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To evaluate the ability of arterial blood lactic acid concentration to predict death within 28 days of admission of patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in the intensive care unit (ICU).Clinical data of 523 SAP patients in the MIMIC-IV database were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into those who survived (n = 461) and those who died (n = 62) within 28 days of admission. The association between lactic acid concentration and all-cause death in SAP patients was determined by Cox regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and subgroup analysis. The ability of lactic acid concentration to predict the risk of all-cause death in SAP patients was determined by time-dependent receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis.Arterial blood lactic acid concentration was significantly higher in the 62 patients who died within 28 days than in the 461 patients who survived (Arterial blood lactic acid concentration is an important independent predictor of all-cause mortality within 28 days of admission of SAP patients in the ICU.

1T-MoS2-Sb composite is synthesized by a facile strategy couples with sulfuration process with the assistance of chitosan as the adsorbent. It exhibits an impressive capacity and ultra-long cycling lifespan for sodium/potassium-ion batteries.

The expression of bromodomain-containing proteins that regulate chromatin structure and accessibility must be tightly controlled to ensure the appropriate regulation of gene expression. In the yeastS. cerevisiae, Bromodomain Factor 2 (BDF2)expression is extensively regulated post-transcriptionally during stress by RNase III-mediated decay (RMD), which is triggered by cleavage of theBDF2mRNA in the nucleus by the RNase III homolog Rnt1p. Previous studies have shown that RMD-mediated down-regulation ofBDF2is hyperactivated in osmotic stress conditions, yet the mechanisms driving the enhanced nuclear cleavage ofBDF2RNA under these conditions remain unknown. Here, we show that RMD hyperactivation can be detected in multiple stress conditions that inhibit mRNA export, and that Rnt1p remains primarily localized in the nucleus during salt stress. We show that globally inhibiting mRNA nuclear export by anchoring away mRNA biogenesis or export factors out of the nucleus can recapitulate RMD hyperactivation in the absence of stress. RMD hyperactivation requires Rnt1p nuclear localization but does not depend on theBDF2gene endogenous promoter, and its efficiency is affected by the structure of the stem–loop cleaved by Rnt1p. Because multiple stress conditions have been shown to mediate global inhibition of mRNA export, our results suggest that the hyperactivation of RMD is primarily the result of the increased nuclear retention of theBDF2mRNA during stress.

Using low cost and high efficiency non-precious bimetallic phosphosulphide as electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is not only convenient but also environment-friendly for industrial production. Therefore, we propose a simple and efficient method to prepare a series of Cu-doped bimetallic phosphosulphide nanosheet arrays on nickel foam (CuNiS@Ni2P/NF). The CuNiS@Ni2P/NF exhibits the superior HER performance with appropriate doping amount of Cu. It just needs a potential of 144 mV to obtain the current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH, which is smaller than that of CuNiS@Ni2P/NF-0.25 (206 mV) and CuNiS@Ni2P/NF-0.125 (219 mV). The excellent HER performance of CuNiS@Ni2P/NF nanosheet arrays can be ascribed to: (i) the moderate Cu-doped effectively optimized the electronic structure and morphology of the electrocatalyst; (ii) typical nanosheet arrays structures exposing more active sites; (iii) the high immanent activity excited by the multi-component synergy.

