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This paper discusses scheduling characteristics unique in stacked chips [including multichip package (MCP) and multidie package (MDP)] production process such as reentrant work flow and synchronization constraint. It also proposes a modeling and analytical framework for stacked chips assembly operations, which is based on the formal framework of generalized stochastic Petri net. This approach allows the seamless integration of the logical and timed dynamics of stacked chip assembly operations in a single representation. Furthermore, the proposed framework supports the analytical representation of the stacked chips scheduling problem as a mathematical programming formulation, which can be effectively solved to optimality through enumerative techniques. The framework presentation and its capabilities are elucidated by detailed application on a small system configuration for MCP.

In this paper, we proposed a novel infrared absorbing structure for uncooled infrared detectors. The infrared absorber makes use of a quarter-wavelength structure composed of a dielectric layer, a protecting layer, an active layer, a supporting layer and a reflecting layer. Sputtered amorphous silicon is used as a dielectric layer because of its high refractive index. We fabricated the uncooled microbolometer with the proposed infrared absorbing structure by surface micromachining method. Then we characterized various bolometric properties such as thermal conductance, thermal time constant, responsivity and infrared absorptance. The fabricated bolometer showed the thermal conductance of 6.72 × 10 −7 W/K, the thermal mass of 4.43 × 10 −9 J/K, the thermal time constant of 6.6 ms and the responsivity of 7.76 × 10 3 V/W at 10 Hz chopper frequency and 9.22 μA bias current. From the results, the estimated absorptance is about 80%. We expect that the proposed absorbing structure shows high infrared absorption and high performance of uncooled microbolometer.

Structural reorganization in white matter (WM) after stroke is a potential contributor to substitute or to newly establish the functional field on the injured brain in nature. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an imaging modality that can be used to evaluate damage and recovery within the brain. This method of imaging allows for in vivo assessment of the restricted movements of water molecules in WM and provides a detailed look at structural connectivity in the brain. For longitudinal DTI studies after a stroke, the conventional region of interest method and voxel-based analysis are highly dependent on the user-hypothesis and parameter settings for implementation. In contrast, tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) allows for reliable voxel-wise analysis via the projection of diffusion-derived parameters onto an alignment-invariant WM skeleton. In this study, spatiotemporal WM changes were examined with DTI-derived parameters (fractional anisotropy, FA; mean diffusivity, MD; axial diffusivity, DA; radial diffusivity, RD) using TBSS 2 h to 6 weeks after experimental focal ischemic stroke in rats (N = 6). FA values remained unchanged 2–4 h after the stroke, followed by a continuous decrease in the ipsilesional hemisphere from 24 h to 2 weeks post-stroke and gradual recovery from the ipsilesional corpus callosum to the external capsule until 6 weeks post-stroke. In particular, the fibers in these areas were extended toward the striatum of the ischemic boundary region at 6 weeks on tractography. The alterations of the other parameters in the ipsilesional hemisphere showed patterns of a decrease at the early stage, a subsequent pseudo-normalization of MD and DA, a rapid reduction of RD, and a progressive increase in MD, DA and RD with a decreased extent in the injured area at later stages. The findings of this study may reflect the ongoing processes on tissue damage and spontaneous recovery after stroke.

Survivors from cardiorespiratory arrest may develop neurologcal complications, such as post-hypoxic myoclonus (PHM). The hronic type of PHM is known as Lance–Adams syndrome (LAS), hich begins within days to weeks following an episode of anoxia 1]. LAS is characterized by myoclonus, which is triggered by intenional action or external stimuli and relieved at resting state or leep [1]. Several investigations have been performed to determine he pathogenesis of LAS. The loss of the neurotransmitter serotonin ithin the inferior olive has been believed to be an important causal actor for LAS, and gamma-aminobutyric acid may also be involved n the genesis of LAS [2–4]. Recently, neuroimaging has been used o detail the anatomical and pathophysiological basis of LAS [2,3]. evertheless, the pathogenesis of LAS has been not determined. We encountered a patient with LAS and performed resting state unctional MRI (rs-fMRI) to investigate the pathogenesis of LAS.

