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To achieve an accurate channel impulse response (CIR) during channel equalization and coherent detection, the channel estimation plays an important role to the performance of system, especially the receiver. In this paper, we investigated two main kinds of channel estimation methods for MB-OFDM based UWB system. The performances are compared using MATLAB simulation. The simulation shows the NBIDCE algorithm has better performance for WBAN-based healthcare systems.

The vibration of the fifth frame mill of 1450 Cold Tandem Rolling Mill in the rolling process was studied using finite element software ANSYS. The dynamic analysis of one-piece frame and two-piece frame on the fifth frame mill were carried on. The natural frequency and mode of vibration were calculated. Through analyzing, we obtained that two-piece frame performed better.

In this paper, iron ladle stress and deformation has been accurately calculated using finite element analysis software ANSYS based on 260t iron ladle in standing, lifting, tipping working conditions. Distribution of stress field was obtained. The stiffness and strength of the iron ladle has been evaluated. The results show that the iron ladle in the standing, lifting and tipping working conditions, structural deformation is small, the strength and stiffness meet the requirements. This research extends the working life of 260t iron ladle. It provides theoretical basis for producing and using of the iron ladle and further optimal designing.

Completed solid model of hydraulic mechanical power split CVT using Pro/E software basing on the transmission principle, achieved the whole transmission without interference assemble by the interference analysis and checking the gap. Carried on dynamics simulation analysis using ADAMS software, obtained the variation of plungers’ centroid and the bearing force in the rear end cover, it laid the theoretical foundation for subsequent experimental analysis.

In order to adapt to the needs of China's "Excellence Project", training the outstanding senior engineering talents to adapt to the era of development, we propose a new dynamic mode of course vertical integration. Using the method of organically connecting fundamental course and specialized course, the students' interests in learning will be improved. It will lay a solid foundation for students’ future work. Exploratory reform and practice on curriculum system, teaching contents, teaching method, teaching means, etc., we obtained effective methods and means. It will lay a solid foundation for the future teaching work.

A microbial fuel cell (MFC) was built using glucose as simulated domestic wastewater, using carbon felt as anode and activated anaerobic sludge as inoculum, which came from a sewage treatment plant. The sewage was treated and electricity was generated synchronously. The effect of substrate concentration and operating temperature on electrode process kinetics was examined. The relationship among electrochemical activity of microbes, charge transfer resistance, anode potential, and capacity of producing electricity was explored. The main conclusions about sewage-fuel MFC are summarized as follows: The relationship between the peak power density and substrate concentration followed Monod enzyme kinetics equation P = P max c /( k s + c ), with a maximum power density ( P max ) of 320.2 mW/m 2 and half-saturation concentration ( k s ) of 138.5 mg/L. When the initial glucose concentration is less than 2000 mg/L, the reaction follows the first order kinetics equation: −d c A /d t = kc A , k =0.262 h −1 . Increasing the temperature from 20 to 35°C, the charge transfer resistance decreases from 361.2 to 36.2 Ω, the anode electrode potential also decreases, while peak power density increases from 80.6 to183.3 mW/m 2 . At 45°C, the electrochemical activity of microbes declines, and the peak power density decreases to 36.8 mW/m 2 . After operating steadily for 6 h, coulombic efficiency and COD removal efficiency reach a maximum of 44.6% and 49.2%, respectively, at 35°C with the substrate concentration of 1500 mg/L.

In this paper, we solve the mathematical model that describes the variation of lithium concentration in a lithium iron-phosphate ( LiFePO 4 ) particle during the process of lithium intercalation into the particle with shrinking core during the discharge process. The model is composed of a second-order linear partial differential equation satisfied by the distribution function of lithium concentration with an unknown moving boundary function and an ordinary partial differential equation satisfied by these two unknown functions. An approximate analytic solution for the partial differential equation with undetermined parameters is first given by the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and then we require it to satisfy the moving boundary condition to determine these parameters in order to obtain the solution for the model. We need not transform the moving boundary into a fixed boundary as in prior research. Our new approach in solving the model shows that the ADM is an efficient method for solving moving boundary problems. Based on the algorithm provided by the ADM, we decompose the complex operation of solving the model into a sequence of sub-operations which are easily implemented by using the numerical and symbolic operations in MATLAB. By completing these sub-operations, we obtain an accurate expression of the approximate analytic solution for engineering simulations.

Aiming at the vibration problems in Anshan Iron 5500mm heavy plate mill production line, the mill frame vibration in the main parts is researched by using the computer aided design method and the analytical method. Using SolidWorks 3D design software for frame modeling, the model is imported into the ANSYS finite element software, then 5500mm heavy plate mill stand 12 order natural frequencies and natural vibration type is calculated; applying analytical method of the 12th band of vertical vibration the natural frequency is calculated, and the finite element results is analysed comparatively. This paper lays the foundation for the study of the vibration of the mill stand in the future, provides a theoretical basis for the dynamic design of the mill stand.

