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Mitra program pemberdayaan kepada masyarakat ini adalah seorang ibu bernama Ibu Siti yang menggeluti usaha warung sembako dan keripik singkong dan keripik pisang. Sebagai nasabah BTPNS, Ibu Siti belum pernah mencatat pengeluaran dan pemasukan usahanya. Di samping itu, sudah enam bulan ia menjalankan usaha keripik singkong dan keripik pisang, tetapi masih sangat sederhana dalam hal kemasannya. Tujuan program ini adalah mendampingi Ibu Siti dalam mencatat keuangan bisnis dan mengembangkan usaha keripik, khususnya dalam variasi produk dan kemasan. Lama pendampingan adalah empat bulan. Metode yang dilaksanakan berupa pendampingan usaha, monitoring, dan evaluasi. Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa Ibu Siti telah melakukan pencatatan keuangan secara rutin setiap hari meskipun masih perlu diingatkan. Ia merasakan bertambah pengetahuan, menjadi lebih disiplin dan dapat merencanakan masa depan, baik mengembangkan usaha, menambahkan jumlah modal yang dimiliki, membiayai biaya sekolah dan kuliah anak. Adapun dalam upaya mengembangkan bisnis keripik singkong dan keripik pisang, tim memberikan usulan kemasan pouch sebagai pengganti plastik dan mencantumkan label “Alfiera Camilan” sebagai ciri khas untuk membangun brand image. Kegiatan ini berhasil mengubah pandangan Ibu Siti menjadi lebih tekun menjalani bisnis dan mencatat keuangan untuk kepentingan masa depan keluarga serta meningkatkan jumlah pendapatan dan produk penjualannya.

People with diabetes mellitus are at higher risk for developing active tuberculosis. The diabetes mellitus epidemic has increased the incidence of lung tuberculosis. The purpose of this study is to determine factors that affect the incidence of lung tuberculosis in diabetic patients at “X” hospital in 2020. The method used analytic with case-control research design. The sampling technique is purposive sampling and involved 110 respondents using a sample ratio of 1:1 for the case and control groups. The data source in this study is secondary data from the patient’s medical record. The analysis used is chi-square and logistic regression. The variables studied are age, sex, employment, nutritional status, HbA1C levels, and duration of having diabetes mellitus. The result show factors associated with tuberculosis patients are age (p-value=0,038; OR=3,068), sex (p-value=0,022; OR=2,625), nutritional status (p-value=0,013; OR=0,352), and HbA1c level (p-value=0,046; OR= 2,440). Based on the results of the multivariate analyses factor that has more effects is the HbA1C level (Adjusted OR= 3,141; 95%CI= 1,299-7,594). Recommended for diabetic patients to do a healthy diet, regular exercise, comply with diabetes mellitus treatment, and regularly check blood glucose to maintain normal blood glucose levels.

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of employee engagement and motivation on working performance. This population is 618 employees working at one of the textile companies in Bandung, distributed into seven divisions. The number of samples of 247, furthermore, is counted by the Isaac and Michael formula. Because of the divisions, the pieces are taken by a stratified random sampling technique. Ominously, not all of them are responsive. Hence, this research can get a 54.66% participating level on the online survey or successfully collect 135 responses. Besides, this study utilizes the confirmatory factor analysis and the composite reliability coefficient analysis to test data quality. After that, the structural equation model based on variance is used. After examining the proposed hypothesis and discussing the related facts, this study deduces that a positive effect of employee engagement and motivation on working performance exists.

Learn from home has become a new trend today. This study examines how the communication gap that occurs between parents and children in the online learning process during the covid-19 pandemic. The method used is a case study, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation review. The results of the study indicate that quite a number of problems have arisen against this government policy, and one of them is the communication problem of parents in their unpreparedness having a dual role in their upbringing as teachers, motivators and facilitators for their children. In addition, other problems such as supporting facilities, social environment and children's mentality are other obstacles that contribute to creating a communication gap between parents and children. Through this research, it is hoped that the communication relationship between parents and children should be a priority, so that the current pandemic situation does not necessarily reduce children's interest in learning and academic potential.

Ancestral sequence reconstruction is a technique that is gaining widespread use in molecular evolution studies and protein engineering. Accurate reconstruction requires the ability to handle appropriately large numbers of sequences, as well as insertion and deletion (indel) events, but available approaches exhibit limitations. To address these limitations, we developed Graphical Representation of Ancestral Sequence Predictions (GRASP), which efficiently implements maximum likelihood methods to enable the inference of ancestors of families with more than 10,000 members. GRASP implements partial order graphs (POGs) to represent and infer insertion and deletion events across ancestors, enabling the identification of building blocks for protein engineering. To validate the capacity to engineer novel proteins from realistic data, we predicted ancestor sequences across three distinct enzyme families: glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductases, cytochromes P450, and dihydroxy/sugar acid dehydratases (DHAD). All tested ancestors demonstrated enzymatic activity. Our study demonstrates the ability of GRASP (1) to support large data sets over 10,000 sequences and (2) to employ insertions and deletions to identify building blocks for engineering biologically active ancestors, by exploring variation over evolutionary time.

Monosaccharide and disaccharide as carbon sources can affect the production of secondary metabolites. The study aims to determine the effect of variations in carbon sources on growth, physiological stress, and saponin levels of the adventitious roots of Talinum paniculatum Gaerthn. Adventitious roots are subculture in liquid MS medium treated with various sugars: 3% sucrose, 3% glucose, 3% fructose, 3% lactose, 3% maltose, 3% dextrose, sucrose + fructose (1.5% + 1.5%), sucrose + glucose (1.5% + 1.5%), glucose + fructose (1.5% + 1.5%), sucrose + dextrose (1.5% + 1.5%) for 6 weeks. The results of this study show that the 3% fructose treatment produces the highest fresh and dry biomass, which are 1.30 g and 0.23 g compared to the control. The morphology of adventitious roots in the treatment of carbon source variation is not different from the control treatment. The highest MDA (malondialdehyde) levels are found in the sucrose + fructose treatment (1.5% + 1.5%). Meanwhile, the highest proline levels are found in the 3% maltose treatment. Saponin levels analyzed using thin layer chromatography show the data in the form of color intensity and stain area based on ImageJ software analysis. The 3% fructose treatment shows the highest color intensity and stain area compared to the control. Variations in carbon sources affect physiological stress, biomass, and saponin levels of adventitious roots of T. paniculatum, but do not effect on root morphology.