A surface micromachining uncooled infrared detector with an optimized vanadium alloy oxide layer is fabricated, based on low temperature annealing of V–W alloy oxide layer. Vanadium oxide is a promising material for an uncooled bolometer, due to its high temperature coefficient of resistance at room temperature. An infrared active layer is needed to be with the reflective layer to enhance its IR absorption. Test bolometers are successfully fabricated and then are radiated by an IR laser source at various power levels with a chopper in a frequency range of 1–500 Hz. The responsivity and the noise of the test bolometer are measured and the detectivity is calculated. From the results, the calculated detectivity is 1.1 × 107 cm Hz1/2 W−1. Bolometer detectivity can be increased further if the noise in the device is reduced.

In this work, we present novel fabrication and characterization of new bolometric material with high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and low resistance for uncooled microbolometers. The new bolometric oxide thin film was fabricated based on vanadium–tungsten alloy and oxidation of the deposited alloy. The vanadium–tungsten alloy was formed by co-sputtering method and in order to improve uniformity of the film, vanadium–tungsten alloy target was used. The deposited vanadium–tungsten metal thin films with various tungsten concentrations were oxidized at 573 K for various times. Finally, for the application of the vanadium–tungsten-oxide to the microbolometer, we also performed some experiments concerning photolithography and etching. Fabricated bolometric film was resolved in water, so very thin SiNx layer, which deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition was adopted as protecting layer and we established process condition for the patterning of vanadium–tungsten-oxide. As the results, we characterized material properties and bolometric properties such as TCR and noise. And we could successfully fabricate the new bolometric material with high TCR and good noise properties. So, the performance of a microbolometer may be improved with the use of this material.

In this paper, we proposed a microbolometer coupled with 3D feed horn antenna. It is a new device that enhances the performance of the microbolometer by coupling 3D horn shape antenna. We designed the optimum horn antenna size that has 20.08 dB directivity. And we designed the microbolometer as a circular shape in order to reduce the coupling loss between the horn antenna. We confirmed that the detectivity of the designed microbolometer would be improved as the noise characteristics of the microbolometer are enhanced by coupling feed horn antenna which acts as a cold shield. The detectivity of the designed 3D antenna-coupled microbolometer was improved about seven times more than that of the conventional microbolometer in state of background limited infrared performance. Fabrications of the microbolometer are carried out by a surface micromachining method. We achieved the thermally good isolated floating structure. And the 3D feed horn antenna was constructed by using a mirror-reflected parallel beam illuminator (MRPBI) system which is invented for rotating and tilted illumination. Using this method, we acquired the feed horn shape antenna mold. And we also acquired antenna plate by using PDMS injection method. Finally, to couple the antenna and the microbolometer, we proposed the PDMS injection bonding method.

Vanadium oxide thin film is a promising material for uncooled microbolometers due to its high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) at room temperature. It is, however, very difficult to deposit vanadium oxide thin films having a high temperature coefficient of resistance and low resistance because of the process limits in microbolometer fabrication. We present a novel fabrication method for vanadium oxide thin films having good electrical properties. Through the formation of a sandwich structure of V2O5 (100 A)/V (∼80 A)/V2O5 (500 A) by a conventional sputter method and post-annealing at 300 °C in oxygen, a mixed phase of VOx is formed. The results show that the mixed phase formed by this process has a high TCR of more than −2%/°C and low resistivity of

We hypothesize that pre-existing susceptible structures in the brain may be associated with the development of newly diagnosed partial epilepsy of unknown etiology.Twenty-two patients with newly diagnosed partial epilepsy of unknown etiology and 36 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. In addition, we included 24 patients with chronic partial epilepsy of unknown etiology as a disease control group. We analyzed whole-brain T1-weighted MRIs using FreeSurfer 5.1. The volumes of the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, caudate, putamen, pallidum, brainstem, cerebellar gray and white matter, as well as cerebral gray and white matter were compared between the groups. We also analyzed the changes in brain volumes associated with the chronicity of epilepsy in the patients with chronic epilepsy compared to newly diagnosed epilepsy.The volume of cerebellar white matter in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy was significantly smaller than that which was observed in the healthy controls (p=0.0001). This finding was also observed in patients with chronic epilepsy (p0.0001). Cerebral white matter volume was negatively correlated with the duration of epilepsy (r=-0.4, p=0.04).These findings support our hypothesis that cerebellar white matter changes may constitute a pre-existing susceptible structure in the brain that is associated with the development of partial epilepsy of unknown etiology. In addition, cerebral white matter was the structure that was the most vulnerable to the progression of epilepsy.

