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Skin cancers continue to present unresolved challenges, particularly regarding the association with sex hormones, which remains a topic of controversy. A systematic review is currently warranted to address these issues. To analyze if sex hormones result in a higher incidence of skin cancers (cutaneous melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma). Data sources and study selection—The database of PubMed, Embase and Web of Science (WOS) was searched until July 3, 2024. The search yielded 1016 articles. 42 eligible studies were identified for meta-analysis. Data extraction and synthesis—Eligible trials reported skin cancer data and outcomes, confirming diagnoses and collecting hormone use information. Other extracted data included study methods, demographics, and reproductive factor. Relative risk (RR) and odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), were synthesized after adjusting. The primary outcome was the incidence of cutaneous melanoma and non-cutaneous melanoma. 95% CI and OR are estimate effects. Participants using oral contraceptives (OCs) showed a higher incidence of cutaneous melanoma (CM) [OR 1.08, 95%CI 1.03–1.13, p < 0.01]. There is positively related statistic difference in Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) [OR 1.37, 95%CI 1.15–1.63, p < 0.01]. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was associated with a higher incidence of CM [OR 1.18, 95%CI 1.13–1.24, p < 0.01]. And for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), HRT also increased the incidence [OR 1.13, 95%CI 1.03–1.24, p = 0.01]. Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) also showed an increased incidence of CM [OR 1.09, 95%CI 1.00–1.18, p < 0.05]. For age at first birth, > 30 years demonstrated a positive correlation with increased the incidence of CM [OR 1.21, 95%CI 1.00–1.46, p = 0.05]. OCs and HRT were associated with increased risks of skin cancers. MHT elevated the risk of CM. In women whose menopause age was older than 50 years, endogenous sex hormones decreased gradually, which caused higher risks of skin cancers. First birth aged older than 30 years indicated increasing effects of skin cancers. Trial registration number : CRD42024517445 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stress response following burns may be a crucial factor in keloid formation, yet the underlying pathological mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This study initially investigated how heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) within the heat shock pathway influence keloid fibrosis, providing insights into the role of the heat shock response in keloid development. This study aims to further elucidate the role of the heat shock pathway in keloid fibrosis and investigate the specific function of HSF1 within this pathway. This study focused on human keloid fibroblasts, examining the expression and regulatory role of HSF1 on HSPs under heat stress using immunohistochemistry, RNA interference, real-time fluorescent PCR, and Western blotting techniques. HSF1 was overexpressed in keloid fibroblasts and tissues compared to normal skin, and heat stress could further enhance HSF1 expression in both keloid tissues and fibroblasts. Functional inhibition of HSF1 significantly affected the expression of downstream HSPs in keloid fibroblasts, ultimately leading to the inhibition of keloid fibrosis. The heat shock pathway plays a crucial role in keloid fibrosis, with HSF1 as a key regulator influencing the expression of HSPs. Heat stress treatment of keloid fibroblasts offers an approach for investigating keloid formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) in combination with risperidone tablets and psychotherapy in the treatment of patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Methods: Patients with TRS admitted to the psychiatric department of our hospital between January 2018 and December 2019 were selected as study participants. They were randomly divided into a control group and a study group, with the control group receiving risperidone tablets and psychotherapy, and the study group undergoing MECT as well as the control group treatment. The mood scores, efficacy, and side effects of the 2 groups were compared. Results: After treatment, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (t = 2.316, P = .021) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (t = 2.919, P = .013) scores of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The overall remission rate in the study group was 96.3%, which was higher than that of the control group (2 = 9.319, P = .007). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (t = 8.126, P = .003), Traumatic Exposure Severity Scale (t = 13.210, P = .002), and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (t = 6.412, P = .001) scores were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group. The Wechsler Memory Scale score was higher in the study group than in the control group (t = 3.971, P = .002). Conclusion: The use of MECT in combination with risperidone tablets and psychotherapy can effectively improve patient mood, increase efficacy, reduce adverse effects, promote memory recovery, and shorten recovery time in patients with TRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an economically damaging fungal pathogen that causes Sclerotinia stem rot in leguines, producing enormous yield losses. This pathogen is difficult to control due to its wide host spectrum and ability to produce sclerotia. which are resistant bodies that can remain active for long periods under harsh environmental conditions. Here, the biocontrol methods for the management of S. sclerotiorum in legumes are