Many small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA)s are processed from introns of host genes, but the importance of splicing for proper biogenesis and the fate of the snoRNAs is not well understood. Here we show that inactivation of splicing factors or mutation of splicing signals leads to the accumulation of partially processed hybrid mRNA-snoRNA transcripts (hmsnoRNA). HmsnoRNAs are processed to the mature 3′-ends of the snoRNAs by the nuclear exosome and bound by snoRNP proteins. HmsnoRNAs are unaffected by translation-coupled RNA quality control pathways, but they are degraded by the major cytoplasmic exonuclease Xrn1p due to their mRNA-like 5′-extensions. These results show that completion of splicing is required to promote complete and accurate processing of intron-encoded snoRNAs and that splicing defects lead to degradation of hybrid mRNA-snoRNA species by cytoplasmic decay, underscoring the importance of splicing for the biogenesis of intron encoded snoRNAs.Significance StatementSmall nucleolar RNAs mediate modifications of nucleosides within ribosomal RNAs, which are necessary for proper ribosomal function and translation. Many snoRNAs are encoded within introns of host genes and accurate biogenesis of these small RNAs is required to produce functional snoRNAs. The work presented here shows that when the splicing reactions are inactivated, snoRNAs undergo a distinct biogenesis pathway which leads to the production of aberrant hybrid RNAs that contain both mRNAs and small RNAs components of the host genes. While snoRNAs are primarily found in the nucleolus, these hybrid RNAs are degraded by the cytoplasmic mRNA degradation pathway. These results demonstrate the importance of splicing to promote accurate snoRNA processing and prevent the production of aberrant mRNA-snoRNA hybrids.

The low-percolation-threshold conductive networking structure is indispensable for the high performance and functionalization of conductive polymer composites (CPCs). In this work, conductive carbon black (CCB)-reinforced ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/polypropylene (PP) blend with tunable electrical conductivity and good mechanical properties was prepared using a high-speed mechanical mixing method and a compression-molded process. An interconnecting segregated hybrid CCB-polymer network is formed in electrically conductive UHMWPE/PP/CCB (UPC) composites. The UPC composites possess a dense conductive pathway at a low percolation threshold of 0.48 phr. The composite with 3 phr CCB gives an electrical conductivity value of 1.67 × 10-3 S/cm, 12 orders of magnitude higher than that of the polymeric matrix, suggesting that CCB improves both the electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of the composite at the loading fraction over its percolation threshold. The composite with 15 phr CCB presents an absorption-dominated electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) as high as 27.29 dB at the X-band. The composite also presents higher tribological properties, mechanical properties, and thermal stability compared to the UP blend. This effort provides a simple and effective way for the mass fabrication of CPC materials with excellent performance.

Background: Respiratory tract infection (RTIs) is one of common diseases among the children. In recent years, the incidence of mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infection rate has been increasing, which cause respiratory tract infection. This study sought to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of M. pneumoniae hospitalized children with RTIs to provide a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatments in Chengdu, China. Methods: The data of 22,882 cases of children who had been hospitalized for RTIs were collected. M. pneumoniae immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody was detected using the indirect immunofluorescence method and passive agglutination method. The demographic features of patients, clinical diagnoses and laboratory data were also analyzed. Results: A total of 4,213 children tested positive for M. pneumoniae. The total positive rate was 18.41% (18.30% for males and 22.72% for females). Female children had statistically significant higher positive rates than male children (chi2=198.078, P 0.05). There was negative correlation with PM2.5 (particulate matter in the air

In this work, we synthesized Se doped MoS2@Ni3S2 with nanosheets coated nanorods structure supported on Ni foam (MoNiSeS). Firstly, MoS2@Ni3S2 (MoNiS) nanorods was synthesized by hydrothermal method. After selenization treatment, MoSe2 successfully formed on the edge of MoS2 nanosheets and particle Ni3S2 transformed into NiSe, in which MoSe2 and NiSe acted as new phase in MoNiSeS. The obtained MoNiSeS only needs a low overpotential of 68 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm−2, and has a low Tafel plots of 72.77 mV dec−1 and good electrochemical durability, whose electrochemical activity is much better than that of MoNiS and NiSeS, implying the introduction of Mo and Se is beneficial to improve the electrocatalytic performance of NiS for HER. In addition, the proper amount of Mo source, which has an effect on the morphology of product, has also been investigated. For MoNiSeS, the typical nanosheets coated nanarods expose more active sites and the synergic effects is good to the improvement of the catalytic activity. Meanwhile, WNiSeS has also been prepared using the same method and the corresponding results show that the electrochemical activity of WNiSeS is much better than that of NiSeS, proving the universality of this strategy.

In this study, a novel hydroxypropyl-I³-cyclodextrin (HP-I³-CD) functionalized monolithic capillary column was prepared by one-pot sequential strategy and used for chiral separation in capillary electrochromatography for the first time. In one pot, GMA-HP-I³-CD as functional monomer was allowed to be formed via the ring opening reaction between HP-I³-CD and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) catalyzed by 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) and then copolymerized directly with ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) in the presence of porogenic solvents via thermally initiated free radical polymerization. The preparation conditions of monoliths were optimized. Enantiomer separations of six chiral drugs including pindolol, clorprenaline, tulobuterol, clenbuterol, propranolol, and tropicamide were achieved on the monolith. Among them, pindolol, clorprenaline, and tropicamide were baseline separated with resolution values of 1.62, 1.73, and 1.55, respectively. The mechanism of enantiomer separation was discussed by comparison of the HP-I³-CD and HP-s-CD functionalized monoliths.

A simple, sensitive, and enantioselective HPLC-MS/MS method has been developed for the determination of orphenadrine (ORP) enantiomers in rat plasma for the first time. The method used diphenhydramine as the internal standard (IS), and plasma samples were extracted by liquid–liquid extraction with satisfactory recovery. Chiral separation of the ORP enantiomers was obtained on a Chiralcel OD-RH column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consists of acetonitrile–ammonium bicarbonate buffer (30 mM, pH 9.0) (80 : 20, v/v). Sufficient resolution (Rs = 3.562) was achieved in a short analysis time (7 min). The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used for the detection of ORP enantiomers and IS. The transitions of m/z 270.0 → 181.1 and 256.2 → 167.1 were chosen for monitoring the ORP enantiomers and IS, respectively. Linearity was confirmed in the range of 0.1–50.0 ng mL−1 with the lower limit of quantification of 0.1 ng mL−1 for both ORP enantiomers in plasma. After validation, the method was applied to the enantioselective pharmacokinetic study of ORP enantiomers in rat plasma following oral administration of 10 mg kg−1 racemic ORP. Significant differences (P < 0.05) of ORP enantiomers were observed in pharmacokinetic parameters including Cmax, AUC, t1/2, CL, Vd, MRT, and VRT, which indicated that enantioselective pharmacokinetic behavior of ORP enantiomers was present in rats.

Type III effectors play a vital role in the establishment of symbiosis. In this study, positive and negative effects of NopT on nodulation were detected in 30 soybean germplasms. The quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to nodule number were identified and their responses to NopT in recombinant inbred lines and chromosome segment substitution lines were evaluated. Ten QTL were identified on chromosomes 02, 05, 06, 10, and 13. One overlapping region on chromosome 02 was responsive to the wild-type rhizobium and the NopT mutant. The expression patterns of the genes in this overlapping region were determined and single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes were analyzed to identify the candidate genes. Four candidate genes were identified as significantly responsive to NopT. Glyma.02G135100 and Glyma.02G100800 expression levels were directly affected by NopT. These results form the basis of future efforts to identify the plant host genes affected by type III effectors.

A heterogeneous structure formed by coupling two or more phases can reinforce the activity of active sites and expedite electron transfer, which is conducive to boosting its electrocatalytic activity. Herein, we designed nickel foam supported (NiCo2)Se@Ni(OH)2 (NCS@NH) heterojunction nanosheets by a two-step method. First of all, the NiCo2S4@Ni(OH)2 (NiCo2S4@NH) nanosheets coated on nickel foam were acquired via a hydrothermal method. In the selenization treatment that followed, NiCo2S4@NH was converted into NCS@NH heterogeneous nanosheets in which the selenide nanoparticles decorated on the surface of the Ni(OH)2 nanosheets formed heterojunction interfaces, and the heterogeneous structure could accelerate electron transfer, thus improving the catalytic activity. The Ni(OH)2 nanosheets can adequately contact the electrolyte and promote the decomposition of water. Meanwhile, the thickness of the Ni(OH)2 nanosheets gradually decreases with the increase of Co doping (1.5-2.5 mmol), consequently affecting the HER properties. Notably, when the amount of Co salt added is 2 mmol, NCS@NH exhibited superior HER properties (with a voltage of 253 mV at 100 mA cm-2) and excellent stability for 24 h.

