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Argillaceous limestone (AL) is comprised of carbonate minerals and clay minerals and is widely distributed throughout the Earth’s crust. However, owing to its low surface area and poorly active sites, AL has been largely neglected. Herein, manganic manganous oxide (Mn3O4) was used to modify AL by an in-situ deposition strategy through manganese chloride and alkali stepwise treatment to improve the surface area of AL and enable its utilization as an efficient adsorbent for heavy metals removal. The surface area and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were enhanced from 3.49 to 24.5 m2/g and 5.87 to 31.5 cmoL(+)/kg with modification, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities of lead (Pb2+), copper (Cu2+), and nickel (Ni2+) ions on Mn3O4-modified argillaceous limestone (Mn3O4–AL) in mono-metal systems were 148.73, 41.30, and 60.87 mg/g, respectively. In addition, the adsorption selectivity in multi-metal systems was Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Ni2+ in order. The adsorption process conforms to the pseudo-second-order model. In the multi-metal system, the adsorption reaches equilibrium at about 360 min. The adsorption mechanisms may involve ion exchange, precipitation, electrostatic interaction, and complexation by hydroxyl groups. These results demonstrate that Mn3O4 modification realized argillaceous limestone resourcization as an ideal adsorbent. Mn3O4-modified argillaceous limestone was promising for heavy metal-polluted water and soil treatment.

In order to further reduce the number of particles in the overflow port of a cyclone clarifier, a cone-plate structure with an equiproportionally varying cone-plate radius is proposed. This includes two structures, namely, an equal–proportional gradually shrinking cone-plate radius and an equal–proportional gradually expanding cone-plate radius. In this paper, numerical simulation is used to comparatively study the flow field characteristics and particle separation inside the traditional equal radius, the gradually shrinking radius, and the gradually expanding radius cone-plate cyclone clarifier. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional equal radius cone-plate structure, the gradual shrinking of the cone-plate structure, due to the bottom of the cone-plate radius being small, can better give full play to the cone-plate settling capacity. The gradually expanding cone-plate cyclone clarifier, due to the bottom of the cone-plate radius being large, results in more fine particles entering the overflow pipe and being discharged from the overflow port. Compared with the traditional cone-plate cyclone clarifier, the gradually shrinking cone-plate cyclone clarifier has a significant increase in the removal efficiency of particles of different sizes than the traditional cyclone clarifier overflow port. The removal efficiency of all particles at the overflow of the gradually shrinking cyclone clarifier was increased by 10.32% compared to the conventional cone-plate cyclone clarifier.

Herbal organic compounds (HOCs) are bioactive natural products from medicinal plants and some traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Recently, ingestion of a few HOCs with low bioavailability has been associated with alterations in gut microbiota, but the extent of this phenomenon remains unclear. Here, we systematically screened 481 HOCs against 47 representative gut bacterial strains in vitro and found that almost one-third of the HOCs exhibited unique anticommensal activity. Quinones showed a potent anticommensal activity, while saturated fatty acids exhibited stronger inhibition of the Lactobacillus genus. Flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids and phenols displayed weaker anticommensal activity, but steroids, saccharides and glycosides had hardly any effect on strain growth. Notably, S-configuration HOCs demonstrated stronger anticommensal activity than R-configuration HOCs. The strict screening conditions ensured high accuracy (95%) through benchmarking validation. Additionally, the effects of HOCs on human fecal microbiota profiling were positively correlated with their anticommensal activity against bacterial strains. Molecular and chemical features such as AATS3i and XLogP3 were correlated with the anticommensal activity of the HOCs in the random forest classifier. Finally, we validated that curcumin, a polyhydric phenol with anticommensal activity, improved insulin resistance in HFD mice by modulating the composition and metabolic function of gut microbiota. Our results systematically mapped the profile of HOCs directly affecting human gut bacterial strains, offering a resource for future research on HOC-microbiota interaction, and broadening our understanding of natural product utilization through gut microbiota modulation.

ObjectiveThe propulsion shafting system is an important part of a ship, and the bearing load directly affects its operating state and service life. In this paper, bearing load under hull deformation is studied using grey system theory. Method First, according to the empirical formula of the relative displacement of each bearing caused by the deformation of the hull of a 57 000 DWT oil tanker, the relative displacement of each bearing is calculated and input into a finite element model, and the load value of each bearing is output. On this basis, grey relationship analysis of grey system theory is introduced to study the influence degree of stern bearing displacement on the load of each bearing, and the relative change of the load of each bearing caused by the displacement of the stern bearings is analyzed. A GM (1,1) prediction model is then established for the bearing load considering the bearing displacement conditions, and the hull deformation-fitting and prediction of each bearing load are made. ResultsThe results show that grey relationship analysis can effectively reflect the influence of hull deformation on bearing load. The GM (1,1) prediction model has high accuracy and prediction errors less than 6.0%, and the model test indexes can represent the accuracy of the prediction. ConclusionGrey system theory is effective and practical in research on propulsion shaft load. It can accurately predict bearing load under bearing displacement, giving it certain reference value for research on bearing load under actual sailing conditions.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) might pose health risks, and processing and storage could accelerate the generation of AGEs in meat. However, limited few reports indicated the changes of AGEs contents in meat during storage. In this study, the aim is to investigate the oxidation and precursors and their roles in the formation of Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) in raw and cooked chicken meat after post-mortem ageing and storage. As post-mortem ageing and storage time increased, the CML content in cooked chicken breast significantly increased from 1.81 mg/kg to 2.00 mg/kg during 0−6 h, and then decreased from 2.00 mg/kg to 1.80 mg/kg during 6 h−1 day, finally increased again during 1−7 days, while the CML contents of raw and cooked leg significantly and continuously increased from 1.78 mg/kg to 2.08 mg/kg. Furthermore, CML was extremely positively correlated with fat oxidation (R2 = 0.793, P < 0.01), protein oxidation (R2 = 0.917, P < 0.01) and glyoxal (R2 = 0.678, P < 0.05), and was negatively correlated with lysine (R2 = 0.536, P < 0.05). No significant correlation was observed between the Schiff base and CML.

The phase separation behaviour of non-structure protein nsp8 of SARS CoV2 in the primer synthesis mechanism is presented, underpinning the replication of coronavirus.

This paper develops a model that only requires two sets of small-size rock specimens with the ratio of the structural geometry parameter maximum to minimum ae,max:ae,min ≥ 3:1 to determine the rock fracture and strength parameters without size effect and predict the actual structural performance of rock. Regardless of three-point-bending, four-point-bending, or a combination of the above two specimen types, fracture toughness KIC and tensile strength ft of rock were determined using only two sets of specimens with ae,max:ae,min ≥ 3:1. The values KIC and ft were consistent with those determined using multiple sets of specimens. The full structural failure curve constructed by two sets of small-size specimens with ae,max:ae,min ≥ 3:1 can accurately predict large-size specimens fracture failure, and ±10% upper and lower limits of the curve can encompass the test results of large-size specimens. The peak load prediction curve was constructed by two sets of specimens with ae,max:ae,min ≥ 3:1, and ±15% upper and lower limits of the peak load prediction curve can cover the small-size specimen tests data. The model and method proposed in this paper require only two sets of small-size specimens, and their selection is unaffected by the specimen type, geometry, and initial crack length.

