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To investigate the incidence rate and the risk factors for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.A total of 147 patients underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery between January to July 2013 were included in this study. POCD was diagnosed using a neuropsychological test battery. All enrolled patients were interviewed on the day before surgery, the seventh day and 3 months after surgery, respectively, by the same researcher, and were divided into two groups based on the results: the POCD group and the non-POCD group. The information, including age, sex, body mass index, educational status, comorbidities, history of smoking and drinking, ASA grade, left ventricular ejection fraction, operation method, duration of operations, regional cerebral oxygen saturation, the lowest haemoglobin concentrations and the haemoglobin concentration decline rate during the operation, tracheal catheter retention time, postoperative pain on visual analogue scales (VAS) and systemic inflammatory response syndrome score (SIRS score), were recorded based on a schedule of survey. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for POCD.A total of 101 patients finished this study. On 7 days and 3 months after surgery, 38 and 21 cases showed POCD, with an incidence rate at 37.6% and 20.8%, respectively. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in incidence of POCD between CABG and OPCABG group on both 7 days and 3 months after surgery (P0.05). The logistic stepwise regression analysis indicated that the risk factors for POCD included advanced age (OR=1.177, 95%CI 1.071-1.292, P=0.001), the haemoglobin concentration decline rate (OR=1.334, 95%CI 1.152-1.545, P0.05) and SIRS score (OR=2.815, 95%CI 1.014-7.818, P=0.047).The incidence rate of POCD was 37.6% and 20.8% on 7 days and 3 months after surgery respectively. Advanced age, the haemoglobin concentration decline rate and SIRS score are independent risk factors for POCD in patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.

Marine bacteria are a rich source of potentially useful antimicrobial molecules. The purpose of the study is to explore the diversity of bacteria with antimicrobial activity isolated from Siganus fuscescens gastrointestinal tract collected from Naozhou Island (20 degrees 52' N-20 degrees 56' N 110 degrees 33' E-110 degrees 38' E), Leizhou Bay, South China Sea.We isolated bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract of fish sample using classical culturing technique, and determined antimicrobial activities of the isolates by Oxford cup method. We investigated diversity of antimicrobial isolates using phylogenetic comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences.According to the results of morphological observation and part of physiological and biochemical experiments, we isolated 68 strains from fish gastrointestinal tract. Among them, 19 strains with antimicrobial activities were acquired (27.9% of the isolates) and represented 19 different species, belonging to 12 genera (Rothia, Micrococcu, Brachybacterium, Brevibacterium, Psychrobacter, Paracoccus, Cobetia, Citrobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus) of 11 families (Microbacteriaceae, Dermabacteraceae, Brevibacteriaceae, Moraxellaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Halomonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Bacillaceae, Lactobacillaceae and Staphylococcaceae) in three phyla (Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes). Eight strains (42.1%), 7 strains (36.8%) and 4 strains (21.1%) were belonging to the phylum Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, respectively. The phylogenetic distance matrix results suggested that there were obvious genetic divergences between the majority of strains with antimicrobial activity and their phylogenetically most closely related typical strain, due to 16S rRNA gene sequences similarities ranging from 96.2 to 99.9%. In addition, 4 strains (ZJHD2-31, ZJHD5-23, ZJHD2-58 and M26) could represent potential new species, and identification of the novel strain M26 has been published in Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.There are abundant diversity for bacteria with antimicrobial activity and potentially more new species of microorganism in Siganus fuscescens gastrointestinal tract collected from Naozhou Island.

Ionic Liquids(ILs) as one kind of green solvents was studied and applied more and more with the development of green chemistry, because of their unique physical and chemical properties. The intermediate 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide was synthesized from the materials of N-methylimidazolium and 1-butylbromide; 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium terafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate were synthesized with anion exchange reaction. the intermediate's synthesis mechanism is nucleophilic substitution reaction. Structures of the three ionic liquids were indicated by FT-IR, 1HNMR and Computer Simulation. At last, the thermal properties, conductivity and dissolved performance of the Ionic Liquids were investigated. The results of this work could provide meaningful insights in the understanding of the use of imidazoled ILs.

This paper introduces one of the young, energetic and rapidly growing research fields in biomedical engineering-Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology, which can provide augmentative communication and control capabilities to patients with severe motor disabilities. We summarize the first two international meetings for BCI, and present the most typical research fruits. The problems in current studies and the direction for future investigation are analyzed.