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51. Nuclear Dependence of the Transverse-Single-Spin Asymmetry for Forward Neutron Production in Polarized p+A Collisions at sNN=200 GeV

Author

K. Lovasz, Y. J. Kwon, H. Nakagomi, T. Hoshino, D. Richford, A. S. Safonov, Z. Rowan, M. Mendoza, Alexander Milov, Senta Greene, Yoshifumi Ueda, J. H. Do, C. L. Towell, C. Ayuso, N. Vukman, A. Takeda, B. Fadem, E. O'Brien, R. A. Soltz, E. O. Lallow, F. Giordano, D. P. Morrison, David Olle Rickard Silvermyr, X. Jiang, Z. Ji, Y. Watanabe, D. Yu Peressounko, A. Sukhanov, K. Kurita, M. Rosati, Hari Guragain, Takafumi Niida, J. Huang, D. Kawall, A. Sen, Tamás Csörgő, M. Finger, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, R. S. Hollis, J. E. Frantz, Y. Riabov, C. L. Silva, Prakhar Garg, S. Park, J. Murata, S. Kudo, J. Bryslawskyj, D. Reynolds, A. V. Kazantsev, Kenta Shigaki, R. Cervantes, D. E. Fields, Y. I. Makdisi, J. D. Osborn, Inseok Yoon, B. V. Jacak, Viktor Riabov, Xiong Wang, I. Shein, A. S. Nyanin, K. A. Drees, K. Tanida, K. Sedgwick, V. Bumazhnov, Xiao-yan Li, Rachid Nouicer, A. N. Zelenski, J. H. Kang, Prashant Shukla, Dmitry Blau, M. Boer, I. Tserruya, J. S. Haggerty, Mihael Makek, A. Deshpande, J. Hanks, H. Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Sako, T. Novák, N. Feege, M. Jezghani, S. Campbell, S. F. Pate, Sándor Lökös, C. L. Woody, A. Berdnikov, Radek Novotny, A. Pun, M. S. Daugherity, V. Singh, H. En'yo, M. J. Leitch, B. Azmoun, K. N. Barish, M. J. Tannenbaum, Y. H. Leung, B. M. Johnson, T. Koblesky, J. Klatsky, C. P. Singh, K. L. Smith, E. J. Desmond, S. Syed, J. D. Orjuela Koop, Y. Fukuda, S. Zharko, R. Petti, N. A. Lewis, A. Bagoly, D. Ivanishchev, Kenichi Imai, D. V. Perepelitsa, V. Papavassiliou, V. Pantuev, Petr Gallus, T. O. S. Haseler, T. Hachiya, T. Nagashima, C. E. Perezlara, T. Murakami, P. V. Radzevich, G. David, A. Taranenko, Serpil Yalcin, E. J. Mannel, T. Rinn, I. Nakagawa, A. Enokizono, B. K. Schmoll, Jaehyeok Yoo, G. D. N. Perera, P. Kline, A. Dion, S. Esumi, I. V. Sourikova, V. Jorjadze, Mikhail Malaev, E. Kistenev, Brajesh K. Singh, G. J. Ottino, Kyoichiro Ozawa, Eunja Kim, C. P. Wong, L. D. Liu, Keiji Nagai, Alice Mignerey, J. Sziklai, S. I. Morrow, Hideki Hamagaki, W. Fan, M. Connors, C. Pinkenburg, S. P. Sorensen, S. Miyasaka, K. I. Hahn, A. Franz, M. Beaumier, J. Runchey, W. A. Zajc, L. Xue, C. Gal, K. Dehmelt, M. L. Brooks, V. Babintsev, A. Durum, Balazs Ujvari, P. L. McGaughey, Takao Sakaguchi, Julia Velkovska, A. Denisov, N. Cronin, G. Tarnai, Y. L. Yamaguchi, A. D. Frawley, Sergey Fokin, I. E. Yushmanov, C. Xu, M. Tomášek, W. Peng, S. Tarafdar, J. G. Lajoie, S. Huang, M. Alfred, Michael William Phipps, M. Slunecka, R. Belmont, D. E. Mihalik, P. W. Stankus, R. Seidl, L. Zou, N. S. Bandara, Wesley James Metzger, M. Snowball, C. Butler, Martin Purschke, Byung-Sik Hong, Chong Kim, A. Bazilevsky, Minghui Liu, C. A. Aidala, D. Sharma, J. Sun, Jennifer E. Perry, H. F. Hamilton, A. Sexton, Alexei Khanzadeev, I. J. Choi, M. J. Skoby, Y. Ito, Kenneth Francis Read, Alexandre Lebedev, R. Seto, Vladimir Samsonov, T. Shioya, Christine Nattrass, P. Montuenga, T. W. Danley, V. Andrieux, V. Khachatryan, Anne Marie Sickles, N. Grau, B. Schaefer, J. S. Bok, Koji Sato, J. B. Choi, X. He, R. S. Towell, M. I. Nagy, T. Todoroki, Dipak Kumar Mishra, Shih-Chang Lee, D. Kapukchyan, D. McGlinchey, H. Yu, T. Sumita, C. Y. Chi, Yasutada Akiba, T. Majoros, Min-Hye Kim, J. L. Nagle, Mirta Dumancic, T. A. Shibata, D. Isenhower, T. Moon, M. Sarsour, A. Iordanova, S. Y. Han, H. Masuda, Kensuke Homma, D. J. Kim, N. Novitzky, R. P. Pisani, M. McCumber, V. R. Loggins, J. T. Mitchell, Kei Nagashima, Motoi Inaba, V. Canoa Roman, N. Hotvedt, J. Imrek, Vladislav Manko, Raphael Noel Tieulent, Susumu Sato, H. Asano, P. Yin, Jong-Min Park, Taku Gunji, A. Timilsina, M. Patel, D. Lynch, S. Hasegawa, M. Virius, S. D. Rolnick, D. Dixit, Agneta Oskarsson, D. Kincses, John Matthew Durham, Y. Berdnikov, C. McKinney, Vaclav Vrba, K. Hill, S. Bathe, M. Chiu, C. A. Ogilvie, T. K. Hemmick, K. DeBlasio, S. Vazquez-Carson, S. Karthas, D. Kotov, D. S. Jumper, M. Csanad, S. Mizuno, S. P. Stoll, Y. Goto, K. Aoki, H. W. Van Hecke, D. Jouan, N. Apadula, A. Drees, Moonhee Kim, Zvi Hirsh Citron, H. Ge, K. Nakano, W. E. Sondheim, Z. Wang, T. Elder, Qiao Xu, S. H. Lim, A. Yanovich, John Hill, Toru Sugitate, M. Grosse Perdekamp, and G. Mitsuka

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, media_common.quotation_subject, General Physics and Astronomy, Absolute value, 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, Spin-½, media_common
Abstract

During 2015, the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) provided collisions of transversely polarized protons with Au and Al nuclei for the first time, enabling the exploration of transverse-single-spin asymmetries with heavy nuclei. Large single-spin asymmetries in very forward neutron production have been previously observed in transversely polarized p+p collisions at RHIC, and the existing theoretical framework that was successful in describing the single-spin asymmetry in p+p collisions predicts only a moderate atomic-mass-number (A) dependence. In contrast, the asymmetries observed at RHIC in p+A collisions showed a surprisingly strong A dependence in inclusive forward neutron production. The observed asymmetry in p+Al collisions is much smaller, while the asymmetry in p+Au collisions is a factor of 3 larger in absolute value and of opposite sign. The interplay of different neutron production mechanisms is discussed as a possible explanation of the observed A dependence.

Published
2018

52. Luminal Chemosensing and Mucosal Defenses in the Upper GI Tract

Author

Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Hyder Said, and Yasutada Akiba

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Chemistry, Enteroendocrine cell, Cell biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Transient receptor potential channel, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Taste receptor, Duodenum, medicine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Receptor, Cholecystokinin, Hormone, G protein-coupled receptor
Abstract

Recent discoveries of taste receptors in the lingual taste buds and the de-orphanization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including nutrient receptors and olfactory receptors, in addition to the previously cloned ligand-gated cation channels such as the transient receptor potential (TRP) families and acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), provide an understanding of luminal chemosensing in that most nutrient or nonnutrient chemical substances are sensed by membrane surface receptors or channels on the GI epithelium or on the surface subepithelial afferent nerves. Furthermore, recent technological advances have facilitated the purification of specific enteroendocrine cell types in which a fluorescent protein-tagged target hormone is expressed, including proglucagon-expressing L cells and cholecystokinin (CCK)-expressing I cells, enabling access to chemosensors that trigger the release of corresponding gut hormones. Our laboratory has studied mucosal defense mechanisms in the upper GI tract, especially in the duodenum, where the mucosa is regularly exposed to H+/CO2, bile acids, and nutrients originating from endogenous secretions and from ingested foodstuffs. The presence of physiological responses to luminal chemical substances implies that one of the physiological functions of luminal chemosensing is to initiate postprandial responses. Due to their location caudad to the stomach and the most proximal intestinal segment, the abundant expression of gut hormones and the close communication with the stomach and pancreas, the duodenum appears to be a master control center for postprandial chemosensory pathways in the upper GI tract. In this chapter, we will show how the duodenal mucosa senses luminal chemical substances under physiological conditions, focusing on nutrient sensors. Understanding how the GI mucosa “tastes” luminal chemical substances may help identify novel molecular targets in the treatment of mucosal injury, nutrient metabolism, and functional disorders.

Published
2018

53. Contributors

Author

Yasutada Akiba, Denise Al Alam, Rana Al-Sadi, Qasim Aziz, Eric J. Battaglioli, Adil E. Bharucha, Richard S. Blumberg, Natacha Bohin, Joel C. Bornstein, Stuart M. Brierley, Simon J.H. Brookes, Joel Castro, Eugene B. Chang, Benoit Chassaing, Mary Cheung, Matthew A. Ciorba, Sheila E. Crowe, Michael Czerwinski, Soula Danopoulos, Soumita Das, Peter J. Dempsey, Gerco den Hartog, Hideki Enomoto, Andelain Erickson, Peter B. Ernst, Adam D. Farmer, Jaime P.P. Foong, Mark R. Frey, Andrew T. Gewirtz, Fayez K. Ghishan, Fiona M. Gribble, Luke Grundy, Marlene M. Hao, Andrea M. Harrington, Grant W. Hennig, Hongzhen Hu, Jan D. Huizinga, Shankar S. Iyer, Izumi Kaji, Purna C. Kashyap, Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Jennifer S. Labus, Brigitte Lavoie, Cambrian Y. Liu, Thomas Y. Ma, Xiaoya Ma, Gary M. Mawe, Juanita L. Merchant, Jeannette S. Messer, Larry Miller, Bruce D. Naliboff, Mark T. Nelson, Donald F. Newgreen, Prashant Nighot, Monica Passi, D. Brent Polk, Maria J. Pozo, Frank Reimann, Geoffrey P. Roberts, Bani C. Roland, James K. Ruffle, Hyder Said, Linda C. Samuelson, Michael A. Schumacher, Yatrik M. Shah, Terez Shea-Donohue, Noah F. Shroyer, Jason R. Spence, Nick J. Spencer, Stephanie N. Spohn, Lincon A. Stamp, William F. Stenson, Miyako Takaki, Kirsten Tillisch, Toshihiro Uesaka, Gijs R. van den Brink, Willemijn A. van Dop, Anil Vegesna, Jakob von Moltke, Arnold Wald, B. Florien Westendorp, Mathew Whitson, Jackie D. Wood, Hua Xu, Vincent W. Yang, Heather M. Young, Vincent B. Young, Nada A. Abumrad, Waddah A. Alrefai, Rana Ammoury, Gregory J. Anderson, Shinji Asano, Giorgos Bamias, Yangzom D. Bhutia, Niviann M. Blondet, Patrick Borel, Vincenza Cifarelli, James F. Collins, Robert J. Cousins, Nicholas O. Davidson, Paul A. Dawson, Guillaume de Lartigue, Charles Desmarchelier, Pradeep K. Dudeja, Shireen R.L. Flores, Vadivel Ganapathy, Chiara Ghezzi, Ravinder K. Gill, Fred S. Gorelick, Matthew B. Grisham, Earl H. Harrison, Gail A. Hecht, Dawn A. Israel, James D. Jamieson, Bryson W. Katona, Pawel R. Kiela, Rachel E. Kopec, Kris V. Kowdley, Nicholas F. LaRusso, Seong M. Lee, Rodger A. Liddle, Juan P. Liuzzi, Donald D.F. Loo, John P. Lynch, Anatoliy I. Masyuk, Tatyana V. Masyuk, Donald J. Messner, Mark B. Meyer, Karen F. Murray, Ebba Nexo, Curtis T. Okamoto, Bernardo Ortega, Stephen Pandol, Richard M. Peek, J. Wesley Pike, Shubha Priyamvada, Gordon B. Proctor, Vazhaikkurichi M. Rajendran, Helen E. Raybould, Jesus Rivera-Nieves, Hamid M. Said, Hideki Sakai, Seema Saksena, Monica Sala-Rabanal, Jörg-Dieter Schulzke, Ursula E. Seidler, Abeer K. Shaalan, Irshad A. Sheikh, Jay R. Thiagarajah, Alan S. Verkman, Xiaoyu Wang, Paul A. Welling, Allan W. Wolkoff, and Ernest M. Wright

Published
2018

54. Gut Microbiota-Produced Tryptamine Activates an Epithelial G-Protein-Coupled Receptor to Increase Colonic Secretion

Author

Brianna B. Williams, Eric J. Battaglioli, Yogesh Bhattarai, David R. Linden, Justin L. Sonnenburg, Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Yasutada Akiba, Madhusudan Grover, Purna C. Kashyap, Weston R. Whitaker, Michael A. Fischbach, Karunya K. Kandimalla, Lisa Till, Gianrico Farrugia, and Nicholas C. Zachos

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Tryptamine, microbiome, 5-HT4, 129 Strain, Gut flora, Oral and gastrointestinal, Epithelium, chemistry.chemical_compound, Feces, Mice, genetically engineered, Cell Movement, Receptors, Receptor, Mice, Knockout, biology, Microbiota, Tryptamines, Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms, secretion, motility, Medical Microbiology, GI transit, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Signal Transduction, Serotonin, Mice, 129 Strain, Colon, Knockout, Immunology, Primary Cell Culture, Motility, Microbiology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, Virology, IBS, Animals, Humans, Secretion, tryptophan, G protein-coupled receptor, Bacteria, Intestinal Secretions, constipation, biology.organism_classification, phage promoter, Molecular biology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, 030104 developmental biology, Monoamine neurotransmitter, chemistry, Parasitology, Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT4, Digestive Diseases, Digestive System
Abstract

Tryptamine, a tryptophan-derived monoamine similar to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is produced by gut bacteria and is abundant in human and rodent feces. However, the physiologic effect of tryptamine in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract remains unknown. Here, we show that the biological effects of tryptamine are mediated through 5-HT(4) receptor (5-HT(4)R), a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) uniquely expressed in the colonic epithelium. Tryptamine increases ionic flux across the colonic epithelium and increases fluid secretion in colonoids from germ free (GF) and humanized (ex-GF colonized with human stool) mice consistent with increased intestinal secretion. The secretory effect of tryptamine is dependent on 5-HT(4)R activation and is blocked by 5-HT(4)R antagonist and absent in 5-HT(4)R(−/−) mice. GF mice colonized by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron engineered to produce tryptamine exhibit accelerated gastrointestinal transit. Our study demonstrates an aspect of host physiology under control of a bacterial metabolite that can be exploited as a therapeutic modality.

Published
2017

55. Luminal 5-HT stimulates colonic bicarbonate secretion in rats

Author

Hamid M. Said, Izumi Kaji, Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Yasutada Akiba, and Kazuyuki Narimatsu

Subjects
Pharmacology, medicine.medical_specialty, Biology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Monoamine neurotransmitter, chemistry, In vivo, Internal medicine, Submucosa, medicine, Tetrodotoxin, Secretion, Serotonin, Receptor, Secretory pathway
Abstract

Background and Purpose The bioactive monoamine 5-HT, implicated in the pathogenesis of functional gastrointestinal disorders, is abundantly synthesized and stored in rat proximal colonic mucosa and released to the gut lumen and subepithelial space. Despite much data regarding its expression and function, the effects of luminal 5-HT on colonic anion secretion have not been fully investigated. Experimental Approach We measured short-circuit current (Isc) as an indicator of ion transport in mucosa-submucosa or mucosa-only preparations of rat proximal colon. Total CO2 output was measured in vitro and in vivo. Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate the localization of 5-HT4, NOS1 and NOS2. Key Results Luminal 5-HT gradually increased the amplitude and sustained the elevation of Isc. Luminal 5-HT-evoked ΔIsc was acetazolamide sensitive and HCO3− dependent, consistent with cytosolic carbonic anhydrase-dependent electrogenic HCO3− secretion, while not affected by tetrodotoxin (TTX), atropine or indomethacin. Pretreatment with the selective 5-HT4 antagonist GR113808, but not antagonists for 5-HT3, 5-HT6 or 5-HT7, inhibited luminal 5-HT-evoked ΔIsc. Furthermore, luminal cisapride and tegaserod increased Isc to the same extent as did 5-HT in the presence of indomethacin and TTX. Removal of the submucosa or pretreatment with NOS inhibitors enhanced luminal 5-HT-evoked ΔIsc, suggesting that NO synthesized in the submucosa suppresses mucosal anion secretion. NOS1 and NOS2 were immunostained in the submucosal neurons and glial cells respectively. Luminal 5-HT-evoked HCO3− secretion was confirmed in vivo, inhibited by co-perfusion of GR113808, but not by ondansetron. Conclusions and Implications A novel apical 5-HT4-mediated HCO3− secretory pathway and an NO-dependent inhibitory mechanism are present in the proximal colon. Luminal 5-HT-evoked HCO3− secretion may be important for the maintenance of mucosal integrity by regulating luminal pH.

Published
2015

56. The effects of a TGR5 agonist and a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice

Author

Kaori Fujiwara, Takanori Kuramoto, Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Naoki Yorifuji, Toshihisa Takeuchi, Taisuke Sakanaka, Munetaka Iguchi, Kazuhide Higuchi, Kumi Ishida, Sadaharu Nouda, Kazuki Kakimoto, Takuya Inoue, Eiji Umegaki, Toshihiko Okada, Yosuke Abe, Yasutada Akiba, and Ken Narabayashi

Subjects
Agonist, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Hepatology, business.industry, medicine.drug_class, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Gastroenterology, Enteroendocrine cell, medicine.disease, Glucagon-like peptide-2, G protein-coupled bile acid receptor, Dipeptidyl peptidase, Sitagliptin Phosphate, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Medicine, Colitis, business, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4
Abstract

Background and Aim Luminal nutrients stimulate enteroendocrine L cells to release gut hormones, including intestinotrophic glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2). Because L cells express the bile acid receptor TGR5 and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPPIV) rapidly degrades GLPs, we hypothesized that luminal TGR5 activation may attenuate intestinal injury via GLP-2 release, which is enhanced by DPPIV inhibition.

Published
2015

57. SCFA transport in rat duodenum

Author

Izumi Kaji, Toshihiko Iwanaga, Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Eli Engel, Masahiko Watanabe, Paul H. Guth, and Yasutada Akiba

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Duodenum, Physiology, Sodium, chemistry.chemical_element, Biology, digestive system, Intestinal absorption, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Intestinal mucosa, Mucosal Biology, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Ingestion, Rat Duodenum, Intestinal Mucosa, Monocarboxylate transporter, Hepatology, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Short-chain fatty acid, Gastroenterology, Biological Transport, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Intestinal Absorption, chemistry, Models, Animal, biology.protein, Propionates
Abstract

Bacterial or ingested food-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are present in the duodenal lumen. Acetate, the most abundant SCFA in the foregut lumen, is absorbed immediately after ingestion, although the mechanism by which this absorption occurs is not fully understood. We investigated the distribution and function of candidate SCFA transporters in rat duodenum. The Na+-coupled monocarboxylate transporter-1 (SMCT1) was localized to the brush border, whereas the pH-dependent monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 1 and MCT4 were localized to the duodenocyte basolateral membrane. In Ussing chambered duodenal mucosa, luminal acetate dose-dependently increased short-circuit current ( Isc) in the presence of serosal bumetanide and indomethacin by a luminal Na+-dependent, ouabain-sensitive mechanism. The Isc response was inhibited dose-dependently by the SMCT1 nonsubstrate inhibitor ibuprofen, consistent with net electrogenic absorption of acetate via SMCT1. Other SCFAs and lactate also increased Isc. Furthermore, duodenal loop perfusion of acetate increased portal venous acetate concentration, inhibited by coperfusion of ibuprofen or a MCT inhibitor. Luminal acetate perfusion increased duodenal HCO3− secretion via capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerve activation and cyclooxygenase activity, consistent with absorption-mediated HCO3− secretion. These results suggest that absorption of luminal SCFA via SMCT1 and MCTs increases duodenal HCO3− secretion. In addition to SCFA sensing via free fatty acid receptors, the presence of rapid duodenal SCFA absorption may be important for the suppression of luminal bacterial colonization and implicated in the generation of functional dyspepsia due to bacterial overgrowth.

Published
2015

58. Short-chain fatty acid sensing in rat duodenum

Author

Takuya Inoue, Masaaki Higashiyama, Eli Engel, Kazuyuki Narimatsu, Ken-ichi Iwamoto, Izumi Kaji, Paul H. Guth, Masahiko Watanabe, Yasutada Akiba, Atsukazu Kuwahara, and Jonathan D. Kaunitz

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Agonist, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, medicine.drug_class, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Short-chain fatty acid, Fatty acid, Receptor antagonist, Endocrinology, chemistry, Internal medicine, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, Free fatty acid receptor, medicine, Receptor, Cholecystokinin
Abstract

Intraduodenal fatty acids (FA) and bacterial overgrowth, which generate short-chain FAs (SCFAs), have been implicated in the generation of functional dyspepsia symptoms. We studied the mechanisms by which luminal SCFA perfusion affects duodenal HCO3− secretion (DBS), a measure of mucosal neurohumoral activation. Free fatty acid receptor (FFAR) 1 (FFA1), which binds long-chain FA (LCFA), and SCFA receptors FFA2 and FFA3 were immunolocalised to duodenal enteroendocrine cells. FFA3 colocalised with glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, whereas FFA2 colocalised with 5-HT. Luminal perfusion of the SCFA acetate or propionate increased DBS, enhanced by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPPIV) inhibition, at the same time as increasing GLP-2 portal blood concentrations. Acetate-induced DBS was partially inhibited by monocarboxylate/HCO3− exchanger inhibition without affecting GLP-2 release, implicating acetate absorption in the partial mediation of DBS. A selective FFA2 agonist dose-dependently increased DBS, unaffected by DPPIV inhibition or by cholecystokinin or 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, but was inhibited by atropine and a 5-HT4 antagonist. By contrast, a selective FFA1 agonist increased DBS accompanied by GLP-2 release, enhanced by DPPIV inhibition and inhibited by a GLP-2 receptor antagonist. Activation of FFA1 by LCFA and presumably FFA3 by SCFA increased DBS via GLP-2 release, whereas FFA2 activation stimulated DBS via muscarinic and 5-HT4 receptor activation. SCFA/HCO3− exchange also appears to be present in the duodenum. The presence of duodenal fatty acid sensing receptors that signal hormone release and possibly signal neural activation may be implicated in the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia.