Contemporary fire dynamics is one of the most complex and least understood land surface phenomena. Global fire controls related to climate, vegetation, and anthropogenic activity are usually intertwined, and difficult to disentangle in a quantitative way. Here, we leveraged an ensemble of five machine learning (ML) models and multiple satellite-based observations to conduct global fire modeling for three fire metrics (burned area, fire number, and fire size), and quantified driving mechanisms underlying annual fire changes in a spatially resolved manner for the period 2003–2019. Ensemble learning is a meta-approach that combines multiple ML predictions to improve accuracy, robustness, and generalization performance. We found that the optimized ensemble ML well reproduced annual dynamics of global burned area (R2 = 0.90, P

BackgroundThe high rates of obesity and suicide have become serious public health problems worldwide, especially in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). This research aimed to explore the rates of underweight, overweight or obesity, suicidal ideation and attempted suicide in hospitalized children and adolescents with MDD. Then, we analyzed the correlation between underweight or obesity and suicidal ideation and attempted suicide, and finally obtained the independent influencing factors of underweight or obesity.MethodsA total of 757 subjects in the Third People’s Hospital of Fuyang from January 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled in this study. According to the underweight, overweight and obesity screening table for school-age children and adolescents published and implemented by the health industry standard of China, all subjects were divided into different body mass index (BMI) categories. We measured fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid levels in all subjects and assessed suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, and the severity of depressive symptoms. The socio-demographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed by SPSS 22.0.ResultsThe rates of underweight, overweight, obesity, suicidal ideation and attempted suicide were 8.2% (62/757), 15.5% (117/757), 10.4% (79/757), 17.2% (130/757), and 9.9% (75/757), respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that BMIs level was positively correlated with age, age of first hospitalization, total duration of disease, number of hospitalizations, FBG, TG (triglyceride), TC (total cholesterol), LDL (low density lipoprotein), and negatively correlated with HDL (high density lipoprotein). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that male and high level of HDL were risk factors for MDD inpatients with underweight, while high level of TG was a protective factor. Meanwhile, higher levels of FBG, TG and CGI-S were risk factors and suicidal ideation and high dose of antidepressant drugs were protective factors for obesity in children and adolescents with MDD.ConclusionThe prevalence of underweight, obesity, suicidal ideation and attempted suicide were high in children and adolescents with MDD, and severe depressive symptoms are independent risk factors for obesity, while suicidal ideation and high dose of antidepressants may be protective factors for obesity.

PFOA-functionalized Al Metastable Intermolecular Composites (MICs) refer to the system using aluminum nanoparticles as fuel and PFOA as oxidant. Aluminum is the most widely used metal fuel in energetic materials. Al NPs are widely used because they are relatively cheap, easily accessible, nontoxic, excellent in thermodynamic performance. Fluorine has higher density and stronger oxidation capacity than oxygen element. PFOA has a high fluorine content (68.8%). PFOA-functionalized Al MICs mixed the high calorific value of aluminum and oxidizing fluorine in nano-sized. In this paper, PFOA-functionalized Al MICs with different PIR interface fuel-oxidizer ratios were prepared by electrostatic spray. The microstructure of the MICs was characterized by TEM. PFOA is uniformly coated on the Al NPs. The composition of MIC system was analyzed by FTIR and XRD. The combustion performance of MICs was tested by laser ignition, and the decomposition mechanism of PFOA-functionalized Al MICs was studied by DSC-TG. Results show that the exothermic process and activation energy of MICs are affected by the Preignition reactions (PIR) interface fuel-oxidizer ratios. The ignition and combustion processes of MICs and pressurization rate increase with the increase of oxidizer, and the burning rate decreases with the increase of oxidizer.

AimsAbnormal vessel patterns are specific signs in patients with early cervical abnormality and cervical cancer(CC) by colposcopy, but the impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections on abnormal vessel patterns remains unknown.MethodsA total of 6716 female patients with HPV infections or cytological abnormalities who underwent a colposcopy following abnormal CC screening results were included in the study. The final pathological diagnosis was confirmed to be the most severe pathological grade across cervical biopsy, endocervical canal curettage (ECC) and conization. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between HPV infections and abnormal vessel patterns, adjusting for age, gravidity and parity.ResultsThere were 6124 normal vascular cases by colposcopy and 592 cases with cervical vascular abnormality. The prevalence of HPV infections was 4284 (70%) in normal patients, and the prevalence of HPV infections was 479 (80%) in cervical vascular abnormality patients. HPV high-risk type 16 infection alone increased the risk of cervical heteromorphic blood vessels (aOR=3.66, 95%CI: 2.54~5.27). HPV 16 and 33 alone (other than the commonly recognized subtype of 18) or coinfection of these two genotypes could increase the risk of cervical punctate vascular and cervical vascular mosaic features and abnormal cervical blood vessels. An increased risk of abnormal cervical lesions was observed for HPV 16 and 33 alone or combined in coinfection compared to the negative group. The risk of cervical vascular abnormality was increased 10-fold by coinfection with HPV 16 and 33 (aOR=10.67, 95% CI: 4.54~25.09, P

The occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) derivatives in the environment is of growing concern because they exhibit higher toxicity than their parent PAHs. This study evaluated the large-scale occurrence and spatiotemporal distribution of 16 PAHs and 14 oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) in urban agricultural soils from seven districts of Guangzhou City, China. Linear correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between PAH and OPAH occurrence and a series of parameters. The compositional analysis, principal component analysis, diagnostic ratios, and principal component analysis coupled with a multiple linear regression model were used to identify the sources of PAHs and OPAHs in the soils. The average concentrations of ΣPAHs and ΣOPAHs (59.6 ± 31.1–213 ± 115.5 μg/kg) during the flood season were significantly higher than those during the dry season (42.1 ± 13.3–157.2 ± 98.2 μg/kg), which were due to relatively strong wet deposition during the flood season and weak secondary reactions during the dry season. Linear correlation analysis showed that soil properties, industrial activities, and agricultural activities (r = 0.27–0.96, p

The transportation of seawater on a grand scale via an ultra-large cold-water pipe situated within the context of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) floating installations inherently presents challenges associated with instability and potential malfunction in the face of demanding operational circumstances. This study endeavors to augment the stability and security of cold-water pipe (CWP) operations by scrutinizing their vibrational attributes across diverse boundary configurations. Initially, we invoke Euler–Bernoulli beam theory to forge the analytical framework and proffer a semi-analytical resolution by utilizing the generalized integral transform technique (GITT). Subsequently, we authenticate the convergence and precision of our proposed approach through comparative analysis with extant theories. Our findings underscore the conspicuous influence of boundary conditions on the convergence of transverse displacement. The influence of internal flow on the transverse displacement and the natural frequency manifests substantial variability under different boundary conditions. Significantly, an escalation in the internal flow velocity triggers a concomitant reduction in the natural frequency, ultimately culminating in instability once the critical velocity threshold is reached. Additionally, the reliance of the transverse displacement and the natural frequency on the clump weight at the bottom is markedly pronounced. Our discoveries propose that pipe stability can be ameliorated by adjusting the clump weight at the bottom. Furthermore, the novel insights obtained through our proposed approach can significantly aid in the early-stage design and analysis of CWP.