Transitional bimetallic sulfides have attracted extensive attention for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution owing to their abundant reserves and low price. However, the rational design and the controlled synthesis of transitional bimetallic sulfide-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen production is still a big challenge. In this work, we report the synthesis of V-doped MoS2-NixSy/NF (VMNS/NF-β, β = nV : nMo) hollow nanospheres by an in situ one-pot method, and the electrocatalytic performance of the nanospheres can be optimized by adjusting the amount of vanadium doping. The introduction of the V source and Mo source can promote the formation of typical hollow nanospheres and affect the crystal phases of NiS. V has the advantages of valence diversity and unique electronic structure as well as the synergistic effect of bimetallic sulfide to enhance the electrocatalytic performance of the whole system. The optimized VMNS/NF (nV : nMo = 1 : 1) showed excellent HER performance in 1 M KOH solution at room temperature. At the current density of 10 mA cm−2, it has a low overpotential of 68 mV and maintains good stability at a current density of 32 mA cm−2 for 24 h.

A landslide disaster, especially a highway landslide, may greatly impact the transport capacity of nearby roads. Keeping highways open, in particular, is crucial for supporting the functioning of the economy, society and people. Therefore, evaluating the highway landslide susceptibility is particularly important. In this paper, the city of Laibin, in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China, was taken as the study zone. According to data on 641 highway landslide disaster points measured in the field and a basic evaluation of the study area, nine evaluation factors—the elevation, slope, aspect, height difference, plan curve, profile curve, precipitation, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) and vegetation coverage—were selected. We coupled a Frequency Ratio (FR) model, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Logistic Regression (LR), Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) to evaluate the susceptibility to highway landslides, with a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve used to analyze the precision of these models. The ROC curve showed that the accuracy of the five models was greater than 0.700 and thus had a certain reliability. Among them, the FR-LR model had the highest accuracy, at 0.804. The study protocol presented here can therefore provide a reference for evaluation studies on landslide susceptibility in other areas.

Cardiovascular disease is a global problem that seriously endangers human health and life. At present, hypertension is considered to be a polygenic disease caused by the interaction of environmental factors and genetic factors. Various environmental factors have been proved to promote the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease. MicroRNA (miR), as an essential gene regulatory factor in vivo, has been confirmed to participate in the regulation of many cell pathways, and its abnormal expression is closely related to a variety of human diseases. MiR-485-5p is located at 7q22.1, which has been proved to play an essential role in the tumor and cardiovascular system. Therefore, this paper discussed the mechanism of miR-485-5p on the morphology and function of the cardiovascular system. It is believed that miR-485-5p will impact the morphology and function of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, in the current study, 1655 unrelated patients with cardiovascular system diseases were simulated and analyzed based on the above background. A double luciferase reporter gene detection system verified the combination of miRNAs target recognition. The results showed that miR-485-5p significantly inhibited the luciferase activity of pGL-miR-wt but had no effect on pGL6-miR-mut. The lack of miR-485-5p can promote the activation of cardiac fibroblasts. The findings of this study can provide a new understanding and direction for the study of cardiovascular system morphology and function.

The Pt-chitosan-TiO

The isosteric replacement of C═C by B–N units in conjugated organic systems has recently attracted tremendous interest due to its desirable optical, electronic and sensory properties. Compared with BN-, NBN- and BNB-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, NBN-embedded polymers are poised to expand the diversity and functionality of olefin polymers, but this new class of materials remain underexplored. Herein, a series of polymers with BNB-doped π-system as a pendant group were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization from NBN-containing vinyl monomers, which was prepared via intermolecular dehydration reaction between boronic acid and diamine moieties in one pot. Poly{2-(4-Vinylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine} (P1), poly{N-(4-(1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acrylamide} (P2) and poly{N-(4-(1H-benzo[d][1,3,2]diazaborol-2(3H)-yl)phenyl)acrylamide} (P3) were successfully synthesized. Their structure, photophysical properties and application in metal ion detection were investigated. Three polymers exhibit obvious solvatochromic fluorescence. As fluorescent sensors for the detection of Fe3+ and Cr3+, P1 and P2 show excellent selectivity and sensitivity. The limit of detection (LOD) achieved by Fe3+ is 7.30 nM, and the LOD achieved by Cr3+ is 14.69 nM, which indicates the great potential of these NBN-embedded polymers as metal fluorescence sensors.

Rational construction of high-efficient and low-cost catalyst is one of the most promising ways to produce liberally hydrogen but almost remains a huge dare. Hence, a novel work by the interface engineering and hetero-atom doping to synthesize V doped sulfide/phosphide heterostructure grown on nickel foam (V-Ni 3 S 2 /Ni x P y /NF) is proposed via a phosphating treatment at low temperature. The incorporation of V can adjust the electronic structures of Ni 3 S 2 , optimize electronic transmission, expose more active sites and protect the 3D structure of Ni foam. Meanwhile, the excellent conductivity of NF and the abundant interstices between nanosheets have a positive effort for HER. As a result, the V-Ni 3 S 2 /Ni x P y /NF (VNSP/NF) nanosheets catalyst exhibits the outstanding HER activity with an extremely low overpotential of 90 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm -2 for HER and stable durability in alkaline solution, which exceeds most of the previously reported about Ni-based materials. This work proves the rational design of the interfacial engineering and metal atom incorporation have a significant influence for efficient hydrogen evolution.

The investigation and development of bimetallic phosphosulphide electrocatalyst with low cost and abundant reserves is extremely significant for the improvement of the efficiency of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), while it remains a challenge. Herein, we explored a feasible method to prepare three-dimensional (3D) self-supported FeNiP-S/NF-5 nanosheet arrays on Ni foil (NF) by hydrothermal method and in situ phosphorization and following sulfurization treatment. The as-obtained FeNiP-S/NF-5 only needs a potential of 183 mV vs. RHE to reach 20 mA cm−2, which is smaller than that of FeNiP/NF (187 mV vs. RHE) and FeNiS/NF-5 (239 mV vs. RHE), presenting excellent electrocatalytic stability. Such outstanding performance of the FeNiP-S/NF-5 can be attributed to following several reasons: (i) bi-metallic phosphide and sulphide have the high intrinsic activity because of its synergistic effect; (ii) the 3D nanosheet arrays structure of FeNiP-S/NF-5 is conducive to expose plentiful active sites and facilitate the electrolyte penetration along with electron transportation; (iii) the sulfurization process followed phosphorization treatment could further optimize their electronic structure and inhibited the surface oxidation of catalyst in the catalytic process.

Bimetallic phosphides have been widely investigated as electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to their efficient activity and environmental friendliness. While the reasonable design and controllable synthesis of bimetallic phosphide with typical nanostructure is still a great challenge. Hence, we put forward a novel and straightforward way for constructing FeP nanoparticles coated Ni2P ultrathin nanotube arrays on the surface of Ni foil (FeP@Ni2P/NF), which is synthesized through two steps of electrodeposition and subsequent in-situ phosphorization process. The obtained FeP@Ni2P/NF shows excellent electrochemical activity for OER, and it only needs potential of 1.52 V vs. RHE to reach the current density of 50 mA cm−2 in an alkaline media. The excellent electrocatalytic activity of FeP@Ni2P/NF mainly benefits from: (i) the synergistic effect between FeP and Ni2P promoting electron transfer; (ii) the formation of the unique 3D ultrathin nanotube arrays increasing the quantity of active sites and avoiding the agglomeration of catalysts during testing. In addition, the influence of reaction condition on the electrochemical activity for OER has also been investigated through altering the phosphorization temperature of precursor.

