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To offer automatic online advice and help, chatbots are sophisticated conversational computer systems that resemble a human conversation. As chatbots' advantages grew, a variety of sectors began to use them extensively to give customers virtual support. Chatbots take advantage of methods and algorithms from two Artificial Intelligence areas: Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing. There are still several obstacles and restrictions to their use. In order to discover two NMT model variables' effects on chatbot performance, this paper does several experiments on a deep neural network chatbot model. Two straightforward and useful kinds of attentional mechanisms are used in this chatbot model: a local technique that only considers a small subset of source words at a time, as opposed to a global approach that always pays attention to all source words. This paper conducts experiments to examine how different model variables affect chatbot performance. This paper created a question template with eight general questions to test chatbot performance. Through the whole experiment results, increasing the number of iterations and increasing the dataset scale can improve the vocabulary and logic of the chatbot dialog to achieve better performance.

The non-equilibrium configuration of [LiO6]-[LiO4]-[VLiO6] in Ta5+-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 reduces the activation energy of Li+-ion transport and improves the ionic conductivity.

Even though organic molecules with designed structures can be assembled into high-capacity electrode materials, only limited functional groups such as -C═O and -C═N- could be designed as high-voltage cathode materials with enough high capacity. Here, we propose a common chemical raw material, trinitroaromatic salt, to have promising potential to develop organic cathode materials with high discharge voltage and capacity through a strong delocalization effect between -NO

In special relativity, four-vectors, such as space–time, energy–momentum and electromagnetic potential vectors, follow the Lorentz transformation. The transformations of space–time and energy–momentum vectors have been tested by time dilation and rest mass energy experiments, respectively. However, the Lorentz transformation of electromagnetic potentials has never been directly demonstrated in experiments due to the limitations of the diagnostics. Here we show the spatiotemporal electric-field profiles around a highly energetic electron beam with a subpicosecond temporal resolution obtained by a terahertz technique based on electro-optic sampling. We observe the Coulomb field contraction in the propagation direction of the beam under the Lorentz transformation. After passing the beam through a metallic plate, we investigate the birth of the Coulomb field around it and follow the spatiotemporal evolution of the spherical wavefront, which is derived by the Liénard–Wiechert potentials. The measured electric-field profile in the far propagation distance is experimentally confirmed to coincide with the calculation of the Liénard–Wiechert potentials and the Lorentz transformation. Our ultrafast measurement of a spatiotemporal relativistic electric field provides both additional experimental evidence of special relativity and a platform for detailed experimental research of energetic charged particle beams and electromagnetic radiation physics.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like lymphocytes that display a critical role in various liver diseases. However, the role of MAIT cells in cholestatic liver fibrogenesis remains obscure. Our study aims to assess the contribution of MAIT cells and underlying mechanisms during this process.Cholestatic murine models using MAIT cell-deficient (MR1Liver MAIT cells were more activated with increased cytokines in cholestatic mice models than in control mice, although their frequency was decreased. MAIT cell deficiency led to severe liver inflammation and fibrosis with more activated HSCs in cholestatic mice. In addition, MR1Our findings indicate that MAIT cells ameliorate cholestatic liver fibrosis by enhancing the cytotoxicity of NK cells against HSCs. An in-depth understanding of the MAIT cell-mediated regulatory effect will provide more valuable immunotherapy strategies to treat liver fibrosis.

IL-22 is a type 2 receptor cytokine in IL-10 family. IL-22 is usually secreted by innate and adaptive immune cells and takes its effects on non-hematopoietic cells. Through activate STAT3 pathway, IL-22 plays an important role in infection clearance and tissue regeneration, which is critical for barrier integrate and homeostasis. Abnormal activation of IL-22 signal was observed in inflammation diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. We review the recent discoveries about the mechanism and regulation of IL-22 signal pathway from the perspective of intestinal micro-environment. Diet-based IL-22 target therapeutic strategies and their potential clinical significance will also be discussed.

The middle Eocene Dongying sag in the Bohai Bay Basin of China has an estimated shale oil resource of approximately 1.1 billion t (8.06 billion bbl); flows of shale oil have been produced in the succession from tens of wells, where the daily production of a single well generally varies between 10 and 100 t (73.3–733 bbl). Therein, the mudrock successions composed of meter-scale mudstone–limestone couplets are the most important shale oil-producing layers. The controls on the deposition of the meter-scale mudstone–limestone couplets, however, remain enigmatic, constraining the analysis of lithofacies and, therefore, sweet spot distributions. Here, we analyze three continuously cored organic-rich successions of mudstone–limestone couplets (371 m [1217 ft] in total) in the middle Eocene Dongying sag, accompanied by decimeter- to meter-scale sampling and testing of mineralogy, organic geochemistry, and paleontology of the rocks. Our integrated cyclostratigraphic analysis shows that the observed mudstone–limestone couplets occur at periods that coincide with Milankovitch periodicities; 21-k.y. precession cycles are the main driver of the meter-scale mudstone–limestone couplets, with additional imprints of 41-k.y. obliquity cycles. Specifically, precession minima are associated with high summer insolation and consequently high summer monsoonal precipitation, which increased river discharge and terrigenous input to the basin, resulting in the deposition of siliciclastic-rich mudstones. In the study, low summer insolation during precession maxima led to decreased summer monsoonal precipitation, lower river discharge and terrigenous input, and increased lake water salinity, resulting in the deposition of authigenic lime mudstones. The shale reservoir quality kept pace with the orbital climate changes; compared with lime mudstones deposited during precession maxima, mudstones deposited during precession minima had higher total organic carbon, porosity, and oil content, but lower brittleness.