In drainage and mining of the coal bed methane(CBM),pump valve jams caused by the settlement of pulverized coal particles directly affect the normal production of the coal bed methane(CBM).From the study of the pulverized coal particle size,this paper summarizes the law of the pulverized coal particle size change in various stages of the coal bed methane(CBM) production well drainage and ming.By analyzing the pulverized coal particle velocity distribution along the pump cylinder,the viewpoint that the pulverized coal particle has a higher axial velocity in the central part of the settlement and has a lower velocity near the wall surface is put forward to.Based on the theory,the motion track equation of the pulverized coal particle can be got by calculation.Under the condition of considering buoyancy,fluid resistance and pressure drag,instant drop speed of the pulverized coal in water is calculated.

For the first time, we demonstrate chromate (Cr(VI)) bioreduction using methane (CH4) as the sole electron donor in a membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR). The experiments were divided into five stages lasting a total of 90 days, and each stage achieved a steady state for at least 15 days. Due to continued acclimation of the microbial community, the Cr(VI)-reducing capacity of the biofilm kept increasing. Cr(VI) removal at the end of the 90-day test reached 95% at an influent Cr(VI) concentration of 3 mg Cr/L and a surface loading of 0.37g of Cr m(-2) day(-1). Meiothermus (Deinococci), a potential Cr(VI)-reducing bacterium, was negligible in the inoculum but dominated the MBfR biofilm after Cr(VI) was added to the reactor, while Methylosinus, a type II methanotrophs, represented 11%-21% of the total bacterial DNA in the biofilm. Synergy within a microbial consortia likely was responsible for Cr(VI) reduction based on CH4 oxidation. In the synergy, methanotrophs fermented CH4 to produce metabolic intermediates that were used by the Cr(VI)-reducing bacteria as electron donors. Solid Cr(III) was the main product, accounting for more than 88% of the reduced Cr in most cases. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) analysis showed that Cr(III) accumulated inside and outside of some bacterial cells, implying that different Cr(VI)-reducing mechanisms were involved.

Electroactive biofilms were formed on carbon paper under constant external resistance of 1000 Ω using Escherichia coli as inoculum and glucose as substrate. In this paper, the performance of the biofilm growth of the microorganism directly on the anode was studied. To form a mature biofilm, five fed-batch cycles were repeated with every period of 1 d. The electrochemical characterization of the microbial fuel cell was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization behavior. It was evident that the enhanced MFC performance was associated with the development of the biofilm. With formation of the mature anode biofilm, the anode polarization resistance was decreased by 66.5%, the anode potential also gradually decreased, while peak output power density was enhanced over 260%.

Modeling the radio channel has historically been one of the most difficult parts of mobile radio system design. Channel modeling is the basis for the high-level network planning process (antennae heights, frequency assignment, base station subsystem parameter set, network architecture, etc... ). In this contribution, we will compare two of the most important outdoor macro-cell models, COST 231-WI model and ECC-33 model with simulation and measurement. The measurement is taken in urban areas.

A multi-step mechanism is discussed for the oxidation of BH 4 − on Cu anode in NaOH solution. Polarization experiments are conducted in 2 M sodium hydroxide solutions with 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 M NaBH 4 at 25, 50, and 75 °C, respectively. The rate-determining step is the electrochemical oxidation of B H 4 , ad − that reacted with O H ad − at low overpotentials and changes to the competitive adsorption of BH 4 − or OH − at higher overpotentials. The theoretical predictions are satisfactorily in accordance with the polarization data. However, these predictions deviate from the data at the highest temperature or concentration of BH 4 − because of the bubbling of the side product, H 2 .

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), power density and anode potential are used to characterize the mediator microbial fuel cell at different methylene blue (MB) concentrations. At lower MB concentration between 9.98×10-3 mmol/L and 1.66×10-1 mmol/L, the increased power density is enabled by using high mediator concentrations. Higher peak power density of 159.6 mw/m2 is observed compared with the peak power density of 36.0 mw/m2. But MB at too high concentration is disadvantageous to the perform of MFC. At the MB concentration of 2.50×10-1 mmol/L, the peak power output is just 128.4 mw/m2, which is lower than 159.6 mw/m2 at MB concentration of 1.66×10-1 mmol/L.