Herein, we report the construction of a rose-shaped cobalt phenylphosphonate coordination polymer [Co(PhPO3)] via the solvothermal method, which has been used as a precursor to prepare porous Co2P2O7/C nanohybrid through a thermal transformation process in N2. By controlling the calcination temperature, a series of polyporous rose-shaped Co2P2O7/C-X (X = 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000) have been successfully obtained. The prepared Co2P2O7/C-X materials present in situ hybrid nanostructures and a unique polyporous structure, which will provide rich electrochemical active centers and enough migration paths for electrons and electrolyte for fast and deep faradaic reactions. As a supercapacitor electrode, the optimized Co2P2O7/C-900 demonstrated a specific capacitance of 349.6 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and remarkable cycling performances (97.33% retention after 3000 cycles at 2 A g−1). Moreover, using the porous rose-shaped Co2P2O7/C-900 as a cathode with 3D porous graphene gel (3DPG) as an anode, an asymmetric supercapacitor Co2P2O7/C-900//3DPG was fabricated. The device showed an energy density of 21.9 W h kg−1 at a power density of 0.375 kW kg−1 and outstanding cycle stability of maintaining 106.25% initial capacity after 10 000 cycles at 3 A g−1.

The enantiomeric separation of seven imidazole antifungals was first systematically examined on a derivative polysaccharide chiral stationary phase (CSP), i.e. Chiralcel OD-RH in the reversed phase mode. The influence of the type and content of the organic modifier, the pH of buffer solution, type and concentration of buffer salt, and column temperature on enantiomeric separation were evaluated and optimized. The maximum resolution values for flutrimazole, econazole, miconazole, butoconazole, isoconazole, sulconazole, and climbazole were 2.36, 1.55, 0.89, 1.51, 0.96, 1.13, and 2.30. For a better understanding of the chiral recognition mechanism, detailed computational simulations of Chiralcel OD-RH interaction with seven pairs of enantiomers were carried out using the molecular docking software AutoDock. The various interactions affecting enantiomeric separation were confirmed in detail from the the molecular level. The modeling data were in agreement with the chromatographic results concerning enantioselectivity. It was found that the enantiomeric separation of imidazole analytes on Chiralcel OD-RH was the result of a mixture of hydrogen bonds, π–π, hydrophobic, dipole–dipole, and some special interactions. The docking results showed good agreement with our experimental results.

In this study, a composite of Mo, Co co-doped NiS bulks grown on an Ni foam (Mo,Co-NiS/NF) was synthesized as a bi-functional electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) using a simple method. The existence of ZIF-67 and Mo ensure the even distribution of Co and Mo elements and the formation of N doped carbon layer in Mo, Co-NiS/NF. Mo, Co co-doping and NF support greatly improved the electrocatalytic performance of NiS bulks, because metal element doping could improve the intrinsic activity and electrical conductivity. Moreover, the Ni foam could act as a substrate to avoid aggregation and provide nickel source to form the bimetallic sulfide. The product Mo,Co-NiS/NF-400 showed outstanding electrochemical properties, with ultralow overpotential (92 mV vs. RHE) for HER and ultralow overpotential (117.2 mV vs. RHE) for OER to achieve 10 mA cm−2, as well as the ultralow cell voltage (1.36 V) to achieve 20 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting. This study provides an available method to promote the electrocatalytic activity of the traditional monometallic sulfides for overall water splitting.

In this study, carboxymethyl-6-(4-methoxybenzylamino)-β-cyclodextrin (CMCDPN) was synthesized for the first time and managed to be used as a chiral selector to enantioseparate 13 kinds of chiral drugs (chlorpheniramine, brompheniramine, pheniramine, homatropine, homatropine methyl, clorprenaline, terbutaline, procaterol, tulobuterol, cycloclenbuterol, propranolol, pindolol and ofloxacin) by capillary electrophoresis (CE). The analysis was carried out by CE using a fused-silica capillary (50 cm × 50 μm i.d., 40 cm effective length) with 30 mmol L−1 phosphate buffer under an applied voltage of 20 kV. The effect of analysis conditions such as buffer concentration, buffer pH, applied voltage and concentration of the chiral selector on the enantioseparation results was systematically investigated. By the method established by us, eleven of the analytes reached baseline separation and the other two reached partial separation. The molecular dockings were applied to further demonstrate the mechanisms of chiral recognition. The docking results showed good agreement with our experimental results.