The detailed evolution of valley-damming by glaciers on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, including the large Gega paleolake, is reconstructed based on observed sediment sequences, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. In total, six main lithofacies associations are inferred that represent three relevant sedimentary environments associated with the paleolakes, i.e. lacustrine, deltaic and fluvial. Since the local last glacial maximum (LGM), there have been at least three river-blocking episodes and consequent phases of lacustrine development in the Gega and Jiedexiu dammed lakes. They occurred at ca. 25–17 ka, 14–11 ka, and ∼4 ka. Sedimentological evidence shows that the glacier-dammed lakes were not stable; they experienced oscillations of lake level through short-time drainage events. The damming events and subsequent outburst floods were likely triggered by changes in the extent and thickness of glaciers, caused by rapid climatic changes. This seems to be consistent with proglacial lakes occurring elsewhere, although the dynamics of glacier-dammed lakes can be highly variable between catchments and through time due to the influence of climate-dependent factors on the proglacial lakes.

Background: Maintaining lipid homeostasis to prevent lipotoxicity is crucial for various tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Hu-antigen R (HuR) is a member of the RNA binding protein family and overexpressed in many cancer types, which implicted that in regulating cell proleferation, migration, invasion, and lipid metabolism. However, the role of HuR in regulating abnormal lipid metabolism of CRC is unknown. Methods: Western blot was performed to screen differentially expressed HuR between CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Lipidomic profiling, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), total cholesterol and triglycerides assays testified the critical role of HuR/miR-124-3p/VDR complex in CRC cells. RNA pull-down and luciferase reporter Assays were performed to verify the interaction between HuR protein and the VDR mRNA. We also conducted a mouse xenograft model to elucidate the effect of HuR on lipid homeostasis and proliferation in vivo. Results: Our study identified that HuR promotes the expression of VDR, then modulates lipid homeostasis by enhancing TG and TC levels in CRC. Here, our study demonstrated that overexpressing HuR enhanced the expression of VDR through directly binding to its CDS and 3’-UTR. Simultaneously, HuR also indirectly affecting VDR by inhibiting miR-124-3p. We identified that HuR can suppress the expression of miR-124-3p, while miR-124-3p can bind to 3’-UTR of VDR to inhibit the expression of VDR. Moreover, xenograft models showed that targeting HuR suppressed the expression of VDR, blocked TG and TC formation, then suppressed CRC growth. Conclusion: Our findings propose a regulatory connection between HuR, miR-124-3p and VDR in CRC cells. We suggested that HuR/miR-124-3p/VDR complex modulates lipid homeostasis by influencing TG and TC formation in CRC, and may provide a potential target for CRC treatment and prevention.

Chunlan Zheng,1,2,* Yanan Peng,1,2,* Haizhou Wang,1,2 Youwei Wang,1,2 Lan Liu,1,2,* Qiu Zhao1,2,* 1Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China; 2Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Lan Liu; Qiu Zhao, Tel +86-027-67812888, Fax +86 027-67812892, Email lliugi@whu.edu.cn; qiuzhao@whu.edu.cnBackground: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world with an immunosuppressive Tumor microenvironment (TME). Ferroptosis plays an essential role in tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. However, the relationship between ferroptosis and TME of HCC has remained elusive.Methods: Differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (DE FRGs) between normal liver tissues and HCC tissues were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). On this basis, we identified the molecular subtypes mediated by DE FRGs and TME cell infiltration. Next, a predictive signature was established to quantity the ferroptosis-related characteristics by performing the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analyses. Univariate and multivariate COX analyses determined the independent prognostic factors. Finally, the expression stability of 3 ferroptosis-related signature genes was verified in cancer and paracancerous normal tissues of HCC.Results: We identified three different molecular subtypes and found that the subtype with the better prognosis was associated with high enrichment of immune- and metabolic-related hallmark signaling pathways and high infiltration of immune cells in TME. The signature was considered to be an independent prognostic factor. We also found that the signature can reflect the infiltration characteristics of different immune cells in TME. Immunosuppressive cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells, and type 17 T helper cells were significantly enriched in the high-risk group. The analysis data of immune checkpoints and tumor mutation load indicated that the signature had great potential in predicting Immunotherapy response and chemotherapeutic sensitivity. In addition, the overexpression of 3 ferroptosis-related signature genes was confirmed in HCC tissues and HCC cell lines. Ferroptosis inducer RSL3 inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells and was a potential cancer immunotherapy agent.Conclusion: These findings enhanced our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis in HCC and provided new insights into evaluating prognosis and developing more effective Immunotherapy and chemotherapy strategies.Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, ferroptosis, prognosis, immunotherapy, tumor mutational burden

Schematic diagram of HCR amplification strategy for the detection of miRNAs. (A) The preparation process of AuNHs array. (B) Synthesis of SERS probes (C) HCR process and SERS detection of miR-31 and miR-21.