According to the characteristics of the low efficiency of drainage equipment for coal bed methane wells, we analyzed and calculated the coefficient of fullness, plunger stroke loss, leakage and volume factor, which affect pump efficiency. After analyzing the displacement loss caused by various factors, we obtained coefficient of fullness of the most influential factor on the pump efficiency. By analyzing the change relationship among the coefficient of fullness and clearance space, gas fluid ratio, compression ratio and pumping speed, we found shrinking clearance space and reducing gas fluid ratio, compression ratio and pumping speed can increase coefficient of fullness, and we presented several improvement measures to improve pump efficiency. These measures will enable coal bed methane wells production more stable and efficient.

There are abundant coal bed methane resources in China, and recovery technology is considered a very important part in the development of coal bed methane. At present, coal bed methane production areas are still adopting the tubing liner pump, but because of the special working environment, in the pumping process, the fine breeze (sand) and other solid particles entering into the pump barrel is likely to cause the pump stuck, pipe string buried by sand and other issues. In view of the above problems, based on the ordinary tubing liner pump, through the increase of the anti-litter bypass style traveling valve housing and fixed valve housing, outside liner jacket, sand reservoir and liquid in tee joint measures we developed a new type of CBM special anti-clogging drainage pump and adopted finite element analysis software ANSYS to complete key parts of strength calculation. The use of this pump will effectively reduces the blocking of fine coal particles (sand) and other solid particles, decreases the pump's checking operation and workload of sand bailing, consequently improves efficiency, reduces overall operating costs.

In this paper a horizontal vibration problem in strip rolling was studied; dynamic model was established; the mechanism of self-excited vibration was analyzed. The main reason of surface quality of strip is self-excited vibration. A vertical natural frequency and vibration mode of the rolling mill are obtained by finite element method. It lays the theoretic foundation for future researches on rolling mill vibraton.

According to the vibration happened in rolling process of 1780 tandem rolling mill. Finite element method and structural dynamic method were used to analysis in this paper. The natural frequencies of the rack were calculated. The comparision between two methods were done. It was helpful for designing and reducing vibration of the rolling process.

In this paper, a mathematical model of a tubular packed-bed catalytic reactor, which is modeled by a system of strongly nonlinear second-order partial differential equations with incompatible boundary conditions, will be solved. By properly using the boundary conditions and correctly choosing the solution search direction, approximate analytic solutions for the model can be obtained by the Adomian decomposition method. When the values of the dimensionless parameters in the system are assigned within a suitable range, the solutions describe objectively the distributions of the temperature and key reactant concentration in the reactor.

Through to the petroleum drilling machine serial design pattern malpractice's analysis, this article proposed petroleum drilling machine's concurrent design uses in the petroleum drilling machine enterprise based on PDM the platform. Elaborated the concurrent design in the petroleum drilling machine production process's application, analyzed PDM and the concurrent design relational model as well as PDM and the petroleum drilling machine's concurrent design key technologies.

通过溶胶填充模板法制备了Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 纳米线阵列, 采用SEM、EDS、XRD对纳米线形貌和组成进行了表征. 实验结果表明: 以孔径为100nm阳极氧化铝模板(AAO), 于-0.1MPa负压环境中填充0.8 mol/L Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 溶胶, 80℃干燥, 900℃空气气氛中焙烧20h, 重复填充-干燥-焙烧四次, 得到平均直径为70nm尖晶石结构的Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 纳米线阵列. 其直径和长度分别由模板的孔径、厚度, 溶胶浓度和填充次数控制, 晶体结构取决于焙烧时间和温度. 并在实验基础上, 分析了纳米线形成机理.

According to the characteristic of the thin-walled components, through the analysis which carries on to the complex stents structure and the material, This article found the reason of the components’ distortion, and then designed the self-made jig, the self-made cutting tool, and choiced the optimized processing parameter and so on, summarized the processing technique of the stents cavity, improved the components processing quality and the processing efficiency.

High purity spherical nano-powder materials can be synthesized using high-frequency plasma chemical vapor deposition (HF-PCVD) by electrodeless discharge. A generalized two-dimensional mathematical model for the reactive synthesis titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles using HF-PCVD was developed based on reaction engineering theory, the model can theoretically describe the distribution of temperature and conversion of titanium tetrachloride(TiCl4) reactant in reactor. The model was proved by using experiment conditions. It was reasonable explained by simulation results of the model that why the average particle sizes of TiO2 nanoparticles product is vary in different experiment conditions, that is, at shorter residence time and a lower concentration of TiCl4 reactant, the particle sizes of TiO2 nanoparticles is smaller and more uniform distribution, but a lower conversion rate of TiCl4 reactant，vice versa.

