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Oleh Hornykiewicz, one of the most accomplished neuropharmacologists of the 20th century passed away on May 26, 2020 at the age of 93. In 1939, Oleh’s father, a Ukrainian Catholic priest, fled with his young family from Soviet-occupied Ukraine and settled in Vienna. During his medical studies, Oleh became fascinated by pharmacology and in 1956 was awarded a fellowship to Oxford University (U.K.) where he worked with Dr. Hermann Blaschko, a pioneer in the study of enzymes of catecholamine synthesis and metabolism. At that time, it was still thought that dopamine was merely an intermediate in the synthesis of norepinephrine. Dr. Hornykiewicz demonstrated that even after its breakdown had been blocked, administration of dopamine or its precursor L-DOPA could elevate blood pressure in animal models. Dopamine was bioactive per se. Upon his return to Vienna in 1958, the young scientist began studying dopamine in the brain. Familiar with Parkinson’s Disease and intrigued by Arvid Carlsson’s finding that L-DOPA could counteract the akinesia of the reserpenized rat, Dr. Hornyckiewicz began to suspect that a dopamine deficiency mediated the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. He developed new techniques, applied these to the study of postmortem brains, and demonstrated that Parkinson’s disease was associated with a dopamine deficiency in the basal ganglia. Shortly afterwards, he and Walter Birkmeyer observed how the intravenous administration of L-DOPA could awaken mute and akinetic patients with Parkinson’s disease. For the first time, a discreet chemical was both implicated in a complex brain disorder and could be used as a treatment. This stands as one of the seminal discoveries in neuropharmacology. To this day, L-DOPA remains a mainstay in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Over the following half-century Dr. Hornykiewicz continued his own work, generously mentored others and established brain banks in Vienna as well as in Toronto, Canada where he worked for many years. He received numerous awards, and was nominated for but not awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine, in a decision that has remained controversial. He will remain forever, a brilliant star in the history of neuropharmacology.

Primeiro a paixão, depois os estudos. Esse é o conselho de Edward Wilson aos jovens pesquisadores. Na obra intitulada “Cartas a um jovem cientista”, Wilson compartilha com o público a sua paixão pelo mundo natural e pela descoberta. Ser um cientista, antes de tudo, é ter paixão por resolver problemas. É necessário dedicação, criatividade e muito estudo, mas, o resultado é a descoberta de um mundo natural em evolução. A obra de Wilson é um verdadeiro testamento aos pesquisadores aspirantes e futuros cientistas.

В материалах статьи проведён комплексный анализ теоретических подходов к формированию политических предпочтений современной российской молодёжи. Статья содержит аналитический материал, проанализированы теории и подходы к пониманию факторов, влияющих на электоральное поведение современной молодёжи., A comprehensive analysis of theoretical approaches to the formation of political preferences of modern Russian youth is presented in the article. The article contains analytical material; theories and approaches to understanding factors that affect the electoral behavior of modern youth are analyzed.

Tierui Zhang is a full Professor in Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the director of Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, CAS. He is associate editor of Science Bulletin and also serves as an editorial board member for several peer-reviewed journals including Advanced Energy Materials, ChemPhysChem, Scientific Reports, and Solar RRL. He has published more than 200 papers in refereed SCI journals, including Nat. Commun., Chem. Soc. Rev., Adv. Mater., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., and J. Am. Chem. Soc., with total number of citations >14000 and a h-index of 64. He was named in the annual Highly Cited Researchers 2018/2019 List by Clarivate Analytics. He was supported by an Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship, Royal Society-Newton Advanced Fellowship, National High-Level Talents Special Support Program, "Outstanding Young Scholars" of the National Science Fund, and so on. He is the recipient of numerous awards including 2019 "Nano Research Young Innovators Award" in NanoEnergy and Outstanding Young Scientist in Photochemistry and Photocatalysis. He was named a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC) in 2017.