Background: Separator placement is the first step in orthodontic treatment, which aims to create space between teeth before molar band placement. This procedure can cause pain for the patient. Pain management after separator placement can be done through pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Method: The aim of this rapid review was to determine the efficacy of laser therapy and ibuprofen for pain management after elastomeric separator placement in orthodontic treatment. Result: Ten articles were included in this review, four articles gave laser therapy interventions and six articles gave ibuprofen therapy interventions. The result of the quality assessment using Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) was laser therapy intervention has one good quality articles and three limited-quality articles, while ibuprofen therapy has two good quality articles and four limited-quality articles. Conclusion: The efficacy of laser therapy and the efficacy of ibuprofen on pain after separator placement is good, with the strength of the clinical recommendation of ibuprofen is better than laser therapy.

Brake pads are generally made of asbestos, which is less environmentally friendly and widely available in nature, therefore motorcycle brake pads are made that utilize palm frond fibers filled with alumina powder and bonded to a polyurethane matrix. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Material Testing of Industrial Chemical Technology Polytechnic (PTKI) Medan. Research was carried out from February-July 2020, using two test, namely the Rockwell Hardness level test and the Pin On Disk Friction Coefficient test. The result showed that oil palm frond fibers can be made into motorcycle brake pads with the addition of alumina powder according to the predetermined composition. After going through the test, the Rockwell hardness level was obtained in A2 treatment (6% Alumina) with the highest and best hardness level, namely 52.75 Kg. And after testing the friction coefficient of the Pin On Disk type, brake pads from palm frounds with the addition of alumina powder composition which have the lowest coefficient value of the best are obtained in treatment A2 (6% Alumina) with a value of 0.000765 N/mm2.

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang transplantasi organ tubuh pada mayat dalam perspektif Hukum Positif Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa ketentuan hukum terhadap tindakan transplantasi organ tubuh pada mayat serta sanksi hukum kepada tenaga medis yang melakukan malpraktek transplantasi organ tubuh pada mayat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian empiris. Hasil penelitian ini menjelasakan bahwa Indoensia sudah memiliki beberapa regulasi hukum yang mengatur tentang transplantasi organ tubuh pada mayat yang termuat dalam Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan, Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 37 Tahun 2014 tentang Penentuan Kematian dan Pemanfaatan Organ Donor; dan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 38 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyelenggaraan Transplantasi Organ. Namun, beberapa regulasi hukum di atas dianggap masih kurang jelas karena belum memberikan perlindungan hukum yang pasti kepada pendonor mati batang otak, penerima donor, dan tenaga medis yang terlibat dalam kegiatan transplantasi organ tersebut. Kemudian untuk malpraktek yang dapat dituntut pertanggungjawaban secara pidana adalah kesalahan dalam menjalankan praktek yang berkaitan dengan pelanggaran terhadap Kode Etik Kedokteran Indonesia, UU Kesehatan dan Peraturan Pemerintah yang berkaitan dengan hal tersebut.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of digital marketing (DM), e-commerce (EC), business sustainability (BS) and financial performance (FP) of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) during Pandemic Covid19 in Indonesia. The relationships between digital marketing and business sustainability, e-commerce and business sustainability, digital marketing and financial performance, e-commerce and financial performance, financial performance and business sustainability are investigated. This research is quantitative research with a questionnaire approach. Data processing tools use the SmartPLS 3.3.3 software. The primary data collection method was accomplished by distributing online questionnaires to 120 MSMEs in Banten Indonesia who had experienced the pandemic. The results show that digital marketing had significant effect on business sustainability, e-commerce had significant effect on business sustainability, digital marketing had significant effect on financial performance. However, e-commerce had no significant effect on financial performance, financial performance had no significant effect on business sustainability, digital marketing had no significant effect on business sustainability through financial performance, e-commerce had no significant effect on business sustainability through financial performance. The use of digital marketing has been carried out to increase customer awareness. Marketplace as a manifestation of e-commerce is used as an innovation or change in sales methods.

Lead induced oxidative stress contributes to increase the productivity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to disrupt the antioxidant balance. Gynura procumbens adventitious root (GPAR) methanol extract contains abundant phenolic and flavonoids compounds as antioxidants and can be used as traditional medicinal plants. The objective of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of GPAR against lead acetate toxicity in mice to haematological parameter, histological of hepatic cells, and activities of antioxidant enzymes. The data obtained from five groups of treatment: P1 (control), P2 (Pb acetate-100 mg/L), P3 (GPAR-100 mg/L + Pb acetate-100 mg/L), P4 (GPAR-200 mg/L + Pb acetate-100 mg/L), P5 (GPAR-300 mg/L + Pb acetate-100 mg/L). The results indicated that administration of methanol extract of GPAR can prevent the decreasing of haematological parameter, maintain the percentage of normal hepatic cells, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) due to lead acetate treatment. The effective dose of GPAR extract was 300 mg/L. This study provides that methanol extract of G. procumbens adventitious root exerts protective effects against lead acetate toxicity in mice.