reviewed. Baciltus strains, which synthesized lipopeptides and volatile organic compounds, showed high efficacies in soybean plants, whereas the highest efficacies for the control of the pathogen in alfalfa and common bean were observed when using Coniothyrium minitans and Streptomyces spp., respectively. The biocontrol efficacies in fields were under 65%, highlighting the lack of strategies to achieve a complete control. Overall, although most studies involved extensive sci·eenings using different biocontrol agent concentrations and application conditions, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the specific anti fungal mechanisms, which limits the optimization of the reported methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lamellar calcite veins are prevalent in carbonate-rich, lacustrine dark shale. The formation mechanisms of these veins have been extensively debated, focusing on factors such as timing, depth, material source, and driving forces. This paper examines dark lacustrine shale lamellar calcite veins in the Paleogene strata of Dongying Depression, using various analytical techniques: petrography, isotope geochemistry, cathodoluminescence, inclusion thermometry, and electron probe micro-analysis. Two distinct types of calcite veins have been identified: granular calcite veins and sparry calcite veins. These two types differ significantly in color, grain structure, morphology, and inclusions. Through further investigation, it was observed that vein generation occurred from the shallow burial period to the maturation of organic matter, with a transition from granular calcite veins to sparry calcite veins. The granular calcite veins exhibit characteristics associated with the shallow burial period, including plastically deformed laminae and veins, the development of strawberry pyrite, the absence of oil and gas, weak fractionation in oxygen isotopes, and their contact relationship with sparry calcite veins. These granular calcite veins were likely influenced by the reduction of sulfate bacteria. On the other hand, sparry calcite veins with fibrous grains are antitaxial and closely linked to the evolution and maturation of organic matter. They contain oil and gas inclusions and show a distribution range of homogenization temperature between 90 °C and 120 °C and strong fractionation in oxygen isotopes, indicating formation during the hydrocarbon expulsion period. The carbon isotope analysis of the surrounding rocks and veins suggests that the material for vein formation originates from the shale itself, specifically authigenic micritic calcite modified by the action of methanogens. The opening of horizontal fractures and vein formation is likely driven by fluid overpressure resulting from undercompaction and hydrocarbon expulsion. Veins may form rapidly or through multi-stage composite processes. Early veins are predominantly formed in situ, while late veins are a result of continuous fluid migration and convergence. Furthermore, the veins continue to undergo modification even after formation. This study emphasizes that the formation of lamellar calcite veins in shale is a complex diagenetic process influenced by multiple factors: biology, organic matter, and inorganic processes, all operating at various stages throughout the shale's diagenetic history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: On‐site sample preparation has the advantage of combining sampling and sample preparation into a single step, thereby minimising sources of error, and eliminating the risk of analyte instability. Bubble‐driven solid‐phase microextraction (BD‐SPME) was first proposed as an on‐site pretreatment method. Oyster sauce underwent on‐site pretreatment to measure potassium sorbate levels via high‐performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC‐DAD), obviating the need for stirrers. The high sensitivity of the HPLC determination of potassium sorbate was obtained using BD‐SPME pretreatment with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.03 mg L−1 and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.10 mg L−1. The refined technique displayed remarkable linearity from 0.10 to 30.00 mg L−1, boasting a coefficient of determination R2 ≥ 0.998. In addition, the recoveries of potassium sorbate in oyster sauce using the method were in the range of 90.8–101.4%. Evidently, BD‐SPME in combination with HPLC‐DAD is a sensitive and promising analysis for on‐site pretreatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silane coupling agent can not only improve the water resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating, but also improve the compatibility between the filler and the matrix resin. Water-borne damping coatings were prepared by introducing hexyltrimethoxysilane (HTMS) into a homemade dangling chain water-borne polyurethane-acrylic resin (DC-500-WPUA) system and adding sericite, thickener, and defoamer. The effects of silane coupling agent on coating properties were studied by changing the amount of HTMS added. Rheological analysis shows that the coating is pseudoplastic fluid. The introduction of HTMS can effectively improve the yield value of the coating, and the maximum yield value is 5.67 Pa, indicating that the coating has excellent resistance to current hanging. The introduction of HTMS increased the interaction between sericite and base resin, thus improving the heat resistance, adhesion, pencil hardness, and acid and alkali resistance of the film. The effective damping temperature range of sample 4 is as high as 125.88 °C (-31.21~94.67 °C), and the surface water contact angle is up to 122°, indicating that the film has excellent damping properties and water resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]