В статье на примере предприятий ракетно-космической промышленности продемонстрирована взаимосвязь спада экономического развития наукоемких отраслей промышленности и оттока молодых ученых и специалистов. Проведено исследование по выявлению причин увольнения молодых ученых и специалистов на отечественных предприятий ракетно-космической промышленности.

The Nobel Prize award announcements in the first week of October every year are always eagerly anticipated by the scientific community. As a physicist, I always paid particular attention to the physics prize. Given that this prize is considered the most prestigious prize in science, it is often bestowed on a scientist or a trio of scientists whose discoveries or inventions have stood up to a career-long examination by the physics community. When the Nobel Prize is awarded to a young scientist, it is particularly noteworthy. That was the case for 2010 when the Nobel Prize in Physics [1] was awarded to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, both from the University of Manchester. Their award, for the discovery and investigation of graphene, a novel two-dimensional form of carbon, is noteworthy not only because of the investigators’ young age, but also since it is rare for a Nobel Prize to be awarded so soon after the prize-winning work—in this case the initial discoveries were in 2004.

The paper is devoted to the anniversary – the 210th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding scientist and clinician Grigory Ivanovich Sokolsky. G.I. Sokolsky made a huge contribution to the development of rheumatology, internal medicine, pathofisiology, and to the enhancement of disease diagnostic capabilities. He published many works in various branches of medicine. The surprising fact is that the young scientist published one or two large works every year in the second half of the 1830s. The scientist won international recognition for his work “On Rheumatism of Heart Muscle Tissue” (1836) that opened up a new understanding of the pathophysiology of rheumatism, by establishing a relationship of joint injuries to the heart. The clinical introduction and teaching of auscultation and percussion also became G.I. Sokolsky’s priceless merit to Russian medicine.

Ada Twist is a perky young scientist who is bursting with curiosity. That may sound annoying, but her enthusiasm is infectious, says Gregory Wakeman

Learning the basic competencies of critical thinking are very important in the education of any young scientist, and teachers must be prepared to help students develop a valuable set of analytic tools. In my experience, this is best achieved by encouraging students to study areas with little scientific consensus, such as the control mechanisms of the exercise ventilatory response, as it can allow greater objectivity when evaluating evidence, while also giving students the freedom to think independently and problem solve. In this article, I discuss teaching strategies by which physiology, biomedical science, and sport science students can simultaneously develop their understanding of respiratory control mechanisms and learn to critically analyze evidence thoroughly. This can be best achieved by utilizing both teacher-led and student-led learning environments, the latter of which encourages the development of learner autonomy and independent problem solving. In this article, I also aim to demonstrate a systematic approach of critical assessment that students can be taught, adapt, and apply independently. Among other things, this strategy involves: 1) defining the precise phenomenon in question; 2) understanding what investigations must demonstrate to explain the phenomenon and its underlying mechanisms; 3) evaluating the explanations/mechanisms of the phenomenon and the evidence for them; and 4) forming strategies to produce strong evidence, if none exists.

WILGA annual symposium on advanced photonic and electronic systems has been organized by young scientist for young scientists since two decades. It traditionally gathers more than 350 young researchers and their tutors. Ph.D students and graduates present their recent achievements during well attended oral sessions. Wilga is a very good digest of Ph.D. works carried out at technical universities in electronics and photonics, as well as information sciences throughout Poland and some neighboring countries. Publishing patronage over Wilga keep Elektronika technical journal by SEP, IJET by PAN and Proceedings of SPIE. The latter world editorial series publishes annually more than 200 papers from Wilga. Wilga 2017 was the XL edition of this meeting. The following topical tracks were distinguished: photonics, electronics, information technologies and system research. The article is a digest of some chosen works presented during Wilga 2017 symposium. WILGA 2017 works were published in Proc. SPIE vol.10445.

An outstanding Indonesian young scientist on bioinformatics

At the 31st SETAC Europe annual meeting, virtual Scientific Conference 3–6 May 2021, T. Schaubroeck received the SETAC Europe Young Scientist LCA Award 2021.