Objectives To investigate influences of the functional polymorphisms of Cytochrome P450 isozymes 2A6 (CYP2A6), 2B6 (CYP2B6), and 2C9 (CYP2C9) on pharmacokinetics of VPA in vivo. Patients and methods In the study, we analyzed the genotypes of CYP2A6, CYP2B6, and CYP2C9 and their contribution to the steady-state standardized plasma VPA concentrations in 179 subjects with epilepsy of a Northern Han Chinese population. The genotypes were detected by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results The subjects with one or two variant CYP2A6*4 alleles showed higher mean plasma VPA concentrations compared with non-*4 alleles [(3.4 ± 0.4) μg kg ml−1 mg−1 vs. (3.6 ± 0.4) μg kg ml−1 mg−1, p = 0.0055]. A significant difference [one-way ANOVA (p = 0.0203)] was also found between mean plasma VPA concentrations and the CYP2B6 genotypes. In addition, subjects with the heterozygous genotype CYP2C9*3 had higher mean plasma VPA concentrations than did those subjects with the wild-type genotype [(3.9 ± 0.4) μg kg ml−1 mg−1 vs. (3.4 ± 0.4) μg kg ml−1 mg−1, p = 0.0001]. Conclusion The presently evaluated variant alleles in the CYP2A6, CYP2B6, and CYP2C9 genes may explain part of the substantial variability in VPA pharmacokinetics between different subjects.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological evidence of co-use of alcohol and areca nuts suggests a potential central interaction between arecoline, a major alkaloid of areca and a muscarinic receptor agonist, and ethanol. Moreover, the central cholinergic system plays an important role in the depressant action of ethanol and barbiturates. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of arecoline on pentobarbital- and ethanol-induced hypnosis in mice. METHODS: Male ICR mice were tested for locomotor activity following acute systemic administration of ethanol alone, arecoline alone, or ethanol plus arecoline. For the loss of the righting reflex (LORR) induced by pentobarbital and ethanol, sleep latency and sleeping duration were evaluated in mice treated with arecoline alone or the combination of arecoline and scopolamine or methscopolamine. RESULTS: Ethanol (1.0 to 3.0 g/kg, i.p.) reduced locomotor activity significantly and a declining trend was observed after treatment with arecoline (0.25 to 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.), but there were no synergistic effects of ethanol and arecoline on locomotor activity. The experiments on LORR demonstrated that arecoline (0.125 to 1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) shortened the duration of sleeping induced by ethanol (4.0 g/kg, i.p.), but not pentobarbital (45 mg/kg, i.p.). In addition, alterations of sleep latency were not obvious in both pentobarbital- and ethanol-induced LORR. Statistical analyses revealed that scopolamine (centrally acting), but not methscopolamine (peripherally acting), could antagonize the effect of arecoline on the duration of ethanol-induced LORR in mice. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that central muscarinic receptor is a pharmacological target for the action of arecoline to modulate ethanol-induced hypnosis.

A kinetic model of a porous Pt–Ru anode for methanol oxidation is presented. It was based on the dual-site mechanism for methanol oxidation and used to predict anode performance and the influence of species adsorption on the overall oxidation (macro-) kinetics. The performance of the porous Pt–Ru anode depended on the parameters of the intrinsic chemical kinetics of methanol oxidation and physical parameters such as electrode thickness, surface area, effective diffusion and charge transfer coefficients and concentration of methanol and temperature. The model was solved by using the finite difference method with a subroutine for solving a set of nonlinear algebraic equations in each step. Surface coverage ratio distributions of adsorbed species, effectiveness of the porous electrode and macro-polarisation curves were obtained. The simulated polarisation curves were compared to experimental polarisation data for methanol oxidation on Pt–Ru porous anodes at different temperatures and methanol concentrations. The intrinsic kinetic parameters were regressed from the corresponding experimental data. The predicted polarisation curves calculated by the model, were consistent with experimental polarisation data at lower current densities. The departure of experimental data from the predicted polarisation curves at high concentration and high apparent current densities was believed to be due to two-phase flow in the electrode.

Nonfunctional parathyroid carcinoma (PTC) is one of the rarest malignant diseases and only nine cases have been reported during the last 23 years. We present a case of nonfunctioning PTC and review the literature in an effort to provide a better understanding of this rare disorder. One patient with nonfunctioning PTC was presented, detailing the clinical features, histologic findings, diagnosis, and treatment. Together with data from the other nine cases reported last 23 years, the related literature is also reviewed. The presented case was a 47-year-old man with a 2-month history of an enlarging painless cervical mass followed by a 2-week history of hoarseness. Clinical and laboratory evaluations failed to reveal evidence of hyperparathyroidism. Pathological analysis of the resected tumor disclosed findings consistent with PTC. The nonsecretory state of the tumor was further supported by immunoreactivity for parathyroid hormone in tissue, and normal serum levels of this peptide and calcium preoperatively and postoperatively. Most nonfunctional PTC is detected late due to a paucity of symptoms, of which a palpable neck mass is the most common. Patients with nonfunctioning PTC appear to have a poorer prognosis than do those with functioning parathyroid cancers.