Published
2015

59. Combined treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor sitagliptin and elemental diets reduced indomethacin-induced intestinal injury in rats via the increase of mucosal glucagon-like peptide-2 concentration

Author

Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Kazuhide Higuchi, Naoki Yorifuji, Munetaka Iguchi, Kumi Ishida, Sadaharu Nouda, Yosuke Abe, Yasutada Akiba, Taisuke Sakanaka, Shinya Fukunishi, Kazuki Kakimoto, Ken Narabayashi, Toshihisa Takeuchi, Eiji Umegaki, Daisuke Masuda, Takuya Inoue, Toshihiko Okada, and Kaori Fujiwara

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system, Elemental diet, Clinical Biochemistry, Medicine (miscellaneous), Incretin, Enteroendocrine cell, Ileum, DPP4, sitagliptin, DPP8, Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry, Small Intestinal Ulcer, Internal medicine, Medicine, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4, Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutrition & Dietetics, business.industry, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Glucagon-like peptide-2, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Sitagliptin, Original Article, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, business, GLP-1, GLP-2, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, medicine.drug
Abstract

The gut incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the intestinotropic hormone GLP-2 are released from enteroendocrine L cells in response to ingested nutrients. Treatment with an exogenous GLP-2 analogue increases intestinal villous mass and prevents intestinal injury. Since GLP-2 is rapidly degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), DPP4 inhibition may be an effective treatment for intestinal ulcers. We measured mRNA expression and DPP enzymatic activity in intestinal segments. Mucosal DPP activity and GLP concentrations were measured after administration of the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin (STG). Small intestinal ulcers were induced by indomethacin (IM) injection. STG was given before IM treatment, or orally administered after IM treatment with or without an elemental diet (ED). DPP4 mRNA expression and enzymatic activity were high in the jejunum and ileum. STG dose-dependently suppressed ileal mucosal enzyme activity. Treatment with STG prior to IM reduced small intestinal ulcer scores. Combined treatment with STG and ED accelerated intestinal ulcer healing, accompanied by increased mucosal GLP-2 concentrations. The reduction of ulcers by ED and STG was reversed by co-administration of the GLP-2 receptor antagonist. DPP4 inhibition combined with luminal nutrients, which up-regulate mucosal concentrations of GLP-2, may be an effective therapy for the treatment of small intestinal ulcers.

Published
2015

60. Prostaglandin pathways in duodenal chemosensing

Author

Yasutada Akiba and Jonathan D. Kaunitz

Subjects
Hepatology, Purinergic receptor, Gastroenterology, EP4 Receptor, Prostaglandin, Biology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Phospholipase A2, chemistry, Biochemistry, biology.protein, medicine, Gastric acid, Prostaglandin E2, Receptor, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, medicine.drug
Abstract

Acid-sensing pathways, which trigger mucosal defense mechanisms in response to luminal acid, involve the rapid afferent-mediated “capsaicin pathway” and the sustained “prostaglandin (PG) pathway.” Luminal acid quickly increases protective PG synthesis and release from epithelia, although the mechanism by which luminal acid induces PG synthesis is still mostly unknown. Acid exposure augments purinergic ATP-P2Y signaling by inhibition of intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity. Since P2Y activation increases intracellular Ca2+, we further hypothesized that ATP-P2Y signals increase the generation of H2O2 derived from dual oxidase, a member of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase family activated by Ca2+. Our recent studies suggest that acid exposure increases H2O2 output, followed by phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase activation, increasing PG synthesis. Released prostaglandin E2 augments protective HCO3− and mucus secretion via EP4 receptor activation. Thus, the PG pathway as a component of duodenal acid sensing consists of acid-related intestinal alkaline phosphatase inhibition, ATP-P2Y signals, dual oxidase 2-derived H2O2 production, phospholipase A2 activation, prostaglandin E2 synthesis, and EP4 receptor activation. The PG pathway is also involved in luminal bacterial sensing in the duodenum via activation of pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2. The presence of acute mucosal responses to luminal bacteria suggests that the duodenum is important for host defenses and may reduce bacterial loading to the hindgut using H2O2, complementing gastric acidity and anti-bacterial bile acids.

Published
2014

61. Measurements of e+e− pairs from open heavy flavor in p+p and d+A collisions at sNN=200 GeV

Author

Martin Purschke, C. A. Aidala, T. Murakami, E. M. Takagui, D. Kawall, K. Tanida, K. A. Drees, D. Hornback, S. Afanasiev, M. Rosati, Tamás Csörgő, S. Kudo, M. J. Skoby, A. A. Vinogradov, S. Bathe, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, Jiangyong Jia, Y. Goto, S. I. Morrow, Vardan Khachatryan, Zvi Hirsh Citron, S. Sawada, K. L. Smith, A. Ster, M. I. Nagy, Gerd Joachim Kunde, N. Feege, J. Ying, A. Franz, J. Runchey, Y. Ito, Kensuke Homma, B. Meredith, J. Newby, Y. I. Makdisi, O. Dietzsch, Marcus Hohlmann, I. Shein, Y. Fukao, M. Patel, Yu. Efremenko, E. T. Atomssa, H. Valle, Dipanwita Dutta, C. Gal, Julia Velkovska, E. Vznuzdaev, Dmitry Blau, Z. Fraenkel, Carly W. Butler, S. Chernichenko, C. Silvestre, Y. Tanaka, B. Bassalleck, K. Sedgwick, H. A. Torii, Toru Sugitate, K. O. Eyser, M. Chiu, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, C. Baumann, S. Kametani, T. A. Shibata, T. Sato, Alberto Baldisseri, Mihael Makek, T. Hester, E. Mannel, J. H. Kang, Y. Onuki, D. Kapukchyan, J. Huang, M. Konno, J. S. Haggerty, M. J. Tannenbaum, Jan Rak, C. P. Singh, B. M. Johnson, R. K. Choudhury, P. Tarján, Torsten Dahms, M. Boer, M. Wysocki, E. P. Hartouni, Marisilvia Donadelli, V. Bumazhnov, B. K. Schmoll, R. Lacey, E. J. Desmond, S. P. Sorensen, R. Granier de Cassagnac, A. Taranenko, B. Azmoun, Y. J. Mao, A. Král, François Fleuret, Ryugo S. Hayano, L. Zou, Hongfang Liu, D. E. Fields, B. Love, F. Staley, L. Baksay, A. Adare, N. A. Lewis, Y. Nakamiya, D. Lynch, D. Isenhower, Tamas Novak, T. Moon, L. Mašek, V. Jorjadze, S. Batsouli, S. Rembeczki, Charles Maguire, T. Horaguchi, C. Xu, H. Pei, Radek Novotny, R. Tanabe, D. Layton, M. McCumber, C. M. Camacho, Eun Joo Kim, G. Baksay, Prashant Shukla, A. Isupov, H. Sako, Y. Watanabe, A. Rakotozafindrabe, Y. Riabov, Kenta Shigaki, A. K. Purwar, V-N. Tram, Jong-Min Park, Taku Gunji, H. Gong, F. Kajihara, L. Aphecetche, Timothy Thomas Rinn, S. F. Pate, Y. H. Leung, W. C. Chang, D. E. Mihalik, D. Richford, Y. Tsuchimoto, Balazs Ujvari, S. Tarafdar, N. Grau, A. Dion, Shuo Han, A. G. Litvinenko, Y. S. Lai, Seong H. Kim, P.L. McGaughey, T. O. S. Haseler, H. Qu, Masamichi Ishihara, Agneta Oskarsson, D. Kincses, Y. Berdnikov, J. L. Klay, Barbara Jacak, H. Iinuma, Yuhei Morino, Takahiro Fusayasu, Alexander Malakhov, T. Elder, Qiao Xu, H. Al-Bataineh, D. Silvermyr, L. S. Zolin, Motoi Inaba, J. C. Hill, J. G. Lajoie, M. Alfred, T. Hachiya, Michael William Phipps, B. Komkov, Anne Marie Sickles, H. Themann, V. R. Loggins, J. T. Mitchell, Alice Mignerey, W. J. Park, M. Mishra, Brennan Schaefer, J. Sziklai, Brian Cole, S. Nagamiya, A. Basye, A. Sexton, G. Tarnai, N. Hotvedt, R. Seidl, Vladislav Manko, R. S. Towell, P. D. Barnes, A. Yanovich, Hideki Hamagaki, W. Fan, K. Aoki, M. Nguyen, I. E. Yushmanov, Mate Csanad, G. David, A. S. Nyanin, A. Yu. Semenov, Rushan Han, J. Gosset, Alexei Khanzadeev, A. Kozlov, A. Bagoly, Vladimir Samsonov, J. S. Bok, D. Ivanishchev, Norio Saito, A. Morreale, M. A. L. Leite, K. I. Hahn, Vaclav Vrba, A. Kravitz, R. A. Soltz, Klaus Johannes Reygers, V. Papavassiliou, I. Garishvili, F. Wei, Z. Rowan, M. Naglis, H. Nakagomi, T. Hoshino, S. Butsyk, Takao Sakaguchi, A. Sen, Shoichi Hasegawa, S. N. White, C. E. Perezlara, Eva Haslum, P. Yin, R. Seto, P. Liebing, E. Stenlund, S. Huang, T. Niida, N. N. Ajitanand, Christine Nattrass, K. Haruna, Minghui Liu, Xiaomei Li, G. D. N. Perera, S. H. Lim, C. L. Silva, M. Gonin, P. Rosnet, S. Zhou, A. Lebedev, Rachid Nouicer, Christian Klein-Boesing, T. W. Danley, A. P.T. Palounek, J. M. Durham, Senta Greene, H. Ge, K. Das, K. Fujiwara, G. R. Young, Takahiro Nakamura, K. Nakano, K. Shoji, Anand Kumar Dubey, A. D. Frawley, J. S. Kapustinsky, Kenjiro Miki, Bruno Lenzi, Yoshifumi Ueda, J. H. Do, E. Kistenev, V. Babintsev, Y. L. Yamaguchi, C. L. Towell, Susumu Sato, S. D. Rolnick, W. E. Sondheim, Frank Ellinghaus, A. Sukhanov, B. Fadem, V. Dzhordzhadze, A. Hadj Henni, K. Kurita, David D'Enterria, M. Tomášek, Xuan Li, J. Alexander, C. Ayuso, Susumu Oda, K. Boyle, P. A. Rukoyatkin, H. Pereira, W. Peng, P. W. Stankus, G. S. Kyle, C. L. Woody, A. Berdnikov, J. L. Nagle, W. Holzmann, X. He, C. Vale, H. A. Gustafsson, B. S. Chang, J. L. Charvet, A. Timilsina, M. Heffner, A. Durum, Kenneth Francis Read, T. Ichihara, Byung-Sik Hong, A. Bazilevsky, R. Belmont, E. O'Brien, J. Bryslawskyj, C. Y. Chi, V. Peresedov, Robert Vertesi, Beomkyu Kim, K. S. Sim, Paul Constantin, Wei Xie, C. O. Kim, S. Yokkaichi, K. Yamaura, Yasutada Akiba, R. Pak, K. B. Lee, H. W. Yu, I. Younus, C. Zhang, Koji Sato, H. Van Hecke, A. Kiss, P. Ružička, D. M. Lee, Dae-Hyeok Kim, T. Kempel, J. Koster, T. Nagashima, Henner Buesching, R. Yang, Y. Ikeda, M. Kurosawa, K. Kiriluk, M. Grosse Perdekamp, E. O. Lallow, A. Deshpande, J. H. Yoo, J. G. Boissevain, M. E. Connors, I. V. Sourikova, H. Masui, T. Majoros, Keiji Nagai, K. Imai, Viktor Riabov, D. Roach, N. Kamihara, A. A. Bickley, K. M. Kijima, S. K. Park, Tadaaki Isobe, A. Pun, J. P. Wessels, J. Seele, C. Pinkenburg, Sándor Lökös, C. P. Wong, K. N. Barish, S. Zharko, M. Stepanov, G. Roche, L. D. Liu, Kei Nagashima, V. Canoa Roman, W. A. Zajc, M. Ouchida, N. Means, P. Chung, J. Jin, V. Baublis, A. Denisov, V. Cianciolo, J. Asai, Y. Tomita, Sergey Fokin, M. L. Brooks, F. Matathias, Z. Ji, D. Winter, D. Yu Peressounko, Dennis Perepelitsa, Shingo Sakai, Malik, M. Slunečka, I. J. Choi, J. Imrek, Raphael Noel Tieulent, Ralf Peter Averbeck, A. V. Kazantsev, L. Tomášek, A. Drees, P. Mikeš, A. Soldatov, Y. Fukuda, T. C. Awes, Kyoichiro Ozawa, T. Liška, Jun Kikuchi, C. A. Ogilvie, T. K. Hemmick, Bhawani Singh, Yasuo Miake, K. DeBlasio, L. Kochenda, M. Issah, S. Vazquez-Carson, Don McGlinchey, S. Syed, K. Sakashita, S. Karthas, D. Kotov, Jason Kamin, S. P. Stoll, S. S.E. Rosendahl, G. Bunce, J.-G. Park, A. Churyn, D. Jouan, Alberica Toia, Y. J. Kwon, V. S. Pantuev, Kimberly Hill, K. Okada, B. Sahlmueller, H. En'yo, M. J. Leitch, M. J. Kweon, G. Mitsuka, J. E. Frantz, Herve Borel, A. Enokizono, A. Taketani, D. S. Jumper, Makoto Oka, I. Tserruya, V. L. Rykov, S. Belikov, K. S. Joo, N. Apadula, I. Ravinovich, V. Singh, R. Petti, S. Esumi, D. Sharma, T. Engelmore, R. Ichimiya, T. Koblesky, M. Bai, M. Sarsour, J. D. Osborn, Inseok Yoon, A. Glenn, P. V. Radzevich, R. Bennett, Zirui Wang, T. L.T. Thomas, M. Finger, S. Dairaku, Eunja Kim, O. Zaudtke, Christophe Pierre Suire, Alexander Milov, M. Virius, Manabu Togawa, I. Nakagawa, N. Novitzky, J. D. Orjuela Koop, D. Mukhopadhyay, O. Drapier, E. R. Kinney, D. P. Morrison, T. V. Moukhanova, Min-Hye Kim, S. Campbell, V. E. Semenov, Tatsuya Chujo, K. Dehmelt, Jen-Chieh Peng, Xiong Wang, Dong Jo Kim, J. Murata, Mirta Dumancic, A. Veicht, and Tae-Yeon Lee

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Drell–Yan process, Parton, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Quark–gluon plasma, Rapidity, Invariant mass, Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics), 010306 general physics
Abstract

We report a measurement of e+e− pairs from semileptonic heavy-flavor decays in p+p collisions at sNN=200 GeV. The e+e− pair yield from bb¯ and cc¯ is separated by exploiting a double differential fit done simultaneously in dielectron invariant mass and pT. We used three different event generators, pythia, mc@nlo, and powheg, to simulate the e+e− spectra from cc¯ and bb¯ production. The data can be well described by all three generators within the detector acceptance. However, when using the generators to extrapolate to 4π, significant differences are observed for the total cross section. These difference are less pronounced for bb¯ than for cc¯. The same model dependence was observed in already published d+A data. The p+p data are also directly compared with d+A data in mass and pT, and within the statistical accuracy no nuclear modification is seen.

Published
2017

62. Cross section and transverse single-spin asymmetry of muons from open heavy-flavor decays in polarized p+p collisions at s=200 GeV

Author

S. Kudo, S. P. Whitaker, R. A. Soltz, H. Nakagomi, T. Hoshino, A. V. Kazantsev, C. L. Silva, Y. Fukuda, L. Patel, Jiangyong Jia, Y. Goto, Y. Sekiguchi, T. C. Awes, Kyoichiro Ozawa, J. M. Durham, Yoshifumi Ueda, J. H. Do, L. Zou, C. L. Towell, Susumu Sato, S. Baumgart, D. Kawall, K. Tanida, D. Kleinjan, Minghui Liu, Kenneth Francis Read, I. Shein, T. Ichihara, K. B. Lee, I. Ravinovich, K. L. Smith, K. Sedgwick, Mihael Makek, M. Boer, D. Richford, Jong-Min Park, Taku Gunji, R. S. Towell, Y. Watanabe, J. Huang, Hari Guragain, Y. Fukao, I. Garishvili, C. A. Ogilvie, E. T. Atomssa, B. Komkov, F. Wei, M. Bai, V. Bumazhnov, S. Tarafdar, D. Black, Anne Marie Sickles, Prakhar Garg, M. Wysocki, B. Bannier, T. K. Hemmick, Bhawani Singh, S. Butsyk, B. Azmoun, Y. L. Yamaguchi, L. Ding, K. Gainey, C. Gal, I. Younus, M. Kofarago, D. Roach, J. S. Bok, T. Hester, T. Murakami, Yasuo Miake, K. DeBlasio, A. Meles, Sándor Lökös, S. Zhou, Julia Velkovska, H. Asano, S. Mizuno, A. Bagoly, Norio Saito, Tsutomu Mibe, Hideyuki Oide, Alice Mignerey, L. D'Orazio, S. Miyasaka, S. Vazquez-Carson, Don McGlinchey, K. N. Barish, Mikhail Malaev, K. M. Kijima, A. Pun, K. Hashimoto, Xingguo Li, M. Virius, S. D. Rolnick, Ryu, S. Zharko, Min-Hye Kim, S. Wolin, J. D. Osborn, Inseok Yoon, Peter Christiansen, Koji Sato, Y. Imazu, Animesh Datta, C. Y. Chi, Yasutada Akiba, S. I. Morrow, S. Sawada, M. I. Nagy, Zhiying You, A. Franz, S. Bathe, H. Masuda, Kensuke Homma, E. Richardson, S. P. Sorensen, P. Kline, K. S. Lee, M. Kurosawa, S. H. Lim, J. Runchey, J. S. Kapustinsky, D. Watanabe, Kei Nagashima, J. H. Yoo, M. Slunecka, V. Canoa Roman, Pawan Kumar Netrakanti, Agneta Oskarsson, A. Drees, A. Ster, N. Feege, Zirui Wang, D. Kincses, V. Babintsev, D. E. Fields, Y. Berdnikov, T. O. S. Haseler, J. Imrek, M. Tomášek, S. H. Lee, J. G. Lajoie, S. Syed, Y. Tanaka, H. Qu, E. Mannel, C. McKinney, Raphael Noel Tieulent, Brennan Schaefer, S. Nagamiya, A. Isinhue, S. Karthas, E. Vznuzdaev, Barbara Jacak, M. Beaumier, B. Lewis, J. Sun, Senta Greene, D. Kotov, M. Alfred, T. Hachiya, Michael William Phipps, Jennifer E. Perry, Vaclav Vrba, N. Grau, Prashant Shukla, Takao Sakaguchi, A. Sen, Jason Kamin, D. Kapukchyan, M. Chiu, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, M. Leitgab, Hideki Hamagaki, W. Fan, K. Aoki, M. Vargyas, G. David, T. Todoroki, K. S. Joo, D. K. Mishra, M. L. Brooks, S. F. Pate, C. Ayuso, S. P. Stoll, T. A. Shibata, K. I. Hahn, Shuo Han, M. Gonin, Ke. Nakamura, Byung-Sik Hong, X. He, A. Bazilevsky, N. Apadula, E. O'Brien, Robert Vertesi, J. A. Key, Daugherity, Motoi Inaba, J. C. Hill, P.L. McGaughey, Henner Buesching, A. Sukhanov, K. Kurita, Vladimir Samsonov, Christine Nattrass, K. Watanabe, J. Bryslawskyj, K. Shoji, M. McCumber, J. Koster, Mate Csanad, H. W. Yu, D. Isenhower, A. Taranenko, Tamas Novak, T. Moon, W.J. Metzger, D. Jouan, A. Iordanova, J. Murata, R. Petti, S. Kanda, Yongsun Kim, W. Peng, P. W. Stankus, D. Ivanishchev, S. Esumi, S. J. Jeon, X. Gong, V. Papavassiliou, Y. Nakamiya, D. Lynch, C. Baumann, C. O. Kim, A. D. Frawley, C. E. Perezlara, D. M. Lee, G. H. Lee, E. O. Lallow, D. Sharma, R. Pak, T. Engelmore, Atsushi Takahara, N. Riveli, X. Bai, M. Nihashi, A. Mwai, A. Deshpande, Mirta Dumancic, M. E. Connors, C. P. Singh, K. A. Drees, Martin Purschke, C. A. Aidala, Alexei Khanzadeev, M. Patel, Tomofumi Nagae, J. L. Nagle, B. M. Johnson, X. Jiang, J. D. Orjuela Koop, D. Kotchetkov, Y. Ito, S. K. Park, J. Rak, C. H. Chen, C. Xu, I. J. Choi, Filip Krizek, N. A. Lewis, B. Xia, V. Jorjadze, N. Crossette, M. Moskowitz, M. J. Skoby, J. Klatsky, E. Stenlund, Ferdinando Giordano, S. Huang, Carly W. Butler, A. Sexton, N. Cronin, J. B. Choi, Y. J. Kim, Sung Keun Park, R. P. Pisani, V. R. Loggins, J. T. Mitchell, R. Seto, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, Vardan Khachatryan, H. Sako, A. Manion, Timothy Thomas Rinn, Z. Ji, D. Yu Peressounko, T. W. Danley, Y. I. Makdisi, N. Hotvedt, R. Seidl, Dennis Perepelitsa, B. Fadem, R. S. Hollis, M. Grosse Perdekamp, G. Mitsuka, J. E. Frantz, Jongmin Lee, Brian Cole, Vladislav Manko, N. N. Ajitanand, P. Yin, A. Enokizono, P. K. Khandai, A. Taketani, Priyanka Sett, D. S. Jumper, G. D. N. Perera, Shoichi Hasegawa, A. Shaver, M. J. Tannenbaum, S. Choi, I. Tserruya, M. Jezghani, Takahiro Nakamura, V. Singh, B. K. Schmoll, A. Timilsina, T. Koblesky, E. Tennant, T. V. Moukhanova, M. Sarsour, A. Durum, E. Kistenev, Dmitry Blau, A. Glenn, P. V. Radzevich, E. J. Desmond, Eunja Kim, K. Dehmelt, J. Hanks, E. Vazquez-Zambrano, Jen-Chieh Peng, D. Reynolds, Inkyu Park, Balazs Ujvari, Xiong Wang, Dong Jo Kim, I. E. Yushmanov, A. Veicht, Jessy J. Alexander, Alexander Milov, I. Nakagawa, N. Novitzky, K. O. Eyser, R. Lacey, R. Granier de Cassagnac, Charles Maguire, D. E. Mihalik, Y. Gu, M. R. Stone, O. Drapier, D. P. Morrison, S. Campbell, B. H. Kang, T. Majoros, Tatsuya Chujo, K. Imai, B. Meredith, C. L. Woody, A. Berdnikov, H. A. Torii, V. S. Pantuev, Toru Sugitate, Kimberly Hill, François Fleuret, K. Okada, T. Nagashima, A. Garishvili, B. Sahlmueller, Z. Rowan, I. V. Sourikova, M. J. Leitch, M. Skolnik, Y. J. Kwon, H. Ge, K. Nakano, Ryugo S. Hayano, M. Finger, Y. Riabov, W. E. Sondheim, J. S. Kang, J. H. Kang, Kenta Shigaki, J. S. Haggerty, K. Boyle, A. S. Nyanin, Rachid Nouicer, A. N. Zelenski, P. Steinberg, Takahiro Fusayasu, T. Elder, C. P. Wong, Qiao Xu, L. D. Liu, Keiji Nagai, W. A. Zajc, S. Solano, D. Silvermyr, J. Seele, V. Baublis, A. Denisov, Yuki Watanabe, V. Cianciolo, A. Yanovich, Sergey Fokin, Y. S. Lai, Radek Novotny, H. Van Hecke, Y. H. Leung, M. Mendoza, Y. Ikeda, A. Takeda, S. R. P. Mohapatra, R. Akimoto, Viktor Riabov, C. Pinkenburg, M. Stepanov, G. Tarnai, T. Niida, A. Lebedev, R. Belmont, S. Yokkaichi, M. Rosati, and Tamás Csörgő