Exposure to cadmium (Cd) could increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in expression of antioxidant genes. Gynura procumbens is a medicinal plant that is rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The aimed of study to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of G. procumbens adventitious root (GAR) extract against Cd toxicity, especially expression rate of hepatic antioxidant genes. Twenty-five male mice were treated as follows: P1 (control), P2 (Cd100mg/L), P3 (GAR100mg/L + Cd100mg/L), P4 (GAR200mg/L + Cd100mg/L), and P5 (GAR300mg/L + Cd100mg/L). The samples (blood and liver) were collected for analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and their relative gene expression were determined. The hematological assay showed Cd-treated administered with GAR extract increased the number of red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), but reduced the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). In addition, the GAR extract decreased the MDA production, but increased the activities of SOD and CAT. These enzymatic activities were positively correlated with their respective gene transcripts. Our study revealed that GAR extract administration showed marked hepatoprotective effects against Cd-induced oxidative stress.

Speaking is one of the important skills to master. The importance of learning speaking skills helps people to share their ideas, agreement or disagreement, compliment, and so on to others. Some students feel a lack of practice in learning English because they don't have enough support, including those in Taiwan. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to investigate how Taiwanese teachers apply CLL in speaking activities and the students' responses towards speaking activities which implement CLL at an elementary school in Taiwan. Data for this qualitative study were gathered from semi-structured interviews and reflective journals. The participants were one Taiwanese English teacher and 32 elementary school students. Data from the semi-structured interview were recorded, then transcribed. After that, themes were drawn based on the transcribed interviews. Based on the data, it was found that the Taiwanese English teacher applied CLL to teach the English language. Some activities such as group discussion and Think-Pair-Share were done. These activities were found useful because students could gain more vocabulary, a fun atmosphere created inside the classroom, and better fluency and pronunciation.

Kepuasan pelanggan berperan penting dalam upaya peningkatkan keputusan pembelian. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh Kepuasan Pelanggan, Kepercayaan Pelanggan dan Saluran Distribusi terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Baja pada PT Suminsurya Mesindolestari Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 204 pelanggan PT Suminsurya Mesindolestari Medan dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 134 pelanggan, teknik sampling yang digunakan yaitu sampling random sampling Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kepuasan Pelanggan, Kepercayaan Pelanggan dan Saluran Distribusi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Baja pada PT Suminsurya Mesindolestari Medan. Peningkatan ketiga variabel tersebut baik secara parsial maupun bersama-sama dapat meningkatkan keputusan pembelian secara maksimal. Maka disarankan agar perusahaan dapat meningkatkan dan memperbaiki kedua variabel tersebut di dalam perusahaan. Kata kunci : kepuasan pelanggan, kepercayaan pelanggan, saluran distribusi, keputusan pembelian

The complex containing Ni(II)-2,2’-bipyridin (bipy)-trifluoroacetate (TFA) was prepared by direct interaction of the corresponding precursors in an aqueous solution. AAS measurement for metal content, TGA-DTA analysis and electrical conductance suggest the ionic complex of [Ni(bipy)3](CF3COO)2·6H2O. The magnetic moment of 3.13–3.17 BM indicates the paramagnetism corresponding to two unpaired electrons which is clearly higher than that of the spin only value (2.87 BM), and commonly observed due to the spin-orbit coupling in Ni(II). UV-Vis spectral property revealed the first two main ligand field bands centered at about 14200 and 18650 cm–1, which are attributed to the spin-allowed transition, 3A2g→3T2g and 3A2g→3T1g(F), respectively. The expected third band at higher energy seems to appear as a shoulder at 26500 cm–1 (378 nm), as it is masked by a strong intensity of charge transfer band centered at 31050 cm–1. The infrared spectrum exhibits mode of vibrations of the functional groups of ligand and TFA. The powder diffractogram was refined by Le Bail method and found fit as monoclinic system of space group of P21/M, with figures of merit: Rp = 3.62, Rwp = 5.76, Rexp = 3.48, goodness of fitting (GOF) 2.745 and the derived Bragg R-Factor = 0.05.

During the early stages of the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia, regional leaders attempted to implement appropriate policies in order to mitigate the negative effects that occurred in their respective regions. This crisis period necessitates good managerial skills and a strong leadership personality from regional leaders. Policies are developed on the basis of public ethics and are geared toward providing high- quality public services. This study used a qualitative approach that employs Robert N. Entman’s framing analysis method to examine the news text of Kompas.com in relation to the policies implemented by several regional leaders in Indonesia to control the spread of COVID-19. The results of the study show that several regional heads in Indonesia have the competence and character of crisis leadership and apply public ethics in taking and implementing policies to overcome the spread of COVID-19 in their respective regions.

Abstrak Piper betle L. var Nigra (sirih hitam) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman obat yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan dengan metode kultur jaringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi zat pengatur tumbuh Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP), Kinetin terhadap senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terdapat kalus sirih hitam. Eksplan daun dari sirih hitam ditanam pada medium Murashige dan Skoog dengan 4 perlakuan kombinasi (I1,0K1,0; I1,0K1,5; I1B1,5; I0,5B0,5). Kalus dipelihara selama 8 minggu. Simplisia kalus sirih hitam di maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol dan diidentifikasi menggunakan Gas Chromatography Mass Spectra (GCMS). Berdasarkan analisis GCMS menunjukkan bahwa senyawa metabolit sekunder dengan presentase tertinggi terdapat pada masing- masing perlakuan yaitu senyawa gamma sitosterol (14,88%) pada perlakuan I1,0K1,0 ; senyawa 14-Beta H Pregna (15,94%) pada perlakuan I1,0K1,5 serta senyawa beta-d-glucopyranoside (15,54%) pada perlakuan I0,5B0,5; dan senyawa beta-d-glucopyranoside (5,63%) pada perlakuan I1,0 B1,5. Katakunci: Kalus, Piper betle L. var Nigra, senyawa metabolit sekunder Abstract Piper betle L. Var Nigra (black betel) is one type of medicinal plant that has the potential to be developed by tissue culture method. This study was aims to determine the effect of variations in growth regulator Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP), and Kinetin on secondary metabolite compounds contained in black betel callus. The explant of black betel’s leaf was cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium with four combination treatments (I1.0K1.0; I1.0K1.5; I1B1.5; I0.5B0.5). The callus was maintained for eight weeks. Simplisia of black betel’s callus was macerated using methanol solvent and identified using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectra (GCMS). GCMS analysis showed that secondary metabolites with the highest percentage in each treatment were gamma sitosterol compound (14.88%) in treatment I1.0K1.0; 14-Beta H Pregna compound (15.94%) in I1.0K1.5 treatment and beta-d-glucopyranoside compound (15.54%) in I0.5B0.5 treatment; and beta-d-glucopyranoside compound (5.63%) in I1.0 B1.5 treatment. Keywords: Callus, Piper betle L. Var Nigra, secondary metabolite compounds

