically, based on the compression–torsion interaction of the bistable Kresling origami, wave coupling will be weakened/enhanced when the Kresling resonators arranged with eccentric balls turn from the 1st/2nd state to the 2nd/1st state, and, thus, the switching of torsional bandgaps can be realized. In order to experimentally validate the tunable torsional bandgaps, a high-sensitive fiber Bragg grating (FBG) displacement sensing system containing two parallel FBG sensors is set up to extract the torsional responses. This research will be helpful for future studies focusing on regulating torsional waves through compression–torsion interaction and mode conversion utilizing wave coupling.

In this paper, we present two definitions of the orthogonality and orthogonal rate of an encryption operator, and we provide a verification process for the former. Then, four improved ternary quantum encryption schemes are constructed. Compared with Scheme 1 (see Section 2.3), these four schemes demonstrate significant improvements in term of calculation and execution efficiency. Especially, under the premise of the orthogonal rate e as secure parameter, Scheme 3 (see Section 4.1) shows the highest level of security among them. Through custom interpolation functions, the ternary secret key source, which is composed of the digits 0, 1 and 2, is constructed. Finally, we discuss the security of both the ternary encryption operator and the secret key source, and both of them show a high level of security and high performance in execution efficiency.

In all-solid-state lithium batteries, the impedance at the cathode/electrolyte interface shows close relationship with the cycle performance. Cathode coatings are helpful to reduce the impedance and increase the stability at the interface effectively. LiTi2(PO4)3 (LTP), a fast ion conductor with high ionic conductivity approaching 10−3 S⋅cm−1, is adopted as the coating materials in this study. The crystal and electronic structures, as well as the Li+ ion migration properties are evaluated for LTP and its doped derivatives based on density functional theory (DFT) and bond valence (BV) method. Substituting part of Ti sites with element Mn, Fe, or Mg in LTP can improve the electronic conductivity of LTP while does not decrease its high ionic conductivity. In this way, the coating materials with both high ionic conductivities and electronic conductivities can be prepared for all-solid-state lithium batteries to improve the ion and electron transport properties at the interface.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a crucial member of the neurotrophic family, is most widely distributed and extensively studied in the mammalian central nervous system. Accumulating evidence from animal and human studies indicates that BDNF plays critical roles in regulating neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and plasticity, and neurological diseases. In this review, we summarize the synthesis and general signaling pathway of BDNF and review its pivotal roles in neurogenesis and the maintenance of axon and dendrites, synaptic transmission and plasticity, which are thought to be the cellular basis for learning and memory, and certain neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. Future studies should focus on understanding the multifunctional roles of BDNF in different brain regions and tightly controlled clinical studies.

Background Extrahepatic metastasis is the independent risk factor of poor survival of primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC), and most occurs in the chest and abdomen. Currently, there is still no available method to predict thoracoabdominal extrahepatic metastasis in PHC. In this study, a novel nomogram model was developed and validated for prediction of thoracoabdominal extrahepatic metastasis in PHC, thereby conducted individualized risk management for pretreatment different risk population. Methods The nomogram model was developed in a primary study that consisted of 330 consecutive pretreatment patients with PHC. Large-scale datasets were extracted from clinical practice. The nomogram was based on the predictors optimized by data dimension reduction through Lasso regression. The prediction performance was measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC), and calibrated to decrease the overfit bias. Individualized risk management was conducted by weighing the net benefit of different risk population via decision curve analysis. The prediction performance was internally and independently validated, respectively. An independent-validation study using a separate set of 107 consecutive patients. Results Four predictors from 55 high-dimensional clinical datasets, including size, portal vein tumor thrombus, infection, and carbohydrate antigen 125, were incorporated to develop a nomogram model. The nomogram demonstrated valuable prediction performance with AUROC of 0.830 (0.803 in internal-validation, and 0.773 in independent-validation, respectively), and fine calibration. Individual risk probability was visually scored. Weighing the net benefit, threshold probability was classified for three-independent risk population, which was 71.8%, respectively. According to this classification, pretreatment risk management was based on a treatment-flowchart for individualized clinical decision-making. Conclusions The proposed nomogram is a useful tool for pretreatment risk management of thoracoabdominal extrahepatic metastasis in PHC for the first time, and may handily facilitate timely individualized clinical decision-making for different risk population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-019-1861-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Oxya is a genus of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) attacking rice and other gramineous plants in Africa and Asia. In the present study, we characterized complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of three species, Oxya japonica japonica (15,427 bp), Oxya hainanensis (15,443 bp) and Oxya agavisa robusta (15,552 bp) collected from China. The three mitogenomes contained a typical gene set of metazoan mitogenomes and shared the same gene order with other Acridid grasshoppers, including the rearrangement of tRNAAsp and tRNALys. Analyses of pairwise genetic distances showed that ATP8 was the least conserved gene, while COI the most conserved. To determine the position of Oxya grasshoppers in the phylogeny of Acrididae, we reconstructed phylogenetic trees among 64 species from across 11 subfamilies using nucleotide sequences of mitogenomes. While the tree confirms traditional classifications of Acrididae at major higher-levels, it suggests a few modifications for classifications at lower-levels.

