Search

In recent years, detecting buried depth of optical fiber submarine cables is a difficult problem for the building and the maintenance of optical fiber submarine cable communication system. Based on magnetism detection method, this paper establishes the basic model of buried depth detection and designs the biorthogonal-coil depth detection method. The characteristic of the biorthogonal-coil depth detection method is that it is guaranteed that the detection signal obtains the maximum value in spite of the orientation of coils as long as the coil array is above the optical fiber submarine cable and root-mean-square value of the two coils from each group is calculated. The correctness and feasibility of the basic model and the biorthogonal coils model are validated by the experiments.

An approach is developed to retrieve the complex index of refraction by coupling two well known instruments: an aerodynamic particle size spectrometer (APS) probe for measuring aerosol size distributions and an integrating nephelometer for measuring total light scattering coefficients. The retrieval is realized by an iterative least squares minimization of the fractional error between the nephelometer-measured light scattering coefficients and those calculated from the APS-measured size distributions based on the Mie theory for spherical particles. High-resolution data collected during two field experiments conducted at two locations with distinct environments in China are analyzed. The results show that light scattering coefficients, aerosol size distributions, and refractive indices all vary substantially with time. Further examination of their dependence on relative humidity suggests that instead of being monotonic change with relative humidity, the refractive index often fluctuates when the relative humidity changes. This nonmonotonic variation of refractive index with relative index suggests concurrent change of relative humidity and other chemical compositions. Possible errors in the retrieval are also discussed.

In the present paper, based on the exponential attenuation of atmospheric aerosol concentration with height, so using continuous spectrum sun-photometer, forward scatter visibility sensor and hygrothermograph, the authors measured the atmosphere column optical characteristic and plane spectral extinction coefficient on earth on the base of two experiments at some edge of ocean at the same time, respectively, set up the calculative method of multi-wavelength spectral aerosol scale height. Firstly, the authors obtained atmospheric horizontal extinction coefficient with forward scattering visibility sensor, which subtracted molecular extinction coefficient, and could get aerosol extinction coefficient near ground; Then, selecting sea salt model, using OPAC software, the authors also could calculate the aerosol extinction coefficient under different humidity (0%, 50%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98% and 99%) and different wavelength (400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700 and 750 nm), the aerosol extinction coefficient was detected by visibility sensor, using interpolation method, respectively; Finally, using the data of atmospheric columniation optical thickness detected by continuous spectral sun-photometer and subtracted molecular optical thickness corresponding wavelengths were accounted out by Modtran 4. 0. The authors obtained the characteristic of spectral aerosol scale height of visible light (wavelength is 400, 440, 532, 550 and 690 nm): with wavelength increments, and spectral aerosol scale height was found to decline neither in inland nor in inshore in China; Spectral aerosol scale height in winter is higher than in summer in southeast inshore; but spectral aerosol scale height in winter is smaller in summer than in inland.

In this paper, the periodic all dielectric multilayers of high reflection phase retarders are designed. And the software of Tfcalc has been used to optimized for the design that produces a 900phase shift between the p- and s- polarization components at the incidence angle of 540 and at the wavelength of 1315 nm while maintaining high reflectivity (>99.90%) for both components. A tolerance analysis indicates that the coating layers must be deposited within ±14% to achieve a 90± iO° phase shift error.

Airglow measurement is an important method of studying the dynamic processes in the upper atmosphere. In this paper, we will provide a brief review for airglow measuring methods of atmospheric wind, temperature and short-period wave process in the thermosphere and mesopause region. First, we give the measuring principles, application and major measured result of Fabry-Perot optical interferometer used to the measurement of atmospheric wind and temperature. Then, airglow measurements in the mesopause region are discussed, and a brief description of the tilting-filter photometer developed by CSSAR is given. Finally we will give an introduction on the future plane of upper atmospheric optical measurements in China.