Triggered by the concept of sustainability, the use of natural dyes in batik fabric processing has increased recently. To inhibit fungus growth on batik fabric colored with natural dyes, either clove oil or formaldehyde was added as an antifungal agent. To increase the stability of the interaction between the antifungal agent and the batik fabric, chitosan was used as a crosslinker. A modified version of the standard tests American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) 30 and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied as the characterization method. The results showed that the growth percentage of fungi in Batik treated with either clove oil or formaldehyde was much lower than that in the control sample. Growth of Aspergillus niger could be prevented by about 32% using clove oil and 94% using formaldehyde. The optimal condition was obtained with 1% chitosan as a crosslinking reagent, 15.91 ppm of formaldehyde, and 60-min immersion time, with absorbance intensity of formaldehyde crosslinking solution and fungus growth areas being 0.159 and 2.47%, respectively.

The cyclic voltammogram is widely used to analyse the electrolysis process. The use of various media, namely rambutan seed flour (Nephelium lappaceum), mango seed flour (Mangifera indica), breadfruit leaf powder (Artocarpus altilis), peria extract (Momordi charantia) and aloe vera extract (Aloe vera), in this study is to deliberately mimic the occurrence of those media in wastewater produced by several industries. The electrolysis analysis on the presence of several media would minimize the preparation steps on wastewater utilization for generating hydrogen as renewable energy. The research looks at the potential of wastewater as the raw material for the electrolysis process. In this research, stainless steel cyclic voltammograms were studied on water electrolysis. The electrolysis was done in base solution and adding various media, such as rambutan seed flour (Nephelium lappaceum), mango seed flour (Mangifera indica), breadfruit leaf powder (Artocarpus altilis), peria extract (Momordi charantia) and aloe vera extract (Aloe vera) in various concentrations, 0 - 10 g per litter of water. By reviewing the activity of a stainless steel electrode to decompose water molecules, the media generally caused the occurrence of covering by relatively large molecules around the electrode surface, resulting in decreased activity of the stainless steel electrodes. The optimum condition occurred with the addition of breadfruit leaf powder in all treatments with similar electrode activity as much as 1.68. The result could be implemented in a wastewater electrolysis processes containing the media to generate hydrogen gas. ABSTRAK: Voltammogram berkitar banyak digunakan bagi menganalisis proses elektrolisis. Dalam kajian ini pelbagai jenis media telah sengaja digunakan seperti tepung biji rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), tepung biji mangga (Mangifera indica), serbuk daun sukun (Artocarpus altilis), ekstrak peria (Momordi charantia) dan ekstrak lidah buaya (Aloe vera), bagi memimik terjadinya media-media tersebut dalam sisa air buangan yang terhasil daripada beberapa industri. Analisis elektrolisis pada pelbagai media dapat mengurangkan langkah-langkah persiapan pada penggunaan sisa air bagi menghasilkan hidrogen sebagai tenaga boleh baharu. Penilitian kajian ini bertumpu pada potensi sisa air sebagai bahan kasar bagi proses elektrolisis. Kajian ini adalah tentang elektrolisis air voltammogram berkitar pada keluli tahan karat. Proses elektrolisis telah dilakukan pada larutan dasar dan dengan menambah pelbagai media, seperti tepung biji rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), tepung biji mangga (Mangifera indica), serbuk daun sukun (Artocarpus altilis), ekstrak petola (Momordi charantia) dan ekstrak lidah buaya (Aloe vera) dalam pelbagai kepekatan, 0 - 10 gram pada setiap liter air. Penurunan aktiviti elektrod keluli tahan karat telah disebabkan oleh aktiviti elektrod keluli tahan karat yang mengurai molekul air dan diliputi molekul-molekul besar pada permukaan elektrod. Keadaan optimum telah berlaku dengan penambahan serbuk daun sukun pada semua rawatan dengan aktiviti elektrod serupa sebanyak 1.68. Dapatan kajian dapat digunakan dalam proses elektrolisis sisa air yang mengandungi media bagi menghasilkan gas hidrogen.

Violacein and its biosynthesis by-product deoxyviolacein are valuable natural pigments with different biological activities. Various efforts have been made to enhance violacein and deoxyviolacein production in microbes. However, the effect of different culture media, agitation, and fungal elicitation on biosynthesis in Janthinobacterium has not been evaluated. In this study, the effect of eight different culture media, agitation, and fungal elicitation by Agaricus bisporus on violacein and deoxviolacein production in Janthinobacterium agaricidamnosum DSM 9628 and Janthinobacterium lividum DSM 1552 were examined. The results showed that violacein and deoxviolacein are produced at high-levels when Janthinobacterium is cultivated in minimal media such as Davis minimal broth with glycerol (DMBgly), shipworm basal medium (SBM), and MM9 media. A 50-fold increase was observed in violacein production when Janthinobacterium was cultivated in these media compared to cultivation in Luria–Bertani (LB), nutrient broth (NB), and King’s B (KB). Agitation reduces violacein and deoxyviolacein production, while fungal elicitation decreases violacein but increases deoxyviolacein when Janthinobacterium is cultured in KB media, SBM, and modified SBM (MSBM). An antibacterial assay using various pathogenic bacteria showed that violacein and deoxyviolacein extracted from Janthinobacterium are effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, confirming their functionality as antibacterial agents. The findings suggest that cultivation in minimal media and fungal elicitation might invoke a stress response, enhancing the production of violacein and deoxviolacein in Janthinobacterium.