A novel labyrinth flow bubble photoreactor (LBPR) was designed and the model of multiple mixed flow reactors (MMFRs) in series was established to describe the behavior of the LBPR during batch recirculation system of low concentration organic pollutant degradation by photocatalysis. This model was developed by the mass balance combining the rate equation of the photocatalytic reaction. The influence of the structural parameters, such as the number of baffle plates, the space between the baffle plates and the height of liquid exit in the reactor, on the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant was mainly investigated. The relationships between the final conversion rate and the liquid rate, liquid volumes, light intensity and catalyst amounts were also predicted by this model. TiO 2 was immobilized on quartz glass particles by sol–gel method and used as the photocatalysts; the degradation experiment of methyl orange (MO) was performed in a 2 l LBPR reactor to validate the above model. The experimental results showed that the removal rate of MO could reach 100% with 12 baffle plates and 4 cm height of liquid exit after 1.5 h treatment when the flow rate was 0.0111 m 3 h −1 and the particle catalysts was 4.8 g l −1 . The prediction of the model is consistent with the experimental results. This research provides exploratory work for the design of a novel commercial scale photocatalytic reactor.

Three types of Ti–Si binary oxides have been prepared by sol-gel processes. The effects of SiO2 addition and annealing temperature on the grain size, phase transition, dispersion, and microstructure of nanocrystalline (nc) TiO2 anatase in the three Ti–Si oxide structures have been comparatively investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The grain growth and anatase-rutile transformation (ART) of ncTiO2 were found to depend not only on the SiO2 content and annealing temperature, but also on the composite structure. Both the grain growth and the ART of ncTiO2 proved to be significantly inhibited with increasing SiO2 content for all of the Ti–Si samples, but the structure of intimately mixed Ti–Si binary oxide showed the best inhibiting ability under high-temperature annealing. This result might be attributed to variations in the large lattice strains in ncTiO2, which were mainly induced by the substitution of Ti4+ by Si4+. Plausible mechanisms for the grain growth and ART of ncTiO2 are proposed. To inhibit the grain growth of ncTiO2, the addition of 10 and 30 mol% SiO2 proved to be optimal for Ti–Si samples annealed at 773 K and 1273 K, respectively.

The policy of synchronous vacations of partial servers is considered in an multi-server queuing system with balking and reneging. Some fixed partial idle servers take synchronous multiple vacations when these servers become idle at an instant that a customer leaves the system. In this article, by considering the two cases that the partial servers are on vacation and not on vacation, the distributions of the conditional waiting time for customers who join the system when all the available servers are busy and eventually acquire service are obtained. Based on these, the distribution of the conditional waiting time of customers given that they join the system when all available servers are busy and eventually acquire service is derived.

Novel ionic imprinted polymers were prepared using covalent combination of polyamine ligands and bentonite. Cyclic voltammetry was applied to electrochemically recognise rare earth ions using carbon paste electrodes modified with these ionic imprinted polymers. Two well-defined redox peaks, representing the adsorptive complexes of the rare earth ions and tribromoarsenazo, were found using scanning potentials from − 0.80 to 0.00 V vs. SCE. These peaks were used to determine the rare earth ions. Keeping the rare earth ion concentrations constant permitted developing a simple, effective method to evaluate quantitatively the ionic recognition of the imprinted polymers. The rare earth ion adsorption process on the surface of ionic imprinted polymers was found to be diffusion-controlled. The peak current in the cyclic voltammograms enabled calculation of the recognition ratios of ionic imprinted polymers.

A novel alkali extractable polysaccharide (designated as PNA-2) was purified from Pleurotus nebrodensis and the effects of purified PNA-2 on the proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatic cancer cells (HepG2) were investigated in this study. The results of a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay indicated that PNA-2 inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells by apoptosis induction, which was also characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the expression of apoptosis-associated mRNA, proteins and the cell-cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase was determined using RT-qPCR, Western blot and flow cytometry, respectively. A notable inhibition of the migration rate of PNA-2-treated HepG2 cells was observed using a cell scratch assay. DNA damage was observed using a comet assay and AO/EB staining in HepG2 cells, which were exposed to PNA-2. Induction of the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway by PNA-2 was indicated by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), Bcl-2 dysregulation and cytochrome c release. All the results suggested that the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway could be involved in PNA-2-mediated apoptosis of human liver carcinoma cells HepG2. Finally, the results indicated that PNA-2 significantly suppressed tumor growth in HepG2 tumor-bearing mice, indicating that PNA-2 may be developed as a candidate drug or functional food factor to prevent or treat liver cancer.