In the three-dimensional flash memory manufacturing technology, the etching process of high aspect ratio multi-level contact holes structure was studied. Using capacitive coupled plasma (CCP) etching equipment, the effects of C 4 F 6/ /C 4 F 8 /O 2 /Ar mixed gas atmosphere on the deep holes’ total profile were investigated to optimize bowing profile of the hole. Furthermore, multi-level stop layer loss was optimized by adjusting over etching time and lithography exposure critical dimension (CD), which proved good compatibility with existing process. Results show that adding proper amount of C 4 F 8 into C 4 F 6 gas atmosphere can achieve better verticality and less stop layer loss. Enlarging middle layer exposure CD can reduce specific stop layer loss independently while reducing over etching time can reduce all stop layer loss together. Under the optimized process parameters, the multi-level contact holes with aspect ratio range from 2.5/1 to 30/1 on staircase can be achieved at one etching time, and each stop layer loss is less than 50%.

Currently, accompanied by rapid development of Chinese agricultural featured clusters, the cooperative innovation of clusters is increasing rapidly, but there also existed problems under low-carbon circumstances which prohibited the transform and upgrade for clusters. On the basis of analyzing current innovation situation of agricultural featured clusters, from the view of systematic, this thesis analyzed dynamic factors for innovation system of agricultural featured clusters, then, by introducing the triple-helix model of industrial innovation, the thesis constructed innovative system for clusters based on triple helix model. Based on these exploration, this thesis further researched the systems’ actual operation from perspective of systematic dynamics research, thus probed how to strengthen the collaborative innovation of university-cluster-government, so as to accelerate the continuous innovation and development of agricultural featured clusters under the low-carbon background.

Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-MSn ) method was used to analyze the constituents of Fufang Gancao Tablets and its main metabolites in rat plasma. Rat plasma was collected both before and after oral administration of Fufang Gancao Tablets. After solid phase extraction, ACQUITY UHPLC BEH C₁₈ (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) was used with 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile solution as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The chemical components in Fufang Gancao Tablets and their prototypes and metabolites in plasma samples were analyzed by LTQ-Orbitrap equipped with an ESI ion source in a positive ion mode. Based on the accurate mass measurements, the retention time and mass fragmentation patterns, a total of 55 compounds were tentatively identified from Fufang Gancao Tablets, including 42 flavonoids, 9 triterpenes and 4 alkaloids. Furthermore, metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of Fufang Gancao Tablets were also analyzed. A total of 26 compounds were identified, including 20 prototypes and 6 metabolites mainly through metabolic pathways of hydroxylation, glucuronide conjugation, and sulfate conjugation, etc. Our results showed that the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap quadrupole Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap) could comprehensively elucidate the chemical constituents of Fufang Gancao Tablets and their migrating components in rat plasma, providing scientific basis for further studying the metabolism process and pharmacodynamic substance of Fufang Gancao Tablets.