Background: Candida albicans is responsible for a wide range of medical ailments, from harmless cutaneous to life-threatening bloodstream infections. Growing cases of antifungal-drug resistance strains of C. albicans become a rationale to explore and develop novel anti-candida agents. In this paper, we assessed the anti-candida activity of the methanolic extracts of various tropical medicinal plants from Myrtaceae, Poaceae, and Zingiberaceae, commonly used in Indonesia to treat fungal infections. Methods: Candida albicans strain ATCC 10231 was used as a subject to assess the anti-Candida activities of plant methanolic extracts through disc diffusion assay. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were observed. Results: All plant extracts in this study showed antifungal activities against C. albicans. Among them, Cymbopogon citratus, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Curcuma aeruginosa, and Zingiber officinale var. rubrum showed the lowest MIC and MFC value of 3.8 mg/mL. Conclusions: The growth inhibition of C. albicans on disc diffusion assay was demonstrated by Z. officinale var. rubrum and C. longa, which were comparable to antifungal nystatin. Further investigation of the chemical constituents of the extracts and the cytotoxicity test is needed to further develop plant-derived anti-candida agents.

The neurodegenerative effects of Parkinson's disease (PD) are marked by a selective loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Epidemiological studies suggest that chronic exposure to the pesticide paraquat may increase the risk for PD and DA cell loss. However, combined exposure with additional fungicide(s) including maneb and/or ziram may be required for pathogenesis. To explore potential pathogenic mechanisms, we have developed a Drosophila model of chronic paraquat exposure. We find that while chronic paraquat exposure alone decreased organismal survival and motor function, combined chronic exposure to both paraquat and maneb was required for DA cell death in the fly. To initiate mechanistic studies of this interaction, we used additional genetic reagents to target the ubiquitin proteasome system, which has been implicated in some rare familial forms of PD and the toxic effects of ziram. Genetic inhibition of E1 ubiquitin ligase, but not the proteasome itself, increased DA cell death in combination with maneb but not paraquat. These studies establish a model for long-term exposure to multiple pesticides, and support the idea that pesticide interactions relevant to PD may involve inhibition of protein ubiquitination.

A protocol for genetic transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and production of transgenic Dendrobium lasianthera has been developed for the first time. The 8-week-old protocorm explants were used as target of transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 carrying plasmid pG35SKNAT1. Several parameters such as infection period, Agrobacterium density, concentration of acetosyringone, and co-cultivation period were evaluated for the transformation efficiency. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with p

Batik industry in Indonesia is generally small and medium enterprises (SMEs) become the livelihood of some people. In the History of Solo Batik describes the famous solo batik with traditional patterns and patterns of batik in the process of cap and in batik tulis. Kampung Batik Laweyan is the center of the township of batik entrepreneurs in Solo, which has tremendous appeal. The lack of regeneration of batik makers makes their numbers more and more decreasing. In order for batik existence to stay awake in the future, business managers must know how to develop human resources especially for batik crafters. The purpose of this research is to formulate human resource development strategy / method used this research is qualitative method with method soft system methodology (SSM) developed by Checkland and Poulter (2010), Checkland and Scholes (1990). The findings obtained after using the method of soft system methodology (SSM) is the formulation of human resources development strategy for medium and small industries in Laweyan, Surakarta.

Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merris one of medicinal plant which was carried out used as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antimicrobial. Many strategies were used to increase the production of biomass and valuable compounds. This study was to investigate the variation effect of growth regulators and immersion frequency on production of biomass and flavonoid contained of G. procumbens shoots culture in temporary immersion bioreactor. Stem nodes were used as an explants and induction of shoots were done in solid MS medium supplemented with many kinds of growth regulator. The best treatments were used to produce biomass and flavonoid compounds in temporary immersion bioreactor; there are combination of IAA 2 mg/L and BA 4, 6, 8 mg/L and immersion frequency (5 min each 3 h; 15 min each 12 h). Results showed that the growths of G. procumbens shoots in solid MS medium were influenced by supplementation of growth regulators. MS medium supplemented with single cytokinine (6 mg/L kinetin) and combination of auxin (IAA) and cytokinine (BA) caused increasing of shoots growth. Production of biomass of G. procumbens in temporary immersion bioreactor was achieved in long immersion interval (12 h) and highest flavonoid production was obtained in combination treatment of immersion frequency 15 min each 12 h and MS medium supplemented with IAA 2 mg/L, BA 8 mg/L. Keywords: Gynura procumbens, Shoots culture, Temporary immersion system, Flavonoid, Biomass production

Oxalis triangularis atau semanggi ungu adalah tanaman hias yang memiliki warna ungu. Warna ungu yang terdapat pada daun adalah indikator keberadaan pigmen antosianin. Antosianin dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pigmen alami untuk makanan dan minuman. Makanan dan minumuan yang ditambahkan antosianin akan mendapat nilai tambah berupa warna yang menarik dan senyawa antioksidan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengisolasi, mengidentifikasi, dan mikroenskapsulasi pigmen antosiani dari O. triangularis. Metode yang digunakan adalah esktraksi pigmen dengan aquades, identifikasi pigmen dengan KLT dan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis, mikroenkapsulasi pigmen dengan maltodekstrin, dan pengujian termostabilitas dengan pemanasan selama 0 – 50 menit pada suhu 100°C. Hasil yang diperoleh terdapat 2 fraksi warna dari hasil KLT, dan 2 puncak serapan berdasar pemindaian dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Total antosianin sebesar 1,073569 mg/g untuk ekstrak pigmen dan 0,147799 mg/g untuk mikroenkapsulasi pigmen. Hasil uji termostabilitas, menunjukan pigmen antosianin termikroenkapsulasi stabil di suhu panas. Dengan kandungan antosianin yang cukup tinggi, bisa dimikroenkapsulasi, dan memiliki termostabilitas yang baik maka bisa dijadikan sumber pigmen alami untuk makanan dan minuman.' DOI : https://doi.org/10.33005/jtp.v14i2.2449