In recent years, significant advancements in the field of advanced materials and hydrogel engineering have enabled the design and fabrication of smart hydrogels and nanogels that exhibit sensitivity to specific signals or pathological conditions, leading to a wide range of applications in drug delivery and disease treatment. This comprehensive review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the stimuli-responsive principles exhibited by smart hydrogels in response to various triggers, such as pH levels, temperature fluctuations, light exposure, redox conditions, or the presence of specific biomolecules. The functionality and performance characteristics of these hydrogels are highly influenced by both their constituent components and fabrication processes. Key design principles, their applications in disease treatments, challenges, and future prospects were also discussed. Overall, this review aims to contribute to the current understanding of gel-based drug delivery systems and stimulate further research in this rapidly evolving field.

Abstract Model algorithms were used in constructing the risk coefficient model of necroptosis-related long non-coding RNA in identifying novel potential biomarkers in the prediction of the sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents and prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Clinic and transcriptomic data of LUAD were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Differently expressed necroptosis-related long non-coding RNAs got identified by performing both the univariate and co-expression Cox regression analyses. Subsequently, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator technique was adopted in constructing the nrlncRNA model. We made a comparison of the areas under the curve, did the count of the values of Akaike information criterion of 1-year, 2-year, as well as 3-year receiver operating characteristic curves, after which the cut-off value was determined for the construction of an optimal model to be used in identifying high risk and low risk patients. Genes, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, clinical correlation analysis, and chemotherapeutic agents data of both the high-risk and low-risk subgroups were also performed. We identified 26 DEnrlncRNA pairs, which were involved in the Cox regression model constructed. The curve areas under survival periods of 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years of patients with LUAD were 0.834, 0.790, and 0.821, respectively. The cut-off value set was 2.031, which was used in the identification of either the high-risk or low-risk patients. Poor outcomes were observed in patients belonging to the high-risk group. The risk score was the independent predictor of the LUAD outcome (p

Abstract Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a central role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Irisin has been reported to have protective properties in ischemia disease. In this study, we aimed at investigating whether irisin could alleviate myocardial I/R injury by ER stress attenuation. The in vitro model of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) was established, which resembles I/R in vivo. Cell viability and apoptosis were estimated. Expressions of cleaved caspase-3, cytochrome c, GRP78, pAMPK, CHOP, and eIF2α were assessed by western blot. Our results revealed that pre-treatment with irisin significantly decreased cytochrome c release from mitochondria and caspase-3 activation caused by H/R. Irsin also reduced apoptosis and increased cell viability. These effects were abolished by AMPK inhibitor compound C pre-treatment. Also, GRP78 and CHOP expressions were up-regulated in the H/R group compared to the control group; however, irisin attenuated their expression. The pAMPK level was significantly decreased compared to the control, and this effect could be partly reversed by metformin pre-treatment. These results suggest that ER stress is associated with cell viability decreasing and cardiomyocytes apoptosis induced by H/R. Irisin could efficiently protect cardiomyocytes from H/R-injury via attenuating ER stress and ER stress-induced apoptosis.

Abstract A crucial component of the musculoskeletal system, the tendon is one of the most commonly injured tissues in the body. In severe cases, the ruptured tendon leads to permanent dysfunction. Although many efforts have been devoted to seeking a safe and efficient treatment for enhancing tendon healing, currently existing treatments have not yet achieved a major clinical improvement. Here, an injectable granular hyaluronic acid (gHA)‐hydrogel is engineered to deliver fibromodulin (FMOD)—a bioactive extracellular matrix (ECM) that enhances tenocyte mobility and optimizes the surrounding ECM assembly for tendon healing. The FMOD‐releasing granular HA (FMOD/gHA)‐hydrogel exhibits unique characteristics that are desired for both patients and health providers, such as permitting a microinvasive application and displaying a burst‐to‐sustained two‐phase release of FMOD, which leads to a prompt FMOD delivery followed by a constant dose‐maintaining period. Importantly, the generated FMOD‐releasing granular HA hydrogel significantly augmented tendon‐healing in a fully‐ruptured rat's Achilles tendon model histologically, mechanically, and functionally. Particularly, the breaking strength of the wounded tendon and the gait performance of treated rats returns to the same normal level as the healthy controls. In summary, a novel effective FMOD/gHA‐hydrogel is developed in response to the urgent demand for promoting tendon healing.

BackgroundPrevious evidence suggested that physical activity had beneficial effects on psychopathological symptoms, insomnia, or depressive symptoms in people with schizophrenia. This study investigated the association between physical activity levels and insomnia and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly hospitalized patients with chronic schizophrenia (CS).Methods179 participants were enrolled. We used the 30-item Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS–30) to assess the psychopathological symptoms. We used the Insomnia Severity Index scale (ISI) and 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) to evaluate insomnia and depressive symptoms. Daily physical activity time less than 30 min, within 30–60 min, and more than 60 min were defined as physical inactivity, moderate physical activity, and vigorous physical activity, respectively. The Chi-square test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Mann–Whitney U-test were applied for categorical, continuous, and non-normal distribution variables, respectively. The Pearson or Spearman’s correlation analyses were utilized to examine the association between physical activity levels, ISI total scores, HAMD total scores, and socio-demographic and clinical variables. Finally, socio-demographic variables with a P-value < 0.05 in the comparison between insomnia/depressive group and non-insomnia/depressive group were considered for inclusion in binary logistic regression analysis to determine the relationship between physical activity levels and insomnia or depressive symptoms.ResultsThe ISI total scores (r = –0.247, P = 0.001) and HAMD total scores (r = –0.312, P < 0.001) were negatively correlated with physical activity levels. Logistic regression analysis revealed that older age, higher depressive factor scores, and lower physical activity level were influential factors of insomnia symptoms in CS patients (P < 0.05). In addition, vigorous physical activity (compared with physical inactivity) and higher negative and depressive factor scores were independently associated with depressive symptoms in CS patients (P < 0.05).ConclusionPhysical activity levels were influential factors in comorbid insomnia and depressive symptoms in CS patients. Given the benefits of physical activity, it should be strengthened as a routine adjunct to clinical treatment or psychiatric care so as to improve the physical and mental health of patients with psychiatric symptoms.

A new study develops a machine learning framework to observationally constrain CMIP6-simulated fire carbon emissions, finding a weaker increase in 21st-century global fires but higher increase in their socioeconomic risks than previously thought.

The tribe Arctiini is a species-rich tribe of the subfamily Arctiinae of the family Erebidae. The genus Olepa Watson, 1980 is distributed in the Oriental and Palearctic Regions and the diversity reaches its peak in south Asia.We herein describe the first record of the genus Olepa from China and re-describe Olepa ricini (Fabricius, 1775), together with illustrations of its adult and male genitalia. Furthermore, based on an analysis of 658-bp COI barcoding sequences, together with morphological studies, we consider that Olepa schleini Witt et al., 2005 syn. n. is a new synonym of O. ricini.