Purpose To analyze the characteristics of neuropsychological profiles and gray matter volume in de novo, drug-naive Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI). Methods Fifty-two newly diagnosed PD patients were assessed with neuropsychological testing, and PD-MCI was defined in patients with at least one or more abnormal cognitive test domains. PD with normal cognition (PD-NC) did not meet the criteria for PD-MCI or PD with dementia. Brain MRI scans was acquired from the patients and healthy controls (HC). The imaging processing and analysis of the gray matter (GM) volume were performed platform to determine the difference between PD-MCI and PD-NC. Results There were no differences of motor subscores between PD-MCI and PD-NC. The clinical dementia rating, global deterioration scale, and verbal memory were significantly worse in PD-MCI than in PD-NC. GM volume loss was observed in the right hippocampus, right cuneus, and right precuneus in PD-NC compared to in the HC. PD-MCI had significantly decreased GM volume in the bilateral temporal and frontal areas compared with that of the HC. The GM volume was significantly decreased in the right temporal pole, left precuneus, medial frontal and posterior cingulated gyrus in PD-MCI compared with PD-NC. Conclusions Clinical dementia ratings and global deterioration scales could differentiate PD-MCI from PD-NC. Verbal memory impairment is characterized as a cognitive deficit of de novo PD-MCI and is associated with the posterior cortical area.

Head wear and head contamination of video heads is investigated in order to improve the reliability of the head/tape interface. The location of deposits and the shape of the wear scar are studied. The wear rate along the head surface is determined using the so-called "micro-indentation technique". The contact pressure is estimated using the measured area of the wear scar and an average measured contact force. AES spectra from contaminated regions of the head gap are obtained to characterize the head deposits.

This paper presents a 32x32 microbolometer thermal imaging sensor for human body temperature measurement. Waferlevel vacuum packaging technology allows us to get a low cost and compact imaging sensor chip. The microbolometer uses V-W-O film as sensing material and ROIC has been designed 0.35-um CMOS process in UMC. A thermal image of a human face and a hand using f/1 lens convinces that it has a potential of human body temperature for commercial use.

It is a matter of debate whether increased brain iron levels are the cause or only the consequence of neurodegenerative process in degenerative parkinsonism. The aim of this study is to characterize disease-related changes in volumes and iron-related R2* values of basal ganglia and thalamus. 13 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), 15 with a parkinsonian variant of multiple system atrophy (MSA-p), 29 with Parkinson’s disease (PD), and 21 age-matched controls underwent 3-Tesla MRI. The R2* values and volumes were calculated for the selected subcortical structures (caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and thalamus) using an automated region-based analysis. Voxel-based analysis was also performed to visualize a topographical correlation of R2* value and volume. The PSP group had significantly higher R2* values in globus pallidus and caudate nucleus (p < 0.05), whereas the MSA-p group had higher R2* values in putamen (p < 0.001) than PD and controls. The globus pallidus in PSP and the putamen in MSA-p were the most significant areas of atrophy to differentiate PSP, MSA-p and PD (AUC = 0.856, 0.832, respectively, p < 0.001). The R2* values in both structures increased in parallel with the extent of atrophy. They were negatively correlated with volumes in putamen (r = −0.777, p < 0.001) and globus pallidus (r = −0.409, p = 0.025) of MSA-p, and globus pallidus (r = −0.4, p = 0.043) of PSP. Voxel-based analysis identified higher R2* values in more severely atrophic sub-regions in these structures. We observed topographical differences of iron deposition as well as atrophy between MSA-p and PSP. Increased iron levels were related to the structural atrophy in basal ganglia. Our results imply that iron accumulation is likely an epiphenomenon of the degenerative process.