Soil salinity and mineral deficiency are major problems in agriculture. Many studies have reported that plant-associated microbiota, particularly rhizosphere and root microbiota, play a crucial role in tolerance against salinity and mineral deficiency. Nevertheless, there are still many unknown parts of plant–microbe interaction, especially regarding their role in halophyte adaptation to coastal ecosystems. Here, we report the bacterial community associated with the roots of coastal sand dune halophytes Spinifex littoreus and Calotropis gigantea, and the soil properties that affect their composition. Strong correlations were observed between root bacterial diversity and soil mineral composition, especially with soil Calcium (Ca), Titanium (Ti), Cuprum (Cu), and Zinc (Zn) content. Soil Ti and Zn content showed a positive correlation with bacterial diversity, while soil Ca and Cu had a negative effect on bacterial diversity. A strong correlation was also found between the abundance of several bacterial species with soil salinity and mineral content, suggesting that some bacteria are responsive to changes in soil salinity and mineral content. Some of the identified bacteria, such as Bacillus idriensis and Kibdelosporangium aridum, are known to have growth-promoting effects on plants. Together, the findings of this work provided valuable information regarding bacterial communities associated with the roots of sand dune halophytes and their interactions with soil properties. Furthermore, we also identified several bacterial species that might be involved in tolerance against stresses. Further work will be focused on isolation and transplantation of these potential microbes, to validate their role in plant tolerance against stresses, not only in their native hosts but also in crops.

This study aims to examine the effect of customer experience and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty and whether customer satisfaction mediates the relationship between customer experience and customer loyalty. The data analysis method used is structural equation modeling-partial least squares (SEM-PLS). The number of respondents is 150 people. Sampling technique of this study is quota sampling method. The study shows that customer experience has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty, customer experience has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, and customer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. By conducting mediation testing, it is concluded that customer satisfaction is significant as a mediator of the relationship between customer experience and customer loyalty.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh brand, inovasi, dan budaya terhadap keputusan pembelian Songket Tenun Tarutung di Kabupaten Tapanulin Utara. Sifat penelitian ini adalah penelitian menjelaskan (explanatory) dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Accidental sampling yaitu penduduk wanita yang berada di Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara dan penelitian mengambil data 100 responden dengan sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dan primer Untuk pengujian validitas dan Uji reliabilitas disebarkan kepada 30 responden penelitian yang merupakan Konsumen Wanita pembelian songket tenun Tarutung di Kabupaten Tarutung. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda. Nilai R adjusted Square (R²) adalah 0,553 yang mengindikasikan bahwa variasi variabel brand, inovasi dan budaya mampu menjelaskan variasi variabel keputusan pembelian sebesar 55,3 %. Pengujian secara simultan menujukkan bahwa brand, inovasi dan budaya berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Pengujian secara parsial bahwa brand, inovasi dan budaya berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian.

Luka bakar disebabkan karena kerusakan atau kehilangan jaringan akibat kontak dengan sumber panas. Pengobatan luka bakar dilakukan dengan mengembalikan fungsi dan bentuk jaringan kulit kembali. Penggunaan tanaman herbal sebagai alternatif pengobatan luka bakar meningkat karena minimnya efek samping yang ditimbulkan. Kulit semangka (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.)) mempunyai kandungan alkaloid berupa sitrulin yang berperan dalam proses penyembuhan luka serta kulit manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) memiliki kandungan flavonoid berupa xanton yang memiliki efek anti inflamasi dengan memicu pembentukan kolagen yang berperan penting dalam pemeliharaan struktur dan penyembuhan luka. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh gel kombinasi ekstrak kulit semangka dan kulit manggis yang memiliki efek antiinflamasi pada luka bakar yang terdapat pada punggung kelinci serta kontrol kualitas sediaan gel yang dibuat. Pengujian mutu fisik gel yang dilakukan meliputi uji organoleptik, pH, homogenitas, viskositas, daya lekat, daya sebar, daya proteksi dan aseptabilitas pada penyimpanan hari ke-0 sampai hari ke-28. Uji aktivitas gel dilakukan pada 7 ekor kelinci yang dibagi dalam 7 kelompok perlakuan yang terdiri dari kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, KS (100), KM (100), KSKM(25:75), KSKM (50:50), KSKM (75:25). Setiap kelinci dibuat luka bakar menggunakan lempeng logam panas berdiameter 2 cm. Pengukuran diameter luka dilakukan selama 14 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gel kombinasi ekstrak kulit semangka dan kulit manggis dapat menurunkan diameter luka bakar. Formula efektif yaitu formula KSKM 75:25 dengan rata-rata diameter 1,29 cm.

There is inequality between the economic growth of provinces in Java and outside of Java. The total area of Java is only 6,77% from total area of Indonesia but the Growth Domestic Product (GDP) based on constant price in 2014, Java contributed 57,8% of the GDP total Indonesia. One cause that made this disparity is the development of infrastructure in outside Java is still weak. The development of infrastructure is a basic element for increasing total output production that later will increase the economic growth. However, there are so many problems that occur in developing the infrastructure in outside of Java. This study aimed to analyze the condition of infrastructure provinces outside Java in 2010-2014. The data used is the secondary data for 27 provinces outside of Java 2010-2014 from BPS. The analytical method used is panel data regression with fixed effect model and Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) Model. Based on the results, the infrastructure that affects economic productivity significantly and positively is road infrastructure, health, and budget. Infrastructure that affects economic productivity significantly and negatively is the educational infrastructure. Water and electricity infrastructure did not significantly affect economic productivity. Keywords: Infrastructure, Economic productivity, Panel Data Regression, Fixed Effect Model

Low response rate has been considered as a matter in a survey. Even though researcher has applied techniques to enhance the response rate, they very often still experience low rate of response. This paper tries to share the challenging experience in dealing with low response rate in the context of international business research. This is a questionnaire survey of small firms in Indonesia that were doing business abroad. The results show that it is more important to select the most effective survey method rather than techniques to enhance response rate in order to deal with local condition. Survey by knocking the door is found to be the best suited alternative for maximizing the response rate.