In this paper, we discuss the method of spectrum deconvolution and its application in the atmospheric remote sensing. This paper consists of three respects of content. First, we discuss the influence of the spectrum resolution of the instrument on the atmospheric remote sensing detectable height. In the second part of this paper, we discuss the deconvolution method of the atmospheric absorption spectra and its ability of spectrum resolution enhancement. Finally, we will discus the application of the atmospheric spectrum deconvolution method in the ground-based atmospheric remote sensing. Two methods of the atmospheric inversion that use the atmospheric spectrum deconvolution method to increase the resolution of observed spectrum will be presented. One is the effective instrument function method. Another is the circulation method of ground-based atmospheric remote sensing inversion. The study indicated that the spectrum deconvolution method can be used to increase the detectable altitude of the ground-based atmospheric remote sensing.

A 37 element adaptive optics system has been built in the Institute of Optics and Electronics for experimental research of atmospheric effect compensation. In this system a 37 subaperture Shack-Hartmann sensor with frame rate 380 Hz is used as wavefront sensor, a 37/55 element deformable mirror and a fast steering mirror as wavefront correctors, a digital signal processor with peak operation speed 100 Mops as wavefront processor and controller, and 39 channels of high voltage amplifier for controlling the wavefront correctors. This system has been integrated with a turbulence cell developed by the Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics and experiments for compensating for wavefront errors induced by the turbulence of the cell with different strength have been conducted. Another Shack- Hartmann wavefront sensor is used for measuring the strength of turbulence. The integrated probability density functions of both the coherence length r 0 and the Strehl ratio of S of the focused spot are used to describe the strength of turbulence and the sharpness of focused spots with and without correction. In this paper the adaptive optics system and the experimental results are briefly reported.

The ever increasing numbers of EFL learners adds greater urgency to the need to prioritize the most effective means by which language proficiency can be enhanced; developing language skills through games being one such method. This study examines the overall effects of using games on the improvement of young children’s English proficiency in relation to the following criteria: motivation; vocabulary acquisition; and anxiety due to peer pressure. The overarching aim of the research is to investigate the relationship between the usage of games and students’ English proficiency. In this study, the subjects numbered 50 grade-six EFL students from one elementary school. By applying quantitative and qualitative research methods, the major findings demonstrate that students evidenced significant improvements in their learning motivation and vocabulary acquisition, and that their anxiety levels due to peer pressure were reduced when learning included games. Other findings reveal that there is a significant relationship/difference in the utilization of games and students’ English performance, most notably with regards to proficiency levels. The various implications for pedagogical application of gaming components in regards to enhancing young learners’ English performance and attitudes are also presented. Keywords: Motivation; vocabulary acquisition; anxiety; games; English proficiency

Background RABEX-5, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RAB-5, plays an important role in cell mobility and altered expression associated with tumor metastasis. This study aimed to investigate the role of RABEX-5 in proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer in vitro and ex vivo. Methods RABEX-5 expression was examined in breast cancer, benign tumor and normal breast tissues by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Two stable cell lines were established, the MCF-7/NC negative control cell line and the MCF-7/KD cell line, which stably expressed an RNA interference (RNAi) construct that induced downregulation of RABEX-5 expression. These cell lines were utilized to evaluate the role of RABEX-5 in cell proliferation and migration in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. The possible role of RABEX-5 in the regulation of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) was evaluated using western blot and real-time PCR. Results RABEX-5 expression was found to be significantly higher in breast cancer tissues compared with benign tumor and normal breast tissues. High levels of RABEX-5 expression were associated with axillary lymph node metastasis. In addition, RABEX-5 silencing significantly reduced cancer cell proliferation, colony formation and migration ability in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. RABEX −5 knockdown also attenuated the migration of breast cancer cells via modulation of MMP-9 transcriptional activity. Conclusions Our results indicate that RABEX-5 plays an oncogenic role in breast cancer by modulating the proliferation and metastasis potential of breast cancer cells. Thus, RABEX-5 is a promising prognostic indicator for patients with breast cancer.