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, media_common.quotation_subject, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, Nuclear physics, Cross section (physics), Transverse plane, Correlation function, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Rapidity, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, Spin-½, media_common
Abstract

The cross section and transverse single-spin asymmetries of μ- and μ+ from open heavy-flavor decays in polarized p+p collisions at s=200 GeV were measured by the PHENIX experiment during 2012 at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Because heavy-flavor production is dominated by gluon-gluon interactions at s=200 GeV, these measurements offer a unique opportunity to obtain information on the trigluon correlation functions. The measurements are performed at forward and backward rapidity (1.4

Published
2017

63. FFA2 activation combined with ulcerogenic COX inhibition induces duodenal mucosal injury via the 5-HT pathway in rats

Author

Ayaka Kuri, Koji Maruta, Kazuyuki Narimatsu, Hyder Said, Yasutada Akiba, Atsukazu Kuwahara, Izumi Kaji, Jonathan D. Kaunitz, and Ken-ichi Iwamoto

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Serotonin, Physiology, Duodenum, Indomethacin, digestive system, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Intestinal mucosa, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Free fatty acid receptor 2, medicine, Enterochromaffin Cells, Animals, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors, Intestinal Mucosa, 5-HT receptor, chemistry.chemical_classification, Hepatology, business.industry, Gastroenterology, Fatty acid, Rats, Bicarbonates, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, chemistry, Anesthesia, Enterochromaffin cell, Gastric acid, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business, Research Article
Abstract

Serotonin (5-HT), predominantly synthesized and released by enterochromaffin cells, is implicated in gastrointestinal symptoms such as emesis, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Because luminal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) release 5-HT from enterochromaffin cells, which express the SCFA receptor free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2) in rat duodenum, we examined the effects of the selective FFA2 agonist phenylacetamide-1 (PA1) on duodenal 5-HT release with consequent bicarbonate secretion [duodenal bicarbonate secretion (DBS)] and on indomethacin (IND)-induced enteropathy. Intestinal injury was induced by IND (10 mg/kg sc) with or without PA1. We measured DBS in vivo in a duodenal loop perfused with PA1 while measuring 5-HT released in the portal vein. Duodenal blood flow was measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry. IND induced small intestinal ulcers with duodenal sparing. PA1 given with IND (IND + PA1) dose dependently induced duodenal erosions. IND + PA1-induced duodenal lesions were inhibited by the FFA2 antagonist GLPG-0974, ondansetron, or omeprazole but not by RS-23597 or atropine. Luminal perfusion of PA1 augmented DBS accompanied by increased portal blood 5-HT concentrations with approximately eight times more release at 0.1 mM than at 1 µM, with the effects inhibited by coperfusion of GLPG-0974. Luminal PA1 at 1 µM increased, but at 0.1 mM diminished, duodenal blood flow. Cosuperfusion of PA1 (0.1 mM) decreased acid-induced hyperemia, further reduced by IND pretreatment but restored by ondansetron. These results suggest that, although FFA2 activation enhances duodenal mucosal defenses, FFA2 overactivation during ulcerogenic cyclooxygenase inhibition may increase the vulnerability of the duodenal mucosa to gastric acid via excessive 5-HT release and 5-HT3receptor activation, implicated in foregut-related symptoms such as emesis and epigastralgia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Luminal free fatty acid receptor 2 agonists stimulate enterochromaffin cells and release serotonin, which enhances mucosal defenses in rat duodenum. However, overdriving serotonin release with high luminal concentrations of free fatty acid 2 ligands such as short-chain fatty acids injures the mucosa by decreasing mucosal blood flow. These results are likely implicated in serotonin-related dyspeptic symptom generation because of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, which is hypothesized to generate excess SCFAs in the foregut, overdriving serotonin release from enterochromaffin cells.

Published
2017

64. Angular decay coefficients of J/ψ mesons at forward rapidity from p+p collisions at s=510 GeV

Author

S. Miyasaka, Keiji Nagai, N. Feege, Pawan Kumar Netrakanti, N. S. Bandara, T. O. S. Haseler, A. Meles, J. Seele, Vladimir Samsonov, E. T. Atomssa, Christine Nattrass, M. Tomášek, D. E. Fields, Takao Sakaguchi, A. Sen, A. D. Frawley, Y. Gu, S. Bathe, J. D. Orjuela Koop, C. Butler, L. Zou, C. H. Chen, H. Masuda, Kensuke Homma, Hideki Hamagaki, W. Fan, K. Aoki, M. Vargyas, G. David, T. Todoroki, J. Sun, Min-Hye Kim, K. I. Hahn, V. Bumazhnov, D. Black, A. Manion, J. L. Nagle, M. McCumber, Byung-Sik Hong, T. Shioya, A. Bazilevsky, Agneta Oskarsson, Barbara Jacak, Atsushi Takahara, D. Kincses, M. Chiu, Y. Berdnikov, E. O. Lallow, A. Taranenko, T. Majoros, N. Riveli, H. Stien, C. A. Ogilvie, A. J. Miller, K. A. Drees, J. A. Silva, C. L. Woody, S. H. Lee, T. K. Hemmick, Bhawani Singh, K. Kihara, T. Elder, Qiao Xu, H. W. Yu, Y. J. Kwon, A. Berdnikov, A. Sukhanov, C. McKinney, Brennan Schaefer, S. Nagamiya, Minghui Liu, Alexander Milov, K. Imai, M. E. Connors, S. J. Jeon, S. K. Park, J. Rak, H. F. Hamilton, M. Grosse Perdekamp, G. Mitsuka, J. E. Frantz, K. Kurita, Matthew Snowball, Vaclav Vrba, D. Silvermyr, K. L. Smith, G. J. Ottino, Yasuo Miake, I. Nakagawa, Kenneth Francis Read, P. Montuenga, Petr Gallus, K. DeBlasio, N. Novitzky, D. Richford, Shoichi Hasegawa, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, J. Klatsky, Vardan Khachatryan, I. Younus, J. S. Kang, Radek Novotny, M. I. Nagy, A. Enokizono, C. O. Kim, T. Nagashima, E. Joo, M. Patel, R. Pinson, S. Vazquez-Carson, Don McGlinchey, D. Watanabe, G. Tarnai, A. Yanovich, X. Jiang, I. V. Sourikova, Kei Nagashima, R. Pak, K. B. Lee, N. N. Ajitanand, Henner Buesching, D. P. Morrison, Koji Sato, T. Kempel, E. Vznuzdaev, Y. H. Leung, Anne Marie Sickles, Z. Rowan, M. Mendoza, V. R. Loggins, Y. I. Makdisi, V. Canoa Roman, A. Taketani, Priyanka Sett, A. V. Kazantsev, D. Kapukchyan, D. S. Jumper, M. L. Kimball, Z. Ji, Hari Guragain, A. Iordanova, K. Lovasz, J. Murata, J. B. Choi, M. Boer, S. Wolin, J. Imrek, L. Ding, V. S. Pantuev, K. N. Barish, Mirta Dumancic, D. Lynch, Moonhee Kim, G. D. N. Perera, M. Finger, D. Yu Peressounko, Dennis Perepelitsa, Y. Riabov, J. S. Bok, Tatsuya Chujo, H. Ge, S. Tarafdar, Raphael Noel Tieulent, J. Bryslawskyj, Kenta Shigaki, M. Kofarago, D. Roach, M. S. Daugherity, K. Dehmelt, K. Nakano, Jen-Chieh Peng, C. J. Press, Ferdinando Giordano, T. Niida, H. Asano, D. Dixit, I. Ravinovich, R. Cervantes, A. Pun, N. Apadula, W. E. Sondheim, A. S. Nyanin, A. Durum, D. Reynolds, A. Deshpande, M. J. Tannenbaum, Jong-Min Park, Taku Gunji, Dmitry Blau, S. Zharko, B. K. Schmoll, M. Bai, Kimberly Hill, Rachid Nouicer, A. N. Zelenski, N. Grau, A. Takeda, Y. Fukuda, E. J. Desmond, J. P. Dusing, C. Gal, E. Kistenev, K. Boyle, A. Drees, Yongsun Kim, W. Peng, P. W. Stankus, R. S. Hollis, M. Leitgab, Shuo Han, I. J. Choi, B. Xia, Xingguo Li, S. Syed, S. Karthas, Xiong Wang, Y. L. Yamaguchi, A. Lebedev, B. Meredith, M. Towell, N. Cronin, J. Hanks, H. Sako, R. Lacey, Julia Velkovska, M. Rosati, H. En'yo, Tamas Ferenc Csorgo, M. J. Leitch, S. Mizuno, J. D. Osborn, Inseok Yoon, Motoi Inaba, J. C. Hill, Mate Csanad, S. P. Sorensen, M. L. Brooks, L. Patel, T. C. Awes, Kyoichiro Ozawa, H. A. Torii, Toru Sugitate, Dong Jo Kim, E. K. Bownes, D. Kotov, S. P. Stoll, M. Virius, S. D. Rolnick, A. R. Mendez, Balazs Ujvari, A. Adare, I. E. Yushmanov, Senta Greene, C. Ayuso, Norio Saito, M. Nihashi, X. He, I. Tserruya, M. Jezghani, V. Singh, J. T. Mitchell, T. A. Shibata, Y. Aramaki, Alexei Khanzadeev, N. Hotvedt, R. Seidl, Vladislav Manko, D. E. Mihalik, S. Kudo, S. Huang, Zirui Wang, J. G. Lajoie, M. Alfred, T. Hachiya, E. O'Brien, Michael William Phipps, S. H. Lim, S. Lee, Jennifer E. Perry, Viktor Riabov, Serpil Yalcin, P. L. McGaughey, T. Koblesky, M. Sarsour, D. Jouan, D. Isenhower, S. P. Whitaker, Jiangyong Jia, Y. Goto, Tamas Novak, T. Moon, R. P. Pisani, J. Koster, V. Babintsev, C. P. Wong, L. D. Liu, W. A. Zajc, L. Xue, S. Beckman, P. Yin, J. H. Kang, T. V. Moukhanova, A. Denisov, Yuki Watanabe, E. Mannel, Sergey Fokin, A. Glenn, A. Mwai, Eunja Kim, D. Kleinjan, S. Campbell, J. S. Haggerty, A. Timilsina, C. Xu, A. Sexton, H. Van Hecke, R. Seto, Y. Ikeda, T. W. Danley, R. Akimoto, C. Pinkenburg, B. Fadem, M. Stepanov, Timothy Thomas Rinn, H. J. Kim, M. Kurosawa, J. H. Yoo, M. Slunecka, R. Belmont, R. S. Towell, Prashant Shukla, S. F. Pate, R. A. Soltz, J. A. Key, H. Nakagomi, T. Hoshino, C. L. Silva, D. H. Kim, D. Ivanishchev, V. Papavassiliou, A. S. Safonov, C. E. Perezlara, J. M. Durham, Yoshifumi Ueda, J. H. Do, T. Murakami, C. L. Towell, Susumu Sato, N. Vukman, M. Malaev, Martin Purschke, C. A. Aidala, H. Yamamoto, S. I. Morrow, S. Sawada, Y. Ito, A. Franz, J. Runchey, Y. Watanabe, F. Wei, V. Andrieux, D. Kawall, J. Huang, K. Tanida, Prakhar Garg, B. Azmoun, Zvi Hirsh Citron, M. Wysocki, B. Bannier, I. Shein, K. Sedgwick, Mihael Makek, P. Kline, A. Dion, Animesh Datta, T. Sumita, C. Y. Chi, Yasutada Akiba, J. R. Kotler, M. Beaumier, K. S. Joo, D. K. Mishra, J. G. Rubin, R. Petti, S. Esumi, D. Sharma, C. P. Singh, B. M. Johnson, N. A. Lewis, V. Jorjadze, J. Sziklai, Alice Mignerey, and Y. Imazu

Subjects
Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Particle physics, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Zero (complex analysis), Tevatron, Quarkonium, Lambda, 01 natural sciences, Helicity, 0103 physical sciences, Rapidity, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

We report the first measurement of the full angular distribution for inclusive $J/\psi\rightarrow\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ decays in $p$$+$$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=510$ GeV. The measurements are made for $J/\psi$ transverse momentum $2

Published
2017

65. Measurements of B→J/ψ at forward rapidity in p+p collisions at s=510 GeV

Author

S. Miyasaka, A. Franz, Pawan Kumar Netrakanti, A. Sen, K. B. Lee, S. Syed, S. Karthas, V. S. Pantuev, Takao Sakaguchi, D. Kotov, Jong-Min Park, Taku Gunji, M. Tomášek, A. D. Frawley, M. Boer, Sándor Lökös, Jason Kamin, Kimberly Hill, K. N. Barish, L. Ding, S. Zharko, K. L. Smith, R. A. Soltz, H. Nakagomi, Byung-Sik Hong, J. Sun, A. Bazilevsky, Senta Greene, C. Ayuso, E. O'Brien, M. Kofarago, Y. Imazu, D. Roach, K. M. Kijima, H. W. Yu, S. Zhou, D. M. Lee, A. Pun, G. H. Lee, M. Virius, K. O. Eyser, I. Tserruya, M. Jezghani, S. D. Rolnick, D. Jouan, H. Van Hecke, Y. Ikeda, T. Hoshino, C. L. Silva, K. Okada, B. Sahlmueller, M. J. Leitch, K. Hashimoto, M. L. Brooks, Y. Fukao, B. Komkov, T. O. S. Haseler, Xingguo Li, P. Steinberg, B. Azmoun, V. Singh, H. Qu, M. Grosse Perdekamp, G. Mitsuka, T. Hester, J. E. Frantz, Norio Saito, Tsutomu Mibe, Hideyuki Oide, J. M. Durham, S. Wolin, R. Lacey, Dmitry Blau, Jongmin Lee, E. J. Mannel, T. Rinn, R. Akimoto, Hideki Hamagaki, W. Fan, K. Aoki, Yoshifumi Ueda, J. H. Do, M. Vargyas, Takahiro Fusayasu, V. Bumazhnov, D. Black, Ryugo S. Hayano, M. Finger, C. L. Towell, Susumu Sato, Y. L. Yamaguchi, S. H. Lim, R. Granier de Cassagnac, G. David, T. Todoroki, K. I. Hahn, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, Vardan Khachatryan, S. P. Sorensen, T. Elder, Qiao Xu, Shoichi Hasegawa, T. Koblesky, A. Shaver, Y. Riabov, P. Kline, K. S. Lee, A. Isinhue, S. Choi, Kei Nagashima, C. Pinkenburg, J. Bryslawskyj, Y. I. Makdisi, J. S. Kapustinsky, R. S. Towell, Prashant Shukla, Kenta Shigaki, Charles Maguire, A. Enokizono, Y. J. Kwon, V. Babintsev, S. P. Stoll, D. Silvermyr, N. Grau, N. Apadula, M. Leitgab, Shuo Han, M. Patel, Tamas Ferenc Csorgo, M. Stepanov, Atsushi Takahara, C. CanoaRoman, C. Gal, J. Hanks, E. Vazquez-Zambrano, P. K. Khandai, A. Taketani, Priyanka Sett, D. Kawall, D. E. Mihalik, G. Tarnai, D. S. Jumper, A. S. Nyanin, K. Tanida, X. Jiang, C. Xu, A. Drees, Julia Velkovska, M. Beaumier, M. Alfred, T. Hachiya, K. A. Drees, S. Mizuno, E. Kistenev, M. Rosati, D. Richford, Michael William Phipps, S. F. Pate, Raphael Noel Tieulent, Motoi Inaba, J. C. Hill, K. S. Joo, Rachid Nouicer, I. Younus, A. N. Zelenski, D. K. Mishra, T. Niida, A. Lebedev, J. S. Kang, Jennifer E. Perry, M. J. Tannenbaum, B. Ujvari, M. Sarsour, Mate Csanad, J. Rak, A. V. Kazantsev, A. Yanovich, Anne Marie Sickles, Barbara Jacak, I. Ravinovich, B. K. Schmoll, A. Sexton, H. Asano, A. Berdnikov, J. Klatsky, S. Kudo, K. Gainey, Ke. Nakamura, M. Gonin, Koji Sato, M. Nihashi, A. Glenn, P. V. Radzevich, M. S. Daugherity, Vladimir Samsonov, I. Shein, S. Yokkaichi, E. Tennant, Z. Rowan, M. Mendoza, Ferdinando Giordano, R. Seto, N. Crossette, M. Chiu, S. P. Whitaker, J. S. Bok, Y. Nakamiya, D. Lynch, J. G. Lajoie, R. Petti, T. W. Danley, M. Bai, Christine Nattrass, Eunja Kim, Y. Fukuda, Jiangyong Jia, Y. Goto, R. P. Pisani, I. E. Yushmanov, A. Sukhanov, K. Kurita, K. Sedgwick, J. H. Kang, S. Esumi, Moonhee Kim, J. A. Key, K. Watanabe, C. A. Ogilvie, B. Fadem, J. S. Haggerty, K. Dehmelt, A. Attila, D. Sharma, R. S. Hollis, X. He, Y. Tanaka, M. McCumber, Mihael Makek, L. Patel, Alexei Khanzadeev, H. Ge, K. Nakano, K. Shoji, T. Nagashima, A. Garishvili, C. O. Kim, Jen-Chieh Peng, Martin Purschke, C. A. Aidala, Agneta Oskarsson, Y. Sekiguchi, T. C. Awes, Kyoichiro Ozawa, D. Kleinjan, S. Campbell, W. E. Sondheim, Tomofumi Nagae, Robert Vertesi, R. Pak, E. Stenlund, C. Baumann, S. Huang, J. B. Choi, S. Kanda, Yongsun Kim, W. Peng, T. K. Hemmick, Bhawani Singh, Yasuo Miake, J. D. Osborn, Inseok Yoon, Zhiying You, J. L. Nagle, Zirui Wang, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, T. A. Shibata, I. V. Sourikova, Keiji Nagai, D. Reynolds, P. W. Stankus, M. J. Skoby, D. Kincses, Y. Watanabe, Y. Gu, Y. S. Lai, S. Solano, D. Kotchetkov, Y. Ito, J. Koster, K. Boyle, D. Ivanishchev, Y. Berdnikov, V. Papavassiliou, T. Chujo, C. E. Perezlara, M. Moskowitz, S. H. Lee, C. McKinney, M. Kurosawa, Brennan Schaefer, S. Nagamiya, M. R. Stone, J. Seele, L. Zou, K. DeBlasio, S. Baumgart, N. Cronin, Inkyu Park, E. J. Desmond, Vaclav Vrba, Xiong Wang, K. Imai, B. Meredith, E. T. Atomssa, J. H. Yoo, C. L. Woody, A. Mwai, M. Slunecka, R. Belmont, Minghui Liu, S. Vazquez-Carson, Don McGlinchey, Dong Jo Kim, V. R. Loggins, J. T. Mitchell, J. D. Orjuela Koop, C. H. Chen, H. A. Torii, A. Manion, N. Hotvedt, J. Huang, Toru Sugitate, Kenneth Francis Read, Henner Buesching, B. Lewis, R. Seidl, Vladislav Manko, D. Isenhower, Tamas Novak, T. Moon, M. Wysocki, T. V. Moukhanova, C. Butler, François Fleuret, B. Bannier, Min-Hye Kim, T. Ichihara, T. Murakami, S. Butsyk, P. Yin, M. S. Ryu, A. Veicht, Jessy J. Alexander, M. Skolnik, S. I. Morrow, P. Garg, S. Sawada, X. Gong, J. Runchey, A. Timilsina, S. Bathe, Alexander Milov, I. Nakagawa, Young-Ki Kim, T. Engelmore, N. Novitzky, Kensuke Homma, E. Richardson, A. Iordanova, I. Garishvili, F. Wei, O. Drapier, J. Murata, P. L. McGaughey, Mirta Dumancic, D. P. Morrison, B. H. Kang, Animesh Datta, C. Y. Chi, Yasutada Akiba, C. P. Singh, B. M. Johnson, Filip Krizek, N. A. Lewis, V. Jorjadze, Brian Cole, M. I. Nagy, D. Watanabe, A. Meles, D. E. Fields, E. Vznuzdaev, N. Riveli, D. Kapukchyan, Sung Keun Park, N. N. Ajitanand, G. D. N. Perera, Takahiro Nakamura, A. Durum, H. Sako, C. P. Wong, L. D. Liu, A. Deshpande, I. J. Choi, B. Xia, M. Connors, W. A. Zajc, V. Baublis, A. Denisov, Yuki Watanabe, V. Cianciolo, Sergey Fokin, A. Ster, N. Feege, A. Taranenko, S. J. Jeon, Hari Guragain, S. Tarafdar, Radek Novotny, Y. H. Leung, E. O. Lallow, X. Bai, S. K. Park, Peter Christiansen, Z. Ji, D. Yu Peressounko, Dennis Perepelitsa, S. R. P. Mohapatra, Viktor Riabov, Alice Mignerey, and L. D'Orazio