Gynura procumbens has a potency to produce raw material for pharmaceutical industry. Liquid culture systems have significant effects on multiplication rates of organ, so the propagation technology to increase biomass of this plant or organ using the liquid culture system was necessary. This research was conducted to compare biomass production of adventitious roots of G. procumbens in different liquid culture (shake flask, temporary immersion bioreactor and balloon-type bubble bioreactor). Adventitious roots culture was maintained in Murashige and Skoog liquid medium supplemented with IBA (indole butyric acid) 5 mg/L and different concentrations of sucrose (10, 30, 50 g/L). Result showed that the highest biomass production (fresh weight) was in shake flask that was 3.9-fold higher than initial explant, while in temporary immersion system was 5.12-fold higher than initial explant, and in balloon- type bubble bioreactor was 13.1-fold higher than initial explant. The highest enhancement of adventitious roots was occurred at sucrose supplementation of 50 g/L. Based on this research we found that the best type of liquid culture to increase biomass of G. procumbens adventitious roots was balloon-type bubble bioreactor. Scaling-up of adventitious root culture are necessary to fulfill the need of raw material for pharmaceutical industry and ballon-type bubble bioreactor was the most suitable method to scale up the performance.

The biomining microbes which extract metals from ores that have been applied in mining processes worldwide hold potential for harnessing space resources. Their cell growth and ability to extract metals from extraterrestrial minerals under microgravity environments, however, remains largely unknown. The present study used the model biomining bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans to extract metals from lunar and Martian regolith simulants cultivated in a rotating clinostat with matched controls grown under the influence of terrestrial gravity. Analyses included assessments of final cell count, size, morphology, and soluble metal concentrations. Under Earth gravity, with the addition of Fe3+ and H2/CO2, A. ferrooxidans grew in the presence of regolith simulants to a final cell density comparable to controls without regoliths. The simulated microgravity appeared to enable cells to grow to a higher cell density in the presence of lunar regolith simulants. Clinostat cultures of A. ferrooxidans solubilised higher amounts of Si, Mn and Mg from lunar and Martian regolith simulants than abiotic controls. Electron microscopy observations revealed that microgravity stimulated the biosynthesis of intracellular nanoparticles (most likely magnetite) in anaerobically grown A. ferrooxidans cells. These results suggested that A. ferrooxidans has the potential for metal bioleaching and the production of useful nanoparticles in space.

Program pengabdian pada masyarakat (PPM) ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengidentifikasi miskonsepsi yang dialami guru pada materi kimia SMA yang berhubungan dengan kimia anorganik dan kimia fisik, dan (2) memberikan pendampingan untuk meningkatkan penguasaan materi sesuai modul guru pembelajar bagi anggota MGMP kimia Kabupaten Sleman.Kegiatan dilakukan selama 3 kali pertemuan. Pertemuan pertama di SMAN 1 Pakem, dihadiri 24 orang, membahas Sifat Koligatif Larutan dan menyusun Instrumen Penilaian. Pertemuan kedua di SMAN 2 Sleman, dihadiri 27 orang, membahas Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, Laju Reaksi, Termokimia, dan Elektrolisis. Pertemuan ketiga di SMAN 1 Seyegan, dihadiri 24 orang, membahas Teori Atom dan Ikatan Kimia. Kesimpulan daripada kegiatan ini, adalah (1) beberapa guru masih banyak mengalami miskonsepsi dalam pembahasan materi: Laju Reaksi, Termokimia, Elektrolisis, Sifat Koligatif Larutan, dan Bilangan Kuantum dan (2) Modul Guru Pembelajar yang perlu dipahami kembali oleh para guru anggota MGMP Kimia Kabupaten, adalah Modul A, D, G, dan J, baik dalam materi pedagogik maupun kimianya.

Objective: To study asymbiotic seed germination and mass propagation of Dendrobium lasianthera which is one of the endangered medicinal orchids using seeds. Methods: The 14 weeks old hand pollinated seeds were sown on Vacin and Went (VW) solid medium supplemented with various concentrations of peptone (1, 2, 3 g/L) and without peptone which was used as control treatment. At the 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the seeds were sown, seed germination and shoot formation were investigated. To evaluate the role of organic nutrient additives on subsequent shoot development and root formation, particular shoots with about 1 cm length contains 1–2 leaves obtained from the seeds germination was cultured on VW medium additives with different of organic nutrient: 15% coconut water, 2 g/L peptone, 150 g/L banana homogenate, and without organic nutrient was used as control. After 16 weeks of culture, the plantlet height, number of leaves, number of roots, leaf length and root length were recorded. Results: The supplementation of 2 g/L peptone in VW medium was proven to be suitable concentration for seed germination (100%) and shoot formation with 84.0% the protocorm development to phase 5 (shoot). VW medium containing 15% coconut water was effectively improved the shoot development, with well developed roots and leaves compared to the other treatment and 95% of acclimatized plantlets survived. Conclusions: This protocol is an efficient way for the in vitro mass propagation of this Dendrobium lasianthera.

This research is aimed at understanding the lifestyle of users of national brand lipstick (Wardah) and international brand one (Revlon)using AIO variables that comprise of activity, interest, and opinion. Data was gathered from respectively 30 lipstick users of Wardah and 30 of Revlon who reside in Semarang using questionnaire. Description analysis was to describe the lifestyle of both samples and then was analyzed using an independent t test for two unrelated samples to know if they differ in their lifestyle. The results show that there are differences of lifestyle between two groups of the sample in which the Wardah users are more likely dominant in the variable of interest while the Revlon users are more likely dominant in the variable of activity and opinion. Segmentation and targeting strategy according to consumers’ lifestyle are thus important for succeeding the company.

