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The field induced magnetic phase transitions of Cs 2 CuBr 4 were investigated by means of magnetization process and neutron scattering experiments. Cs 2 CuBr 4 should be characterized as S = 1/2 two-dimensional triangular antiferromagnet. Below the ordering temperature T N = 1.4 K, the Spin structure is the helical incommensurate structure almost within the triangular lattice plane. In the field direction within the triangular lattice plane, Cs 2 CuBr 4 exhibits the magnetization plateaux at one-third and two-thirds of the saturation magnetization. The spin structure in the one-third plateau phase is found to be almost collinear up-up-down structure which should be stabilized by quantum fluctuation as predicted by the theoretical studies.

We report the results of inelastic neutron scattering (INS) experiments on the S = 1 bond-alternating quasi-one-dimensional (1D) antiferromagnet Ni(C 9 D 24 N 4 )(NO 2 )ClO 4 under magnetic' fields below and above the critical field H c at which the energy gap closes. Normal field dependence of Zeeman split of the excited triplet state below H c has been observed, but the highest mode is unusually small and smears out with increasing field. This is probably explained by the highest branch buried in a magnon continuum, which was never observed in the S = 1 antiferromagnetic uniform chain. Above H c , we observed only one excitation branch, which is completely different from the Haldane material NDMAP [A. Zheludev et al., Phys. Rev. B 68 (2003), 134438] where three gapped branches were clearly observed.

Neutron inelastic scattering experiments have been performed on the paramagnetic heavy fermion compound CeRu 2 Si 2 in magnetic field along the crystal c -axis. Around the metamagnetic crossover field H m =7.7 T, the quasi-elastic excitation in the vicinity of the reciprocal lattice point (110) with an energy of 0.4 meV is significantly enhanced at T =0.4 K. The result indicates that the metamagnetic crossover in this compound is associated with a field-induced ferromagnetic correlation. The observation is consistent with the recent theoretical prediction by Satoh and Ohkawa based on quasi-particle band spectrum considerations.

The purpose of this study is to assess the association between type 2 diabetes and bone mineral density. This study included 145 Japanese patients (64 men and 81 women) with type 2 diabetes and 95 non-diabetic control subjects (41 men and 54 women) of similar age. We measured bone mineral density (BMD) at the sites with different cortical/cancellous bone ratio (lumbar spine, femoral neck, and distal radius) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. BMD and Z score at the distal radius were significantly lower in type 2 diabetic patients than those in control subjects, and in type 2 diabetic patients, the Z score at the distal radius was lower than that at their own lumbar spine and femoral neck. In type 2 diabetic patients, negative correlation between BMD and the mean HbA1c during the previous 2 years was found significantly at the distal radius in both genders and at the femoral neck in women. These results indicate the selective cortical bone loss in type 2 diabetes and suggest the importance of also determining BMD at the radius and keeping good metabolic control to prevent bone loss in type 2 diabetic patients.

Birefringence induced by the orientation of polymer main chains during injectionmoulding or extrusion processing restricts the application of optical polymers to optical devices that require the polarization state of incident light to be maintained. To compensate this birefringence of polymers we propose using the “birefringent crystal dopant method” - homogeneous doping with an opposite birefringent needle-like crystal. Strontium carbonate (SrCO3) was selected for this purpose and synthesized, with a length of about 200nm and a width of about 20nm. SrCO3 was doped into poly(MMA/BzMA= 78/22(wt./wt.)) film. The film was uniaxially drawn at 130°C and 4mm/min. For the first time, the positive birefringence of the drawn copolymer film at a wavelength of 633nm was compensated by doping with 0.3wt.% of SrCO3 without loss of transparency and thermostability.

The magnetic structure and excitation in a localized 5f system U3Pd20Si6 were studied by means of neutron scattering. Our neutron diffraction experiments on a single-domain sample uniquely determined a remarkable collinear structure due to higher-order exchange interaction. We discovered a new type of spin-flop transition with collinear coupling. The localized nature of uranium 5f electrons with a 5f2 Γ5 ground state was clearly demonstrated by the observed crystalline electric field excitation. We observed beautiful ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin-wave excitation over a whole Brillouin zone. