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Previous studies posited the effectiveness of stimulated recall. However, few studies explored how SR is implemented in a relatively static context, for example, online self-directed learning, or took human factors, for example, cognitive style and gender, into consideration in such a context. To fill this gap, the current study, aims to introduce biofeedback as a stimulus for learners to engage in retrospection regarding their learning behavior. A quasi-experimental design study was carried out over a 12-week set of EFL self-regulated online reading activities. Pretest and posttest on reading performance and their cognitive taxonomy were assessed through a developed scale instrument, whereas physiological signals (e.g., gazing duration, verbal fixation, and brain wave) were captured via eye-tracking and electroencephalograph (EEG) technology. The results emphasized that (a) students' reading ability and cognitive hierarchy significantly improved through biofeedback stimulation. Moreover, (b) learners in single level-one cognitive hierarchic groups had significant improvements in both cognitive abilities and reading comprehension, whereas learners in multilevel hierarchic groups had no significant enhancements. Finally, (c) the optical data results and EEG reports showed that males favor procedural feedback and females have a preference for a conclusive assessment.

Colonies of the invasive subspecies of common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud) were found in Alberta in 2016. To facilitate the rapid subspecies identification necessary to support management of this invasive subspecies, a simple and time-saving protocol was developed to differentiate the invasive from the native subspecies. This protocol was based on the RNase-H-dependent PCR (rhPCR) technique, which utilizes the DNA polymorphism found in two chloroplast DNA regions. Compared with the widely used restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) protocol, the rhPCR had the same level of accuracy for subspecies identification, but is simpler and less time-consuming. Using both the rhPCR and RFLP techniques, 27 samples of P. australis derived from 21 colonies in nine Alberta counties were tested to determine their subspecies identity. Fourteen colonies were identified as invasive subspecies, and seven were native subspecies. Based on these preliminary data, we concluded that the invasive subspecies has established across Alberta, and now may be more common than the native subspecies. In addition, RFLP results confirmed that the rhPCR was accurate and could be used independently to identify P. australis subspecies in future studies. Key words: rhPCR, RFLP, haplotypes, DNA polymorphism, RNase-H-dependent. Des colonies de la sous-espece envahissante du roseau commun (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud) ont ete trouvees en Alberta en 2016. Afin de faciliter l'identification rapide de sous-especes necessaire au soutien de la gestion des sous-especes envahissantes, un protocole rapide permettant un gain de temps a ete developpe pour differencier la forme envahissante de la sous-espece indigene. Ce protocole etait base sur une technique de PCR dependante de la RNase H (rhPCR) qui utilise le polymorphisme de l'ADN trouve dans deux regions de l'ADN chloroplastique. Comparativement au protocole largement utilise du polymorphisme de longueur des fragments de restriction (RFLP), la rhPCR presente le meme niveau de fiabilite d'identification des sous-especes mais elle est plus simple et plus rapide. À l'aide de ces deux techniques de rhPCR et de RFLP, 27 echantillons de P. australis provenant de 21 colonies de neuf comtes de l'Alberta ont ete testes pour determiner leur identite de sous-espece. Quatorze colonies ont ete identifiees comme sous-espece envahissante et sept, comme sous-espece indigene. Sur la base de ces resultats preliminaires, les auteurs concluent que la sous-espece envahissante s'est etablie a travers l'Alberta et peut etre maintenant plus frequente que la sous-espece indigene. De plus, les resultats en RFLP ont confirme que la rhPCR etait exacte et qu'elle pouvait etre utilisee de maniere independante pour identifier les sous-especes de P. australis lors d'etudes futures. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: rhPCR, RFLP, haplotypes, polymorphisme de l'ADN, dependant de la RNase H., Introduction Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud is an emergent aquatic species with a perennial growth habit (Mal and Narine 2004). A native subspecies, P. australis subsp. americanus Saltonstall, P.M. [...]