Latar belakang. Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian/Hiperaktifitas (GPP/H) merupakan gangguan neurobehavioural yang menetap dengan gejala berupa ketidakmampuan memusatkan perhatian, hiperaktivitas, dan impulsivitas yang tidak sesuai dengan usia perkembangannya. Tujuan. Mengetahui perbedaan angka prevalensi dan karakteristik faktor risiko yang menimbulkan GPP/H di pedesaan dan perkotaan. Metode. Penelitian potong lintang untuk mengetahui prevalensi GPP/H dan dilanjutkan studi kasus kontrol untuk memperoleh faktor risiko yang memengaruhi terjadinya GPP/H di pedesaan dan perkotaan. Subyek penelitian terdiri dari anak SD kelas I – III. Hasil. Prevalensi GPP/H di kecamatan Cangkringan 7,48% dengan rasio prevalensi GPP/H antara laki-laki dan perempuan 6 : 1. Prevalensi di pedesaan 46% dan perkotaan 54%. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan perbedaan faktor risiko yang berpengaruh di pedesaan dan perkotaan adalah keluarga hiperaktif, komplikasi kehamilan, serta konsumsi makanan berpengawet dan berpewarna lebih tinggi di perkotaan. Sedangkan durasi interaksi dengan orang tua

Abstrak: Efek Nilai Konsumsi terhadap Niat Pembelian Kembali pada Green Product. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menerapkan teori nilai konsumsi untuk menentukan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku pilihan konsumen mengenai produk ramah lingkungan, dan meneliti pengaruh nilai-nilai konsumsi seperti nilai fungsional, nilai sosial, nilai emosional, nilai kondisional, dan nilai epistemis terhadap niat membeli kembali produk ramah lingkungan. Populasi penelitian ini adalah konsumen yang menggunakan produk ramah lingkungan yang ada di kota Surakarta. Penelitian ini mengambil sampel sebanyak 100 responden secara purposive. Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Berdasarkan data dapat diketahui bahwa nilai konsumsi yang terdiri dari nilai fungsional, nilai sosial, nilai emosional, nilai kondisional dan nilai epistemik terbukti berpengaruh positif terhadap niat pembelian kembali pada produk ramah lingkungan. Kata kunci: Produk ramah lingkungan, nilai konsumsi, sikap konsumen, niat pembelian kembali. Abstract: The Effect of Consumption Values to Repurchase Intention of Green Products. This study was aimed to apply the theory of consumption values to determine the factors affecting the behavior of consumers regarding the selection of green products, and examine the influence of consumption values such as the functional value, social value, emotional value, conditional value, and epistemic value to repurchase intention of green products. The population of this research is green product customers in Surakarta city. This research selected 100 respondents purposively. Based on the data showed that the consumption values that consist of functional value, social value, emotional value, conditional value and epistemic value had a positive effect on repurchase intention of green products. Keywords: Green product, consumption values, consumer behavior, repurchase intention.

Objective: To increase biomass and saponin production in hairy root culture of Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. (T. paniculatum) in balloon-type bubble bioreactor (BTBB). Methods: Hairy roots which were collected from leaf explants of T. paniculatum were infected by Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain LB510. The hairy roots were cultivated at 400 mL Murashige and Skoog liquid medium without growth regulator (MS0) in 1000 mL BTBB. Each BTBB had 2 g hairy roots as initial inoculum and these cultures were treated with various concentrations of sucrose (3%, 4%, 5%, 6% w/v) and potassium nitrate (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 strength of MS medium). Cultures were maintained for 14 days. Fresh and dry weights of hairy roots at the end of culture were investigated. Results: Various concentrations of sucrose influenced the biomass accumulation of hairy roots. Maximum biomass was reached by MS medium supplemented with 6% sucrose and it was approximately threefold higher than control. Culture supplemented with potassium nitrate at 2.0 strength of MS0 could increase biomass accumulation of hairy roots until 0.14 g dry weight and it was almost threefold higher than control. However, the maximum saponin content was obtained by MS medium supplemented with 5% sucrose and 2.0 strength potassium nitrate of MS. Conclusions: Based on this research, those conditions can be used to produce biomass and saponin of hairy root of T. paniculatum in the large scale.

Torrefaction, which is used to improve the properties of sugarcane bagasse as fuel in pulverised fuel combustion and as carbon feed in gasification, is a low heating rate pyrolysis of biomass carried out at a temperature of 200–300oC, at an atmospheric pressure, and in an inert environment. In the present work, sugarcane bagasse was torrefied at heating rates of 3, 6, and 10oC/minute, respectively, to achieve a final temperature of 275oC and after the final temperature was reached, hold times of 0 and 15 minutes, respectively occurred at a constant temperature of 275oC for a heating rate of 6oC/minute. The physical characteristics of torrefied sugarcane bagasse samples to be determined were a particle size distribution accomplished by grinding, hydrophobicity by allowing the samples to absorb moisture from the ambient air, and pellet hardness of the sample pellets. The torrefaction results show that increasing heating rate and hold time reduced the cellulose content of the sugarcane bagasse to as low as between 5.35% to 10.61% by weight composition, respectively. As the lignin content increased, the sample pellets resulted in better hardness in comparison to that measured on raw sugarcane bagasse. As the hemicellulose content increased, the samples, after grinding and stronger hydrophobicity, produced a higher fraction of smaller particle sizes. The maximum weight fraction of particles in these samples with sizes smaller than 105 µm achieved was 83.43% weight in contrast to 0.62% weight in raw sugarcane bagasse. The maximum water absorption by the samples in 3 hours was 1.28% weight in contrast to 8.02% weight by raw sugarcane bagasse. The results indicate that torrefaction is able to improve sugarcane bagasse physical characteristics, which are favourable for biomass pelletization, storage and transportation.