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, B meson, Rapidity, Vertex detector, Center of mass, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Collider
Abstract

We report the first measurement of the fraction of J/ψ mesons coming from B-meson decay (FB→J/ψ) in p+p collisions at s=510 GeV. The measurement is performed using the forward silicon vertex detector and central vertex detector at PHENIX, which provide precise tracking and distance-of-closest-approach determinations, enabling the statistical separation of J/ψ due to B-meson decays from prompt J/ψ. The measured value of FB→J/ψ is 8.1%±2.3%(stat)±1.9%(syst) for J/ψ with transverse momenta 0

Published
2017

66. Nonperturbative-transverse-momentum effects and evolution in dihadron and direct photon-hadron angular correlations in p+p collisions at s=510 GeV

Author

N. S. Bandara, Vladimir Samsonov, D. M. Lee, Christine Nattrass, T. Todoroki, Tomofumi Nagae, J. L. Nagle, K. S. Joo, V. Bumazhnov, D. Black, V. R. Loggins, J. T. Mitchell, Hideyuki Oide, A. V. Kazantsev, Min Soo Kim, Charles Maguire, A. Shaver, Sung Keun Park, S. Choi, N. Hotvedt, R. Seidl, M. Sarsour, Mate Csanad, M. Kurosawa, A. Iordanova, Y. L. Yamaguchi, A. Enokizono, D. Kawall, N. N. Ajitanand, D. Sharma, S. Y. Han, K. Tanida, Vladislav Manko, M. Slunecka, A. Ster, N. Feege, C. Xu, E. Kistenev, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, R. S. Hollis, S. P. Sorensen, Alexander Milov, Serpil Yalcin, I. Nakagawa, Young-Ki Kim, M. Rosati, G. D. N. Perera, X. Jiang, M. Snowball, Y. I. Makdisi, B. Meredith, T. Engelmore, N. Novitzky, B. Lewis, N. Cronin, J. Murata, Y. Fukuda, Takahiro Nakamura, J. G. Lajoie, M. Alfred, T. Hachiya, O. Drapier, Y. J. Kwon, D. McGlinchey, S. Whitaker, Michael William Phipps, S. Lee, Jennifer E. Perry, I. J. Choi, S. Bathe, B. Xia, A. Sexton, J. Sun, S. Esumi, M. S. Ryu, K. Shoji, S. Tarafdar, R. S. Towell, L. Patel, John Hill, M. Nihashi, M. Towell, H. A. Torii, S. Kanda, Toru Sugitate, D. P. Morrison, B. Azmoun, I. Shein, P. W. Stankus, Prashant Shukla, Anne Marie Sickles, L. Ding, R. Seto, B. H. Kang, Y. Sekiguchi, T. C. Awes, Alexei Khanzadeev, K. Gainey, S. F. Pate, T. W. Danley, H. J. Kim, Peter Steinberg, D. Roach, K. M. Kijima, M. I. Nagy, A. Timilsina, M. J. Tannenbaum, K. Sedgwick, A. Durum, E. Stenlund, C. Baumann, J. B. Choi, H. Qu, K. Hashimoto, C. P. Wong, D. Watanabe, B. Schaefer, N. Crossette, Dipak Kumar Mishra, D. H. Kim, Xingguo Li, François Fleuret, E. Karthas, E. Vznuzdaev, B. K. Schmoll, Ke. Nakamura, Tatsuya Chujo, Mihael Makek, A. Deshpande, H. Yamamoto, M. Gonin, S. Zhou, A. J. Miller, K. Hill, X. He, Y. Nakamiya, D. Lynch, J. S. Kang, Jen-Chieh Peng, S. J. Jeon, C. Kim, J. S. Bok, D. Kotchetkov, D. Kincses, Brajesh K. Singh, G. J. Ottino, A. Sukhanov, S. Kudo, M. Mendoza, K. Kurita, M. S. Daugherity, C. P. Singh, P. Montuenga, J. G. Rubin, J. E. Frantz, A. Meles, W. A. Zajc, Y. Aramaki, Robert Vertesi, D. Reynolds, A. Sen, C. L. Silva, Jaehyeok Yoo, E. Tennant, E. Joo, P. Kline, K. S. Lee, A. Dion, R. P. Pisani, R. Pak, Y. Tanaka, Zvi Hirsh Citron, R. Petti, B. M. Johnson, Filip Krizek, M. Stepanov, J. Hanks, L. Xue, J. A. Key, N. Grau, P. L. McGaughey, H. Ge, C. L. Woody, A. Berdnikov, T. V. Moukhanova, Hiroyuki Sako, Dmitry Blau, Hari Guragain, J. Koster, K. Nakano, Y. Watanabe, T. Novák, W. E. Sondheim, Xiong Wang, V. Baublis, D. E. Fields, V. Pantuev, M. Vargyas, B. V. Jacak, Dong Jo Kim, E. J. Desmond, S. Beckman, Alice Mignerey, D. Kapukchyan, K. Boyle, Y. Goto, J. Sziklai, A. Denisov, Yuki Watanabe, S. Mizuno, E. Vazquez-Zambrano, Martin Purschke, L. D'Orazio, S. Miyasaka, B. Sahlmueller, C. A. Aidala, Takahiro Fusayasu, M. McCumber, V. Cianciolo, Y. J. Kim, Brian Cole, Y. Imazu, Balazs Ujvari, Jessy J. Alexander, K. Kihara, Qiao Xu, B. Komkov, Y. Ueda, I. Garishvili, H. W. Van Hecke, N. Riveli, M. Wysocki, I. Tserruya, D. Kleinjan, S. Campbell, D. Silvermyr, K. Okada, A. Veicht, A. Mwai, I. E. Yushmanov, M. Jezghani, Petr Gallus, Jan Rak, L. Zou, Takao Sakaguchi, Pawan Kumar Netrakanti, S. Hasegawa, M. Moskowitz, Kensuke Homma, D. Ivanishchev, E. Richardson, R. Lacey, K. Nagai, S. Baumgart, K. B. Lee, V. Singh, S. H. Lim, Kenichi Imai, H. En'yo, T. O. S. Haseler, Y. Fukao, V. Papavassiliou, H. Nakagomi, T. Hoshino, M. J. Leitch, A. Yanovich, A. D. Frawley, V. Andrieux, V. Khachatryan, Sergey Fokin, Z. Rowan, R. Granier de Cassagnac, Minghui Liu, T. Koblesky, Henner Buesching, Norio Saito, Tsutomu Mibe, F. Wei, A. Adare, K. N. Barish, S. Huang, A. S. Safonov, H. Yu, Animesh Datta, T. Sumita, C. Y. Chi, T. Majoros, Kenneth Francis Read, S. Butsyk, Hideki Hamagaki, W. Fan, K. Aoki, G. David, J. H. Do, T. Nagashima, K. Ozawa, A. Garishvili, T. Ichihara, C. L. Towell, N. Vukman, X. Gong, H. F. Hamilton, Yasutada Akiba, K. I. Hahn, C. E. Perezlara, T. Murakami, A. Glenn, D. Dixit, T. Hester, Yi Gu, I. Younus, Eunja Kim, Agneta Oskarsson, I. V. Sourikova, K. O. Eyser, C. Gal, K. Watanabe, John Matthew Durham, Y. Berdnikov, Julia Velkovska, R. Belmont, S. H. Lee, C. McKinney, J. S. Kapustinsky, S. Nagamiya, V. Babintsev, Soumya Mohapatra, M. Tomášek, Vaclav Vrba, M. R. Stone, Byung-Sik Hong, A. Bazilevsky, Ryugo S. Hayano, M. Finger, M. L. Brooks, Alexandre Lebedev, M. Skolnik, Y. Riabov, Viktor Riabov, Kenta Shigaki, G. H. Lee, Y. H. Leung, R. Cervantes, S. Sawada, A. Franz, A. S. Nyanin, A. Isinhue, Rachid Nouicer, A. N. Zelenski, M. Leitgab, P. Sett, Motoi Inaba, S. Solano, I. H. Park, Takafumi Niida, J. Huang, J. Seele, Prakhar Garg, Jiangyong Jia, B. Bannier, T. Shioya, D. Kotov, D. S. Jumper, Jason Kamin, S. P. Stoll, D. Jouan, M. Chiu, C. A. Ogilvie, T. K. Hemmick, Yasuo Miake, K. DeBlasio, R. Pinson, S. Wolin, N. Apadula, A. Drees, Atsushi Takahara, K. A. Drees, J. Klatsky, A. Taranenko, E. T. Atomssa, J. D. Orjuela Koop, Y. Ikeda, E. J. Mannel, T. Rinn, C. H. Chen, R. Akimoto, C. Pinkenburg, A. Manion, K. Dehmelt, M. Grosse Perdekamp, G. Mitsuka, R. A. Soltz, J. H. Kang, J. S. Haggerty, Jongmin Lee, Y. S. Lai, G. Tarnai, X. Bai, F. Giordano, T. Csörgő, S. Yokkaichi, S. K. Park, P. K. Khandai, A. Taketani, K. Lovasz, I. Ravinovich, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, M. Bai, T. A. Shibata, Peter Christiansen, J. D. Osborn, Inseok Yoon, Zhiying You, D. Yu Peressounko, Dennis Perepelitsa, Senta Greene, D. Isenhower, J. Bryslawskyj, B. Fadem, E. O'Brien, T. Moon, Kei Nagashima, Raphael Noel Tieulent, Susumu Sato, H. Asano, Jong-Min Park, Taku Gunji, M. Patel, M. Virius, M. Kofarago, S. D. Rolnick, and M. Beaumier

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Photon, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, Hadron, Drell–Yan process, Deep inelastic scattering, 01 natural sciences, Root mean square, Nuclear physics, Factorization, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

Dihadron and isolated direct photon-hadron angular correlations are measured in $p$$+$$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=510$ GeV. Correlations of charged hadrons of $0.7

Published
2017

67. Xenin Augments Duodenal Anion Secretion via Activation of Afferent Neural Pathways

Author

Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Izumi Kaji, Yasutada Akiba, Atsukazu Kuwahara, Koji Maruta, and Ikuo Kato

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Duodenum, Substance P, Enteroendocrine cell, Biology, Xenin, Jejunum, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Gastrointestinal Hormones, Dose-Response Relationship, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Organ Culture Techniques, Internal medicine, Neural Pathways, medicine, Animals, Secretion, Neurons, Afferent, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Intestinal Mucosa, Neurotensin, Pharmacology, Neurons, Afferent Pathways, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Neurosciences, Afferent, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rats, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, chemistry, Tetrodotoxin, Molecular Medicine, Sprague-Dawley, Drug, Digestive Diseases, Gastrointestinal, Hepatic, Pulmonary, and Renal
Abstract

Xenin-25, a neurotensin (NT)-related anorexigenic gut hormone generated mostly in the duodenal mucosa, is believed to increase the rate of duodenal ion secretion, because xenin-induced diarrhea is not present after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Because the local effects of xenin on duodenal ion secretion have remained uninvestigated, we thus examined the neural pathways underlying xenin-induced duodenal anion secretion. Intravenous infusion of xenin-8, a bioactive C-terminal fragment of xenin-25, dose dependently increased the rate of duodenal HCO3− secretion in perfused duodenal loops of anesthetized rats. Xenin was immunolocalized to a subset of enteroendocrine cells in the rat duodenum. The mRNA of the xenin/NT receptor 1 (NTS1) was predominantly expressed in the enteric plexus, nodose and dorsal root ganglia, and in the lamina propria rather than in the epithelium. The serosal application of xenin-8 or xenin-25 rapidly and transiently increased short-circuit current in Ussing-chambered mucosa-submucosa preparations in a concentration-dependent manner in the duodenum and jejunum, but less so in the ileum and colon. The selective antagonist for NTS1, substance P (SP) receptor (NK1), or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)3, but not NTS2, inhibited the responses to xenin. Xenin-evoked Cl- secretion was reduced by tetrodotoxin (TTX) or capsaicin-pretreatment, and abolished by the inhibitor of TTX-resistant sodium channel Nav1.8 in combination with TTX, suggesting that peripheral xenin augments duodenal HCO3− and Cl− secretion through NTS1 activation on intrinsic and extrinsic afferent nerves, followed by release of SP and 5-HT. Afferent nerve activation by postprandial, peripherally released xenin may account for its secretory effects in the duodenum.

Published
2017

68. Measurement of long-range angular correlations and azimuthal anisotropies in high-multiplicity p+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV

Author

G. Tarnai, Hari Guragain, S. Tarafdar, T. Niida, V. R. Loggins, J. T. Mitchell, A. Lebedev, Y. J. Kwon, P. Montuenga, N. Hotvedt, R. Seidl, Vladislav Manko, M. Rosati, D. Dixit, D. Reynolds, M. Malaev, C. Xu, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, Tamás Csörgő, Martin Purschke, Prashant Shukla, S. F. Pate, Vardan Khachatryan, Y. I. Makdisi, Koji Sato, Xiong Wang, Toru Sugitate, P. Yin, S. Kudo, A. Sexton, H. Van Hecke, C. A. Aidala, Dong Jo Kim, A. Sukhanov, K. Kurita, Dmitry Blau, Matthew Snowball, R. Seto, M. Chiu, Y. Goto, M. J. Tannenbaum, T. W. Danley, J. H. Kang, J. S. Haggerty, D. Ivanishchev, V. Papavassiliou, C. A. Ogilvie, Z. Rowan, M. Mendoza, T. K. Hemmick, Bhawani Singh, B. Fadem, C. Pinkenburg, S. Campbell, K. Dehmelt, A. Timilsina, L. Zou, C. E. Perezlara, I. Tserruya, M. Jezghani, E. J. Desmond, B. K. Schmoll, Radek Novotny, M. Tomášek, C. O. Kim, V. Singh, D. E. Fields, N. Cronin, Y. Ito, K. DeBlasio, Agneta Oskarsson, V. S. Pantuev, M. Boer, T. Murakami, T. Koblesky, K. L. Smith, Moonhee Kim, H. Ge, M. Sarsour, Minghui Liu, V. Bumazhnov, J. Hanks, W. Peng, D. Richford, N. Grau, D. Kincses, N. Feege, P. W. Stankus, Shuo Han, Y. Berdnikov, K. A. Drees, C. McKinney, K. N. Barish, Brennan Schaefer, S. Zharko, H. Masuda, Byung-Sik Hong, A. Bazilevsky, S. Vazquez-Carson, M. McCumber, Kensuke Homma, S. I. Morrow, Alice Mignerey, S. Miyasaka, Y. H. Leung, R. A. Soltz, K. Nakano, W. E. Sondheim, R. S. Towell, H. Nakagomi, T. Hoshino, Keiji Nagai, Don McGlinchey, Kenneth Francis Read, V. Andrieux, Kimberly Hill, Vaclav Vrba, H. W. Yu, Motoi Inaba, J. C. Hill, Eunja Kim, A. Franz, J. Runchey, Takao Sakaguchi, C. L. Silva, J. D. Osborn, J. Klatsky, A. Sen, Inseok Yoon, S. Syed, S. Karthas, A. Pun, Balazs Ujvari, M. Patel, A. D. Frawley, C. Gal, Alexander Milov, I. Nakagawa, Julia Velkovska, Xingguo Li, Zirui Wang, X. Jiang, A. S. Safonov, N. Novitzky, J. Sun, J. M. Durham, M. Finger, Yoshifumi Ueda, G. Mitsuka, T. O. S. Haseler, D. Kotov, H. En'yo, M. L. Brooks, Y. L. Yamaguchi, M. J. Leitch, D. Lynch, S. P. Sorensen, Mate Csanad, I. E. Yushmanov, H. F. Hamilton, J. E. Frantz, G. J. Ottino, B. Azmoun, M. Slunečka, C. L. Towell, Susumu Sato, N. Vukman, Anne Marie Sickles, E. Mannel, J. Huang, I. J. Choi, S. Bathe, R. S. Hollis, P. L. McGaughey, X. He, D. P. Morrison, S. P. Stoll, Hideki Hamagaki, W. Fan, K. Aoki, T. Elder, Qiao Xu, S. Mizuno, Ferdinando Giordano, J. G. Lajoie, A. Enokizono, M. Alfred, T. Hachiya, Michael William Phipps, S. Lee, D. Silvermyr, G. David, T. Todoroki, K. I. Hahn, Prakhar Garg, G. D. N. Perera, D. Kawall, K. Tanida, Jennifer E. Perry, Min-Hye Kim, D. S. Jumper, J. S. Bok, K. Lovasz, A. Yanovich, Barbara Jacak, Zvi Hirsh Citron, Serpil Yalcin, T. Sumita, R. P. Pisani, A. V. Kazantsev, S. H. Lim, A. Durum, N. S. Bandara, I. Shein, D. Jouan, V. Babintsev, M. Virius, C. Butler, K. Sedgwick, C. Y. Chi, Yasutada Akiba, Vladimir Samsonov, Christine Nattrass, J. D. Orjuela Koop, A. Iordanova, J. Murata, Y. Fukuda, Mirta Dumancic, Mihael Makek, A. Deshpande, Timothy Thomas Rinn, H. Yamamoto, C. P. Wong, P. Kline, A. Dion, Kyoichiro Ozawa, Alexei Khanzadeev, J. H. Yoo, R. Belmont, S. Huang, J. B. Choi, Y. Watanabe, Shoichi Hasegawa, T. Shioya, L. D. Liu, M. I. Nagy, E. Kistenev, M. Connors, W. A. Zajc, J. L. Nagle, N. Apadula, A. Drees, M. S. Daugherity, C. P. Singh, B. M. Johnson, M. Beaumier, N. A. Lewis, D. K. Mishra, V. Jorjadze, J. Sziklai, L. Xue, J. H. Do, A. Denisov, Yuki Watanabe, Y. Riabov, D. E. Mihalik, R. Petti, Kenta Shigaki, R. Cervantes, S. Esumi, D. Sharma, Sergey Fokin, A. S. Nyanin, D. Kapukchyan, Rachid Nouicer, A. N. Zelenski, A. Takeda, T. Majoros, K. Imai, C. L. Woody, A. Berdnikov, H. Sako, Petr Gallus, Viktor Riabov, T. Nagashima, I. V. Sourikova, M. Grosse Perdekamp, E. O. Lallow, S. K. Park, Z. Ji, D. Yu Peressounko, Dennis Perepelitsa, Senta Greene, C. Ayuso, J. Bryslawskyj, E. O'Brien, T. A. Shibata, D. Isenhower, Tamas Novak, T. Moon, Kei Nagashima, V. Canoa Roman, J. Imrek, Raphael Noel Tieulent, H. Asano, Jong-Min Park, Taku Gunji, and S. D. Rolnick

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Range (particle radiation), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Elliptic flow, High multiplicity, Collision, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Azimuth, 0103 physical sciences, Domain (ring theory), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Anisotropy, Eccentricity (mathematics)
Abstract

We present the first measurements of long-range angular correlations and the transverse momentum dependence of elliptic flow $v_2$ in high-multiplicity $p$$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV. A comparison of these results with previous measurements in high-multiplicity $d$$+$Au and $^3{\rm He}$$+$Au collisions demonstrates a relation between $v_2$ and the initial collision eccentricity $\varepsilon_2$, suggesting that the observed momentum-space azimuthal anisotropies in these small systems have a collective origin and reflect the initial geometry. Good agreement is observed between the measured $v_2$ and hydrodynamic calculations for all systems, and an argument disfavoring theoretical explanations based on momentum-space domain correlations is presented. The set of measurements presented here allows us to leverage the distinct intrinsic geometry of each of these systems to distinguish between different theoretical descriptions of the long-range correlations observed in small collision systems.

Published
2017

69. Measurements of double-helicity asymmetries in inclusiveJ/ψproduction in longitudinally polarizedp+pcollisions ats=510GeV

Author

M. Beaumier, K. S. Joo, D. K. Mishra, K. Tanida, J. G. Rubin, Min-Hye Kim, A. Meles, N. Apadula, Zvi Hirsh Citron, J. Huang, Mate Csanad, R. Petti, S. Esumi, R. Lacey, D. E. Fields, D. Sharma, Agneta Oskarsson, I. Shein, M. Nihashi, Alice Mignerey, Prakhar Garg, M. Wysocki, B. Bannier, A. Adare, A. Iordanova, J. Murata, S. Miyasaka, Y. Berdnikov, S. H. Lee, C. McKinney, Brennan Schaefer, S. Nagamiya, K. Sedgwick, Dmitry Blau, R. P. Pisani, J. Hanks, Pawan Kumar Netrakanti, M. McCumber, N. Riveli, Aaron White, I. E. Yushmanov, Vaclav Vrba, C. P. Singh, Alexei Khanzadeev, Takao Sakaguchi, B. M. Johnson, A. Sen, P. Montuenga, Mihael Makek, S. Huang, N. Feege, Martin Purschke, C. A. Aidala, M. Virius, A. D. Frawley, N. S. Bandara, I. Younus, J. Sun, M. Patel, X. Jiang, Vladimir Samsonov, J. Sziklai, Timothy Thomas Rinn, H. J. Kim, T. V. Moukhanova, J. D. Orjuela Koop, N. N. Ajitanand, Y. Riabov, R. S. Towell, Prashant Shukla, Christine Nattrass, N. Grau, B. Meredith, M. Leitgab, Shuo Han, H. F. Hamilton, R. A. Soltz, C. H. Chen, Kenta Shigaki, S. F. Pate, G. D. N. Perera, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, Vardan Khachatryan, Y. I. Makdisi, A. Manion, C. A. Ogilvie, Motoi Inaba, J. C. Hill, Y. J. Kwon, H. Nakagomi, T. Hoshino, A. S. Nyanin, T. K. Hemmick, Bhawani Singh, C. L. Silva, B. J. Ramson, F. Wei, Viktor Riabov, D. H. Kim, Y. Gu, Henner Buesching, M. S. Daugherity, D. Lynch, B. Azmoun, H. A. Torii, J. A. Key, Toru Sugitate, A. Durum, J. M. Durham, J. L. Nagle, I. Ravinovich, Rachid Nouicer, A. N. Zelenski, Yasuo Miake, J. H. Do, C. L. Towell, Susumu Sato, S. Kanda, Yongsun Kim, M. J. Tannenbaum, B. K. Schmoll, Atsushi Takahara, Ferdinando Giordano, M. Tomášek, M. Bai, K. DeBlasio, R. Pinson, Don McGlinchey, Animesh Datta, T. Sumita, C. Y. Chi, Yasutada Akiba, J. S. Kang, P. W. Stankus, D. Ivanishchev, K. Imai, V. Bumazhnov, E. T. Atomssa, J. Seele, R. Kitamura, V. Papavassiliou, D. Black, Z. Rowan, T. Murakami, M. Mendoza, M. Kurosawa, D. Kotov, J. H. Yoo, Shunji Nishimura, K. A. Drees, B. Kimelman, Y. Imazu, J. H. Kang, J. S. Haggerty, J. D. Osborn, Inseok Yoon, M. Chiu, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, E. Mannel, P. Kline, Y. L. Yamaguchi, Byung-Sik Hong, A. Dion, A. Bazilevsky, C. Gal, Serpil Yalcin, T. A. Shibata, V. S. Pantuev, H. Ge, M. Finger, S. Sawada, J. E. Frantz, J. Rak, K. Nakano, W. E. Sondheim, A. Franz, H. W. Yu, Anne Marie Sickles, T. O. S. Haseler, S. P. Stoll, Julia Velkovska, K. Boyle, J. S. Bok, S. Mizuno, Senta Greene, Y. Watanabe, A. Enokizono, J. Klatsky, A. Taketani, J. B. Choi, Priyanka Sett, Barbara Jacak, M. Rosati, Tamás Csörgő, D. S. Jumper, Shoichi Hasegawa, P. B. Diss, W. A. Zajc, L. Xue, K. Kihara, C. L. Woody, A. Berdnikov, B. Komkov, D. Silvermyr, E. O'Brien, A. Denisov, Yuki Watanabe, Hideki Hamagaki, M. Vargyas, D. Isenhower, G. David, T. Todoroki, D. Jouan, K. I. Hahn, Tamas Novak, T. Moon, S. Wolin, R. S. Hollis, B. Sahlmueller, Sergey Fokin, Norio Saito, Petr Gallus, E. Kistenev, S. P. Whitaker, M. Grosse Perdekamp, A. Yanovich, H. En'yo, M. J. Leitch, H. Van Hecke, Jiangyong Jia, I. V. Sourikova, Y. Goto, S. H. Lim, Y. Ikeda, A. Drees, S. K. Park, R. Akimoto, V. Babintsev, D. Kleinjan, C. Pinkenburg, M. Stepanov, E. Joo, Hari Guragain, D. Yu Peressounko, T. Niida, Dennis Perepelitsa, A. Lebedev, S. Tarafdar, H. Asano, Kei Nagashima, G. W. Kim, A. Taranenko, Raphael Noel Tieulent, S. J. Jeon, Jong-Min Park, Taku Gunji, S. Zhou, S. D. Rolnick, S. Bathe, Kensuke Homma, J. T. Mitchell, N. Hotvedt, R. Seidl, Vladislav Manko, K. Dehmelt, Jen-Chieh Peng, J. Bryslawskyj, A. Deshpande, D. Reynolds, A. Timilsina, I. J. Choi, B. Xia, M. Towell, A. V. Kazantsev, Xiong Wang, Dong Jo Kim, M. I. Nagy, D. Watanabe, L. Patel, E. Vznuzdaev, T. C. Awes, Kyoichiro Ozawa, I. Tserruya, M. Jezghani, H. Sako, V. Singh, M. Slunečka, P. L. McGaughey, K. B. Lee, T. Koblesky, S. Beckman, M. Sarsour, L. Zou, L. Ding, E. J. Desmond, Minghui Liu, M. Kofarago, D. Roach, A. Glenn, Kenneth Francis Read, Eunja Kim, K. Hashimoto, Alexander Milov, I. Nakagawa, N. Novitzky, Xingguo Li, D. P. Morrison, S. Campbell, S. P. Sorensen, Tatsuya Chujo, J. G. Lajoie, M. Alfred, T. Hachiya, S. Lee, Jennifer E. Perry, A. J. Miller, A. Sukhanov, K. Kurita, Matthew Snowball, C. O. Kim, R. Pak, K. N. Barish, R. Belmont, M. L. Brooks, X. He, Y. Aramaki, J. Koster, A. Mwai, A. Sexton, R. Seto, T. W. Danley, B. Fadem, and D. Kawall

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Lattice, media_common.quotation_subject, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Helicity, Asymmetry, Gluon, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Rapidity, PHENIX detector, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, media_common
Abstract

We report the double helicity asymmetry, $A_{LL}^{J/\psi}$, in inclusive $J/\psi$ production at forward rapidity as a function of transverse momentum $p_T$ and rapidity $|y|$. The data analyzed were taken during $\sqrt{s}=510$ GeV longitudinally polarized $p$$+$$p$ collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) in the 2013 run using the PHENIX detector. At this collision energy, $J/\psi$ particles are predominantly produced through gluon-gluon scatterings, thus $A_{LL}^{J/\psi}$ is sensitive to the gluon polarization inside the proton. We measured $A_{LL}^{J/\psi}$ by detecting the decay daughter muon pairs $\mu^+ \mu^-$ within the PHENIX muon spectrometers in the rapidity range $1.2

Published
2016

70. Azimuthally anisotropic emission of low-momentum direct photons in Au + Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV

Author

Hongfang Liu, D. E. Fields, Jong-Min Park, Taku Gunji, H. Gong, F. Kajihara, A. Basye, S. Bathe, K. Watanabe, M. Nihashi, R. S. Towell, I. Garishvili, F. Wei, M. McCumber, A. K. Purwar, K. Shoji, C. Silvestre, S. Butsyk, H. Van Hecke, O. Dietzsch, E. T. Atomssa, Kensuke Homma, K. Dehmelt, E. Richardson, Y. Ikeda, S. Zhou, H. Valle, S. Kanda, Yongsun Kim, J. Ide, Dipanwita Dutta, S. Kaneti, P. W. Stankus, Marisilvia Donadelli, V. Bumazhnov, R. Akimoto, C. Gal, Jen-Chieh Peng, S. D. Rolnick, R. P. Pisani, S. Taneja, C. Pinkenburg, Julia Velkovska, Yu. Efremenko, Animesh Datta, T. Sumita, C. Y. Chi, Yasutada Akiba, J. H. Kang, Y. Miyachi, T. Murakami, E. M. Takagui, J. S. Haggerty, S. R. Lee, B. Bassalleck, B. Kimelman, D. Reynolds, M. Stepanov, G. Roche, Y. S. Lai, Inkyu Park, S. P. Sorensen, O. Chvala, K. N. Barish, M. Konno, Sung Keun Park, R. Tanabe, P. Tarján, A. Yu. Semenov, N. N. Ajitanand, M. Kawashima, P. Montuenga, Xiong Wang, T. Niida, Dong Jo Kim, Z. Rowan, Tomoya Tsuji, M. Mendoza, S. Dairaku, A. Lebedev, M. Chiu, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, T. A. Shibata, Seong H. Kim, M. Beaumier, T. Sato, J. G. Lajoie, I. Younus, S. Sano, K. Karatsu, G. D. N. Perera, Takahiro Nakamura, S. N. White, S. Belikov, K. S. Joo, R. Belmont, S. Yokkaichi, Peter Christiansen, Yuhei Morino, C. Baumann, S. Kametani, D. K. Mishra, H. Sako, Atsushi Takahara, M. Alfred, T. Hachiya, S. Sawada, A. Veicht, S. Lee, Jennifer E. Perry, J. Ying, A. Franz, M. Rosati, Y. Nakamiya, D. Lynch, Susumu Oda, D. Isenhower, Shunji Nishimura, Tamás Csörgő, C. P. Singh, K. A. Drees, T. Kempel, Tamas Novak, T. Moon, Y. Fukao, R. A. Soltz, B. M. Johnson, J. G. Rubin, M. Naglis, Filip Krizek, M. L. Brooks, H. Nakagomi, T. Hoshino, N. Apadula, C. L. Silva, D. H. Kim, A. Vossen, A. Kravitz, Min-Hye Kim, Alberica Toia, G. Baksay, A. A. Vinogradov, A. Durum, Y. Hori, Anne Marie Sickles, H. Themann, X. He, J. Rak, Alexander Milov, K. Gainey, Barbara Jacak, Jiangyong Jia, Y. Goto, M. Virius, Manabu Togawa, T. Hester, R. Petti, A. Isupov, Zvi Hirsh Citron, I. Nakagawa, R. Luechtenborg, Young-Ki Kim, T. Engelmore, N. Novitzky, J. Sziklai, Hiromi Iinuma, Rushan Han, S. Esumi, Y. Aramaki, J. Klatsky, D. Sharma, Senta Greene, Alice Mignerey, M. Gonin, J. M. Durham, H. Ge, K. Das, K. Yamaura, V. Peresedov, Robert Vertesi, Y. J. Kwon, K. Nakano, O. Drapier, A. Král, J. B. Choi, R. Ichimiya, D. Kleinjan, E. R. Kinney, J. D. Orjuela Koop, N. A. Sparks, L. D'Orazio, S. Miyasaka, J. H. Do, Brian Cole, K. B. Kim, D. P. Morrison, C. L. Towell, Susumu Sato, Martin Purschke, C. H. Chen, M. Kurosawa, J. H. Yoo, C. A. Aidala, W. E. Sondheim, J. Koster, N. S. Bandara, J. S. Bok, A. V. Kazantsev, Vladimir Samsonov, Shoichi Hasegawa, S. Choi, J. T. Mitchell, S. Campbell, R. S. Hollis, B. H. Kang, E. P. Hartouni, A. Manion, Kei Nagashima, A. Sukhanov, K. Kurita, J. Huang, Bum-Hoon Lee, Pawan Kumar Netrakanti, G. W. Kim, P. Chung, N. Grau, N. Hotvedt, D. Kawall, H. Al-Ta'Ani, Tatsuya Chujo, S. Tarafdar, D. Kotchetkov, R. Seidl, Vladislav Manko, K. Tanida, B. Lewis, E. O'Brien, Christine Nattrass, K. Boyle, H. Masui, P. A. Rukoyatkin, D. Hornback, Z. Fraenkel, M. Leitgab, Shuo Han, J. E. Frantz, Jongmin Lee, H. Pereira, Matthew Snowball, T. O. S. Haseler, J. Imrek, Aaron White, J. Bryslawskyj, I. Danchev, I. Tserruya, J. S. Kang, A. Iordanova, M. Jezghani, A. A. Bickley, A. Mwai, Prakhar Garg, M. Wysocki, Raphael Noel Tieulent, Paul Constantin, V. Singh, B. Bannier, H. Qu, P. B. Diss, H. Asano, J. Murata, Kenjiro Miki, Bruno Lenzi, John Wood, G. R. Young, E. Kistenev, R. K. Choudhury, B. Azmoun, Y. J. Mao, B. Meredith, Motoi Inaba, J. C. Hill, Takao Sakaguchi, A. Sen, C. O. Kim, A. Enokizono, Eva Haslum, R. Pak, L. Tomášek, T. Koblesky, Beomkyu Kim, Wei Xie, M. Sarsour, V. S. Pantuev, C. M. Camacho, Prashant Shukla, M. Grosse Perdekamp, K. B. Lee, P. Mikeš, B. Love, R. M. Wright, D. Blau, S. F. Pate, A. Taketani, Hideki Hamagaki, K. Aoki, Priyanka Sett, M. Vargyas, Gerd Joachim Kunde, C. Vale, I. Shein, J. Jin, Ke. Nakamura, D. S. Jumper, Makoto Oka, Tomofumi Nagae, J. L. Nagle, P. Castera, P. Kline, G. David, T. Todoroki, K. S. Lee, A. Dion, E. J. Desmond, K. I. Hahn, A. Timilsina, M. E. Connors, M. Sano, A. Glenn, J. Hamblen, J. Hanks, L. Patel, L. Ding, A. G. Litvinenko, E. Vazquez-Zambrano, H. Al-Bataineh, A. Deshpande, J. A. Key, S. Afanasiev, A. Ster, N. Feege, Eunja Kim, K. Sedgwick, A. D. Frawley, Mihael Makek, I. Ravinovich, P. Liebing, A. Sexton, A. Nederlof, H. A. Torii, S. K. Park, Toru Sugitate, J. Newby, D. Roach, K. M. Kijima, S. Motschwiller, T. C. Awes, A. Rakotozafindrabe, Kyoichiro Ozawa, T. Liška, J. Sun, D. Ivanishchev, A. Kozlov, R. Seto, V. Papavassiliou, M. Bai, T. W. Danley, E. C. Aschenauer, M. Kasai, K. Hashimoto, K. Okada, B. Sahlmueller, H. En'yo, Y. Tsuchimoto, Tadaaki Isobe, Xingguo Li, B. Fadem, Y. Watanabe, I. J. Choi, B. Xia, I. E. Yushmanov, J. D. Osborn, Inseok Yoon, Zhiying You, J. Alexander, M. J. Leitch, R. Bennett, M. Slunečka, L. Guo, P. L. McGaughey, W. Holzmann, A. Taranenko, Alexei Khanzadeev, K. S. Sim, Shinichi Masumoto, H. F. Hamilton, T. L.T. Thomas, M. Finger, E. Stenlund, T. Horaguchi, M. Proissl, D. Winter, François Fleuret, S. Huang, H. A. Gustafsson, S. Beckman, D. Yu Peressounko, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, Vardan Khachatryan, Ralf Peter Averbeck, L. Zou, Dennis Perepelitsa, Y. I. Makdisi, Y. Tanaka, E. Mannel, S. Baumgart, Masamichi Ishihara, M. Javani, S. R. P. Mohapatra, C. Zhang, Minghui Liu, R. Yang, M. Heffner, T. V. Moukhanova, Kenneth Francis Read, T. Ichihara, P. Ružička, Viktor Riabov, Takahiro Fusayasu, K. V. Dharmawardane, K. Imai, M. I. Nagy, K. O. Eyser, D. Watanabe, Y. Onuki, M. J. Tannenbaum, Marcus Hohlmann, M. D. Malik, H. J. Moon, L. Baksay, B. K. Schmoll, Alexander Malakhov, H. Pei, E. Tennant, R. Lacey, E. Vznuzdaev, R. Granier de Cassagnac, A. Adare, R. Kitamura, Timothy Thomas Rinn, H. J. Kim, Charles Maguire, D. Silvermyr, L. S. Zolin, W. J. Park, Serpil Yalcin, Christopher Rosen, Aaron Angerami, A. Yanovich, W. A. Zajc, L. Xue, V. Baublis, A. Denisov, Yuki Watanabe, V. Cianciolo, Sergey Fokin, Ryugo S. Hayano, Y. Riabov, Kenta Shigaki, M. Nguyen, A. S. Nyanin, Rachid Nouicer, A. N. Zelenski, C. L. Woody, A. Berdnikov, Petr Gallus, A. Garishvili, I. V. Sourikova, J. P. Wessels, J. Seele, M. Ouchida, N. Means, M. Patel, X. Jiang, Torsten Dahms, K. Sakashita, D. Kotov, M. S. Daugherity, Eun Joo Kim, Ferdinando Giordano, Y. Komatsu, A. Kiss, Henner Buesching, Jason Kamin, Steve Edwards, M. Tomášek, S. P. Stoll, G. S. Kyle, X. Gong, S. S.E. Rosendahl, G. Bunce, L. A. Linden Levy, J.-G. Park, Agneta Oskarsson, D. Jouan, Byung-Sik Hong, Y. Berdnikov, A. Bazilevsky, S. H. Lee, C. McKinney, M. Mishra, Brennan Schaefer, S. Nagamiya, Vaclav Vrba, Klaus Johannes Reygers, Astrid Morreale, Rui Wei, H. W. Yu, P. Rosnet, C. A. Ogilvie, K. Fujiwara, Kisung Lee, T. K. Hemmick, Bhawani Singh, B. J. Ramson, Y. L. Yamaguchi, Frank Ellinghaus, Yasuo Miake, D. M. Lee, K. DeBlasio, L. Kochenda, M. Issah, E. Leitner, R. Pinson, S. Mizuno, Don McGlinchey, S. Wolin, N. Kamihara, K. Kiriluk, F. Matathias, B. Komkov, Byoungchoo Park, A. Drees, Norio Saito, Tsutomu Mibe, M. A. L. Leite, S. H. Lim, J. S. Kapustinsky, V. Babintsev, Mate Csanad, and A. Meles

Subjects
Physics, Photon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Hadron, Bremsstrahlung, 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, Particle identification, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Rapidity, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, Anisotropy, media_common
Abstract

The PHENIX experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has measured second- and third-order Fourier coefficients of the azimuthal distributions of direct photons emitted at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV for various collision centralities. Combining two different analysis techniques, results were obtained in the transverse momentum range of 0.4

Published
2016

73. Tu1453 – Teduglutide Ameriorates Extra-Pancreatic Inflammation by Reduction of Portal Venous Lps Levels in Cerulein-Induced Pancreatitis Model in Mice

Author

Suwan Oh, Jonathan D. Kaunitz, and Yasutada Akiba

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Hepatology, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Gastroenterology, medicine.disease, Teduglutide, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Internal medicine, Medicine, Pancreatitis, Pancreatic inflammation, business, Reduction (orthopedic surgery)
Published
2019

74. Lipopolysaccharides transport during fat absorption in rodent small intestine.

Author

Yasutada Akiba, Maruta, Koji, Takeshi Takajo, Kazuyuki Narimatsu, Said, Hyder, Ikuo Kato, Atsukazu Kuwahara, and Kaunitz, Jonathan D.

Abstract

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are potent pro-inflammatory molecules that enter the systemic circulation from the intestinal lumen by uncertain mechanisms. We investigated these mechanisms and the effect of exogenous glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) on LPS transport in the rodent small intestine. Transmucosal LPS transport was measured in Ussing-chambered rat jejunal mucosa. In anesthetized rats, the appearance of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-LPS into the portal vein (PV) and the mesenteric lymph was simultaneously monitored after intraduodenal perfusion of FITC-LPS with oleic acid and taurocholate (OA/TCA). In vitro, luminally applied LPS rapidly appeared in the serosal solution only with luminal OA/TCA present, inhibited by the lipid raft inhibitor methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) and the CD36 inhibitor sulfosuccinimidyl oleate (SSO), or by serosal GLP-2. In vivo, perfusion of FITC-LPS with OA/TCA rapidly increased FITC-LPS appearance into the PV, followed by a gradual increase of FITC-LPS into the lymph. Rapid PV transport was inhibited by the addition of MβCD or by SSO, whereas transport into the lymph was inhibited by chylomicron synthesis inhibition. Intraveous injection of the stable GLP-2 analog teduglutide acutely inhibited FITC-LPS transport into the PV, yet accelerated FITC-LPS transport into the lymph via Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME)- and PG97-269-sensitive mechanisms. In vivo confocal microscopy in mouse jejunum confirmed intracellular FITC-LPS uptake with no evidence of paracellular localization. This is the first direct demonstration in vivo that luminal LPS may cross the small intestinal barrier physiologically during fat absorption via lipid raft- and CD36-mediated mechanisms, followed by predominant transport into the PV, and that teduglutide inhibits LPS uptake into the PV in vivo. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report direct in vivo confirmation of transcellular lipopolysaccharides (LPS) uptake from the intestine into the portal vein (PV) involving CD36 and lipid rafts, with minor uptake via the canonical chylomicron pathway. The gut hormone glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) inhibited uptake into the PV. These data suggest that the bulk of LPS absorption is via the PV to the liver, helping clarify the mechanism of LPS transport into the PV as part of the "gut-liver" axis. These data do not support the paracellular transport of LPS, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the "leaky gut" syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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75. DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PIG SYMPOSIUM: Involvement of gut chemosensing in the regulation of mucosal barrier function and defense mechanisms1,2

Author

Jonathan D. Kaunitz, I. Kaji, and Yasutada Akiba

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Duodenum, Swine, G protein, Vasoactive intestinal peptide, Enteroendocrine cell, Biology, Article, Bile Acids and Salts, Intestinal mucosa, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Internal medicine, Glucagon-Like Peptide 2, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Amino Acids, Intestinal Mucosa, Receptor, G protein-coupled receptor, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, General Medicine, G protein-coupled bile acid receptor, Rats, Bicarbonates, Endocrinology, Animal Science and Zoology, Food Science, Hormone
Abstract

Meal ingestion is followed by release of numerous hormones from enteroendocrine cells interspersed among the epithelial cells lining the intestine. Recently, the de-orphanization of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-type nutrient receptors, expressed on the apical membranes of enteroendocrine cells, has suggested a plausible mechanism whereby luminal nutrients trigger the release of gut hormones. Activation of nutrient receptors triggers intracellular signaling mechanisms that promote exocytosis of hormone-containing granules into the submucosal space. Hormones released by foregut enteroendocrine cells include the glucagon-like peptides (GLP) affecting glycemic control (GLP-1) and releasing pro-proliferative, hypertrophy-inducing growth factors (GLP-2). The foregut mucosa, being exposed to pulses of concentrated HCl, is protected by a system of defense mechanisms, which includes epithelial bicarbonate and mucus secretion and augmentation of mucosal blood flow. We have reported that luminal co-perfusion of AA with nucleotides in anesthetized rats releases GLP-2 into the portal vein, associated with increased bicarbonate and mucus secretion and mucosal blood flow. The GLP-2 increases bicarbonate secretion via release of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) from myenteric nerves. Luminal bile acids also release gut hormones due to activation of the bile-acid receptor known as G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPR) 131, G Protein Bile Acid Receptor (GPBAR) 1, or Takeda G Protein-Coupled Receptor (TGR) 5, also expressed on enteroendocrine cells. The GLP are metabolized by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), an enzyme of particular interest to pharmaceutical, because its inhibition increases plasma concentrations of GLP-1 to treat diabetes. We have also reported that DPPIV inhibition enhances the secretory effects of nutrient-evoked GLP-2. Understanding the release mechanism and the metabolic pathways of gut hormones is of potential utility to the formulation of feedstuff additives that, by increasing nutrient absorption due to increased mucosal mass, can increase yields.

