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Introduction: This study aimed to compare the efficiency of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) and fixed functional appliances (FFAs) for mandibular molar protraction. Methods: Orthodontic records of 1050 consecutively treated patients with molar protraction were screened. Thirty‐six records (22 females and 14 males; mean age, 17.4 years) were divided into two groups: TAD (21 subjects with 25 edentulous spaces) and FFA (15 subjects with 24 edentulous spaces). The primary outcome measure was the efficiency of protraction [magnitude and time required for protraction (rate) and anchor loss (AL)]. The secondary outcomes involved measuring the type of tooth movement (TOTM), external apical root resorption (EARR), alveolar bone height change (ABHC), alveolar bone width change (ABWC) and appliance failure. Results: The rate of tooth movement was significantly higher for FFAs (0.83 ± 0.35 mm/month) versus TADs (0.49 ± 0.2 mm/month) (P =.005). Total treatment duration was less for FFAs (34.78 ± 8.1 months) versus TADs (47.72 ± 13.94 months) (P =.002). TOTM was similar for both (P =.909). EARR was 1.42 ± 1.38 mm for TAD and 1.25 ± 0.88 mm for FFA (P =.81). ABHC increased in the FFA group (1.01 ± 3.62 mm) and decreased for the TAD group (0.68 ± 1.66 mm). ABWC increased for both TAD (1.81 ± 1.73 mm) and FFA (1.75 ± 1.35 mm). The failure rate was 50% for FFAs and 33% for TADs. Conclusions: Both systems provided translation of lower molars with comparable anchorage control. However, FFAs were more efficient than TADs for lower molar protraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted during August, 2023 to March, 2024 at Veterinary Clinical Complex in department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (PGIVER) Jaipur to study the gestational age during pregnancy in different breeds (Canis familiaris) by using various ultrasonographic parameters such as Gestational Sac Diameter (GSD), Head Diameter (HD), Crown Rump Length (CRL) and Body Diameter (BD) and to also study the expected and actual whelping date in different breeds (Canis familiaris). Using ultrasound, 30 bitches' pregnancy diagnoses were determined. The bitches were examined during different phases. 11 pregnant bitches were examined during first phase 20 to 30 days' post mating, 6 pregnant bitches were examined during second phase 30 to 45 days' post mating and 13 pregnant bitches were examined in third phase 45 to 60 days' post mating. During first phase Gestational sac diameter was measured, during second phase Crown rump length was measured and during third phase Head diameter and Body diameter were measured. During first phase the mean (±SE) gestational sac diameter was 1.23±0.12 cm. The calculated gestational age by using formula I was found to be 27.4±0.74 days. The difference between expected and actual whelping date during this phase mean (±SE) was -2.36±0.20 days. During the second phase the mean (±SE) CRL measurement was 2.99±0.28 cm. The calculated gestational age by using formula II mean (±SE) found to be 35.96±0.85 days. The difference between expected and actual whelping date during this phase mean (±SE) was -1.5±0.62 days. During the third phase the mean (±SE) BPD was 2.04±0.08 cm and BD was 3.37±0.14 cm. The calculated gestational age by formula III mean (±SE) was 50.57±1.33 days, by formula IV mean (±SE) was 52.59±1.01 days and by formula V mean (±SE) was 52.34±0.88 days. The difference between expected and actual whelping date mean (±SE) was -1.85±0.52 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a coconut water-based extender on the quality parameters of dog semen (n=24 ejaculates) during refrigeration (4°C) preservation up to 72 h. Four ejaculates per dog were collected from 6 dogs by digital manipulation. All fresh ejaculates were evaluated for macroscopic and microscopic semen evaluation tests. The semen samples were then extended in a coconut water-based extender using a split sample technique. The diluted semen was kept in a refrigerator for preservation at 4°C and evaluated at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h for sperm quality parameters. The sperm motility significantly reduced over a period of time from 0 to 72 h. The live sperm percentage did not differ significantly at 0, 24 and 48 h of preservation. However, there was a significant drop in live sperm percentage at 72 h. The percent sperm abnormalities were significantly increased from 24, 48 to 72 h of preservation. In coconut water-based extender there was a significant difference in intact plasma membrane percentage at different time slots (0, 24, 48 and 72 h). It was concluded that coconut water-based extender can preserve canine sperm for up to 48 h while maintaining sperm motility and viability above 50%. Sperm abnormalities remained within 20% and plasma membrane integrity above 60% both were maintained up to 72 h of semen preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the world of technology, tools and gadgets, a huge amount of data is produced every second in applications ranging from medical science, education, business, agriculture, economics, retail and telecom. Higher education institutes play an important role in the overall development of any nation. For the successful operation of these institutions, continuous monitoring for improving the quality of education and students is required, which is the subject of this article. A huge amount of data that education systems produce increases every year and it is difficult by traditional techniques to manage, predict and analyze this data. This challenge can be addressed through mining large amount of data. It enables the institutions to use their present reporting trends to unmask hidden patterns and identify data relationships. Through this, institutions easily predict which students are likely to dropout, and their performance. Present paper conducts a detailed and exhaustive study on techniques and approaches implemented in education mining for predicting dropouts.