In this study, we researched the emission source category and it was calculated emissions estimates from existing research or literature review related to port. In addition, we have created the basis for a policy that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions calculation based on the results of the harbor. Greenhouse gas emissions estimation results, we proposed a method for allocating the GIS space. In this study, we confirmed based on the calculated greenhouse gas emissions by sources resulting in the GIS Map Port result of the expression construct for space allocation. Based on these results, it tries to provide the basic data that can be used when you want to create a local government measures to reduce scenario in the future.

Signal abnormalities of cortical gray matter, compared with the deep nuclear structures, have received less attention in Wilson's disease (WD). They nearly always accompanied white matter signal change, and commonly are associated with epilepsy and psychiatric features. We report herein two cases diagnosed as WD who, in addition to characteristic deep nuclear lesions on MR imaging, had widespread cerebral cortical paramagnetic signals dramatically detected by susceptibility-weighted imaging. T2-weighted MR images did not show any cortico-subcortical hyperintense lesions. To our knowledge, these findings have not been described before and may help to further characterize the disease.

This research investigates the problem of minimizing setup costs in resequencing jobs having first-in, first-out (FIFO) constraints conveyorized production or assembly systems. Sequence changing at conveyor junctions (with or without off-line buffers) in these systems is limited due to FIFO restriction. We first define the general problem of resequencing jobs to workstations satisfying precedence relationships between jobs (generalized sequential ordering problem, GSOP). Then we limit our scope to FIFO precedence relationships which is the conveyor selection problem at a diverging junction (diverging sequential ordering problem, DSOP), modeling it as a 0–1 integer program. With load balancing constraints removed, we show that the problem can be modeled as an assignment problem. We also define buffered sequential ordering problem (BSOP) as resequencing problem at a junction point of an off-line buffer, modeling it as a mixed integer program and propose a simple rule-based heuristic. Finally, we discuss the case study which motivated this research, details of the discrete event simulation model we developed, and numerical results.

Corrigendum to “Evaluation of brain iron content in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging” [Parkinsonism Relat Disorder 20 (2014) 776e778] Jae-Hyeok Lee a, , Yong-Hee Han , Jae-Wook Cho , Jin-Seong Lee , Sang-Jae Lee , Dae-Jin Kim , Tae-Hyoung Kim , Bok-Man Kang , Tae-Hyung Kim , Chi-Woong Mun b a Department of Neurology, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea b Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea c Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea d School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea

In this work, high-performance uncooled microbolometer was fabricated by using vanadium tungsten oxide as a infrared-sensitive material and its bolometric properties was characterized. As a bolometric material, the optimized V0.95W0.05Ox thin film has a high TCR value over - 3.0%/K and low noise properties compared with VOx thin film. The fabricated V0.95W0.05Ox-based microbolometer was vacuum-packaged and equipped with thermal electric cooler for the measurement of bolometric properties. The TCR value of the fabricated device was -3.49%/K at room temperature resistance of 71 kOmega and the measured thermal conductance was 6.1times10-7 W/K. Finally, we obtained high responsivity over 1.8times104 W/K and high detectivity over 1.3times109 cmHzfrac12/W at a chopper frequency of 10 Hz and a bias current of 7.4 muA

We propose a versatile infrared (IR) absorbing structure for uncooled infrared detectors. We have designed an infrared absorber consisting of five thin film layers (dielectric layer/protection layer/active layer/supporting layer/reflecting layer) that produce a quarter-wavelength resonance condition. It has excellent thermal properties, which are not influenced by the deformation of the thermal isolation structure. We fabricated a microbolometer with the proposed IR absorption structure by a surface micromachining technology. We estimated an IR absorptance of 80%. This IR absorption structure can be applied to both surface micromachining and bulk micromachining.

Purpose: This study was done to analyze the relationship between organizational communication satisfaction and organizational commitment among hospital nurses. Method: A survey was conducted with 647 nurses who were working in 24 hospitals in Korea. Data were collected during August 2010. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression. Results: The mean level of organizational communication satisfaction was 3.15 (min 1.88 -max 4.88) and the mean level of organizational commitment was 3.21 (min 1.33 - max 4.83). There was a statistically signifi cant correlation between organizational communication satisfaction and organizational commitment (r=. 655). According to analysis of the impact of the subconstructions of organizational communication satisfaction on organizational commitment, the following factors had significant influence on organizational communication satisfaction: vertical communication, communication media, and organizational climate. Conclusion: These findings showed that communication satisfaction was the most important factor for nurses' organizational commitment. Therefore, there is a need to develop communication strategies and skills for hospital nurses to increase the level of communication satisfaction.