We thank Emil Aaltonen Foundation providing a young scientist grant for this research (O.N.). MS and AEL were supported by a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) David Phillips Research Fellowship (BB/G022887/1).

Chromium is one of the heavy metals that significantly affect water quality in Mongolia. The present study is focused on the remediation of surface water contaminated with chromium (III) by a permeable barrier in order to prevent sediment pollution. The adsorption capacity of the selected materials (13X zeolite and vermiculite) was investigated at different sorbent dosages, pH and initial Cr(III) concentration. The equilibrium adsorption studies showed that vermiculite has a higher Cr(III) removal efficiency in comparison with 13X zeolite. A fungal isolate obtained from the sediment samples collected near Tuul River (Mongolia) was selected from enriched Luria-Bertani medium, showing a good performance for Cr(III) removal (78.2\% for an initial concentration of 50 mg/L). The fungal isolate was genetically typed by DNA sequencing and was identified as belonging to the Alternaria alternata species. 13X zeolite showed the best performance for Cr removal in the permeable barrier assays compared to vermiculite, achieving a total removal of 96\\% and a global uptake of 2.49 mg/g. After 13 days of operation none of the barriers reached saturation with chromium., A previous version of the paper has been presented in the 2nd EWaS International Conference: BEfficient & Sustainable Water Systems Management toward Worth Living Development^, Chania, Crete, Greece, 1-4 June 2016. This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. Bruna Silva is thankful to the FCT for the concession of a Post-Doc grant (SFRH/BPD/112354/2015). Sampling process was supported by the collaborative research grant of National Academy of Sciences of Taiwan and Science and Technology Foundation of Mongolia, project code NCS-NECS2013003 and co-funded by the Young Scientist Grant (SEAS-2015075) of National University of Mongolia. E. Tuuguu would like to acknowledge the Erasmus-Mundus AREAS+ program for the opportunity to conduct research at CEB-University of Minho., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Introduction: young scientists engaged in creative activities face difficulties during scientific research, implementation and commercialisation of the results. The impossibility of coping with obstacles leads to the impairment of motivational and creative activity. The problem of studying the main semantic contents of difficult situations and strategies to cope with them becomes relevant as it is conducive to the process of personal development of young scientists. Materials and Methods: the authors used a questionnaire with open-ended questions for revealing the main difficulties and coping strategies in the process of research activity; COPE questionnaire adapted by E. Rasskazova, T. Gordeyeva, E. Osin; Style of Self-Regulation of Behaviour technique by V. I. Morosanova. Statistical data processing was carried out with descriptive statistics methods, analysis of frequencies, factor analysis (Varimax rotation with Kaiser normalisation), cluster analysis (furthest neighbour method and Ward’s method). Results: eight main semantic categories related to difficulties experienced in the process of performing the research work have been detected. The main ways of coping with arising difficulties have been identified. Types of respondents different in terms of coping strategies and regulatory-behavioural characteristics have been distinguished. Discussion and Conclusions: difficulties of self-organisation in time for realisation of new meanings, difficulties in structuring the research work and search for information act as psychological barriers provoking mental stress. The most efficient coping strategies in respondents are strategies Active coping and search for positive meaning and personal development. The inefficient coping strategy with difficulties complicating the process of self-development is Avoiding problems strategies.