This paper proposes a series of optimized scalable contact-capacitive radio frequency micro- electro-mechanical systems (RF MEMS) switches for millimeter wave applications. Due to the contact-capacitive topology, the ON-state and OFF-state of the switch can be designed separately to obtain smaller $C_{ON}$ and larger $C_{OFF}$ , which results in high capacitance ratio ( $C_{r}$ ). The $C_{ON}$ is defined by capacitance of the contacts, and it is optimized for low insertion loss ( $IL_{ON}$ ). The $C_{OFF}$ is defined by the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor, and it is designed for working band and scalable performance. The measurements of the fabricated devices show acceptable agreements with design and simulation. The optimized switches perform well with $IL_{ON}$ better than 1.5dB and capacitive ratio about 124. The switches follow scaling rules from 20GHz to 110GHz. Linearity (IIP3) of the switches are tested to be higher than 60dBm, and calculated to be higher than 80dBm. Performances of the switch can be further improved and optimized in the future study.

To meet the real-time path planning requirements of intelligent vehicles in dynamic traffic scenarios, a path planning and evaluation method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, based on the B-spline algorithm and four-stage lane-changing theory, an obstacle avoidance path planning algorithm framework is constructed. Then, to obtain the optimal real-time path, a comprehensive real-time path evaluation mechanism that includes path safety, smoothness, and comfort is established. Finally, to verify the proposed approach, co-simulation and real vehicle testing are conducted. In the dynamic obstacle avoidance scenario simulation, the lateral acceleration, yaw angle, yaw rate, and roll angle fluctuation ranges of the ego-vehicle are ±2.39 m/s2, ±13.31°, ±13.26°/s, and ±0.938°, respectively. The results show that the proposed algorithm can generate real-time, available obstacle avoidance paths. And the proposed evaluation mechanism can find the optimal path for the current scenario.

Rosa roxburghii Tratt (RRT) is a kind of excellent fruit, with many healthy functions. RRT fruit dietary interventions have demonstrated a remarkable potential to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the present study, the effects of Lactobacillus paracasei SR10-1 fermented RRT juice (FRRT) on the oxidative stress, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and gut microbiota in T2DM mice induced by high-sugar and high-fat diets and streptozotocin (STZ) were investigated using GC–MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that medium-dose FRRT intervention resulted in significantly decreased levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, BUN, creatinine, and MDA (p < 0.05) and significantly increased levels of HDL-C, GSH-PX, CAT, and SOD of T2DM mice (p < 0.05). The levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and isovaleric acid were significantly increased, by 142.28%, 428.59%, 1968.66%, and 81.04% (p < 0.05), respectively. The relative abundance of Firmicutes, Lachnospiraceae, Verrucomicrobiaceae, Akkermansia, and Allobaculum was significantly increased (p < 0.05), and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Veillonellaceae, Phascolarctobacterium, and Klebsiella was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that Phascolarctobacterium was significantly negatively correlated with weight (p < 0.05), SOD (p < 0.01), CAT (p < 0.05), and T-AOC (p < 0.05). Akkermansia was significantly negatively correlated with weight (p < 0.05). Conclusively, medium-dose FRRT potentially improved T2DM by reversing dyslipidemia, decreasing oxidative stress, increasing SCFAs, and regulating gut microbiota composition. The medium-dose FRRT may serve as a novel T2DM dietary strategy to prevent T2DM.

The successful operation of a large-diameter cold water pipeline installation is crucial for harnessing the potential of ocean thermal energy conversion. However, there is a shortage of research focused on mechanical performance analysis during installation. This study establishes a pipeline response analysis model based on a nonlinear beam theory to elucidate the underlying mechanical behaviour. Employing the method of singular perturbation, the general solution for the exterior region of the pipeline, the solution at the boundary layer, and the valid solution across the entire domain are derived. A comparison with numerical solutions is conducted to validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the theoretical model. Based on the theoretical analysis, the influence of installation depth and pipeline curvature on the pipeline’s shape, tension, curvature, and stress is discussed. The results indicate that increasing the installation depth leads to intensified pipeline bending and significant deformation, reaching a maximum bending moment of 3.92 MN∙m at a distance of 50~100 m from the bottom of the pipeline. The results also show that, as the pipeline’s arc length increases from 0 to 100 m, the bending curvature, Von Mises stress, and bending stress exhibit a trend of initial growth followed by a decline, peaking at 7.45 MPa, and 6.83 Mpa, respectively, while the actual tension and axial tension decrease initially and then increase, reaching −0.17 MN and −0.17 MPa, respectively, at the maximum arc length. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for practical cold-water pipe installation and laying.

Fiber-reinforced composites are an ideal high-performance composite material made from a combination of high-strength continuous fibers and a polymer matrix. Compared to short cut fibers, continuous long strand fibers can improve the mechanical properties of fiber composites more effectively. Herein, continuous aramid fiber-reinforced PLA filaments with fiber centering were prepared by modifying the outlet design of a desktop-grade thermoplastic single-screw melt extruder. Inspired by the cross-laminated structure of a beetle’s mandible fibers, a biomimetic structure composite was printed, which demonstrates a significant influence on the mechanical properties. The G-code printing program was developed, and the microstructure of the fracture surface of the specimen was analyzed. The uniform and orderly arrangement of aramid fibers within the PLA resin-based 3D-printed specimen was found. Consequentially, the bionic composites exhibits a 12% increase in tensile strength and a 5% increase in impact toughness, confirming the feasibility of utilizing continuous 3D printing to manufacture long bundles of aramid fiber composite filaments for enhanced mechanical performances.

Understanding historical wildfire variations and their environmental driving mechanisms is key to predicting and mitigating wildfires. However, current knowledge of climatic responses and regional contributions to the interannual variability (IAV) of global burned area remains limited. Using recent satellite-derived wildfire products and simulations from version v1.0 of the land component of the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM land model [ELM] v1) driven by three different climate forcings, we investigated the burned area IAV and its climatic sensitivity globally and across nine biomes from 1997 to 2018. We found that 1) the ELM simulations generally agreed with the satellite observations in terms of the burned area IAV magnitudes, regional contributions, and covariations with climate factors, confirming the robustness of the ELM to the usage of different climate forcing sources; 2) tropical savannas, tropical forests, and semi-arid grasslands near deserts were primary contributors to the global burned area IAV, collectively accounting for 71.7%–99.7% of the global wildfire IAV estimated by both the satellite observations and ELM simulations; 3) precipitation was a major fire suppressing factor and dominated the global and regional burned area IAVs, and temperature and shortwave solar radiation were mostly positively related with burned area IAVs; and 4) noticeable local discrepancies between the ELM and remote-sensing results occurred in semi-arid grasslands, croplands, boreal forests, and wetlands, likely caused by uncertainties in the current ELM fire scheme and the imperfectly derived satellite observations. Our findings revealed the spatiotemporal diversity of wildfire variations, regional contributions and climatic responses, and provided new metrics for wildfire modeling, facilitating the wildfire prediction and management.