To identify the metabolites of Danshensu in plasma and urine in rats by using UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap method. After oral gavage of Danshensu CMC-Na suspension in SD rats, urine and plasma samples were collected and processed by solid phase extraction. ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈ column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) was utilized, with 0.1% formic acid (A)-acetonitrile (B) solution as the mobile phase for gradient elution. Negative electrospray ion mode based data-acquisition method was established to collect the mass spectrometry data of biological samples. As a result, Danshensu and 21 Danshensu Ⅰ phase and Ⅱ phase metabolites were finally identified according to the accurate mass measurements, mass fragmentation behaviors and comparing with the reference standards. The main metabolic pathways included dehydration, methylation, glucuronide conjugation, sulfate conjugation and their composite reactions. Consequently, our study expounded metabolites of Danshensu in rats based on UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap method and provided a reference for further researches on therapeutic material basis and mechanism of Danshensu.

Objective: To explore the expression of cyclophilin A (CypA) in esophageal tissues and its clinical significance. Method: Expression of CypA was detected in 236 esophageal cancer tissues and 236 normal tissues by using an immunohistochemical method, and the relationship between CypA expression and clinical outcomes was observed. Results: There were 166 patients with high expression of CypA (70.23%) and a higher expression in 69.3% of males and 73.3% in females. The CypA expression was irrelevant to age, tumor location, lymph node metastasis, and tumor differentiation degree. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis showed that the expression of CypA was associated with the prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: The poor prognosis of esophageal cancer patients was associated with high expression of CypA.

Xylan is the major plant hemicellulosic polysaccharide in the secondary cell wall. The transcription factor KNOTTED-LIKE HOMEOBOX OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 7 (KNAT7) regulates secondary cell wall biosynthesis, but its exact role in regulating xylan biosynthesis remains unclear. Using transactivation analyses, we demonstrate that KNAT7 activates the promoters of the xylan biosynthetic genes, IRREGULAR XYLEM 9 (IRX9), IRX10, IRREGULAR XYLEM 14-LIKE (IRX14L), and FRAGILE FIBER 8 (FRA8). The knat7 T-DNA insertion mutants have thinner vessel element walls and xylary fibers, and thicker interfascicular fiber walls in inflorescence stems, relative to wild-type (WT). KNAT7 overexpression plants exhibited opposite effects. Glycosyl linkage and sugar composition analyses revealed lower xylan levels in knat7 inflorescence stems, relative to WT; a finding supported by labeling of inflorescence walls with xylan-specific antibodies. The knat7 loss-of-function mutants had lower transcript levels of the xylan biosynthetic genes IRX9, IRX10, and FRA8, whereas KNAT7 overexpression plants had higher mRNA levels for IRX9, IRX10, IRX14L, and FRA8. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that KNAT7 binds to the IRX9 promoter. These results support the hypothesis that KNAT7 positively regulates xylan biosynthesis.

Nowadays internationalization has been thought of as an important tendency in engineering education. The teaching practice for a certain course, therefore, should also adapt to the needs for talents development within such a background. Recently, following the education internationalization concept, the authors performed a systematic teaching reform on a course for postgraduates majoring in chemical engineering, including update and improvement on syllabus, contents, teaching methods as well as outcome assessment. In this paper we presented our thoughts and specific practice, in hope of being beneficial to other higher education practioners.

Magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) precipitation has been studied by using magnesium hydroxide and sodium dihydrogen phosphate as precipitators for treating simulation wastewater in which the concentration of ammonia nitrogen is 10.00g/L. The effect of reaction time, pH and precipitator ratio on ammonium nitrogen removal rate has been investigated. The obtained optimum treatment conditions of MAP precipitation for treating ammonia nitrogen wastewater are as follows: reaction time is 4 hours, pH is 8.0, the molar ratio of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonia nitrogen in wastewater, i.e. n (P):n (N), is 1.2, the molar ratio of magnesium hydroxide and sodium dihydrogen phosphate, i.e. n (Mg):n (P), is 1.4. Under these conditions, the ammonium nitrogen removal rate, by using MAP precipitation for treating simulation ammonia nitrogen wastewater, is 90.71%.

The stress distribution properties in a single lap-jointed cantilevered adhesive beam have been investigated using three dimensional finite element methods. Finite element solutions of the stress distributions in the adhesive layer have been obtained for three typical boundary conditions. It was found that the stress concentrations are confined to a very small region near the free ends of interfaces between the adherend and the adhesive layer while the centre region of the adhesive layer is mostly stress-free. This suggests that the first failure may be expected at the free ends of interfaces between the adherend and the adhesive layer. This also implies that the adhesive material near the free ends of the adhesive layer is mainly bearing the load being transferred through the adhesive joint. The analysis results show that by choosing suitable boundary condition, the bending effect can be reduced and the strength, fatigue life and reliability of the bond can be improved.