Published
2013

76. Measurements of directed, elliptic, and triangular flow in Cu + Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV

Author

Martin Purschke, C. A. Aidala, Z. Rowan, M. Mendoza, D. Kotchetkov, Atsushi Takahara, Shunji Nishimura, K. A. Drees, A. Ster, N. Feege, M. Moskowitz, V. Bumazhnov, M. Patel, D. Black, Hideyuki Oide, X. Jiang, J. Rak, Agneta Oskarsson, D. Kotov, H. Ge, Y. Tanaka, N. Cronin, T. Niida, K. Nakano, E. Mannel, A. Lebedev, Alexander Milov, J. Klatsky, Y. Berdnikov, I. Nakagawa, S. H. Lee, W. E. Sondheim, C. McKinney, Brennan Schaefer, Alice Mignerey, K. N. Barish, Young-Ki Kim, T. Engelmore, N. Novitzky, J. T. Mitchell, A. Sexton, R. Seto, T. W. Danley, K. Watanabe, B. Fadem, Jason Kamin, S. Nagamiya, O. Drapier, J. B. Choi, L. Zou, K. Boyle, S. P. Stoll, Vaclav Vrba, L. D'Orazio, S. Miyasaka, Pawan Kumar Netrakanti, Barbara Jacak, J. E. Frantz, M. L. Brooks, K. Shoji, N. Hotvedt, R. Seidl, D. P. Morrison, J. Huang, Ryugo S. Hayano, X. He, M. Beaumier, K. S. Joo, Aaron White, S. Kanda, Yongsun Kim, B. Meredith, Vladislav Manko, Jongmin Lee, A. Taranenko, D. K. Mishra, S. Campbell, B. H. Kang, Y. Riabov, R. Belmont, S. Yokkaichi, Robert Vertesi, Prakhar Garg, M. Wysocki, R. S. Hollis, S. Baumgart, M. S. Daugherity, J. Koster, Shoichi Hasegawa, P. W. Stankus, B. Bannier, Takao Sakaguchi, A. Sen, A. Shaver, Y. Fukao, Kenta Shigaki, J. G. Rubin, A. Mwai, A. Meles, E. T. Atomssa, J. Bryslawskyj, S. J. Jeon, Ferdinando Giordano, H. A. Torii, Toru Sugitate, A. Enokizono, P. K. Khandai, A. Taketani, Priyanka Sett, A. S. Nyanin, Y. L. Yamaguchi, A. D. Frawley, D. Jouan, Minghui Liu, M. Grosse Perdekamp, X. Bai, S. K. Park, Tatsuya Chujo, S. Mizuno, C. Gal, R. A. Soltz, H. Nakagomi, T. Hoshino, C. L. Silva, T. Murakami, B. Komkov, S. Choi, E. Kistenev, Rachid Nouicer, A. N. Zelenski, D. S. Jumper, D. E. Fields, N. S. Bandara, Vladimir Samsonov, Christine Nattrass, J. H. Kang, J. Sun, C. Baumann, M. Skolnik, S. Sawada, A. Franz, Julia Velkovska, Y. J. Kwon, J. S. Haggerty, T. Hester, K. Dehmelt, J. M. Durham, J. H. Do, R. Kitamura, C. L. Towell, Susumu Sato, François Fleuret, Jen-Chieh Peng, Hari Guragain, M. S. Ryu, C. L. Woody, A. Berdnikov, S. Wolin, Jong-Min Park, Taku Gunji, D. Yu Peressounko, Dennis Perepelitsa, H. F. Hamilton, Kenneth Francis Read, R. S. Towell, Prashant Shukla, I. Ravinovich, S. Tarafdar, Norio Saito, Tsutomu Mibe, D. Reynolds, M. Rosati, Tamás Csörgő, A. Deshpande, P. Steinberg, Tomofumi Nagae, J. L. Nagle, Takahiro Fusayasu, M. McCumber, C. P. Singh, S. F. Pate, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, Vardan Khachatryan, Ke. Nakamura, J. S. Kang, Inkyu Park, M. Bai, A. Timilsina, Xiong Wang, T. Ichihara, Y. I. Makdisi, S. H. Lim, Petr Gallus, H. Asano, N. Riveli, Dong Jo Kim, Timothy Thomas Rinn, B. M. Johnson, Senta Greene, V. S. Pantuev, Filip Krizek, Henner Buesching, D. Silvermyr, Y. Nakamiya, D. Lynch, S. P. Whitaker, Jiangyong Jia, E. O'Brien, A. Drees, I. J. Choi, B. Xia, J. A. Key, A. Garishvili, J. S. Kapustinsky, A. Isinhue, Sung Keun Park, Y. S. Lai, H. Van Hecke, A. Yanovich, A. Veicht, M. J. Tannenbaum, J. D. Osborn, I. V. Sourikova, D. Ivanishchev, V. Babintsev, M. Tomášek, S. Butsyk, I. Tserruya, Y. Ikeda, Y. Goto, X. Gong, N. N. Ajitanand, M. Jezghani, S. R. P. Mohapatra, Inseok Yoon, Zhiying You, B. K. Schmoll, K. Okada, James Alexander, B. Sahlmueller, S. Solano, V. Singh, N. Grau, M. J. Leitch, E. Tennant, M. Finger, V. Papavassiliou, Byung-Sik Hong, T. Koblesky, Y. Watanabe, S. Zhou, G. D. N. Perera, C. A. Ogilvie, Takahiro Nakamura, M. Leitgab, A. Bazilevsky, T. K. Hemmick, Bhawani Singh, B. J. Ramson, M. Sarsour, Shuo Han, Yasuo Miake, J. Seele, J. Sziklai, H. W. Yu, H. Sako, K. DeBlasio, M. Slunečka, Viktor Riabov, Serpil Yalcin, D. Kleinjan, P. L. McGaughey, R. Pinson, M. Virius, Don McGlinchey, D. M. Lee, A. Glenn, Motoi Inaba, J. C. Hill, Brian Cole, S. D. Rolnick, R. Akimoto, G. H. Lee, Eunja Kim, A. Durum, K. B. Lee, J. D. Orjuela Koop, S. Bathe, D. Kawall, K. Tanida, C. H. Chen, W. A. Zajc, I. Garishvili, F. Wei, A. Manion, L. Xue, Kensuke Homma, E. Richardson, V. Baublis, Mate Csanad, S. Beckman, A. Denisov, Yuki Watanabe, V. Cianciolo, C. Pinkenburg, M. Chiu, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, T. A. Shibata, L. Ding, Sergey Fokin, M. Kofarago, D. Roach, K. M. Kijima, A. V. Kazantsev, Zvi Hirsh Citron, M. I. Nagy, M. Nihashi, D. Watanabe, K. Hashimoto, D. Isenhower, E. Vznuzdaev, Xingguo Li, Tamas Novak, T. Moon, M. Gonin, N. Crossette, Animesh Datta, T. Sumita, Kei Nagashima, A. Sukhanov, K. Kurita, M. Stepanov, G. W. Kim, Matthew Snowball, R. P. Pisani, I. Shein, L. Patel, Raphael Noel Tieulent, C. Y. Chi, Yasutada Akiba, Y. Sekiguchi, T. C. Awes, Kyoichiro Ozawa, C. O. Kim, R. Pak, S. P. Sorensen, M. Kurosawa, J. H. Yoo, K. Sedgwick, Mihael Makek, J. G. Lajoie, M. Alfred, T. Hachiya, S. Lee, Jennifer E. Perry, B. Lewis, B. Kimelman, Y. Imazu, N. Apadula, R. Petti, S. Esumi, D. Sharma, B. Azmoun, P. Kline, K. S. Lee, A. Dion, T. O. S. Haseler, H. Qu, P. B. Diss, Hideki Hamagaki, K. Aoki, M. Vargyas, G. David, T. Todoroki, K. I. Hahn, P. Montuenga, I. Younus, Peter Christiansen, Y. Gu, M. R. Stone, K. Imai, K. O. Eyser, R. Lacey, R. Granier de Cassagnac, A. Adare, Charles Maguire, Anne Marie Sickles, K. Gainey, J. S. Bok, Alexei Khanzadeev, E. Stenlund, S. Huang, Toshiki Maruyama, T. V. Moukhanova, Dmitry Blau, E. J. Desmond, J. Hanks, E. Vazquez-Zambrano, I. E. Yushmanov, Min-Hye Kim, A. Iordanova, and J. Murata

Subjects
Physics, Research program, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Atomic energy, Library science, 01 natural sciences, The arts, Bildung, Scholarship, 0103 physical sciences, Agency (sociology), 010306 general physics, Soviet union, China
Abstract

We thank the staff of the Collider-Accelerator and Physics Departments at Brookhaven National Laboratory and the staff of the other PHENIX participating institutions for their vital contributions. We acknowledge support from the Office of Nuclear Physics in the Office of Science of the Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation, Abilene Christian University Research Council, Research Foundation of SUNY, and Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University (USA), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Japan), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico and Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (Brazil), Natural Science Foundation of China (People's Republic of China), Croatian Science Foundation and Ministry of Science, Education, and Sports (Croatia), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, and Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (France), Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst, and Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung (Germany), National Science Fund, OTKA, Karoly Robert University College, and the Ch. Simonyi Fund (Hungary), Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Science and Technology (India), Israel Science Foundation (Israel), Basic Science Research Program through NRF of the Ministry of Education (Korea), Physics Department, Lahore University of Management Sciences (Pakistan), Ministry of Education and Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Agency of Atomic Energy (Russia), VR and Wallenberg Foundation (Sweden), the US Civilian Research and Development Foundation for the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union, the Hungarian American Enterprise Scholarship Fund, and the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation.

Published
2016

77. CFTR and pHi regulation

Author

Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Marshall H. Montrose, and Yasutada Akiba

Subjects
Genetically modified mouse, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Physiology, Intracellular pH, Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator, Biology, digestive system, Cystic fibrosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology (medical), medicine, Animals, Humans, Receptor, Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, digestive system diseases, Transmembrane protein, Gastrointestinal Tract, Gene Expression Regulation, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Mutation, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology
Abstract

to the editor: Using enteroids grown from crypts obtained from cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor (CFTR) transgenic mice, Walker et al. ([8][1]) measured intracellular pH (pHi) regulation using a standard fluorescent dye-loading methodology. Based on results, the authors concluded that crypts

Published
2016

78. Measurement of the higher-order anisotropic flow coefficients for identified hadrons in Au + Au collisions atsNN=200GeV

Author

C. Silvestre, Y. I. Makdisi, S. Belikov, K. S. Joo, L. Tomášek, J. Wessels, Alberica Toia, Marisilvia Donadelli, V. Bumazhnov, S. Mizuno, Yuhei Morino, E. M. Takagui, M. Kurosawa, P. Mikeš, Y. J. Kwon, E. J. Desmond, M. J. Tannenbaum, T. Engelmore, B. Komkov, Kenjiro Miki, Bruno Lenzi, E. Kistenev, K. Watanabe, S. N. White, R. Tanabe, A. Morreale, N. Kamihara, H. Pei, J. Hanks, S. Esumi, John Wood, D. Sharma, T. C. Awes, Kyoichiro Ozawa, T. Liška, I. Tserruya, F. Matathias, K. Shoji, R. Ichimiya, Senta Greene, Norio Saito, E. Vazquez-Zambrano, A. Rakotozafindrabe, J. Jin, Yongsun Kim, S. Afanasiev, K. Das, M. A. L. Leite, P. W. Stankus, P. Chung, S. Sawada, Barbara Jacak, C. L. Woody, Alice Mignerey, A. Berdnikov, J. Ying, A. Franz, Masamichi Ishihara, K. Nakano, A. Drees, Rushan Han, Martin Purschke, C. A. Aidala, W. E. Sondheim, J. Newby, Y. Tanaka, D. Ivanischev, Y. Tsuchimoto, E. Mannel, C. Baumann, Paul Constantin, Minghui Liu, B. Love, Takao Sakaguchi, M. I. Nagy, D. Watanabe, D. Kotchetkov, K. Boyle, P. A. Rukoyatkin, S. Kametani, V. S. Pantuev, K. Sakashita, J. Alexander, L. Baksay, S. Bathe, V. Singh, Marcus Hohlmann, I. E. Yushmanov, E. O 'Brien, C. P. Singh, K. A. Drees, M. Heffner, B. M. Johnson, Kenneth Francis Read, H. Qu, M. Grosse Perdekamp, A. Yu. Semenov, D. Hornback, J. S. Kapustinsky, Agneta Oskarsson, A. D. Frawley, Z. Fraenkel, Vladimir Samsonov, T. Ichihara, E. Vznuzdaev, H. A. Gustafsson, B. Meredith, J. Hamblen, M. Virius, A. Isupov, Hideki Hamagaki, K. Aoki, Y. Watanabe, R. K. Choudhury, J. E. Frantz, G. David, T. Todoroki, M. E. Connors, K. I. Hahn, V. Babintsev, Jason Kamin, B. Azmoun, Y. J. Mao, A. Král, S. K. Park, A. Lebedev, Y. Berdnikov, J. Sziklai, S. P. Stoll, A. Taranenko, C. Zhang, W. Holzmann, Alexei Khanzadeev, Kensuke Homma, E. Richardson, Brian Cole, M. Mishra, S. Nagamiya, K. Okada, Tadaaki Isobe, T. Horaguchi, B. Sahlmueller, Jongmin Lee, R. S. Towell, S. S.E. Rosendahl, G. Bunce, J.-G. Park, M. Chiu, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, E. Stenlund, I. V. Sourikova, S. Huang, M. J. Leitch, Vaclav Vrba, Klaus Johannes Reygers, H. A. Torii, Toru Sugitate, Torsten Dahms, J. L. Nagle, I. Garishvili, F. Wei, Kyeongpil Lee, M. Slunečka, O. Dietzsch, D. Jouan, K. S. Lee, A. Dion, A. G. Litvinenko, P. Liebing, Rui Wei, R. A. Soltz, E. T. Atomssa, A. Kiss, A. Glenn, H. Valle, J. Seele, S. Tarafdar, I. Younus, Peter Christiansen, T. Kempel, Viktor Riabov, R. Belmont, S. Yokkaichi, François Fleuret, Eunja Kim, David Olle Rickard Silvermyr, M. Proissl, D. Winter, D. Yu Peressounko, M. Naglis, J. Ide, Animesh Datta, M. Ouchida, Dipanwita Dutta, Henner Buesching, Jen-Chieh Peng, Ralf Peter Averbeck, D.H. Kim, T. A. Shibata, T. Sato, B. Bassalleck, P.L. McGaughey, Eun Joo Kim, C. L. Silva, N. Means, M. Wysocki, C. M. Camacho, C. Y. Chi, Prashant Shukla, W. A. Zajc, Yasutada Akiba, A. Kozlov, Julia Velkovska, Yu. Efremenko, C. A. Ogilvie, Steve Edwards, V. Baublis, D. Reynolds, M. Rosati, I. Danchev, Eva Haslum, G. S. Kyle, A. Denisov, V. Cianciolo, M. Konno, T. K. Hemmick, Bhawani Singh, Yasuo Miake, R. Seto, P. Ruzicka, D. Isenhower, T. V. Moukhanova, J. H. Kang, S. F. Pate, J. S. Haggerty, Beomkyu Kim, Inkyu Park, Wei Xie, Xiong Wang, Sergey Fokin, L. Kochenda, M. Issah, Malik, A. Deshpande, Byung-Sik Hong, A. Bazilevsky, J. M. Durham, Dong Jo Kim, Takahiro Fusayasu, Alexander Malakhov, A. A. Vinogradov, B. Fadem, H. Al-Bataineh, L. A. Linden Levy, Y. Nakamiya, D. Lynch, I. J. Choi, Ryugo S. Hayano, L. S. Zolin, A. Enokizono, Jiangyong Jia, Y. Goto, Y. Riabov, P. Rosnet, X. He, Y. S. Lai, A. Veicht, K. Fujiwara, D. Kawall, W. J. Park, Christopher Rosen, Taku Gunji, H. Gong, A. Yanovich, H. Van Hecke, Kenta Shigaki, D. M. Lee, A. Taketani, M. Nguyen, J. Murata, Y. L. Yamaguchi, K. Tanida, Y. Ikeda, G. Baksay, Alexander Milov, Y. Aramaki, F. Kajihara, A. S. Nyanin, V. Peresedov, Robert Vertesi, K. Kiriluk, A. Basye, I. Nakagawa, R. Luechtenborg, D. S. Jumper, Makoto Oka, E. Leitner, Tamas Ferenc Csorgo, Rachid Nouicer, V. Papavassiliou, O. Drapier, Frank Ellinghaus, Zvi Hirsh Citron, E. R. Kinney, J. Koster, C. Pinkenburg, D. P. Morrison, S. Campbell, S. Butsyk, Gerd Joachim Kunde, G. Roche, Tatsuya Chujo, S. Zhou, I. Shein, J. T. Mitchell, S. D. Rolnick, I. Ravinovich, H. Masui, R. Seidl, Vladislav Manko, K. Sedgwick, A. A. Bickley, M. Bai, K. N. Barish, C. Vale, S. Sano, Zhiying You, R. Bennett, M. L. Brooks, T. L.T. Thomas, M. Finger, S. Dairaku, Manabu Togawa, N. N. Ajitanand, C. H. Chen, Takahiro Nakamura, M. Gonin, Y. Onuki, Susumu Oda, A. Sukhanov, K. Kurita, Jan Rak, E. P. Hartouni, R. Lacey, H. Pereira, A. Durum, R. Granier de Cassagnac, A. Adare, Charles Maguire, K. Yamaura, R. Pak, K. B. Lee, Hongfang Liu, D. E. Fields, M. McCumber, A. K. Purwar, K. Karatsu, D. Roach, K. M. Kijima, Anne Marie Sickles, H. Themann, Xingguo Li, J. S. Bok, S. P. Sorensen, O. Chvala, Seong H. Kim, J. G. Lajoie, A. Kravitz, G. R. Young, K. S. Sim, H. En 'yo, Mate Csanad, R. Yang, R. P. Pisani, K. Imai, M. Kawashima, Y. Fukao, T. Hester, N. A. Sparks, N. Grau, Motoi Inaba, J. C. Hill, R. M. Wright, A. V. Kazantsev, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, and P. Tarján

Subjects
Physics, Valence (chemistry), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Transverse plane, 0103 physical sciences, Quark–gluon plasma, Atomic physics, Impact parameter, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Anisotropy
Abstract

Measurements of the anisotropic flow coefficients v2{Ψ2},v3{Ψ3},v4{Ψ4}, and v4{Ψ2} for identified particles (π±,K±, and p+p) at midrapidity, obtained relative to the event planes Ψm at forward rapidities in Au + Au collisions at sNN=200GeV, are presented as a function of collision centrality and particle transverse momenta pT. The vn coefficients show characteristic patterns consistent with hydrodynamical expansion of the matter produced in the collisions. For each harmonic n, a modified valence quark-number Nq scaling [plotting vn{Ψm}/(Nq)n/2 versus transverse kinetic energies (KET)/Nq] is observed to yield a single curve for all the measured particle species for a broad range of KET. A simultaneous blast-wave model fit to the observed vn{Ψm}(pT) coefficients and published particle spectra identifies radial flow anisotropies ρn{Ψm} and spatial eccentricities sn{Ψm} at freeze-out. These are generally smaller than the initial-state participant-plane geometric eccentricities n{ΨmPP} as also observed in the final eccentricity from quantum interferometry measurements with respect to the event plane. © 2016 American Physical Society. (Less)