Background Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is reported to be expressed in many cancer cell types and regarded as one of the most informative biochemical markers for poor prognosis. However, no previous study has evaluated whether PAI-1 could serve as a target in antitumor and antimetastasis therapies of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods The plasma level of PAI-1 in CRC patients was detected and its correlation with the clinicopathologic features was evaluated. PAI-1 protein expression was assessed by Western blot assay and immunohistochemistry. The biologic consequences of PAI-1 silencing in colon cancer cell lines and CRC bearing nude mice were also investigated. Results Plasma PAI-1 level was higher in CRC patients with liver metastasis and correlated with liver metastasis, tumor size, differentiation, serosa infiltration, Duke’s stage, and lymphatic metastasis. PAI-1 protein expression in the CRC tissue of patients with liver metastasis was significantly greater than that in those without liver metastasis. In addition, the abilities of proliferation, invasion, and migration of CRC cells transfected with lentivirus expressing PAI-1 small interfering RNA were reduced significantly. Nude mice inoculated with PAI-1 knockdown cells also had fewer metastatic nodules in the liver and smaller tumor volumes. Conclusion Plasma PAI-1 level was increased in CRC patients with liver metastasis, and PAI-1 silencing may significantly compromise the malignant behaviors of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. These findings may provide evidence for PAI-1 targeted therapy of CRC.

Thin films of capillary deposited nickel hexacyanoferrate(NiHCF) were investigated as electrochemically switched ion exchange(ESIX) materials. The films were generated on platinum and graphite substrates based on the ternary reagent diagram. In 1 mol/L KNO3 solution, cyclic voltammetry(CV) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS) was used to determine the influence of experimental conditions on the electroactivity of the NiHCF thin film on Pt substrates. The ion selectivity, ion-exchange capacity and the regenerability of NiHCF films on Pt and graphite substrates were investigated. The experiment results show that the NiHCF thin films from Ni2+-poor growth conditions have double peaks CV curves and contain relatively larger amount of potassium; while those from Ni2+-rich growth conditions are single peak CV curves and contain relatively smaller amount of potassium. It is demonstrated that the NiHCF thin films of capillary chemical deposition have good ESIX performances.

A model for a porous or particulate bed electrode reactor is presented. The model consists of nonlinear second-order ordinary differential equations, a one-dimensional Poisson equation, describing the effect of the electric field on this system, and a one-dimensional diffusion-reaction equation describing the concentration variation associated with diffusion. The model accounts for mass transport and heterogeneous electrochemical reaction. The solution of this model is by the approximate Adomian polynomial method and is used to determine lateral distributions of concentration, overpotential and current density, overall cell polarisation and effectiveness factors, and to simulate the effects of important system and operating parameters, i.e. local diffusion rates and mass transport coefficients.

The problem of diffusion and reaction in catalyst pellets is considered for the case of nth order reactions. The Adomian decomposition method is used to solve the nonlinear model of diffusion and reaction and to obtain approximate solutions. The variation of reactant concentration in the catalyst pellet and the effectiveness factors are determined for second-, half- and first order reaction. The approximate analytical solutions obtained are compared with solutions obtained with a finite difference numerical method. In general, the Adomian polynomial method with three terms gives solutions comparable to the numerical procedure for Thiele modulus approximately up to 4.0.

The problem of the process of coupled diffusion and reaction in catalyst pellets is considered for the case of second and half order reactions. The Adomian decomposition method is used to solve the non-linear model. For the second, half and first order reactions, analytical approximate solutions are obtained. The variation of reactant concentration in the catalyst pellet and the effectiveness factors at ϕ

Finite element method and structural mechanics method are used to study the blast furnace shell modal analysis and the natural frequencies and mode shapes have been calculated. The two methods were compared and validated , and the results provide a theoretical foundation for the anti-vibration capabilities design of blast furnace shell in the future .

In the present study, the effects of Pleurotus nebrodensis polysaccharide (PN-S) on the immune functions of immunosuppressed mice were determined. The immunosuppressed mouse model was established by treating the mice with cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg/2d, CY) through intraperitoneal injection. The results showed that PN-S administration significantly reversed the CY-induced weight loss, increased the thymic and splenic indices, and promoted proliferation of T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, and macrophages. PN-S also enhanced the activity of natural killer cells and increased the immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in the serum. In addition, PN-S treatment significantly increased the phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages. PN-S also increased the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (INF-γ), and nitric oxide (NOS) in splenocytes. qRT-PCR results also indicated that PN-S increased the mRNA expression of IL-6, TNF-α, INF-γ, and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the splenocytes. These results suggest that PN-S treatment enhances the immune function of immunosuppressed mice. This study may provide a basis for the application of this fungus in adjacent immunopotentiating therapy against cancer and in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression.