Abstract Background Better protection can be provided during neurosurgery due to the establishment of somatosensory-evoked potential (SEP) and motor-evoked potential (MEP) monitoring technologies. However, some studies have showed that inhaled halogenated anesthetics have a significant impact on neurophysiological monitoring. Methods A total of 40 consecutive patients undergoing neurosurgery were randomly assigned to two groups receiving inhaled anesthetics, either desflurane or sevoflurane. Multiples levels (concentrations of 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9) of anesthetics were administered at minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), and then the latencies and amplitudes of SEPs and MEPs were recorded. Results SEP and MEP signals were well preserved in patients who underwent neurosurgery under general anesthesia supplemented with desflurane or sevoflurane at concentrations of 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 MAC. In each desflurane or sevoflurane group, the amplitudes of SEPs and MEPs decreased and the latencies of SEPs were prolonged significantly as the MAC increased (P

BackgroundCD22 single and CD19/CD22 bispecific targeted chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy are promising immunotherapy modalities for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of CD22 and CD19/CD22 targeted CAR-T cell therapy by summarizing the existing evidence.MethodsElectronic databases including PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were comprehensively searched from inception up to November 30, 2022. Pooled response rates and minimal residual disease (MRD) negative response rates, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) rates and neurotoxicity rates were calculated. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the type of immunotherapy.ResultsTen clinical studies including 194 patients with hematologic malignancies were included after a systematical screening of literature. The pooled complete response (CR) rates of CD22 and CD19/CD22 CAR-T cell therapy for relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) were 0.75 (95% CI: 0.60 - 0.88) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76 - 0.96). The overall MRD negative response rates of CD22 and CD19/CD22 CAR-T were 0.54 (95% CI: 0.42 - 0.66) and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.47 - 0.88). Pooled CRS rates of CD22 targeted and CD19/CD22 targeted immunotherapy were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.82 - 0.98) and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.82 - 1.00), respectively.ConclusionBoth CD22 and CD19/CD22 CAR-T immunotherapy demonstrated favorable efficacy and acceptable adverse events in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Well-designed and large sample-sized clinical trials are warranted.

Abstract According to the statistics of 160 typical fire and explosion accidents in oil storage areas at home and abroad nearly 50 years, 122 of them occurred the secondary accidents in the emergency responses. Based on 122 accident cases, 21 causal factors leading to secondary accidents are summarized. In order to quantify the influencing degree of these causal factors on the accident consequences, a multiple linear regression model was established between them. In the modeling process, these factors are decomposed into the criterion layer, variable layer, and bottom layer. The improved analytic hierarchy process (IAHP) was used to establish the relationship between the bottom factors and variable factors, and the regression analysis method was used to establish the relational model between variable layer and criterion layer. For 122 cases of the secondary accidents, this study took the year as a statistical dimension, and obtained 40 groups of sample data. The first 34 groups of sample data were used to build the causal factors model, and the last 6 groups of sample data were tested the generalization ability of the model by using the established regression model combined with grey prediction model. The results show that the prediction ability of the established model was better than that of the grey prediction model alone. Moreover, the relative contribution and change trend of the causal factors were evaluated using the mutation progression method, and corresponding preventive countermeasures were proposed. It was found that human professional skills, knowledge and literacy, environmental issues, and firefighting facilities are the main influencing factors that lead to the secondary accidents. These three kinds of factors show a gradual improvement trend, and the existing prevention measures should be maintained and further improved. The problem of inherent objects or equipment factors has not been effectively improved and has a worsening trend, which is the focus of prevention in the future, and the prevention and control efforts need to be moderately increased. The research results have important guiding significance for understanding the quantitative influences of causal factors on the accident consequences, improving emergency response capabilities, reducing accident losses, and avoiding secondary accidents.

Abstract Background The off-label use of antipsychotic medications is common in many countries, and the extent of such use in psychiatric inpatients in China has not been sufficiently studied. The purpose of this study was to survey the incidence and examine the correlates of off-label antipsychotic use in a large, nationally–representative sample in China. Methods This study included discharged psychiatric patients between March 19 and 31, 2019 from 41 tertiary psychiatric hospitals across 29 provinces in China. Their socio-demographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed. Results After excluding patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder or bipolar disorder, 981 patients were included in the analysis. Overall, antipsychotics were prescribed to 63.2% (95%CI 60.2–66.2%) of the sample. Antipsychotics were used in a wide spectrum of psychiatric disorders, with the rate being the highest among patients with dissociative (conversion) disorders (89.9, 95%CI 83.0–94.8%), organic mental disorders (81.7, 95%CI 73.1–88.7%), dementia (79.0,95%CI 67.8–87.9%), obsessive-compulsive disorder (77.8, 95%CI 55.7–92.5%), mental disorders due to psychoactive substances (75.3,95%CI 64.7–84.2%), behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence (71.4, 95%CI 45.5–90.1%), somatoform disorders (63.2, 95%CI 40.8%–82..2%), major depression disorder (53.7,95%CI 48.8–58.6%), anxiety disorder (38.8,95%CI 30.5–47.7%), and insomnia (25.0, 95%CI 8.5–28.9%). The top three most commonly used antipsychotics were olanzapine (29.1%), quetiapine (20.3%) and risperidone (6.8%), and their corresponding average doses were 9.04 ± 5.80 mg/day, 185.13 ± 174.72 mg/day, and 2.98 ± 1.71 mg/day, respectively. A binary logistic regression showed that younger age, having the Employee Health Insurance or Residents Health Insurance, having psychotic symptoms and requiring restraint during hospitalization were significantly associated with off-label use of antipsychotics. Conclusion Off-label use of antipsychotics is very common in psychiatric inpatients in China, mainly with moderate-dose use of single agents. However, the efficacy and safety of this practice is uncertain for many diagnoses and for the elderly. Clinicians should be cautious about this practice while waiting for more research data.

It is a central challenge for energy self-supplied underwater vehicles converting the huge ocean thermal energy to electrical energy effectively. However, the energy storage efficiency of ocean thermal energy storage (OTES) unit limits the conversion efficiency. Fins are proposed for OTES unit to improve energy storage efficiency in this paper. Firstly, this paper develops a non-stationary model of solidification heat transfer for OTES unit and uses FLUENT to accomplish its numerical analysis. Then, the influence of radial fin and fractal fin on the solidification behavior of phase change material (PCM) are compared. Finally, several fractal fins with different fractal levels, bifurcation angles and ambient temperature are analyzed for the evolution of the liquid phase rate and temperature distribution of PCM. The results show that fractal fins can reduce the solidification time of PCM by 34.46% compared with radial fins. Furthermore, the solidification rate of PCM can be improved by increasing the number of fractal levels and choosing a proper bifurcation angle. However, the solidification behavior of PCM changes slightly when the fractal level increases to 3. The bifurcation angle of 90° is appropriate for practical applications. Furthermore, keeping the temperature difference above 10K can achieve faster solidification.