Published
2016

79. Centrality-Dependent Modification of Jet-Production Rates in Deuteron-Gold Collisions atsNN=200 GeV

Author

Alexander Milov, R. A. Soltz, T. Engelmore, P. Sett, Frank Ellinghaus, Z. Rowan, Y. Watanabe, M. Mendoza, S. N. White, M. Grosse Perdekamp, F. Giordano, Deepa Thomas, E. R. Kinney, D. P. Morrison, M. E. Connors, N. S. Bandara, S. K. Park, J. E. Frantz, S. Bathe, Agneta Oskarsson, Zvi Hirsh Citron, M. Beaumier, Tatsuya Chujo, Vladimir Samsonov, Christine Nattrass, H. Ge, K. Nakano, K. S. Joo, M. Tomášek, G. S. Kyle, Y. Berdnikov, S. H. Lee, C. McKinney, James Alexander, R. Averbeck, Byung-Sik Hong, A. Bazilevsky, T. Todoroki, A. V. Kazantsev, W. E. Sondheim, Alexei Khanzadeev, Vaclav Vrba, Klaus Johannes Reygers, Takafumi Niida, J. Huang, H. A. Gustafsson, H. W. Yu, Alexandre Lebedev, K. Boyle, Y. Nakamiya, D. Lynch, L. Tomášek, E. Stenlund, C. Baumann, J. B. Choi, Sung Keun Park, T. L. Thomas, Rui Wei, D. M. Lee, X. Jiang, S. Esumi, R. Ichimiya, Hiroyuki Sako, B. Komkov, S. W. Nam, P. Ružička, Dipak Kumar Mishra, T. Jones, Peter Christiansen, M. K. Dayananda, G. Baksay, N. N. Ajitanand, S. Hasegawa, N. Feege, Bhartendu K. Singh, B. Azmoun, Y. J. Mao, A. Král, P. Liebing, Tsutomu Mibe, J. L. Nagle, D. Winter, Y. Fukao, Prakhar Garg, Jen-Chieh Peng, Viktor Riabov, J. G. Rubin, M. A. L. Leite, S. H. Lim, R. Belmont, J. S. Kapustinsky, A. Kiss, V. Babintsev, D. Yu Peressounko, Dennis Perepelitsa, J. Newby, J. H. Bhom, G. Roche, B. Bannier, K. S. Sim, Ryugo S. Hayano, Henner Buesching, B. Sahlmueller, Y. J. Kim, M. Oka, T. V. Moukhanova, Dmitry Blau, G. D. N. Perera, T. C. Awes, Kyoichiro Ozawa, T. Liška, Jun Kikuchi, D. Reynolds, Serpil Yalcin, F. Matathias, P. Kline, K. S. Lee, Atsushi Taketani, E. J. Desmond, M. Chiu, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, Takahiro Nakamura, V. S. Pantuev, D. McGlinchey, Susumu Oda, I. Nakagawa, Aaron Angerami, Steve Edwards, Inkyu Park, B. Meredith, Shunji Nishimura, K. A. Drees, Marcus Hohlmann, D. Hornback, S. Dairaku, Xiong Wang, Z. Conesa del Valle, E. Vazquez-Zambrano, T. A. Shibata, C. L. Silva, T. Sato, R. Yang, S. Taneja, Y. Tanaka, J. Hamblen, A. Durum, P. Montuenga, W. A. Zajc, L. A. Linden Levy, L. Xue, Kensuke Homma, E. Richardson, E. Mannel, John Hill, A. Taranenko, Y. Riabov, K. Imai, T. Murakami, Kenta Shigaki, S. Sato, O. Dietzsch, H. Valle, C. A. Ogilvie, T. K. Hemmick, B. J. Ramson, J. M. Durham, Yasuo Miake, Martin Purschke, V. Baublis, C. A. Aidala, B. Bassalleck, J. Rak, T. Hester, Kazushi Miki, D. Sharma, M. Kasai, Y. Tsuchimoto, M. Wysocki, T. Novák, I. Tserruya, Dipanwita Dutta, A. Denisov, M. Jezghani, Yu. Efremenko, V. Cianciolo, K. Yamaura, A. Meles, Y. Iwanaga, M. Konno, Toru Sugitate, J. Klatsky, K. DeBlasio, P. L. McGaughey, K. Fujiwara, K. Karatsu, Pawan Kumar Netrakanti, M. Nguyen, A. S. Nyanin, V. Singh, H. J. Moon, C. Gal, L. Baksay, Julia Velkovska, L. Kochenda, M. Issah, M. Virius, T. Koblesky, R. Pinson, D. Isenhower, A. Toia, A. Morreale, Rachid Nouicer, I. E. Yushmanov, T. Moon, Z. Fraenkel, M. Stepanov, Anne Marie Sickles, Sergey Fokin, H. Pei, Hongfang Liu, D. E. Fields, A. N. Zelenski, M. Proissl, V. Khachatryan, J. T. Mitchell, K. N. Barish, R. K. Choudhury, K. Okada, B. Schaefer, S. Tarafdar, B. V. Jacak, Senta Greene, A. Glenn, J. D. Orjuela Koop, K. Das, M. Rosati, N. Hotvedt, S. Sawada, R. Seidl, Eunja Kim, J. S. Bok, Vladislav Manko, Tamás Csörgő, J. Ying, M. McCumber, T. Kempel, C. L. Woody, A. Berdnikov, M. Naglis, H. Nakagomi, François Fleuret, T. Hoshino, A. Franz, M. Slunečka, A. T. Basye, S. Beckman, C. H. Chen, Gary Grim, Eva Haslum, M. J. Leitch, S. Belikov, T. Ichihara, K. V. Dharmawardane, S. Mizuno, B. Fadem, N. Apadula, A. Caringi, C. Oakley, A. Drees, A. Manion, J. Hanks, J. H. Kang, I. Ravinovich, Jiangyong Jia, E. O'Brien, D. J. Kim, Petr Gallus, G. R. Young, C. Vale, J. S. Haggerty, K. Sakashita, A. Timilsina, Charles Maguire, Takahiro Fusayasu, N. Grau, R. S. Towell, Prashant Shukla, M. Kurosawa, E. T. Atomssa, H. W. Van Hecke, D. Kotov, M. Bai, S. F. Pate, D. S. Jumper, D. Kleinjan, S. Campbell, E. Kistenev, Y. J. Kwon, Jason Kamin, I. V. Sourikova, S. P. Stoll, Kei Nagashima, A. Enokizono, D. Silvermyr, Ke. Nakamura, O. Drapier, P. Lichtenwalner, Y. Onuki, Y. Goto, H. Al-Bataineh, Motoi Inaba, J. Sun, Alice Mignerey, S. S.E. Rosendahl, G. Bunce, L. Zou, J. A. Key, R. M. Wright, M. Sarsour, Mate Csanad, W. J. Park, A. Iordanova, Christopher Rosen, R. Kitamura, G. W. Kim, P. Chung, N. Saito, D. Jouan, L. D'Orazio, Masamichi Ishihara, S. Miyasaka, D. Ivanishchev, J. H. Do, A. Yanovich, V. Papavassiliou, Y. S. Lai, S. Y. Han, J. D. Osborn, Inseok Yoon, Raphael Noel Tieulent, Minghui Liu, S. Nagamiya, M. Ouchida, C. L. Towell, Y. Ikeda, R. Lacey, N. Means, Zhiying You, J. Jin, Takao Sakaguchi, S. Sano, T. Rinn, M. Nihashi, A. Sen, M. Togawa, R. Bennett, M. Kawashima, M. Heffner, Kenneth Francis Read, M. Finger, E. M. Takagui, R. Granier de Cassagnac, A. Adare, A. Datta, H. Asano, T. O. S. Haseler, Jong-Min Park, M. Gonin, C. Pinkenburg, N. Novitzky, Jongmin Lee, Taku Gunji, H. Gong, J. Seele, D. Kawall, M. S. Daugherity, A. D. Frawley, H. Qu, P. B. Diss, K. Dehmelt, R. P. Pisani, K. Tanida, H. Themann, C. P. Singh, M. Patel, F. Kajihara, B. M. Johnson, J. Murata, Hideki Hamagaki, K. Aoki, Gerd Joachim Kunde, G. David, I. Shein, A. S. White, K. Sedgwick, S. Butsyk, S. Huang, Mihael Makek, A. Deshpande, R. J. Petti, K. I. Hahn, I. Younus, S. Zhou, T. Dahms, W. Holzmann, S. D. Rolnick, H. F. Hamilton, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, R. S. Hollis, J. Sziklai, K. Watanabe, Y. I. Makdisi, K. Shoji, Brian Cole, I. Garishvili, M. L. Brooks, S. Yokkaichi, F. Wei, M. J. Tannenbaum, H. Torii, B. K. Schmoll, A. Kim, Jaehyeok Yoo, S. Rembeczki, T. Sumita, C. Y. Chi, B. Love, Yasutada Akiba, Y. L. Yamaguchi, A. Sexton, R. Seto, T. W. Danley, I. Danchev, X. He, Y. Aramaki, Robert Vertesi, H. En'yo, J. Koster, H. Masui, A. Veicht, A. Mwai, S. Kanda, T. Horaguchi, P. W. Stankus, A. Sukhanov, K. Kurita, H. Pereira, Y. Morino, C. O. Kim, R. Pak, S. P. Sorensen, O. Chvala, C. Silvestre, J. G. Lajoie, M. Alfred, T. Hachiya, Marisilvia Donadelli, V. Bumazhnov, Min Soo Kim, R. Tanabe, Rushan Han, S. Lee, Jennifer E. Perry, A. Kravitz, K. B. Lee, D. Roach, K. M. Kijima, B. Kimelman, K. Hashimoto, Xingguo Li, A. Dion, Johannes Peter Wessels, J. Bryslawskyj, Beomkyu Kim, M. Snowball, I. J. Choi, B. Xia, M. I. Nagy, D. Watanabe, M. D. Malik, and E. Vznuzdaev

Subjects
Physics, Jet (fluid), Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, Deuterium, Pseudorapidity, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Production (computer science), PHENIX detector, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

Jet production rates are measured in p+p and d+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV recorded in 2008 with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Jets are reconstructed using the R=0.3 anti-k_{t} algorithm from energy deposits in the electromagnetic calorimeter and charged tracks in multiwire proportional chambers, and the jet transverse momentum (p_{T}) spectra are corrected for the detector response. Spectra are reported for jets with 12

Published
2016

80. Reduction of epithelial secretion in male rat distal colonic mucosa by bile acid receptor TGR5 agonist, INT-777: role of submucosal neurons

Author

Ganna Tolstanova, Izumi Kaji, Vincent Wu, Henri Duboc, Mandy Biraud, Yvette Taché, Muriel H. Larauche, Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Pu-Qing Yuan, Yasutada Akiba, and Mulugeta Million

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Agonist, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Carbachol, Physiology, medicine.drug_class, Colon, Biology, Article, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Bile Acids and Salts, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Basal (phylogenetics), 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Secretion, Cholinergic neuron, Intestinal Mucosa, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, Gastroenterology, Cholic Acids, G protein-coupled bile acid receptor, Ursodeoxycholic acid, Rats, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, chemistry, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Hexamethonium, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background Recent evidence from rat neuron-free mucosa study suggests that the membrane bile acid receptor TGR5 decreases colonic secretion under basal and stimulated conditions. As submucosal neurons are key players in secretory processes and highly express TGR5, we investigated their role in TGR5 agonist-induced inhibition of secretion and the pathways recruited. Methods TGR5 expression and localization were assessed in rat proximal (pC) and distal (dC) colon by qPCR and immunohistochemistry with double labeling for cholinergic neurons in whole-mount preparations. The influence of a selective (INT-777) or weak (ursodeoxycholic acid, UDCA) TGR5 agonist on colonic secretion was assessed in Ussing chambers, in dC preparation removing seromuscular ± submucosal tissues, in the presence of different inhibitors of secretion pathways. Key Results TGR5 mRNA is expressed in full thickness dC and pC and immunoreactivity is located in colonocytes and pChAT-positive neurons. Addition of INT-777, and less potently UDCA, decreased colonic secretion in seromuscular stripped dC by −58.17± 2.6%. INT-777 effect on basal secretion was reduced in neuron-free and TTX-treated mucosal-submucosal preparations. Atropine, hexamethonium, indomethacin, and L-NAME all reduced significantly INT-777's inhibitory effect while the 5-HT4 antagonist, RS-39604, and lidocaine abolished it. INT-777 inhibited stimulated colonic secretion induced by nicotine, but not cisapride, carbachol or PGE2. Conclusions & Inferences TGR5 activation inhibits basal and stimulated distal colonic secretion in rats by acting directly on epithelial cells and also inhibiting submucosal neurons. This could represent a counter-regulatory mechanism, at the submucosal level, of the known prosecretory effect of bile acids in the colon.

Published
2016

81. Constipation in 6-Hydroxydopamine Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease and Effect of Ghrelin Agonist HM01

Author

Nabila Moussaoui, Artem Minalyan, Izumi Kaji, Yvette Taché, Lixin Wang, Yasutada Akiba, and Jonathan D. Kaunitz

Subjects
Agonist, Hydroxydopamine, medicine.medical_specialty, Constipation, Parkinson's disease, Hepatology, business.industry, medicine.drug_class, Rat model, Gastroenterology, medicine.disease, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, medicine, Ghrelin, medicine.symptom, business
Published
2017

83. Oesophageal sensation in response to high PCO2 and acidic solutions in nonerosive reflux disease

Author

Nicole Ashpole, Choo Hean Poh, Ofer Fass, Jose M. Guillen-Rodriguez, Ronnie Fass, Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Tiberiu Hershcovici, and Yasutada Akiba

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Nerd, Clinical Biochemistry, Reflux, Heartburn, General Medicine, Biochemistry, Crossover study, Gastroenterology, pCO2, Intensity (physics), medicine.anatomical_structure, Internal medicine, Submucosa, medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Perfusion
Abstract

Eur J Clin Invest 2011 Abstract Background Heartburn is commonly associated with the presence of acid in the oesophageal lumen. However, in patients with nonerosive reflux disease (NERD), the mechanism by which acid traverses the mucosa is not clear. We hypothesized that the luminal acid signal traverses the oesophageal epithelium in the form of the highly permeant gas CO2, which then is reconverted to H+ in the submucosa. Materials and methods Ten patients with heartburn, normal upper endoscopy and increased oesophageal acid exposure (NERD patients) and 10 healthy subjects were enrolled. Perceptual responses to intraoesophageal acid (0·1 N HCl solution) and a high PCO2 solution were determined using a randomized cross over design. Stimulus–response functions to perfusions were quantified by three parameters: lag time to symptom perception, intensity rating and perfusion sensitivity score. Results In NERD patients, the difference in lag time to typical symptom perception, intensity rating and perfusion sensitivity score between high PCO2 and acid perfusions was statistically significant (P = 0·02, 0·01 and 0·02, respectively). However, the difference in the same perfusion parameters between acid and high PCO2 perfusions was nonsignificant in healthy controls. When NERD and controls were compared, the difference between the different perfusion variables was nonsignificant (adjusted to age). Conclusions In NERD subjects, acid perfusion reliably evoked heartburn symptoms of greater intensity than in healthy controls. Nevertheless, a high PCO2 perfusion failed to produce symptoms in either group.

Published
2011

84. Duodenal Chemosensing and Mucosal Defenses

Author

Jonathan D. Kaunitz and Yasutada Akiba

Subjects
Paper, Duodenum, Extramural, Gastroenterology, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Pharmacology, Chemoreceptor Cells, Physiological responses, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Gastric Acid, Bicarbonates, Esophagus, Biochemistry, Receptors, Purinergic P2Y, Humans, Duodenal mucosa, Amino Acids, Intestinal Mucosa, Receptors, Calcium-Sensing
Abstract

The duodenal mucosa is exposed to endogenous and exogenous chemicals, including acid, CO2, bile acids and nutrients. Mucosal chemical sensors are necessary to exert physiological responses such as secretion, digestion, absorption, and motility. We propose a mucosal chemosensing system by which luminal chemicals are sensed via mucosal acid sensors and G-protein-coupled receptors. Luminal acid/CO2 sensing consists of ecto- and cytosolic carbonic anhydrases, epithelial ion transporters, and acid sensors expressed on the afferent nerves in the duodenum. Furthermore, a luminal L-glutamate signal is mediated via mucosal L-glutamate receptors, including metabotropic glutamate receptors and taste receptor 1 family heterodimers, with activation of afferent nerves and cyclooxygenase, whereas luminal Ca2+ is differently sensed via the calcium-sensing receptor in the duodenum. Recent studies also show the involvement of enteroendocrine G-protein-coupled receptors in bile acid and fatty acid sensing in the duodenum. These luminal chemosensors help activate mucosal defense mechanisms in or- der to maintain the mucosal integrity and physiological responses. Stimulation of luminal chemosensing in the duodenal mucosa may prevent mucosal injury, affect nutrient metabolism, and modulate sensory nerve activity.

Published
2011

85. Endogenous Luminal Surface Adenosine Signaling Regulates Duodenal Bicarbonate Secretion in Rats

Author

Maggie Ham, Joonho Wang, Chikako Watanabe, Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Paul H. Guth, Takanari Nakano, Misa Mizumori, Yasutada Akiba, Takuya Inoue, and Eli Engel

Subjects
Male, Adenosine monophosphate, Agonist, medicine.medical_specialty, P2Y receptor, Adenosine, Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists, Adenosine Deaminase, Duodenum, medicine.drug_class, Receptor, Adenosine A2B, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adenosine Triphosphate, Adenosine deaminase, Equilibrative Nucleoside Transport Proteins, Internal medicine, Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists, medicine, Animals, Intestinal Mucosa, Receptor, Pharmacology, biology, Receptors, Purinergic P1, Membrane Proteins, Membrane Transport Proteins, Receptor antagonist, Adenosine receptor, Adenosine Monophosphate, Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists, Rats, Perfusion, Bicarbonates, Endocrinology, Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists, chemistry, biology.protein, Molecular Medicine, Purinergic P2Y Receptor Agonists, Gastrointestinal, Hepatic, Pulmonary, and Renal, Signal Transduction, medicine.drug
Abstract

Luminal ATP increases duodenal bicarbonate secretion (DBS) via brush border P2Y receptors. Because ATP is sequentially dephosphorylated to adenosine (ADO) and the brush border highly expresses adenosine deaminase (ADA), we hypothesized that luminal [ADO] regulators and sensors, including P1 receptors, ADA, and nucleoside transporters (NTs) regulate DBS. We measured DBS with pH and CO(2) electrodes, perfusing ADO ± adenosine receptor agonists or antagonists or the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibitor CFTR(inh)-172 on DBS. Furthermore, we examined the effect of inhibitors of ADA or NT on DBS. Perfusion of AMP or ADO (0.1 mM) uniformly increased DBS, whereas inosine had no effect. The A(1/2) receptor agonist 5'-(N-ethylcarboxamido)-adenosine (0.1 mM) increased DBS, whereas ADO-augmented DBS was inhibited by the potent A(2B) receptor antagonist N-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-[4-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-2,6-dioxo-1,3-dipropyl-1H-purin-8-yl)phenoxy]-acetamide (MRS1754) (10 μM). Other selective adenosine receptor agonists or antagonists had no effect. The A(2B) receptor was immunolocalized to the brush border membrane of duodenal villi, whereas the A(2A) receptor was immunolocalized primarily to the vascular endothelium. Furthermore, ADO-induced DBS was enhanced by 2'-deoxycoformycin (1 μM) and formycin B (0.1 mM), but not by S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (0.1 mM), and it was abolished by CFTR(inh)-172 pretreatment (1 mg/kg i.p). Moreover, ATP (0.1 mM)-induced DBS was partially reduced by (1R,2S,4S,5S)-4-2-iodo-6-(methylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]-2-(phosphonooxy)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-methanol dihydrogen phosphate ester tetraammonium salt (MRS2500) or 8-[4-[4-(4-chlorophenzyl)piperazide-1-sulfonyl)phenyl]]-1-propylxanthine (PSB603) and abolished by both, suggesting that ATP is sequentially degraded to ADO. Luminal ADO stimulates DBS via A(2B) receptors and CFTR. ATP release, ecto-phosphohydrolases, ADA, and concentrative NT may coordinately regulate luminal surface ADO concentration to modulate ADO-P1 receptor signaling in rat duodenum.

Published
2010

86. Purinergic regulation of duodenal surface pH and ATP concentration: implications for mucosal defence, lipid uptake and cystic fibrosis

Author

Jonathan D. Kaunitz and Yasutada Akiba

Subjects
P2Y receptor, Brush border, biology, Physiology, Purinergic receptor, Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, chemistry.chemical_compound, Intestinal mucosa, chemistry, Biochemistry, ATP hydrolysis, biology.protein, Alkaline phosphatase, Adenosine triphosphate
Abstract

The duodenum secretes HCO₃⁻ as part of a multi-layered series of defence mechanisms against damage from luminal acid. In the 1980s, an alkaline surface layer was measured over the mucosa which correlated with the rate of HCO₃⁻ secretion. As all biological processes are regulated, we investigated how the alkaline pH of the surface layer was maintained. As the ecto-phosphorylase alkaline phosphatase (AP) is highly expressed in the duodenal brush border, we hypothesized that its extreme alkaline pH optimum (∼pH 8-9) combined with its ability to hydrolyse regulatory purines such as ATP was part of an ecto-purinergic signalling system, consisting also of brush border P2Y receptors and cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator-mediated HCO₃⁻ secretion. Extracellular ATP increases the rate of HCO₃⁻ secretion through this purinergic system. At high surface pH (pH(s)), AP activity is increased, which then increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis, decreasing surface ATP concentration ([ATP](s)), with a resultant decrease in the rate of HCO₃⁻ secretion, which subsequently decreases pH(s) . This feedback loop is thus hypothesized to regulate pH(s) over the duodenal mucosa, and in several other HCO₃⁻ secretory organs. As AP activity is directly related to pH(s) , and as AP hydrolyses ATP, [ATP](s) and pH(s) are co-regulated. As many essential tissue functions such as ciliary motility and lipid uptake are dependent on [ATP](s) , dysregulation of pH(s) and [ATP](s) may help explain the tissue dysfunction characteristic of diseases such as cystic fibrosis.

Published
2010

87. Sa1171 - The Stable Glp-2 Analog Teduglutide Acutely Reduces Lipidinduced Lps Transport Into the Portal Vein and Inhibits Intestinal Permeability Increase after Systemic Inflammation

Author

Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Yasutada Akiba, and Takeshi Takajo

Subjects
GLP-2 Analog, Intestinal permeability, Hepatology, business.industry, Gastroenterology, Portal vein, Pharmacology, Systemic inflammation, medicine.disease, Teduglutide, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, medicine, medicine.symptom, LPS transport, business
Published
2018

89. Luminal chemosensing in the duodenal mucosa

Author

Jonathan D. Kaunitz and Yasutada Akiba

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, Enteroendocrine cell, Stimulation, Biology, Cell biology, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Taste receptor, Metabotropic glutamate receptor, Internal medicine, medicine, Gastric acid, Secretion, Receptor, Sensory nerve
Abstract

The upper gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa is exposed to endogenous and exogenous chemicals, including gastric acid, CO₂ and nutrients. Mucosal chemical sensors are necessary to exert physiological responses such as secretion, digestion, absorption and motility. We propose the mucosal chemosensing system by which luminal chemicals are sensed to trigger mucosal defence mechanisms via mucosal acid sensors and taste receptors. Luminal acid/CO₂ is sensed via ecto- and cytosolic carbonic anhydrases and ion transporters in the epithelial cells and via acid sensors on the afferent nerves in the duodenum and the oesophagus. Gastric acid sensing is differentially mediated via endocrine cell acid sensors and afferent nerves. Furthermore, a luminal l-glutamate signal is mediated via epithelial l-glutamate receptors, including metabotropic glutamate receptors and taste receptor 1 family heterodimers, with activation of afferent nerves and cyclooxygenase, whereas luminal Ca²(+) is differently sensed via the calcium-sensing receptor in the duodenum. These luminal chemosensors help to activate mucosal defence mechanisms in order to maintain the mucosal integrity and physiological responses of the upper GI tract. Stimulation of luminal chemosensing in the upper GI mucosa may prevent mucosal injury, affect nutrient metabolism and modulate sensory nerve activity.

