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This study focuses on how the chemical makeup of the glass' basic components affects the glass' structure and optical characteristics. Four glass samples have been created for this purpose using the chemical formula; 94 mol% Na2B4O7—(6-x) mol% CeO2 – x mol% Ce(NO3)3, where 0 ≤ x ≤ 6. The Ce cations in this formula have two separate chemical sources, CeO2 and Ce(NO3)3, with CeO2 eventually being replaced by Ce(NO3)3. The standard melt-quenching technique was used to prepare the studied glasses. While X-ray direction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and UV–vis were used for the structural and optical characterizations. XRD patterns revealed the short-range order glass networks for the prepared samples, while DSC thermograms showed that when CeO2 was replaced with Ce(NO3)3, the glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased, causing the glass stability to improve. The optical characterization resulted in the finding that when CeO2 was replaced with Ce(NO3)3, the Urbach's energy increased with a decrease in bandgap energies, which reflects an increase in the glass homogeneity. Finally, the results may imply that Ce(NO3)3-based glasses can be proposed for usage in applications for UV blockers, radiation shielding, light attenuation, and n-type semiconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sol-gel auto-composition approach was used to produce AgxCo0.5−xZn0.5Fe1.95La0.05O4/5% G (x = 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 (nanocomposites. Some techniques for characterizing the composite structure such as XRD, SEM, EDX, HR-TEM, SAED, FTIR, Raman, and electron mapping are performed. The structure is indexed to be cubic ferrite with space group Fd-3 m lattice parameters ranging from (8.3823–8.4139 A˚). The crystallite size was determined by four trends to be (27.57–41.72 nm), (30.88–62.18 nm), (80.70–103.6 nm), and (73.12 nm) by Scherer's equation, W-H relation, SEM, and HR-TEM respectively. The strain ε and the line dislocation δ in crystalline and the theoretical density ρXRD are evaluated. EDX and elemental mapping revealed that all elements are present, indicating a good synthesis method. FTIR spectrum shows octahedron absorption band ʋocta at 399–462 cm− 1 and the tetrahedron band tetra at 590–624 cm− 1. The force constant kOct. and kTet. octahedral and tetrahedral are determined to be 1.1854 × 105 and 2.0249 × 105 dyne/cm. The VSM approach estimates the magnetic characteristics of such materials to be ferromagnetic, with a saturation magnetization of 44.60 emu/g decreasing with increasing Ag concentration. The Hc is in 117.95 G, which decreases to 25% with increasing Ag content. Graphene-based nanoparticles offer unique mechanisms of action and broad-spectrum activity against bacteria and cancer cells. The effect of a novel and inventive chemical on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was examined. The compound exhibited a significant antibacterial effect on gram-positive bacteria, with a 60% activity compared to the control and 64% activity on gram-negative. Furthermore, the antifungal activity has been evaluated. It also exhibited a great cytotoxic activity on the MDA-MB-231breast cancer cell line, leading to decreased viability by 94.5%, 93.26% and 90.1% for Ag = 0.5, 0.1, and 0, respectively, compared with negative control. Continued study and development in this sector may result in the creation of novel treatment techniques for fighting bacterial infections and cancer. This paper provides a comprehensive study of the current knowledge regarding utilizing zinc, Silver, and cobalt in the context of their antibacterial and anticancer activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, new glass systems with composition xV2O5–20CuO–60B2O3–15CaO–(5−x)ZnO which is coded as BCuCa–(5−x)Zn:xV where (0, 1, 2.5 mol.%) were fabricated using the melt-quenching technique with melting temperature 1200 °C to serve as competitive candidates for γ-ray and neutron shielding. XRD and FT-IR were used to characterize the assembled glass samples. The density values of synthesized glasses were increased almost linearly from 2.807 to 2.834 g cm−3, whereas molar volume decreased from 54.894 to 54.174 cm3 mol−1, depending on the addition of V2O5. The γ-ray shielding properties of the prepared glass samples were tested experimentally using P-type HPGe detector in the photon energy range of 0.356–1.332 MeV and theoretically with the help of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and Phy-X/PSD software in the photon energy range of 0.015–15 MeV. Various nuclear radiation shielding parameters such as linear attenuation coefficient (µ), half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number (Zeff), radiation protection efficiency (RPE), and fast neutron removal cross-section (FNRCS) for the prepared glasses have been evaluated at the selected range of photon energies. The experimental data of μ for all the tested glass systems is comparable to that obtained from a theoretical calculation. Also, Monte Carlo calculations were in a fairly good agreement with the Phy-X/PSD data, so that the maximum difference between them was about 2.716%. The outlined results indicated that the glass sample with 2.5-mol % V2O5 (BCuCa–2.5Zn:2.5V) exhibits optimal µ, Zeff, HVL, TVL, and MFP values. BCuCa–2.5Zn:2.5V was also found to have the best value of the FNRCS (about 0.1 cm−1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of adding copper oxide to glasses of the composition B2O3-Li2O-Na2O-CaO-SrO-As2O3-XCuO, which are referred to as BLNCASCu-X glasses. The weight percentages of copper oxide used are 0, 0.25, 0.75, and 1 wt.%. The BLNCASCu-X glass was analyzed using Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR), Ramman, and X-ray diffraction (X-R-D). Additionally, the physical assets of the glass were examined. Adding CuO resulted in a linear increase in the density of the glasses, from 2.8067 to 2.8340 g.cm−3. Simultaneously, the molar volume of the glasses decreased from 18.6317 to 24.9974 cm3 mol−1. The density (ρ) exhibited a progressive increase from 3.492 to 3.901 g.cm−3, whereas the molar volume (Vm) experienced a drop from 22.311 to 21.216 cm3.mol−1 as the CuO content grew from 0 to 1 wt.%. The radiation shielding properties of the samples were determined experimentally using an HPGe detector at the γ-energies: 0.661 to 1.332 MeVs. The radiation shielding assets of the examined BLNCASCu-X glasses (e.g., the linear attenuation (μ), half value layer (H1/2), etc.) were evaluated using the MC Monte Carlo simulation algorithm and Phy-X software. The results showed an increase in the content of CuO in BLNCASCu-X glasses from 0 to 1 wt. % had a beneficial impact on their radiation characteristics. The linear attenuation (μ) exhibited an ascending trend in the following order: BLNCASCu-0 < BLNCASCu-0.25 < BLNCASCu-0.75 < BLNCASCu-1. The fast neutron removal cross-section values, denoted as ΣR, were determined and demonstrated a consistent rise with increasing part densities of copper and oxygen in the BLNCASCu-X glass systems. It is generally believed that in nuclear applications, the absorption of neutrons and photons is enhanced when CuO is added to B2O3-Li2O-Na2O-CaO-SrO-As2O3 glasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]