We report mechanistic studies of C H activitation/amidation reactions using azides as the amino source catalyzed by [RuCl2(p-cymene)](2). We have achieved two intermediates in the catalytic cycle (C5H4NC6H4)Ru(p-cymene)Cl and (C5H4NC6H4)NArRu(p-cymene)Cl (Ar = NO2C6H4SO2). Furthermore, the process from (C5H4NC6H4)Ru(p-cymene)Cl to (C5H4NC6H4)NArRu(p-cymene)Cl was monitored by F-19 NMR and a ruthenium imido species was proposed to explain the formation of the azacyclopropane analogue.

A new and efficient Pd(II) -catalyzed intermolecular annulation of N-benzoylsulfonamide with allenes for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-ones is reported. This CH functionalization is compatible with ambient air and moisture, and it can be applied to terminal or internal allenes with different synthetically attractive functional groups. Control experiments and a kinetic isotope effect study are conducted and a plausible mechanism is proposed.

Depending on available theory and literature about chitosan (CS), the paper studied the method of preparation of CS block in fluffy meshwork shape with fine hair shape and analysis its structure to adapt to application for drug controlled-release material. Primarily, CS was extruded to fine fair fiber by spinning after preparing CS solution. CS Block with reticulate structure design were carried out in this experiment. This research will be showed how to choose appropriate molding process, through selecting CS solution concentration and extruding spinning to prepare pure CS fluffy network with fine hair. The CS reticulate body obtained showed good degradation characteristics in simulated body fluid (SBF). The change of morphology to describe its biological characteristics is not only related to material composition but also to the structure of the fluffy network which is mainly controlled by the molding process. Also, the microstructure, morphology and crystallinity of the net CS hydrogels were characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. This research should provide the theory basis and technical way to design and fabricate for CS as the carrier of the drug release.

In order to promote the comprehensive utilization of salt lake brine resources, magnesium carbonate tri-hydrate (MgCO3·3H2O) was synthetized by low-temperature hydrothermal technique using purified MgCl2-rich brine and ammonium hydrogen carbonate solution as raw materials, the orthogonal experimental as method. The morphology could be tuned by changing the operating parameters. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the structures and morphologies of the products. The results show that the optimum conditions are as follows : reaction temperature is 40-50°C, n (Mg2+):n (HCO3-)=1:2.2, pH value is 8.8-9.0, stirring speed is 130 r/min, aging time is 3h, reaction time is 70 min. Magnesium carbonate tri-hydrate synthetized is one-dimensional acicular with good settling performance. Average aspect ratio could up to 29.60.

Adhesively bonding is becoming a widespread candidate technique for joining light-weight structural components. This paper investigates normal stress distribution in a single-lap adhesive joint using finite element method. Five layers of solid elements were used across the adhesive for obtaining an accurate indication of the variation of normal stress. All the numerical results obtained from the finite element analysis show that the spatial distribution of normal stress are similar for different interfaces. It can also be seen from the results that the left hand region is subjected to very high stress.

This paper studied the performance of self-piercing riveting (SPR) and adhesive hybrid joints of different adhesive, including strength, capacity of energy absorption, failure mode and failure mechanism of the hybrid joints. The performances of SPR-adhesive hybrid joints were compared with SPR joints. SPR-adhesive hybrid joints and SPR joints were tested under a tension loading. The test results showed that adhesive have a function of improving the strength of SPR joints; however, the capacity of energy absorption of SPR joints was weakened. While the adhesive have no effect on the failure modes of SPR joints. When appropriate adhesive was selected, the overall performance of SPR-adhesive hybrid joints was superior to SPR joints. In a word, the combination of SPR and adhesive could get a well jointing structure.