The catalytic properties of non-noble metal catalysts are not comparable to those of noble metal catalysts, such as Pt and Ru, on account of the catalytic thresholds of these non-noble metal catalysts. In order to solve this problem, an efficient P, W-MoS2/NiSP/NF catalyst was rationally designed through heteroatom (P and W) doping and heterostructure construction. Interestingly, motivated by the synergistic incorporation of W and P, the 2H-phase MoS2 with limited edge active sites was partially converted into highly active 1T-phase MoS2 with rich defects, which basically activate the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)-inert basal plane of MoS2 and significantly enlarge the number of active sites, ultimately endowing the well-designed P, W-MoS2/NiSP/NF catalyst with Pt-like HER performance and superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance. Importantly, this work exerts a profound influence on the construction of 1T-MoS2 with defects, the design of multi-stage structures, and the achievement of Pt-like catalytic performance.

The positive association between mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and body mass index (BMI) diminished or reversed over the past four decades. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate effects of BMI change on longitudinal SBP.A total of 3638 participants who had annual health examination from 2015 to 2019 were included and matched by age and sex according to BMI levels. BMI and SBP were measured annually and their association were assessed by a linear mixed-effects regression model. The normal weight participants had a sustained weight gain as well as SBP increase during the study period (all PThe effect of weight change on longitudinal SBP was varied among BMI groups. With the increase of baseline BMI level, the positive effect of weight loss on SBP became greater and the negative effect of weight gain on SBP were attenuated.

The Yellow River beach area is the basic component of the Yellow River Basin. Promoting the comprehensive improvement and high-quality development of the Yellow River beach area is an important guarantee of the long-term stability of the Yellow River and an important part of promoting the high-quality development and ecological protection of the Yellow River Basin. In this paper, four new indexes (flood risk intensity index, accessibility index, biological abundance index, and remote sensing ecological index) were extracted from geospatial data and remote sensing images, and a quantitative evaluation model (Ecology-Economy -Society-Flood, EESF) for the development of the Yellow River beach area were constructed based on social statistics, such as flood control and control in the beach area. The coordinated development level of the Yellow River beach area was evaluated by combining the “CRITIC–entropy weight method” and “‘single index quantification–multi-index synthesis–multi-criteria integration’ (SMI-P)—coordination degree model” methods. The spatial autocorrelation model was used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of the coordinated development level, and the global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis (GSUA) was carried out for the sensitivity and uncertainty of the parameters. Taking the Yellow River beach area in Shandong Province in 2009 and 2019 as the study object, the research results showed that during this period, the coordinated development level of the Yellow River beach area in Shandong Province showed a gradual upward trend, from 0.344 to 0.580, reaching a basic coordinated state; the overall coordinated development level of the beach area showed significant autocorrelation and small spatial heterogeneity. Grain production was the most sensitive parameter in the coordinated development model of the beach area. The beach area should rationally develop and utilize agricultural resources and promote the integration of ecological industries.

Background. Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has been related to poor consequences of mental health in offspring. However, it remains unknown whether maternal alcohol drinking during pregnancy is associated with depression in the offspring. Methods. A meta-analysis was performed accordingly. Relevant observational studies were identified from Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases. A fixed-effect or a random-effect model was selected dependending on the between-study heterogeneity. Results. Eight cohort studies were included. The heterogeneity was not significant (I2 = 14%). A meta-analysis with a fixed-effect model showed that PAE was associated with a higher risk of depression in offspring (odds ratio (OR): 2.28, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.61 to 3.25, p < 0.001 ). Subgroup analysis showed that moderate (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.22 to 2.49, p = 0.002 , I2 = 0%) or heavy (OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.55 to 3.73, p < 0.001 , I2 = 0%) maternal alcohol drinking in pregnancy was associated with depression in offspring, but not for those with low maternal alcohol drinking (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.97 to 1.44, p = 0.10 , I2 = 0%). Further subgroup analyses according to study design, timing of PAE evaluation, age at depression diagnosis, and quality scores showed consistent results. Univariate metaregression showed a dose-response association between PAE and offspring depression (coefficient: 0.073, 95% CI: 0.019 to 0.127, p = 0.014 ). Conclusions. Current evidence suggests that PAE may be a risk factor of depression in offspring.