Purpose : The aim of this study is to measure the typical MR variables such as - and -relaxation times according to morphological characteristics of gold nanopartides as a preliminary study to perform theragnosis using local heating by gold nanopartides. Materials and Methods : Two types of gold nanoparticles were used. Spheres were synthesized by various methods and stirring speed. Rods were synthesized by adding various concentrations of sphere nanopartides. Gold nanopartides were mixed with 2% agarose gel at 1:1 ratio and then signals were acquired using a 1.5T MRI. For the measurements of -and -relaxation times, TR and TE were varied, respectively. The results were acquired through and curves based on the intensities of MR image using self-developed software. And Statistical analysis was performed. Results : times were measured 1.86 sec and 2.08 sec for sphere and rod, respectively. On the other hands, times were measured 57 ms and 35.45 ms for sphere and rod. Conclusion : The changes of the MR variables according to the morphological characteristics of the gold nanopartides were confirmed. Optimal MR imaging conditions can be obtained by choosing proper TR and TE according to the type of nanoparticles.

Purpose: This study was designed to examine the effects of a weight control program on body weight and the sense of efficacy for control of dietary behavior in psychiatric inpatients. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used. Data were collected from March 1 to September 30, 2007. Female mentally ill patients in closing psychiatry ward of H University Hospital participated in the study (16 persons in the experimental group and 13 in the control group). Results: The weight control program including diet therapy, exercise, education and behavior modification therapy decreased the rate of weight gain in female mentally ill patients taking atypical antipsychotics, and effectively increased a sense of efficacy for control of dietary behavior. Conclusion: Weight control program had a positive effect as a nursing intervention to decrease obesity and to increase the sense of efficacy for control of dietary behavior of psychiatric inpatients in psychiatric inpatients.

To produce a highly sensitive uncooled microbolometer, the development of a high-performance thermometric material is essential. In this work, amorphous vanadium–tungsten oxide was developed as a thermometric material at a low temperature of 300°C, and the microbolometer, coupled with the material, was designed and fabricated using surface micromachining technology. The vanadium–tungsten oxide showed good properties for application to the microbolometer, such as a high-temperature coefficient of resistance of over −4.0%∕K and good compatibility with the surface micromachining and integrated circuit fabrication process due to its low fabrication temperature. As a result, the uncooled microbolometer could be fabricated with high detectivity over 1.0×109cmHz1∕2∕W at a bias current of 7.5μA and a chopper frequency of 10–20Hz.

A three-dimensional feed-horn antenna for the 10-microm-wavelength infrared region has been suggested, characterized, and fabricated. It is applied to an infrared detector for efficient collection of infrared radiation and to reduce background noise. The optimum size of the horn antenna was designed for maximum antenna directivity. The three-dimensional feed-horn antenna mold was fabricated by rotating and tilting illumination, whereas the antenna plate was acquired through electroplating. Antenna characteristics were measured by coupling of the antenna with a microbolometer. Measurement results show that the directivity of the antenna is 16.1 dB and the background noise is reduced by a factor of approximately 2 compared with an open-structure infrared detector.

Multilayer VOx films are reported to improve the infrared (IR) detecting characteristics for application as an IR active layer in a microbolometer. Multilayer VOx films formed from the V2O5/V/V2O5 thin film structure showed some advantages in electrical property control and more effective formation of typically unstable vanadium oxide phases. These phases are difficult to achieve by single-layer VOx film fabrication with conventional reactive sputtering. Multilayer VOx films were fabricated by low temperature oxygen annealing at 300 °C after the alternating deposition of stable V and V2O5 layer using rf sputtering. The electrical measurement and microstructural analysis of annealed films were performed to evaluate the advantage of multilayer VOx film fabrication. Owing to the well-controlled mixed phase formation, including V2O3, VO2, and V2O5 in the annealed V2O5/V/V2O5 multilayer film, the temperature coefficient of resistance value and resistivity of the new multilayer VOx film could be increased up to...