The aim of this work is to investigate the shear stress distributions across the adhesive layer thickness in single-lap adhesively bonded joint. The shear stress distributions of a single-lap adhesively bonded joint have been investigated using the three-dimensional linear static and non-linear quasi-static finite element method. The analysis results indicate that there are significant differences between the linear static and non-linear quasi-static analyses. The results also show that the maximum value of the shear stress component S13occurs at the centre line while the maximum of the shear stress components S12and S23occur near or at the left-rear corner of the adhesive layer.

Objective To compare the method and result of thoracoscope-assisted lobectomy, thoracoscopic lobectomy and single-port laparoscopic lobectomy, and provide a reference for choice of surgical method. Methods Clinic data of 374 patients undergone thoracoscopic lobectomy from May 2007 to May 2012 in General Hospital of PLA were retrospectively analyzed. Results Three hundred and seventy-four patients were classified into 3 groups according to different surgical method. Group A included 40 patients who underwent video-assisted lobectomy, group B consisted of 280 patients who received thoracoscopic lobectomy, and group C consisted of 54 patients who underwent single-port laparoscopic lobectomy. The general data were similar among the 3 groups. The operative time was longer in group A (180.4±43.5min) than in groups B and C (153.2±28.6, 162.5±32.3min, P

LaNi5 alloy is one of the promising materials for hydrogen storage. It has good activation property, fast reaction rate and moderate plateau pressure. However, some of its hydrogen storage properties will change after repeated hydriding/dehydriding cycles, which limits its practical application. Therefore, this paper investigated the cycling properties of LaNi5 alloy by volumetric method. The results showed that the reaction rate increased with cycling. The hydriding/dehydriding hydrogen content decreased with cycling. For hydriding reaction, the equilibrium pressure increased with cycling, while it decreased for dehydriding at 40°C and 60°C. After 100 cycles, the LaNi5 alloy has been severely pulverized and oxygenated. The oxidation products include LaNiO2, La2NiO4, La2NiO4.18 and LaNiO3. The JMA model was found to fit the kinetic data well, suggesting a nucleation and growth controlling mechanism. The intrinsic reaction rate constant ka increases from 21.87 s-1to 24.81 s-1, while the activation energy decreases from the initial value of 19459 to 19373 J/mol after 100 cycles.

Objective To explore the method and essential procedure for lymph node eradication during video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy in patients with lung cancer. Methods Two hundred and sixty-four patients with lung cancer underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy and lymph node eradication from April 2007 to April 2012 in General Hospital of PLA. In 144 cases of right lung cancer, the eradicated lymph nodes included groups 2, 3, 4R, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11. In 120 cases of left lung cancer, the eradicated lymph nodes included groups 5 to 11. The mediastinal lymph nodes were removed en bloc according to the anatomic distribution. The clinical data and pathological results of all patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results The operation was successfully completed in all the patients, the operation time was 162.4±35.8 minutes, and the blood loss was 129.3±46.3ml. Three patients suffered from postoperative chylothorax, and they recovered after conservative treatment. Two patients suffered from the complication of hoarse voice, and one of them recovered 2 months later, and another did not recover. 8.7±1.2 and 10.6±1.4 lymph nodes of N1 and N2 were removed in patients with right lung cancer, and 8.2±1.4 and 9.2±1.3 in patients with left lung cancer. According to anatomic distribution, the number of removed lymph nodes from right superior mediastinum (including groups 2, 3 and 4R) was 4.2±0.9, that of left superior mediastinum (including groups 5 and 6) was 2.8±1.0, that of inferior mediastinum (including groups 8 and 9) was 2.1±0.7, and that of group 7 was 3.3±1.8. Metastasis of N1 lymph nodes was found in 64 patients (24%) and that of N2 in 21 patients (8%), and in 3 of them only lymph nodes of N2 were found to have metastasis but none in N1 lymph nodes. Conclusion In video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy, lymph node eradication could be accomplished in patients with lung cancer. En bloc lymph node eradication according to anatomic distribution was safe and reliable.

The purpose of this study is to propose the analytical model for clinched joint, which can be used to predict the joint strength based on the neck-thickness and undercut of clinched joint. The analytical model has been defined as a function of neck-thickness and undercut based on the neck fracture mode which is the most reasonable and common failure mode for clinched joints. Clinching joining experiment with different joint geometric variables with RIVCLINCH 1106 P50 and tensile-shear test with MTS landmark were conducted. The comparison of the clinched joint strength between experiment and analytical model shows good similarity within 7.2% error. The analytical model proposed for clinched joint strength is valid to calculate the clinched joint strength.