PurposeThe intent of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effects of Traditional Chinese Exercise (TCE) on mental health and drug cravings in drug rehabilitees.MethodsSix electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycArticles, and CNKI) were searched to identify the potential literature from inception to March 2022. The controlled studies with a pro-posttest design that investigated the effects of TCE on mental health (depression, anxiety, drug craving, and sleep quality) were included. The effect sizes were calculated using the random-effect models with a 95% confidence interval. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was employed to evaluate study quality.ResultsA total of 10 studies (740 participants, mean age 35 years old) were included in this study. The pooled results showed that TCE produced significant improvements in depression (SMD = 0.65, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.02, p < 0.01), anxiety (SMD = 0.98, 95% CI 0.44 to 1.53, p < 0.01), and drug craving (SMD = 0.87, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.21, p < 0.01) compared to the control group. The subgroup analysis results showed that TCE resulted in significant improvements in depression compared to active intervention (SMD = 0.33, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.60) or passive intervention (SMD = 1.07, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.74). A significant improvement in depression was observed in both male and female drug rehabilitee (p < 0.05). Moreover, Tai Chi (SMD = 0.69, 95% CI 0.19 to 1.18) or Qigong (SMD = 0.49, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.74) exercise, 3–4 times per week (SMD = 1.06, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.74) or ≥5 times (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.66), >45 min (SMD = 0.62, 95% CI 0.09 to 1.15) or ≤ 45 min (SMD = 0.68, 95% CI 0.10 to 1.27), and for a duration of 12 weeks (SMD = 0.84, 95% CI 0.15 to 1.54) produced significant improvement in depression.ConclusionThis current study suggests that TCE (Tai Chi, Qigong) may have benefits in alleviating depression, anxiety, and drug cravings in drug rehabilitees. Further studies are required to verify our results through the implementation of well-designed experimental protocols.

BackgroundPrevious research has revealed that plasma leptin levels were closely related to glycolipid metabolism in schizophrenic patients. Insulin resistance (IR) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were involved in glucolipid metabolism disorders. This study explored the correlation between plasma higher leptin levels, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, hs-CRP and glycolipid metabolism in patients with chronic schizophrenia (CS).Methods322 subjects were enrolled, and the psychopathological symptoms of each patient were assessed by a 30-item Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS−30). Patients' plasma leptin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were determined by oxidase method. Insulin levels were tested by electrochemiluminescence, and hs-CRP levels were tested by immunoturbidimetry. IBM SPSS 22.0 was used for data analysis.ResultsCompared to the lower leptin group, patients in the higher leptin group had significantly higher body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), insulin, HOMA-IR and hs-CRP levels; and lower negative factor scores, cognitive factor scores, and PANSS total scores (P < 0.05). Plasma leptin levels in CS patients were positively correlated with BMI, TC, TG, LDL-C, insulin, HOMA-IR and hs-CRP levels, and were negatively correlated with gender (male = 1, Female = 2), positive factor scores, negative factor scores, cognitive factor scores and PANSS total scores. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that gender, BMI, positive factor scores, PANSS total scores, FBG, LDL-C, insulin, HOMA-IR and hs-CRP levels were independent influencing factors of leptin levels in CS patients (P < 0.05).ConclusionGender, BMI, positive factor scores, PANSS total scores, FBG, LDL-C, insulin, HOMA-IR and hs-CRP levels were independent influencing factors of plasma leptin levels in CS patients. Plasma leptin, HOMA-IR and hs-CRP levels should be measured regularly in CS patients to prevent or treat the disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism comorbidity with schizophrenia patients in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

We found that the typical fluoroquinolone antibiotic enrofloxacin (ENR) and plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are often detected simultaneously and at high frequencies in the environment, but their combined exposure effects on soil animals are poorly understood. Here, oxidative stress, DNA damage and changes in digestibility of the earthworm were investigated to reflect the toxicological effects of single and combined exposure of DEHP and ENR on earthworms (Eisenia fetida). We found that the DEHP treatment group and the combined pollution treatment group showed significantly increased reactive oxygen species content of earthworms at 14 d and 28 d. ENR exposure alone had little effect on the antioxidant enzyme system, while DEHP and combined treatment showed a trend of inhibition and then activation. Addition of both pollutants caused a rise in the lipid peroxidation levels of earthworms. Malonaldehyde (MDA) was mainly scavenged by glutathione sulfur transferase (GST). ENR and DEHP caused more DNA damage to earthworm tissue than their combined pollution under the regulation of GST. Both single and combined pollution inhibited the digestive enzyme activity of earthworms, but the combined pollution had a stronger inhibitory effect. Cellulase, MDA and GST were the three most sensitive indicators on PCA. The toxicity was ENR + DEHP > DEHP > ENR according to the IBR index, and the combined toxicity showed a synergistic effect. The results showed that the combined pollution of phthalate esters and antibiotics in the actual environment was a significant ecological risk that deserves special attention.

The chemical transformation of carbon dioxide (CO2) not only reduces the amount of carbon dioxide emitted into the Earth’s atmosphere by humans, but also produces carbon compounds that can be used as precursors for chemical and fuel production. Herein, a selective catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol is achieved by a bifunctional molybdenum disulfide catalyst (MoS2) with magnesium oxide and nickel and potassium promoters. Molybdenum disulfide prepared by the supercritical ethanol method has a large specific surface area and presents good catalytic performance with high methanol selectivity when loaded with potassium (K) and nickel (Ni) promoters. In addition, the catalysts were evaluated and it was founded that the addition of the K-promoter improved methanol selectivity. This research provides a new strategy for improved product selectivity and space–time yield (STY) of methanol in CO2 hydrogenation.

Wooden breast myopathy (WBM) is a meat abnormality affecting pectoralis majors (PMs) of fast-growing broiler chickens. WBM-affected PMs exhibited varied meat qualities with increasing WBM severity. Normal PMs (NOR), mild WBM-affected PMs (MIL), moderate WBM-affected PMs (MOD), and severe WBM-affected PMs (SEV) were selected as raw materials. The structure and organization of connective tissue and fibrillar collagen were investigated through immersing with sodium hydroxide solution, Masson trichrome staining, and using an electron microscope. The mechanical strength of intramuscular connective tissue was analyzed via the shear force of samples treated with sodium hydroxide solution. The thermal property and secondary structure of connective tissue were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The obtained connective tissue was dissolved in a sodium hydroxide solution for the evaluation of the physicochemical properties of proteins, including particle size, molecular weight, surface hydrophobicity, and intrinsic fluorescence. In particular, the particle size was measured using a zeta potential instrument. The molecular weight was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The surface hydrophobicity and intrinsic fluorescence were measured by spectroscopy technology. Histologically, macrophage infiltration, myodegeneration and necrosis, regeneration, fibrous connective tissue, and thickened perimysial connective tissue were observed in WBM-affected PMs, especially SEV with fibrosis, including blood vessels. Compared with NOR, WBM led to increased average diameter of the collagen fibrils in perimysial (36.61 nm of NOR to 69.73 nm of SEV) and endomysial (34.19 nm of NOR to 56.93 nm of SEV) layers. A significant increase (p < 0.05) was observed in the mechanical strength (2.05 N to 5.55 N) of fresh PMs and the thermal transition temperature (onset temperature (TO), 61.53 °C to 67.50 °C; maximum transition temperature (TM), 66.46 °C to 70.18 °C; termination temperature (TE), 77.20 °C to 80.88 °C) of connective tissue from NOR to SEV. Cooking decreased the mechanical strength, and MOD samples showed the highest mechanical strength (1.24 N, p < 0.05), followed by SEV (0.96 N), MIL (0.93 N), and NOR (0.72 N). For proteins in connective tissue, random coil (19.64% to 29.61%, p < 0.0001), particle size (p < 0.05), and surface hydrophobicity (p < 0.05) increased with the decrease in the α-helix (14.61% to 11.54%, p < 0.0001), β-sheet (45.71% to 32.80%, p < 0.0001), and intrinsic fluorescence of proteins from NOR to SEV. The molecular weights of intramuscular connective tissue proteins were in the ranges of >270 kDa, 180–270 kDa, 110–180 kDa, 95–100 kDa, and