Published
2010

90. Gastric carbonic anhydrase IX deficiency: At base, it is all about acid

Author

Jonathan D. Kaunitz and Yasutada Akiba

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, tight junctions, pHi regulation, Physiology, Chemistry, Extramural, Stomach, carbonic anhydrase, Down-Regulation, Gastrointestinal Physiology, Carbonic Anhydrase IX, digestive system diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Biochemistry, Claudins, Regular Paper, gastric mucosal defence, Base (exponentiation), gastric acid, Carbonic Anhydrases
Abstract

Aim This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms for the parietal cell loss and fundic hyperplasia observed in gastric mucosa of mice lacking the carbonic anhydrase 9 (CAIX). Methods We assessed the ability of CAIX‐knockout and WT gastric surface epithelial cells to withstand a luminal acid load by measuring the pH i of exteriorized gastric mucosa in vivo using two‐photon confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cytokines and claudin‐18A2 expression was analysed by RT‐PCR. Results CAIX‐knockout gastric surface epithelial cells showed significantly faster pH i decline after luminal acid load compared to WT. Increased gastric mucosal IL‐1β and iNOS, but decreased claudin‐18A2 expression (which confer acid resistance) was observed shortly after weaning, prior to the loss of parietal and chief cells. At birth, neither inflammatory cytokines nor claudin‐18 expression were altered between CAIX and WT gastric mucosa. The gradual loss of acid secretory capacity was paralleled by an increase in serum gastrin, IL‐11 and foveolar hyperplasia. Mild chronic proton pump inhibition from the time of weaning did not prevent the claudin‐18 decrease nor the increase in inflammatory markers at 1 month of age, except for IL‐1β. However, the treatment reduced the parietal cell loss in CAIX‐KO mice in the subsequent months. Conclusions We propose that CAIX converts protons that either backflux or are extruded from the cells rapidly to CO 2 and H2O, contributing to tight junction protection and gastric epithelial pH i regulation. Lack of CAIX results in persistent acid backflux via claudin‐18 downregulation, causing loss of parietal cells, hypergastrinaemia and foveolar hyperplasia.

Published
2018

91. Luminal <scp>l</scp>-glutamate enhances duodenal mucosal defense mechanisms via multiple glutamate receptors in rats

Author

Yasutada Akiba, Chikako Watanabe, Jonathan D. Kaunitz, and Misa Mizumori

Subjects
Male, Taste, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Duodenum, Physiology, Monosodium glutamate, Glutamic Acid, Biology, Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mucosal Biology, Taste receptor, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists, Laser-Doppler Flowmetry, medicine, Animals, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors, Secretion, Neurons, Afferent, Intestinal Mucosa, Neurotransmitter, Receptor, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Glutamate receptor, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Calcium Channel Blockers, Mucus, Rats, Bicarbonates, Calcium Channel Agonists, Endocrinology, chemistry, Cytoprotection, Regional Blood Flow, Sensory System Agents, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists, Receptors, Calcium-Sensing, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Presence of taste receptor families in the gastrointestinal mucosa suggests a physiological basis for local and early detection of a meal. We hypothesized that luminal l-glutamate, which is the primary nutrient conferring fundamental umami or proteinaceous taste, influences mucosal defense mechanisms in rat duodenum. We perfused the duodenal mucosa of anesthetized rats with l-glutamate (0.1–10 mM). Intracellular pH (pHi) of the epithelial cells, blood flow, and mucus gel thickness (MGT) were simultaneously and continuously measured in vivo. Some rats were pretreated with indomethacin or capsaicin. Duodenal bicarbonate secretion (DBS) was measured with flow-through pH and CO2 electrodes. We tested the effects of agonists or antagonists for metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) 1 or 4 or calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) on defense factors. Luminal l-glutamate dose dependently increased pHi and MGT but had no effect on blood flow in the duodenum. l-glutamate (10 mM)-induced cellular alkalinization and mucus secretion were inhibited by pretreatment with indomethacin or capsaicin. l-glutamate effects on pHi and MGT were mimicked by mGluR4 agonists and inhibited by an mGluR4 antagonist. CaSR agonists acidified cells with increased MGT and DBS, unlike l-glutamate. Perfusion of l-glutamate with inosinate (inosine 5′-monophosphate, 0.1 mM) enhanced DBS only in combination, suggesting synergistic activation of the l-glutamate receptor, typical of taste receptor type 1. l-leucine or l-aspartate had similar effects on DBS without any effect on pHi and MGT. Preperfusion of l-glutamate prevented acid-induced cellular injury, suggesting that l-glutamate protects the mucosa by enhancing mucosal defenses. Luminal l-glutamate may activate multiple receptors and afferent nerves and locally enhance mucosal defenses to prevent subsequent injury attributable to acid exposure in the duodenum.

Published
2009

92. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase regulates protective surface microclimate pH in rat duodenum

Author

Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Misa Mizumori, Eli Engel, Yasutada Akiba, Maggie Ham, and Paul H. Guth

Subjects
P2Y receptor, medicine.medical_specialty, biology, Brush border, Physiology, Apyrase, Enterocyte, ATPase, Cell biology, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, ATP hydrolysis, Internal medicine, Extracellular, biology.protein, medicine, Alkaline phosphatase
Abstract

Regulation of localized extracellular pH (pHo) maintains normal organ function. An alkaline microclimate overlying the duodenal enterocyte brush border protects the mucosa from luminal acid. We hypothesized that intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) regulates pHo due to pH-sensitive ATP hydrolysis as part of an ecto-purinergic pH regulatory system, comprised of cell-surface P2Y receptors and ATP-stimulated duodenal bicarbonate secretion (DBS). To test this hypothesis, we measured DBS in a perfused rat duodenal loop, examining the effect of the competitive alkaline phosphatase inhibitor glycerol phosphate (GP), the ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase inhibitor ARL67156, and exogenous nucleotides or P2 receptor agonists on DBS. Furthermore, we measured perfusate ATP concentration with a luciferin–luciferase bioassay. IAP inhibition increased DBS and luminal ATP output. Increased luminal ATP output was partially CFTR dependent, but was not due to cellular injury. Immunofluorescence localized the P2Y1 receptor to the brush border membrane of duodenal villi. The P2Y1 agonist 2-methylthio-ADP increased DBS, whereas the P2Y1 antagonist MRS2179 reduced ATP- or GP-induced DBS. Acid perfusion augmented DBS and ATP release, further enhanced by the IAP inhibitor l-cysteine, and reduced by the exogenous ATPase apyrase. Furthermore, MRS2179 or the highly selective P2Y1 antagonist MRS2500 co-perfused with acid induced epithelial injury, suggesting that IAP/ATP/P2Y signalling protects the mucosa from acid injury. Increased DBS augments IAP activity presumably by raising pHo, increasing the rate of ATP degradation, decreasing ATP-mediated DBS, forming a negative feedback loop. The duodenal epithelial brush border IAP–P2Y–HCO3− surface microclimate pH regulatory system effectively protects the mucosa from acid injury.

Published
2009

93. Effects of dietary glycine supplementation and fish meal on inflammatory responses in broiler chicks

Author

Yasutada Akiba, K Takagi, and Kazuaki Takahashi

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, animal structures, Lipopolysaccharide, Interleukin-1beta, Glycine, Orosomucoid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fish meal, Internal medicine, Fish Products, medicine, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Nitrite, Nitrites, Poultry Diseases, Inflammation, Meal, Nitrates, biology, Broiler, Ceruloplasmin, Interleukin, General Medicine, Diet, Endocrinology, chemistry, Tumor Necrosis Factors, embryonic structures, biology.protein, Animal Science and Zoology, Chickens, Food Science
Abstract

1. The effect of dietary protein source and glycine (Gly) supplementation on inflammatory responses was investigated using broiler chicks. Birds (7 d of age) were fed on a maize-soybean meal based (CS) diet with or without 20 g fish meal (FM)/kg and/or 10 g Gly/kg for 14 d. 2. Inflammatory responses were assessed by determining changes in the plasma concentrations of nitrate plus nitrite (NO(x)), caeruloplasmin (Cer) and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), and changes in the expression of mRNA encoding substances related to the inflammatory response, such as interleukin (IL)-1 beta and -6, tumour necrosis factor like ligand (TL)1A, inducible nitrite synthase (iNOS), interferon(IFN)-gamma, following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. 3. IL-1 beta and TL1A mRNA expression in chicks fed on the FM diet was higher than in chicks fed on the CS diet. 4. Supplementing the CS diet with Gly resulted in smaller increases in the plasma concentrations of NO(x), Cer and AGP after LPS injection than were observed for chicks fed on the CS diet alone. In addition, 2 h after LPS challenge the expression of encoding inflammatory response-related substances was lower in the spleens of those chicks fed on the Gly-supplemented diet than in those fed the CS diet. 5. Supplementation of the FM diet with Gly reduced the plasma AGP concentration and IL-1 beta and TL1A expression. 6. These results suggest that modulation of inflammatory responses by dietary Gly supplementation is affected by dietary composition; Gly supplementation has different effects on the cytokine responses dependent on the diet.

Published
2009

94. Role of lysophosphatidylcholine in brush-border intestinal alkaline phosphatase release and restoration

Author

Shigehiro Katayama, Iwao Koyama, Tsugikazu Komoda, Masumi Akita, Makoto Matsushita, Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Takanari Nakano, Yasutada Akiba, Susumu Ohshima, Ikuo Inoue, David H. Alpers, Seiichiro Takahashi, and Rina Shinozaki

Subjects
Male, musculoskeletal diseases, Time Factors, Brush border, Duodenum, Physiology, viruses, Biology, GPI-Linked Proteins, Aminopeptidase, Sucrase, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Antigens, Neoplasm, Mucosal Biology, Physiology (medical), medicine, Animals, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Rats, Wistar, Micelles, Microvilli, Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Lysophosphatidylcholines, Epithelial Cells, Alkaline Phosphatase, Postprandial Period, Molecular biology, Small intestine, Rats, Intestines, Isoenzymes, Mice, Inbred C57BL, body regions, Protein Transport, medicine.anatomical_structure, Lysophosphatidylcholine, Biochemistry, chemistry, Caco-2, Alkaline phosphatase, Corn Oil, Caco-2 Cells, biological phenomena, cell phenomena, and immunity, Corn oil
Abstract

Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) is a brush-border membrane ectoenzyme (BBM-IAP) that is released into the lumen (L-IAP) after a high-fat diet. We examined the effects of oil feeding and the addition of mixed-lipid micelles on the formation of L-IAP in oil-fed rat intestine, Caco-2 cell monolayers, and mouse intestinal loops. We localized IAP in the duodenum of rats fed corn oil using fluorescence microscopy with enzyme-labeled fluorescence-97 as substrate. Four hours after oil feeding, L-IAP increased ∼10-fold accompanied by the loss of BBM-IAP, consistent with BBM-IAP release. Rat IAP isozyme mRNAs progressively increased 4–6 h after oil feeding, followed by the increase of IAP activity in the subapical location at 6 h, consistent with the restoration of IAP protein. Postprandial lipid-micelle components, sodium taurocholate with or without oleic acid, mono-oleylglycerol, cholesterol, or lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) were applied singly or as mixed-lipid micelles to the apical surface of polarized Caco-2 cell monolayers. LysoPC increased L-IAP >10-fold over basal release. LysoPC released IAP into the apical medium more than other intestinal brush-border enzymes, 5′-nucleotidase, sucrase, aminopeptidase N, and lactase, without comparable lactate dehydrogenase release or cell injury. LysoPC increased human IAP mRNA levels by 1.5-fold in Caco-2 cells. Luminally applied lysoPC also increased release of IAP preferentially in mouse intestinal loops. These data show that lysoPC accelerates the formation of L-IAP from BBM-IAP, followed by enhanced IAP synthesis, suggesting the role that lysoPC might play in the turnover of brush-border proteins.

Published
2009

95. Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in modulation of non-insulin mediated glucose transport in chicken skeletal muscles

Author

Yasutada Akiba, Tatsuyoshi Kono, K. Fukao, Masaaki Toyomizu, Y. Nishiki, Kan Sato, and Keisuke G. Takahashi

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, medicine.medical_treatment, Glucose uptake, Carbohydrate metabolism, Nitric Oxide, Biochemistry, Insulin resistance, Species Specificity, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Nitric Oxide Donors, Enzyme Inhibitors, Muscle, Skeletal, Molecular Biology, Mammals, biology, Chemistry, Insulin, Glucose transporter, Skeletal muscle, Biological Transport, medicine.disease, Nitric oxide synthase, Glucose, NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Basal (medicine), Hyperglycemia, biology.protein, Insulin Resistance, Chickens
Abstract

The biosynthesis and release of nitric oxide (NO) from skeletal muscle plays a crucial role in transport and utilization of glucose. There are, however, no reports concerning the effects of NO on the transport of glucose in skeletal muscles of chickens characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether a NO donor or a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor influences basal or insulin-mediated glucose uptake in vivo in skeletal muscles of chickens. Single administration of NOC12, a NO donor at 1125 microg/kg body mass (BW) to 14 days old chicks caused an increase in plasma NO concentration, while it did not affect plasma glucose concentration. In contrast, a single injection of NOS inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) at 300 mg/kg BW reduced plasma NO concentration, while it did not effect plasma glucose concentration. Chicks were also treated with or without NO modifier and/or insulin to estimate glucose transport activity, which was estimated by the 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) uptake method. NOC12 treatment significantly increased basal glucose uptake, with no insulin stimulation, in extensor digitrorum longus (EDL) muscle (P

Published
2008

96. Cyclic AMP Regulates Bicarbonate Secretion in Cholangiocytes Through Release of ATP Into Bile

Author

Barbara E. Ehrlich, Dawidson Assis Gomes, Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Anatoliy I. Masyuk, Nicholas F. LaRusso, Gene LeSage, Yasutada Akiba, Kazunori Shibao, Jun Nagata, Michael H. Nathanson, Noritaka Minagawa, and Michele Angela Rodrigues

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Forskolin, Hepatology, Apyrase, Bicarbonate, Gastroenterology, Biology, S cell, Article, Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, Cell biology, Secretin, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, chemistry, Internal medicine, medicine, biology.protein, Secretion, Adenosine triphosphate
Abstract

Background & Aims: Bicarbonate secretion is a primary function of cholangiocytes. Either adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) or cytosolic Ca2+ can mediate bicarbonate secretion, but these are thought to act through separate pathways. We examined the role of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) in mediating bicarbonate secretion because this is the only intracellular Ca2+ release channel in cholangiocytes. Methods: Intrahepatic bile duct units (IBDUs) were microdissected from rat liver then luminal pH was examined by confocal microscopy during IBDU microperfusion. Cyclic AMP was increased using forskolin or secretin, and Ca2+ was increased using acetylcholine (ACh) or adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Apyrase was used to hydrolyze extracellular ATP, and suramin was used to block apical P2Y ATP receptors. In selected experiments, IBDUs were pretreated with short interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence expression of specific InsP3R isoforms. Results: Both cAMP and Ca2+ agonists increased luminal pH. The effect of ACh on luminal pH was reduced by siRNA for basolateral (types I and II) but not apical (type III) InsP3R isoforms. The effect of forskolin on luminal pH was reduced by a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibitor and by siRNA for the type III InsP3R. Luminal apyrase or suramin blocked the effects of forskolin but not ACh on luminal pH. Conclusions: Cyclic AMP-induced ductular bicarbonate secretion depends on an autocrine signaling pathway that involves CFTR, apical release of ATP, stimulation of apical nucleotide receptors, and then activation of apical, type III InsP3Rs. The primary role of CFTR in bile duct secretion may be to regulate secretion of ATP rather than to secrete chloride and/or bicarbonate.

Published
2007

97. Review article: duodenal bicarbonate - mucosal protection, luminal chemosensing and acid-base balance

Author

Jonathan D. Kaunitz and Yasutada Akiba

Subjects
Hepatology, Tight junction, Bicarbonate, Intracellular pH, Gastroenterology, Foregut, Acid–base homeostasis, Biology, Cell biology, Jejunum, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine.anatomical_structure, Biochemistry, chemistry, Duodenum, medicine, Bicarbonate Ion, Pharmacology (medical)
Abstract

The duodenum serves as a buffer zone between the stomach and the jejunum. Over a length of only 25 cm, large volumes of strong acid secreted by the stomach must be converted to the neutral-alkaline chyme of the hindgut lumen, generating large volumes of CO(2). The duodenal mucosa consists of epithelial cells connected by low-resistance tight junctions, forming a leaky epithelial barrier. Despite this permeability, the epithelial cells, under intense stress from luminal mineral acid and highly elevated Pco(2), maintain normal functioning. Bicarbonate ion uniquely protects the duodenal epithelial cells from acid-related injury. The specific protective mechanisms likely involve luminal bicarbonate secretion, intracellular pH buffering and interstitial buffering. Furthermore, the duodenum plays an active role in foregut acid-base homeostasis, absorbing large amounts of H(+) and CO(2). We have studied mucosal protection and acid-base balance using live-animal fluorescence ratio microimaging and by performing H(+) and CO(2) balance studies on duodenal perfusates. On the basis of these data, we have formulated novel hypotheses with regard to mucosal protection.

Published
2007

98. Neural FFA3 activation inversely regulates anion secretion evoked by nicotinic ACh receptor activation in rat proximal colon

Author

Izumi, Kaji, Yasutada, Akiba, Kohtarou, Konno, Masahiko, Watanabe, Shunsuke, Kimura, Toshihiko, Iwanaga, Ayaka, Kuri, Ken-Ichi, Iwamoto, Atsukazu, Kuwahara, and Jonathan D, Kaunitz

Subjects
Male, Neurons, Colon, In Vitro Techniques, Receptors, Nicotinic, Enteric Nervous System, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Chlorides, Alimentary, Animals, Humans, Carbachol, Propionates, HeLa Cells
Abstract

Luminal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) influence gut physiological function via SCFA receptors and transporters. The contribution of an SCFA receptor, free fatty acid receptor (FFA)3, to the enteric nervous system is unknown. FFA3 is expressed in enteric cholinergic neurons. Activation of neural FFA3 suppresses Cl(-) secretion induced by nicotinic ACh receptor activation via a Gi/o pathway. Neural FFA3 may have an anti-secretory function by modulating cholinergic neural reflexes in the enteric nervous system.The proximal colonic mucosa is constantly exposed to high concentrations of microbially-produced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Although luminal SCFAs evoke electrogenic anion secretion and smooth muscle contractility via neural and non-neural cholinergic pathways in the colon, the involvement of the SCFA receptor free fatty acid receptor (FFA)3, one of the free fatty acid receptor family members, has not been clarified. We investigated the contribution of FFA3 to cholinergic-mediated secretory responses in rat proximal colon. FFA3 was immunolocalized to enteroendocrine cells and to the enteric neural plexuses. Most FFA3-immunoreactive nerve fibres and nerve endings were cholinergic, colocalized with protein gene product (PGP)9.5, the vesicular ACh transporter, and the high-affinity choline transporter CHT1. In Ussing chambered mucosa-submucosa preparations (including the submucosal plexus) of rat proximal colon, carbachol (CCh)-induced Cl(-) secretion was decreased by TTX, hexamethonium, and the serosal FFA3 agonists acetate or propionate, although not by an inactive analogue 3-chloropropionate. Serosal application of a selective FFA3 agonist (N-[2-methylphenyl]-[4-furan-3-yl]-2-methyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-quinoline-3-carboxamide; MQC) dose-dependently suppressed the response to CCh but not to forskolin, with an IC50 of 13 μm. Pretreatment with MQC inhibited nicotine-evoked but not bethanechol-evoked secretion. The inhibitory effect of MQC was reversed by pretreatment with pertussis toxin, indicating that FFA3 acts via the Gi/o pathway. Luminal propionate induced Cl(-) secretion via the cholinergic pathway, which was reduced by MQC, as well as by TTX, hexamethonium or removal of the submucosal plexus. These results suggest that the SCFA-FFA3 pathway has a novel anti-secretory function in that it inhibits cholinergic neural reflexes in the enteric nervous system.

Published
2015

99. Peripheral corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 2 activation increases colonic blood flow through nitric oxide pathway in rats

Author

Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Mulugeta Million, and Yasutada Akiba

Subjects
Male, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, Sauvagine, Colon, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Clinical Sciences, Secretomotor, Hyperemia, Blood Pressure, Nitric Oxide, Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Article, Nitric oxide, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mouse urocortin 2, Internal medicine, Receptors, medicine, Animals, Splanchnic Circulation, Receptor, Corticotropin-releasing factor, Colonic blood flow, Gastrointestinal tract, Astressin(2)-B, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Neurosciences, Blood flow, Peripheral, Rats, Endocrinology, NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester, chemistry, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, Nitric Oxide Pathway, Vascular Resistance, Sprague-Dawley, Capsaicin, Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Digestive Diseases, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Abstract

BACKGROUND:Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) peptides exert profound effects on the secretomotor function of the gastrointestinal tract. Nevertheless, despite the presence of CRF peptides and receptors in colonic tissue, their influence on colonic blood flow (CBF) is unknown. AIM:To determine the effect and mechanism of members of the CRF peptide family on CBF in isoflurane-anesthetized rats. METHODS:Proximal CBF was measured with laser-Doppler flowmetry simultaneously with mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) measurement. Rats were injected with intravenous human/rat CRF (CRF1 > CRF2 affinity), mouse urocortin 2 (mUcn2, selective CRF2 agonist), or sauvagine (SVG, CRF2 > CRF1 affinity) at 1-30 µg/kg. The nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, L-NAME (3 mg/kg, iv), the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (Indo, 5 mg/kg, ip), or selective CRF2 antagonist, astressin2-B (Ast2B, 50 µg/kg, iv) was given before SVG injection (10 µg/kg, iv). RESULTS:SVG and mUcn2 dose-dependently increased CBF while decreasing MABP and colonic vascular resistance (CVR). CRF had no effect on CBF, but increased CVR. The hyperemic effect of SVG was inhibited by L-NAME but not by Indo, whereas hypotension was partially reduced by L-NAME. Sensory denervation had no effect on SVG-induced changes. Ast2B inhibited SVG-induced hyperemia and decreased CVR, and partially reduced the hypotension. CONCLUSIONS:Peripheral CRF2 activation induces colonic hyperemia through NO synthesis, without involving prostaglandin synthesis or sensory nerve activation, suggesting a direct action on the endothelium and myenteric neurons. Members of the CRF peptide family may protect the colonic mucosa via the activation of the CRF2 receptor.

Published
2015

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