Janez Peklenik was one of the outstanding scientists and engineers of the twentieth century, who left visible trails in manufacturing engineering research and education. He contributed to the advancement of manufacturing from soft empirical science into pure hard science. As a practitioner he was striving toward perfection and toward implementation of research ideas and results in real life. He was also a great scholar who was aware of the needs of industry on one side and of the problems that young students were confronted with on the other side, while trying to bridge over these two worlds. Janez Peklenik was recognized far over the Slovenian borders. His numerous invited lectures all over the globe confirm this fact. He was also a very active and distinguished member of The International Academy for Production Engineering - CIRP and, in the year 1979/80, its president. Fifty years ago he, as a young scientist with a vision, proposed the idea of organizing The International Seminar on Manufacturing Systems as a platform for exchanging ideas and experiences especially among young researchers and engineers. This idea attracted his CIRP colleagues and friends, Bertil Colding from Sweden, Toshio Sata from Japan and Gunter Spur from Germany, and they founded together the CIRP Conference on Manufacturing Systems, the CIRP conference series with the longest tradition. The contribution brings forward a brief review of Janez Peklenik life milestones and major achievements.

This volume presents the selected papers of young computational scientists – participants of YSC-2017. Annual Young Scientist Conferences (YSC) in high performance computing, modeling and simulation are traditionally held since 2012 by the University of Amsterdam (the Netherlands) and ITMO University (St. Petersburg, Russia) as the open international events which aim to develop a dialogue about the present and future of computational science with a focus on applications of modeling and simulation solving a wide range of problems of science, industry, and business. The conference has already been organized for six times, which gives us an opportunity for retrospective analysis of conference’ results and trends in high performance computing (HPC). The results are presented in this editorial.

Shi Nai'an's fourteenth century Chinese epic ‘Water Margin’ tells of the release of 36 heavenly spirits and 72 baleful stars from their captivity beneath a tablet of stone at Mount Longhu in Jiangxi Province. They are reincarnated as the 108 heroes of the Liangshan marsh in Shandong Province, who rise against an unjust world. The virtuous exploits of the ‘108’ were brought to life through the cathode-ray screens of 1970s television sets, as the TV series The Water Margin introduced heroes like Lin Chong battling his evil nemesis Gao Qiu. Far to the west of Jiangxi Province and several hundred years after the Water Margin during the summer of 1984, a young scientist from Nanjing was working amongst the hills and lakes of southern Yunnan Province. He too overturned a stone slab, releasing from their half-billion year captivity a cornucopia of new Chinese legends. His name was Xianguang Hou and he had made one of the most momentous fossil discoveries in history, uncovering the exceptionally preserved marine fossils of the Chengjiang biota from the ancient water margin of Cambrian seas.

The composer wished for a cure for his hearing loss. Soon, research could make it a reality for my twin brother − and millions more. Winner of the Young Scientist Essay Competition 2019. The composer wished for a cure for his hearing loss. Soon, research could make it a reality for my twin brother − and millions more. Winner of the Young Scientist Essay Competition 2019.

The research school was organised by the Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center under the project Useful Arctic Knowledge: partnership for research and education (UAK) funded by the INTPART programme 2018-2020 funded by the Research Council of Norway and the Norwegian Centre for International Cooperation in Education. The project, which includes partners from Norway, USA and Canada, brings together leading researchers, educators and young scientists working on selected Arctic science topics. The lecture presentations and other material form the research school are available at the project website: https://uak.ucalgary.ca/svalbard-research-school/, NERSC Special Report no. 105. Funded by the Research Council of Norway under contract no. 274891

Developmental Biology has a long, rich history of publishing papers that have influenced the field for decades. As 2019 marks the 80th anniversary of the Society for Developmental Biology, I thought it would be useful to republish a sampling of these classic papers both to highlight their impact and also to give a sense of how the field has advanced. To begin this series, I have chosen two papers by Nicole Le Douarin and colleagues that are personally important to me and helped to shape my thinking as a young scientist. The first is a technical note that introduces the quail-chick chimera grafting technique; the second one, published one year later, utilizes the technique to test the developmental potential of neural crest cells by grafting them to other axial levels. Published in Developmental Biology in 1973 and 1974, respectively, these papers were paradigm shifting in the neural crest field and established Le Douarin as one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century.