The research status of crystallization process and crystallizer of gypsum is introduced in this paper. Progress in 3D mathematical simulation of crystallizer based on Fluent is summarized, and the application of the 3D model in the construction and optimization analysis is also described. Furthermore, the prospect of Fluent applied in the design and optimization of gypsum crystallizer is introduced. Finally, the potential and prospect of Fluent basing on the 3D mathematical simulation of crystallizer in the production of gypsum is put forward.

Electrolysis is the main method of refined copper smelting. In order to obtain high-quality refined copper, it needs to ensure that the negative plate in the electrolytic cell has a high flatness. The precise straightening device in roller leveler is the last step to ensure the negative plate of high quality flatness. Studying the influence of parameters of precise straightening in roller leveler on the flatness of the negative plate has an important significance. Precise straightening process were simulated in ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The results of simulation were analyzed, on the basis of better meeting the requirements of enterprise, the most reasonable set of matching parameters was chosen to provide a reference for the enterprise designing and studying the roller leveler.

The adhesive-bond of paster single lap joints was put forward firstly. The strength of 5052Al-Al adhesive-bond of single lap joints (SLJ) and 5052Al-Al paster adhesive-bond of SLJ were investigated using finite element method (FEM). Results from the simulation showed that the paster adhesive-bond of SLJ was stronger than the adhesive-bond of SJL. So it can use the paster adhesive joints to improve the strength of adhesive joints.

Vertical planetary mill is a kind of efficient grinding equipment. Due to its unique design, the materials can suffer combined effects of squeezing, shearing and grinding. this paper developed the virtual prototype of vertical planetary grinding wheel sand reclamation equipment based on virtual prototyping technology, and did the dynamic simulation with this virtual prototype. It will use ADAMS to do the dynamic simulation, and it can provide reference price for staff.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy. Methods Clinic data of 374 patients who had undergone video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy from May 2007 to May 2012 in the General Hospital of PLA were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among the 374 patients, the pathological diagnosis included 304 of malignant tumor, 47 of benign lesion, 18 of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, 1 of pulmonary hemorrhage, and 4 with ground-glass opacity appearance in chest CT images but no pathological change was found after operation. The surgical procedure included right upper lobectomy in 81 cases, right middle lobectomy in 40, right lower lobectomy in 73, left upper lobectomy in 64, left lower lobectomy in 89, and compound lobectomy in 27. The average operation time was 158.4±33.5min, intraoperative blood loss was 136.3±55.3ml, and 19 patients received blood transfusion during the operation. After the operation, 47 patients suffered complications and 3 patients died. The average postoperative extubation time was 4.3±1.9d, and the average postoperative hospital stay was 7.5±2.9d. Conclusion Video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy is a safe and reliable surgical procedure and may be applied to different pulmonary diseases.

Background PBC is a prototypical autoimmune liver disease characterized by portal lymphoplasmacyte infiltration. ALD is a prototypical environment-driven disease, featured by mild lymphocyte infiltration. We hypothesize B cells are more involved in the pathogenesis of PBC. By analyzing the infiltrating B cell repertoire, we aimed to unveil greater oligoclonal expansion and active clonal exchange between liver and periphery in PBC than in ALD patients. Methods Using NGS of Ig H chain genes, we analyzed the liver-infiltrating and paired peripheral B lymphocyte repertoire from 9 PBC and 4 ALD patients. Results In the liver of PBC and ALD patients, (1) roughly 10% of the B lymphocytes were clonally related and highly expressed, and there were also lineages that underwent extensive clonal expansion; (2) there was different use of IGHV/IGHJ segments between PBC and ALD, suggesting distinct Ag exposure backgrounds, but this did not lead to a significant difference in their clonal expansion level. Analysis of data sets from paired samples further revealed, (3) direct clonal exchange and evolutionally-related B cell clones between the infiltrating and peripheral repertoire; (4) the seeding of the infiltrating clones to periphery, and peripheral ones to the liver, for further extensive evolution. Conclusions The oligoclonally expanded nature of the infiltrating B cell repertoire implies B cell immunity is involved in the pathogenesis of both diseases. The observed clonal exchange might provide an approach to identify and monitor the infiltrating B cells through the periphery. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Monolayer antimonene is fabricated on PdTe