In recent years, many intriguing electromagnetic (EM) phenomena have come into being utilizing metasurfaces (MSs). However, most of them operate in either transmission or reflection mode, leaving the other half of the EM space completely unmodulated. Here, a kind of transmission-reflection-integrated multifunctional passive MS is proposed for entire-space electromagnetic wave manipulation, which can transmit the x-polarized EM wave and reflect the y-polarized EM wave from the upper and lower space, respectively. By introducing an H-shaped chiral grating-like micro-structure and open square patches into the unit, the MS acts not only as an efficient converter of linear-to-left-hand circular (LP-to-LHCP), linear-to-orthogonal (LP-to-XP), and linear-to-right-hand circular (LP-to-RHCP) polarization within the frequency bands of 3.05–3.25, 3.45–3.8, and 6.45–6.85 GHz, respectively, under the x-polarized EM wave, but also as an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) within the frequency band of 12.6–13.5 GHz under the y-polarized EM wave. Additionally, the LP-to-XP polarization conversion ratio (PCR) is up to −0.52 dB at 3.8 GHz. To discuss the multiple functions of the elements to manipulate EM waves, the MS operating in transmission and reflection modes is designed and simulated. Furthermore, the proposed multifunctional passive MS is fabricated and experimentally measured. Both measured and simulated results confirm the prominent properties of the proposed MS, which validates the design’s viability. This design offers an efficient way to achieve multifunctional meta-devices, which may have latent applications in modern integrated systems.

Lignite coal samples with different water contents were prepared by drying lignite raw coal. The process of coal spontaneous combustion was simulated in a temperature programmed oxidation device. The change of active functional groups of oxidized coal samples in the process of coal spontaneous combustion was measured by in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. At the same time, the change law of microscopic specific surface area and mass in the process of coal spontaneous combustion was characterized by nitrogen adsorption and thermal analysis, and the influence mechanism of original water on coal spontaneous combustion was discussed. The influence mechanism of original moisture on coal spontaneous combustion process mainly shows four stages: in the slow oxidation stage, the external water mainly plays a physical inhibition on coal oxidation, and the continuous volatilization of external water causes the decrease of coal mass and the content of hydroxyl and carboxylic acid components. In the accelerated oxidation stage, water in coal begins to directly participate in reaction, and plays a chemical role in promoting coal oxidation. The content of carboxyl compounds begins to increase significantly, and the inhibition of original moisture on coal oxidation is gradually reduced. In the rapid oxidation stage, the original moisture in coal body is basically removed, and the pore structure of coal body continues to collapse and break during inherent water removal process, resulting in new active sites, which shows a delayed promotion effect on coal oxidation reaction process. The internal water mainly affects the formation and decomposition of intermediate complexes and the release of gas. When coal temperature reaches 180 ℃, the effect of original moisture on coal oxidation reaction is weak, and the spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal tend to be consistent.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignancy. The overall prognosis is poor and therapeutic strategies still need to be improved. Studies have found that abnormalities in metabolisms promote the survival of AML cells. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have reported the effectiveness of a protein synthesis inhibitor, homoharringtonine (HHT), for the treatment of AML. In this study, we demonstrated that HHT effectively inhibited AML cells, especially MV4-11, a cell line representing human AML carrying the poor prognostic marker FLT3-ITD. We analyzed the transcriptome of MV4-11 cells treated with HHT, and identified the affected metabolic pathways including the choline metabolism process. In addition, we generated a line of MV4-11 cells that were resistant to HHT. The transcriptome analysis showed that the resistant mechanism was closely related to the ether lipid metabolism pathway. The key genes involved in these processes were AL162417.1, PLA2G2D, and LPCAT2 by multiple intergroup comparison and Venn analysis. In conclusion, we found that the treatment of HHT significantly changed metabolic signatures of AML cells, which may contribute to the precise clinical use of HHT and the development of novel strategies to treat HHT-resistant AML.

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a morbid complication and the main cause of multiple organ failure and death in severely burned patients. The objective of this study was to explore epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes of AKI for severely burned patients.MethodsThis retrospective study was performed with prospectively collected data of severely burned patients from the Institute of Burn Research in Southwest Hospital during 2011–2017. AKI was diagnosed according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria (2012), and it was divided into early and late AKIs depending on its onset time (within the first 3 days or >3 days post burn). The baseline characteristics, clinical data, and outcomes of the three groups (early AKI, late AKI and non-AKI) were compared using logistic regression analysis. Mortality predictors of patients with AKI were assessed.ResultsA total of 637 adult patients were included in analysis. The incidence of AKI was 36.9% (early AKI 29.4%, late AKI 10.0%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age, gender, total burn surface area (TBSA), full-thickness burns of TBSA, chronic comorbidities (hypertension or/and diabetes), hypovolemic shock of early burn, and tracheotomy were independent risk factors for both early and late AKIs. However, sepsis was only an independent risk factor for late AKI. Decompression escharotomy was a protective factor for both AKIs. The mortality of patients with AKI was 32.3% (early AKI 25.7%, late AKI 56.3%), and that of patients without AKI was 2.5%. AKI was independently associated with obviously increased mortality of severely burned patients [early AKI, OR = 12.98 (6.08–27.72); late AKI, OR = 34.02 (15.69–73.75)]. Compared with patients with early AKI, patients with late AKI had higher 28-day mortality (34.9% vs. 19.4%, p = 0.007), 90-day mortality (57.1% vs. 27.4%, p

BackgroundInternet addiction (IA) symptoms are common among adolescents and negatively impact their academic performance and development. These symptoms are also associated with lower quality of life (QOL) and increased suicidality. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and the sociodemographic and clinical correlates of IA symptoms in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) and their association with QOL.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in three general and four psychiatric hospitals in Anhui Province, China, from January to July 2021. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. The Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression Symptom Scale (CES-D), and World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief version (WHOQOL-BREF) were utilized to examine IA, depressive symptoms, and QOL, respectively.ResultsIn a multicenter sample of 278 adolescents with MDD, the prevalence of IA symptoms in adolescents with MDD was 46.8% (95% CI: 40.9–52.7%). Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with more severe depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03–1.08), those living in a rural area (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.15–3.27), and those with poor academic performance (OR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.42–5.95) were more likely to have IA symptoms. After controlling for confounding factors, patients with IA symptoms had significantly poorer QOL in the physical, psychological, and environmental domains than those without IA symptoms.ConclusionIA symptoms are common in adolescents with MDD and appear to be associated with clinical symptoms. We could not infer a causal relationship between IA and depression because this was a cross-sectional study. Considering the positive association between IA symptoms and lower QOL, screening for IA symptoms should be conducted, and effective measures should be implemented for adolescents with MDD.