Bupleurum chinense DC. (B. chinense) is the dried root of B. chinense, belonging to the Umbelliferae family. B. chinense has been reported since ancient times for its effect of soothing the liver and relieving depression. Additionally, its important role in treating depression, depressed mood disorders and anti-inflammation has been proven in previous studies. However, its specific mechanism of action remains unknown.The key targets and metabolites of the antidepressant effect of B. chinense were investigated based on the cAMP signalling pathway. The study examined the mechanism for the antidepressant effect of B. chinense by target prediction, analysis of related metabolites and potential metabolic pathways.A network pharmacology approach was used to predict the antidepressant targets and pathways of B. chinense. A depression rat model was established through the CUMS (chronic unpredictable mild stress) procedure. The depression model was assessed by body weight, sugar-water preference, water maze and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicators (5hydroxytryptamine, etc.). The key metabolic pathways were screened by correlations between metabolites and key targets. Finally, a quantitative analysis of key targets and metabolites was experimentally validated.B. chinense significantly ameliorated the reduction in body weight, sugar-water preference rate and cognitive performance in the water maze experiment in rats with depression induced by CUMS. ELISA, Western blotting (WB) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays showed that B. chinense significantly improves the expression of protein kinase cyclic adenylic acid (cAMP)-activated catalytic subunit alpha (PRKACA), cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) and cAMP activation in the rat brain induced by CUMS. According to metabolic pathway analysis, B. chinense shows an antidepressant effect primarily by regulating the cAMP metabolic pathway.B. chinense upregulated PRKACA and CREB expression and the level of the key metabolite cAMP in the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway while reducing the inflammatory response to depression treatment. These new findings support future research on the antidepressant effects of B. chinense.

The development of highly efficient photocatalysts is vital for solvinge the problem of environmental pollution. In this study, a novel zero-/two-dimensional (0D/2D) S-scheme heterojunction was fabricated by integrating 0D copper phosphide (Cu

Radix Angelica dahuricae (RAD), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, displays a promising effect on alleviating lipid metabolism. However, the improvement of RAD on oestrogen deficiency-induced dyslipidaemia and the underlying mechanism are unclear.The aim of this study was to study the effect of RAD on oestrogen deficiency-induced dyslipidaemia in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and investigate the involvement of the gut microbiota and bile acid signalling in the protective effects.Bilateral ovariectomy was executed to establish an oestrogen deficiency model. Serum biochemical indexes, liver lipids, inflammatory cytokines and histomorphology were evaluated. Gut microbes were analysed via 16S rRNA sequencing. Faecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and serum bile acids were quantified by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and ultra-high-performance chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), respectively. The expression of genes related to bile acid synthesis, metabolism and enterohepatic circulation in the liver and caecum was measured by real-time PCR.The results displayed that RAD administration markedly decreased body weight, TC and TG levels in the serum and liver, and hepatic steatosis and inflammation in OVX rats. RAD administration could significantly regulate the gut microbial composition, increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus, increasing the content of bile salt hydrolase (BSH), and reestablishing the SCFA profile and bile acid metabolism profile in OVX rats. RAD administration could increase the gene expression of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) and cytochrome P450 7A1(CYP7A1) and regulate the gene expression of the related receptors as well as proteins in enterohepatic circulation.RAD alleviated oestrogen deficiency-induced dyslipidaemia in OVX rats. Modulation of the gut microbiota composition and bile acid signalling may be the underlying mechanism.