A non-linear model for the direct electrochemical oxidation of propylene in a new type of reactor — a sparged packed bed electrode reactor (SPBER) is developed. The model consists of a set of second-order ordinary differential equations, which includes a one-dimensional Poisson equation, describing the effect of the electric field on this system, and material balance equations for reactants and products. The model accounts for gas–liquid mass transport, liquid–solid mass transport at the electrode, heterogeneous electrochemical reaction and homogeneous reaction in the bulk solution. The reactant, propylene, undergoes direct oxidation to the epoxide, which undergoes further chemical reaction (saponification), in solution, to the glycol. Numerical solution of this model is used to determine lateral distributions of overpotential, current density and concentrations of products in a SPBER, and to simulate the effects of important operating parameters, such as gas sparging rate and applied overpotential, on these distributions.

Reaction of a range of guaiacyl, syringyl, veratryl and 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl lignin model compounds with UV-alkaline peroxide gave rise to 26 aliphatic acids which were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The acids derived from scission of the aromatic rings, and their total yields were less than 10% from most model compounds. The acids were both monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic. with either saturated or unsaturated carbon chains, and were variously substituted with hydroxyl, methoxyl and alkyl groups. There were more aliphatic acid products identified in the reaction mixtures of guaiacyl and syringyl lignin models than in those from veratryl and 3,4.5-trimethoxyphenyl models, although high numbers of products were not always reflected in the total yields. The identification of more products from phenols than from their methyl ethers reflects the degree of their degradation, and is consistent with the involvement of the superoxide radical anion as a reaction intermediate.

A series of guaiacyl and syringyl lignin model compounds and their methylated analogues were reacted with alkaline hydrogen peroxide while irradiating with UV light at 254 nm. The aromatic products obtained were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Guaiacol, syringol and veratrol gave no detectable aromatic products. However, syringol methyl ether gave small amounts of aromatic products, resulting from ring substitution and methoxyl displacement by hydroxyl radicals. Reaction of vanillin and syringaldehyde gave the Dakin reaction products, methoxy-1,4-hydroquinones, while reaction of their methyl ethers yielded benzoic acids. Acetoguaiacone, acetosyringone and their methyl ethers afforded several hydroxylated aromatic products, but no aromatic products were identified in the reaction mixtures from guaiacylpropane and syringylpropane. In contrast, veratrylpropane gave a mixture from which 17 aromatic hydroxylated compounds were identified. It is concluded that for phenolic...

The comparative reactivities of a series of guaiacyl and syringyl lignin model compounds and their methylated analogues towards alkaline peroxide and UV-alkaline peroxide were investigated. The overall reaction was followed by monitoring the reduction of the substrate as a function of time, and in every case, the reaction showed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The reaction rates of most lignin models having identical sidechains with alkaline peroxide and with UV-alkaline peroxide were in the order syringyl > guaiacyl > 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl > veratryl. Thus phenols react faster than their methyl ethers, and an extra ortho methoxyl group promotes the reaction. Lignin models possessing electron-donating side-chains had generally higher reaction rates than those with electron-withdrawing sidechains. The reaction rates of the series of benzoic acids were 2–4 times higher at pH 11 than at pH 5. UV-peroxide degradation of a eucalypt kraft lignin was faster than that of a pine kraft lignin, and degradatio...

Studies were carried out on oxidation of lignin model compounds containing an α-carbonyl groups and a ring-conjugated double bond by hydrogen peroxide/UV photolysis. The results showed that the reaction is strongly pH dependent. Under conditions studied, optimum disappearance rates of substrates were observed with molar ratio of substrate:hydrogen peroxide (1 : 8.8) at pH 10.6 with irradiation of 254 nm photons. Under these conditions, acetovanillone was completely degraded into non-aromatic products after 2 hrs of irradiation, maleic acid and fumaric acid were found in trace amount in the reaction products. Under the same reaction conditions, iraii.t-ferulic acid was appeared more stable than acetovanillone, trans-cis isomerization was taken place, and maleic acid, fumaric acid and 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid were also found in the reaction products. These results indicate that oxidative cleavages of both aromatic ring, Cα-Cβ double bond, and demethoxylation have occurred during the hydrogen peroxide/UV photolysis. The possible pathways for the degradation of the model compounds have been discussed.

ESR spectra of acetovanillone and trans-ferulic acid, lignin model compounds, were measured in aqueous solution at different pH values under UV (254 nm photon) irradiation with or without hydrogen peroxide. The intensity of radicals in the irradiated samples was strongly dependent on the concentration of both sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide. Ionization of the phenolic hydroxyl group in the model compounds plays an important role in the formation of phenoxyl radicals under the UV irradiation. The presence of hydrogen peroxide enhanced the formation of phenoxyl radicals in the alkaline pH.