The coexistence of allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma reinforces the concept of “one airway, one disease,” which has prompted the exploration for a single intervention to treat both diseases. Lactobacillus reuteri CCFM1040 (CCFM1040) was found to be an inhibitor of the common pathogenesis of AR and asthma in our previous studies. This study presented a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the clinical effects of CCFM1040 on both diseases. The total symptom score (TSS), the quality of life (QoL), and the modulation in the gut microbiota of patients with AR, the Asthma Control and Test (ACT) of patients with asthma, and the safety of both AR and asthma were measured. In patients with AR, CCFM1040 numerically decreased TSS, Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ), 3 nasal scores in TSS (nasal congestion, watery eyes, and rhinorrhea), and sleep and significantly improved (P = 0.014) non-nose/eye symptoms. The ACT score was numerically increased in patients with asthma (from partially controlled to well-controlled). Significant microbial (from class level to genus level) and metabolic differences (P < 0.05) were found in patients with AR. No adverse reactions were observed. No effect on the blood and urine routine indexes. CCFM1040 has a potential benefit on both diseases. Further studies based on these findings will help to optimize the management of AR and asthma.

Abstract The exact mechanism of myocardial hypertrophy has not been completely elucidated. NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and the pyroptotic cascade play a critical role in cardiac hypertrophy and inflammation. The myokine irisin can inhibit NLRP3 activation, although its exact mechanism of action is unknown. In this study, we induced cardiac hypertrophy in a mouse model via aortic constriction (TAC) to further explore the pathological role of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and the potential therapeutic effects of irisin. Cardiac hypertrophy significantly increased the percentage of apoptotic cells and upregulated IL-1β, cleaved caspase-1, and GSDMD-N that lie downstream of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Subsequently, irisin was co-administered to the TAC mice or angiotensin II (Ang-II)-treated cardiomyocytes to observe whether it could attenuate pyroptosis and cardiac hypertrophy. We established a direct association between pyroptosis and cardiac hypertrophy and found that pharmacological or genetic inhibition of NLRP3 attenuated cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, ectopic overexpression of NLRP3 abrogated the cardioprotective effects of irisin. To summarize, pyroptosis is a pathological factor in cardiac hypertrophy, and irisin is a promising therapeutic agent that inhibits NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes.

Abstract The charge stability of electret materials can directly affect the performance of electret-based devices such as electrostatic energy harvesters. In this paper, a spray-coating method is developed to deposit an electret layer with enhanced charge stability. The long-term stability of a spray-coated electret is investigated for 500 days and shows more stable performance than a spin-coated layer. A second-order linear model that includes both the surface charge and space charge is proposed to analyze the charge decay process of electrets in harsh environments at a high temperature (120 °C) and high humidity (99% RH); this model provides better accuracy than the traditional deep-trap model. To further verify the stability of the spray-coated electret, an electrostatic energy harvester is designed and fabricated with MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems) technology. The electret material can work as both the bonding interface and electret layer during fabrication. A maximum output power of 11.72 μW is harvested from a vibrating source at an acceleration of 28.5 m/s2. When the energy harvester with the spray-coated electret is exposed to a harsh environment (100 °C and 98% RH), an adequate amount of power can still be harvested even after 34 h and 48 h, respectively.

State-of-health (SOH) estimation is crucial for ensuring efficient, reliable and safe operation of power battery in electric vehicle (EV) application. However, due to the complicated physicochemical reactions happened in battery cells, it is extremely difficult to accurately estimate SOH, especially in real-world EV application scenarios. Traditional SOH estimation methods, including both model-based and data-driven ones, are deterministic, which cannot capture the stochastic property of battery aging process aroused from the inherent inconsistency during battery production. In this paper, Bayesian network (BN), which is a probabilistic graphical modeling method for indeterministic process, is used to battery degradation modeling. Its structure is derived from existing knowledge about battery aging mechanism. Two-year operational data and capacity calibration results of 16 electric taxies are collected for model training and validation. Specifically, a systematic data filling procedure is proposed to predict the missing values of variables necessary for SOH estimation. Markov Chain Monte Carlo method is adopted to generate the samples from parameterized BN for SOH estimation. Results show that the estimation result is very close to the calibrated SOH with mean absolute error below 4%. The proposed method is promising to be applied online for SOH estimation in real-world EV application.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Lactobacillus kimchi SR8. The EPS exhibited strong scavenging activities for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl radicals. Two EPS fractions (EPS-1 and EPS-3) exhibited higher antioxidant activities than EPS-2. Low-dose CEPS could significantly increase the activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the serum and the activities of CAT, GSH-Px and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant activity in the liver. Medium- and high-dose CEPS could significantly increase the activities of CAT and GSH-Px and total antioxidant activity in the serum and the activities of CAT, GSH-Px, and SOD and total antioxidant activity in the liver. High-dose CEPS significantly increased the liver index of mice and the activity of SOD in the serum. CEPS could inhibit the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum and liver. This suggests that EPS from Lactobacillus kimchi SR8 possesses potential antioxidant activities.

Wireless underwater sensor networks have various applications—such as ocean exploration and deep-sea disaster monitoring—making them a hot topic in the research field. To cover a larger area and gather more-precise information, building large-scale underwater sensor networks has become a trend. In such networks, acoustic signals are used to transmit messages in an underwater environment. Their features of low speed and narrow bandwidth make media access control (MAC) protocols unsuitable for radio communications. Furthermore, a network consists of a large number of randomly deployed nodes, making it impossible to pre-define an optimized routing table or assign a central controller to coordinate the message propagation process. Thus, optimized routing should emerge via interaction among individual nodes in the network. To address these challenges, in this paper we propose a communication coordinator under the time division multiple access (TDMA) framework. Each node in the network is equipped with such a coordinator so that messages in the network can be sent following the shortest path in a self-organized way. The coordinator consists of a slot distributor and a forwarding guide. With the slot distributor, nodes in the sensor network occupy proper communication slots and the network finally converges to the state without communication collision. This is achieved with a set of ecological niche- and pheromone-inspired laws, which encourage nodes to occupy slots that can decrease the waiting time for a node to send a message packet while weakening the enthusiasm for a node to occupy the slots that it fails to occupy several times. With the forwarding guide, a node can send the message packet to the best successor node so that the message packet can be sent to the base station along the shortest path. It has been proven that the laws in the forwarding guide are equivalent to the Dijkstra Algorithm. Simulation experiment results indicate that with our coordinator, the network can converge to the state without collision using fewer coordination messages. In addition, the time needed to send a message to the destination is shorter than that of the classical Aloha protocol.

The excessive migration of small molecular plasticizers in solid propellants may lead to debonding and changes in combustion characteristics, affecting the safety of solid rocket motors. Herein, two functionalized graphene oxides (GO) were used to enhance the anti-migration performance of EPDM insulation. GO, 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane-modified GO (AGO) and octadecylamine-modified GO (HGO) were filled into EPDM to fabricate EPDM insulation. The anti-migration properties and migration kinetics of EPDM insulations were studied using immersion tests. Moreover, the mechanical properties, including the tensile properties, crosslink density, hardness, and aging resistance of different EPDM insulations, were also explored. Compared with GO, AGO, and HGO obviously enhanced the anti-migration and mechanical properties of the EPDM insulations. This study shows that the anti-migration performance of EPDM insulation can be enhanced by functionalized GO.