Background: Nearly 10% of all dermatological disorders and conditions are attributed to the disorders of the nails. Onychoscopy is beneficial in the diagnosis of nail conditions as well as for assessment of the progression, severity, and monitoring of the response to the therapy. Aim: The present study aimed to assess the dermoscopic and sociodemographic features in subjects with nail disorders and Onychoscopy of nail lesions in subjects with dermatological disorders. Methods: The present study assessed 88 subjects with nail disorders from both genders. There were 56.81% (n=50) males and 43.18% (n=38) females in the study. In all included subjects, dermoscopic and sociodemographic features were assessed. The data gathered were analyzed for results formulation. Results: The study results showed that fingernails were more commonly affected in 37.5% (n=33) subjects compared to toenails in 84.09% (n=74) subjects. The most common nail condition was Onychomycosis seen in 32.9% (n=29) subjects that showed findings of onycholysis with spikes and jagged edges in 68.9% (n=20), subungual hyperkeratosis in 72.41% (n=21) subjects, and 75.86% (n=22) subjects respectively. The next common condition was nail psoriasis seen in 18.1% (n=16) of study subjects depicting dilated globose nail fold vessels on capillaroscopy, and onycholysis. Conclusions: The present study concludes that onychoscopy can decrease the need for biopsy which is an invasive procedure by focusing on subtle changes and helps in excluding the differential diagnosis. Also, onychoscopy is a diagnostic choice in young children. The present study helped to assess connective tissue disorder severity and can help in diagnosing the benign nature of melanonychia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last several decades, there has been significant growth in research and development activities in nanomaterials. Nanotech has been used to improve the quality of several materials, including wood and polymer composites, for their application in various fields. Nanofillers, including metal particles, nano oxides, pyrogenic silica, and carbon black, have been employed as polymer additives. However, the value of natural, low-cost, and plentiful clay materials such as nanoclay becomes more apparent as environmental regulations and consumer awareness become more rigorous. This literature outlines the role of nanoclay on polymer composites, especially in the case of thermosetting resins, including epoxy, polyester, urea-formaldehyde, and phenol-formaldehyde resins. The current article is intended to provide a comprehensive source of recent studies and literature on nanoclay as filler, its classification, polymer modification processes using nanoclay, and comparing the performance of different thermosetting polymers based on their fabrication methods through physical and mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: External apical root resorption (EARR) is an unfavorable side effect of orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic treatment of patients with increased crowding could lead to the proclination of incisors and proximity of roots to the cortical plates. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the proximity of the labial and lingual cortical plates and the inclination of incisors on EARR. Settings and Design: Twenty-six patients (age: 13.39 years) with nonextraction fixed orthodontic treatment were evaluated at pretreatment and posttreatment (52 cone-beam computed tomographies). Materials and Methods: The maxillary and mandibular incisors (416 teeth) were evaluated for the pretreatment predictors such as the labial and palatal (lingual) cortical plate thickness, width of the mandibular symphysis/maxillary alveolus and cancellous bone, position of the root apex in cancellous/cortical bone, and treatment factors such as distance of root to the labial and palatal (lingual) outer and inner cortical plate and incisor inclination. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analyses were performed with R software at a 0.05 significance level. Each parameter was compared between pretreatment and posttreatment by a paired t-test, and the association to root resorption was performed using a regression model. Results: Clinically significant (>1 mm) root resorption was observed in 35% of all mandibular incisors and 52% of all maxillary incisors. Width of cancellous bone, position of the root apex in cortical bone, proximity of the root apex to the labial and palatal (lingual) outer cortical plate, lingual inner cortical plate, and proclination of incisors were significant factors associated with EARR. Conclusions: Proximity to the cortical plates and proclination of incisors are associated with increased EARR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper was to assess the outcome of bone graft material at alveolar bone augmentation sites combined with dental implants in postmenopausal women with compromised bone health by evaluating cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scans at multiple time points.CBCT scans were analyzed on 55 postmenopausal women with compromised bone health status to determine the fate of alveolar bone augmentation. CBCT scans were taken immediately after surgery and 9 and 24 months postoperatively. The patient's medication regimens and durations were recorded, and the pixel intensity value (PIV) was measured and standardized using scoring criteria and visual assessment. Statistical analyses included 2-sample t tests for continuous variables and Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables.Among the normal patients, 73% received a grade 2 visual score, and 27% received a grade 1 visual score. After 24 months, 45% of patients received a grade 2 score, and 27% received a grade 3 score. In the osteoporotic group receiving medication, 77% of participants received a grade 1 visual score at the 9-month postoperative evaluation, while 23% received a grade 2 score. At the 24-month assessment, 55% of patients received a grade 1 score, 41% received a grade 2 score, and only 5% received a grade 3 score. Notably, although the graft material did not remodel into native bone, it was a scaffold for implants in controlled osteoporotic patients. The study's results show that the pixel intensity values of particulate graft materials are similar across the three different time points, suggesting that the graft material's pixel intensity value remains constant in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The study's limitations include a small sample size and a restricted 24-month follow-up period. This limited time frame may need to capture long-term changes or variations in graft materials adequately. Future research should include a larger sample size and have a longer follow-up duration to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the change in graft materials between patients with normal and compromised bone health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]