The article is devoted to the problems of youth realization in a scientific career in order to achieve a certain level of success. The paper notes the problems of modern scientific career and the divergence of scientific strategies, the implementation of which is often not associated with achieving a mass image of success. The author presents the results of the study, reflecting the peculiarities of the perception of a scientific career by young people from the point of view of signs of success that are common in the youth community. Статья посвящена проблемам реализации молодежи в научной карьере с целью достижения определенного уровня успешности. В работе отмечаются проблемы современной научной карьеры и дивергенция научных стратегий, реализация которых зачастую не сопряжена с достижением массового образа успеха. Автором приведены результаты исследования, отражающие особенности восприятия научной карьеры молодежью с точки зрения признаков успешности, распространенных в молодежном сообществе.

Young scientists are Early Career Scientists (ECSs) identified as researchers without a permanent contract or tenure. This report summarizes the activities of the young scientist fora created within the four major experiments at the LHC (ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb). The fora consist of the Junior Community in ALICE, the Early Career Scientist Board in ATLAS, the CMS Young Scientist Committee, and the Early Career, Gender and Diversity Office in LHCb. Also found in this report is a summary of the approaches taken by each forum to meet the needs of ECSs.

For a young researcher, the best way to improve his skills and develop his research capabilities is to work in established research laboratories where he is enabled to learn modern techniques and how to attack the scientific problems. Today, we have easy communications, including computers and the internet, but direct interactions with the most experienced scientists are the best way for young scientist to advance his research capabilities. Ulf Svante von Euler, Swedish pharmacologist and physiologist presents the best example that illustrates how interaction of a young researcher with established scientists develop his research capabilities and become a well-known scientist1.When Ulf was seventeen (1922), he came in Stockholm to study medicine. As a student, he became interested in research, and in 1926 he attended the Twelfth International Congress of Physiologists in Stockholm where he heard lectures by I. P. Pavlov, E. H. Starling and other great scientists of the time. He also observed a historic demonstration by Otto Loewi on the existence of Vagusstoff in the frog’s heart, which would stimulate his own interest and research on mediators of nerve transmission. Prior to this demonstration, Loewi had published several papers on the nature of this chemical substance that slowed the heart, but not all of his research contemporaries were convinced. However, a successful demonstration at the Congress (repeated eighteen times) convinced all critics. Von Euler recalled that these experiments inspired his enduring interest in neurohumoral transmission.Initially, von Euler was influenced by several well-known Swedish scientists: G. Liljestrand (pharmacologist/physiologist), R. Fåraeus (a hematologist) and H. Theorell (a biochemist, who received the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology in 1955). Ulf defended his doctoral dissertation in 1930 and became a professor of pharmacology. Then, he received a two-year scholarship for postdoctoral studies abroad that enabled him to improve his skills by working with several famous foreign researchers.The young Ulf von Euler made the most of this opportunity. He spent six months in Hampstead at Sir Henry Dale’s laboratory, two months in Birmingham with I. de Burgh Daly, eight months in Ghent with C. Heymans, and three months in Frankfurt with G. Embden. Later, in 1934, he returned to London for six months to work with A. Hill, primarily because Liljestrand advised him instead of pharmacology, rather to devote to physiology because at that time in Sweden this scientific discipline was more appreciated. Towards the end of 1937, he went back to Hampstead for five months to work again with Sir Henry Dale.

Śri Caitanya is considered a reformer in Vaiṣṇava philosophy. He, who lived in the 15th century, is considered to have a strong influence on the culture of devotion to the modern age. However, despite being known as a brilliant young scientist, Śri Caitanya left behind only eight verses, which are called Śikṣāṣṭaka. These eight verses clearly reveal His mission and teachings. The disciples in his disciplinary line wrote many works to explain Caitanya's teachings, which were mostly conveyed orally. The Acintya Bhedābheda is a central doctrine that is regarded as a synthesis of the different principles in Vaiṣṇava philosophy. Caitanya asserts that there is an incomprehensible difference, as well as an incomprehensible indifference (Acintya Bhedābheda). Thus, he clung to the divine unity, which sustained large popular worship of murti worship. Caitanya affirmed the bhakti-Vedānta philosophy's excellence to strengthen the fight against the Maya vada doctrine of Sankara philosophy.