On the platform of the UG Software’s CAD/MoldWizard/CAM components, the whole process of design and NC manufacturing of the plastic injection mold of a hair dryer’s shell was completed. The CAD/CAM process of the plastic injection mold was introduced by the practical application. The large advantage of the UG platform over the traditional method in the field of plastic injection molds’ design and manufacturing was reflected. The plastic injection molds’ design and manufacturing is a great challenge to the traditional design and manufacturing method, and the UG solutions can promote mold manufacturers’ ability of design and manufacturing remarkably.

Copper is important to the national economy as a kind of raw material, the Copper metal with higher purity is got by electrolysis in generally. In order to ensure the uniform space between cathode and anode when they are in electro-groove, to attain the better quality of cathode copper and raising production efficiency, verticality of the cathode and anode must be well. So it is very necessary to straighten the Copper starting sheet to acquire the better verticality, this paper adopt the roller type straightening machine to straighten the Copper starting sheet by analysis and comparison according to the material and structure characteristic of Copper starting sheet .this paper will analysis and research the straightening parameter of straightening machine .

Numerical simulation and experimental study on the extraction of oil from red pepper seed using supercritical CO2 was performed in this study. Some main influence factors were investigated, including the influence of operation pressure and temperature on extraction yield Xe(%). A model equation was established based on mass transfer process, and the model equation was validated with the experimental data. The maximal and minimal relative errors between experimental data and numerical simulation value were 1.29% and 0.28% respectively. The results of 3-D simulations were obtained by associating extraction yield Xe(%) with operation temperature and pressure. As shown in the figures, it is obvious that there is an excellent agreement between the correlations results and the experimental data. Consequently, the optimum pressure and temperature were determined to be 20MPa and 318K respectively.

Use single and coexistence of simulated mine water contains Fe2+ and Mn2+ as processing object, the new NWMO medicament on Fe2+ and Mn2+’s removal efficiency, NWMO dosage, pH, reaction time and temperature on NWMO’s removal efficiency were investigated. When treated mine water only contains Fe2+, the appropriate conditions of the factors are that NWMO dosage/Fe2+ content=19:1, pH=5, room temperature, the reaction time is 10min, and the removal rate of Fe2+ is more than 80%; When treated mine water only contains Mn2+, the appropriate conditions of the factors are that NWMO dosage/Mn2+ content=22:1, pH=6, 35°C, the reaction time is 10min, the removal rate of Mn2+ is more than 60%; When the processing of Fe2+ and Mn2+ coexistence of mine water, the appropriate conditions of the factors are that NWMO dosage/Fe2+content=19:1, Fe2+ content/Mn2+ content=5:1, pH=6, 35°C, the reaction time is 10min, the removal rate of Fe2+ can be as high as 100%, and the highest Mn2+ removal rate can amount to 75%. In view of the current mine water quality characteristics that contains Fe2+ and Mn2+, the NWMO medicament is very suitable, and can achieve quick and efficient removal of iron and manganese.

Based on the high turbidity feature of mine water, Glutinous Rice Starch(St)- Acrylamide(AM) graft polymer cationic flocculant was synthesised by copolymerization with St and AM as materials, ammonium persulfate and sodium hydrogen sulfite as the initiator, 2.3-glycigyl trimethyl ammonium chloride were used as cationic agent. The optimum condition of cation was established through orthogonal experiments: reaction time is 4 hrs, St dosage is 5g, mass ratio of AM and St is 4:1, dosage of initiator is 1.4g, GTA dosage is 2.6g, NaOH dosage is 0.24g, etherification reaction time is 2.5 hrs, reaction temperature is 70°C. The performance of the cationic starch flocculant used as the mine wastewater treating was evaluated.

To drive multiple parallel-axis to rotate synchronously，this paper put forward a kind of new transmission mechanism——crank-group driving mechanism， introduced the concept of it and its working principles，and demonstrated the feasibility of its movement .