We present the case of a patient with startle epilepsy provoked by auditory, somatosensory and visual stimuli during video-electrocorticography (ECoG) recording. Ictal ECoG of all types of seizures triggered by the three kinds of stimuli showed that seizure onset originated from the left supplementary sensorimotor area (SSMA). The patient has been seizure-free after the cortex around the left SSMA only had been resected. Therefore, we speculate that left SSMA is the epileptogenic zone of startle epilepsy in this patient and perhaps the primary cortex to modulate the startle reflex in healthy persons.

Objective To investigate the effects of and mechanisms underlying the activation of the p75 tumor necrosis factor receptor (p75TNFR) signaling pathway in inflammatory responses in mice with traumatic brain injury. Methods We first generated hybridomas that produced antibodies specific for p75TNFR, by inoculating BALB/c mice with antigenic peptides derived from mouse p75TNFR, which is critical to the binding of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and p75TNFR. The isotype, epitope, titer, specificity, and affinity constant of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were determined using commercial kits and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We then screened the agonist antibody via L929 cytotoxicity assay. The levels of inflammatory factors were detected in C57BL/6 mice with traumatic brain injury and then the mice were injected with either saline (control) or p75TNFR agonist mAb. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of p75TNFR agonist mAb on p38MAPK and nuclear factor-κB signals. Results Seven mAbs against p75TNFR were generated. Among them, the mAb D8F2 could markedly enhance the cytotoxicity of TNF-α on L929 cells. In a traumatic brain injury model, D8F2 could inhibit the levels of inflammatory factors and downregulate RNA transcription of these factors by suppressing the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB. Conclusion The mAb D8F2 could inhibit posttraumatic inflammatory responses effectively. In this study, we developed an agonist anti-mouse p75TNFR mAb, which may be used in the future to devise new strategies for the clinical treatment of inflammation after trauma.

Cellular prion protein (PrPc) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein that has various physical functions, including protection against apoptotic and oxidative stress, cellular uptake of copper ions, transmembrane signaling, and adhesion to the extracellular matrix. In this study, we show that PrPc is highly expressed in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Transcriptome profiling of PrPc-depleted DLD-1 cells revealed downregulation of glucose transporter 1 (Glut1). PrPc is shown to be involved in regulating Glut1 expression through the Fyn-HIF-2α pathway. As Glut1 is the natural transporter of glucose and is required for the high glycolytic rate seen in colorectal tumors, silencing of PrPc reduced the proliferation and survival rate of colorectal cancer cells in vitro. In vivo, knockdown of PrPc by hydrodynamic injection with a cocktail of PrPc–shRNA-encoding plasmids also inhibited tumorigenicity in a xenograft model in nude mice. In summary, our data characterize a novel molecular mechanism that links PrPc expression to the regulation of glycolysis. Targeting PrPc will therefore be a promising strategy to overcome the growth and survival advantage in colorectal tumors. (Cancer Sci 2011; 102: 400–406)

Air cathode microbial fuel cell (MFC) were investigated for electricity production from sweet potato fuel ethanol wastewater containing 5000 mg/L of chemical oxygen demand (COD). Maximum power density of 334.1 mW/m2, coulombic efficiency (CE) of 10.1% and COD removal efficiency of 92.2% were approached. The effect of phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and COD concentration on the performance of MFC was further examined. The addition of PBS from 50 mmol/L to 200 mmol/L increased the maximum power density and CE by 33.4% and 26.0%, respectively. However, the COD removal efficiency was not relative to PBS concentration in the wastewater. When the COD increased from 625 mg/L to 10 000 mg/L, the maximum value of COD removal efficiency and the maximum power density were gained at the wastewater strength of 5 000 mg/L. But the CE ranged from 28.9% to 10.3% with a decreasing trend. These results demonstrate that sweet potato fuel ethanol wastewater can be used for electricity generation in MFC while at the same time achieving wastewater treatment. The increasing of PBS concentration can improve the power generation of MFC. The maximum power density of MFC increases with the rise of COD concentration, but the electricity generation will decrease for the acidification of high wastewater concentration.

A reaction engineering model and an electrochemical reactor model are developed for the reduction of nitrobenzene to p-aminophenol in a packed bed electrode reactor. The reactor model is based on a simplification of the two-dimensional Poisson equation for the potential distribution. The predictions of the model are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results. The process can be operated at a superficial current density greater than 1500 A m −2 , with an average selectivity greater than 80%, and a current efficiency > 75% for p-aminophenol in the experimental packed electrode reactor.