The growth of epitaxial complex oxides has been essentially limited to specific substrates that can induce epitaxial growth and stand high temperature thermal treatments. These restrictions hinder the opportunity to manipulate and integrate such materials into new artificial heterostructures including the use of polymeric and silicon substrates and study emergent phenomena for novel applications. To tackle this bottleneck, herein, a facile chemical route to prepare water‐soluble epitaxial Sr3Al2O6 thin films to be used as sacrificial layer for future free‐standing epitaxial complex oxide manipulation is described. Two solution processes are put forward based on metal nitrate and metalorganic precursors to prepare dense, homogeneous and epitaxial Sr3Al2O6 thin films that can be easily etched by milli‐Q water. Moreover, as a proof of concept, a basic heterostructure consisting of Al2O3/Sr3Al2O6 on SrTiO3 is fabricated to subsequently exfoliate the Al2O3 thin film and transfer it to a polymer substrate. This is a robust chemical and low‐cost methodology that could be adopted to prepare a wide variety of thin films to fabricate artificial heterostructures to go beyond the traditional electronic, spintronic, and energy storage and conversion devices., This research was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (“Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D FUNFUTURE CEX2019‐000917‐S and MAT2017‐83169‐R(AEI/FEDER, EU)). The project that gave rise to these results received the support of a fellowship from “la Caixa” Foundation LCF/BQ/DI19/11730026. M.C. acknowledges Becas Leonardo fundación BBVA. I.C. acknowledges the JAE Intro fellowship, JAEINT1901918. This work was done in the framework of the doctorate in material science of the Autonomous University of Barcelona. This work received financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFA0305800), and the Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program (BJJWZYJH01201914430039).

The materials of young scientist conference (maxillofacial surgery).Материалы научно-практической конференции молодых ученых (по профилю ЧЛХ).

No abstract available.

El libro de Edward Wilson que abordamos en estas páginas resulta de especial interés para motivar a los que sueñan emprender una carrera en ciencias, y también para los que llevamos algo de camino andado. Si bien el libro en mención ha recibido varias elogiosas evaluaciones de especialistas reconocidos en foros importantes como AmericanScientist, PLoSBiology, entrevistas en el Times, e incluso una charla TED* considero valioso señalar algunos detalles relevantes del mismo, así como sintetizar y comentar algunas de sus ideas.

The goal of the Young Scientist Program (YSP) at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis (WUSM) is to broaden science literacy and recruit talent for the scientific future. In particular, YSP seeks to expose underrepresented minority high school students from St. Louis public schools (SLPS) to a wide variety of careers in the sciences. The centerpiece of YSP, the Summer Focus Program (SFP), is a nine-week, intensive research experience for competitively chosen rising high school seniors (Scholars). Scholars are paired with volunteer graduate student, medical student, or postdoctoral fellow mentors who are active members of the practicing scientific community and serve as guides and exemplars of scientific careers. The SFP seeks to increase the number of underrepresented minority students pursuing STEM undergraduate degrees by making the Scholars more comfortable with science and science literacy. The data presented here provide results of the objective, quick, and simple methods developed by YSP to assess the efficacy of the SFP from 2006 to 2013. We demonstrate that the SFP successfully used formative evaluation to continuously improve the various activities within the SFP over the course of several years and in turn enhance student experiences within the SFP. Additionally we show that the SFP effectively broadened confidence in science literacy among participating high school students and successfully graduated a high percentage of students who went on to pursue science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors at the undergraduate level.

The 212th ENMC workshop, Animal models of Congenital Muscular Dystrophies, took place in Naarden, The Netherlands on May 29–31, 2015 and was attended by 13 participants from France, Israel, Italy, Japan, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the USA, including clinical and basic science researchers, as well as one PhD student who received support from the ENMC Young Scientist Program.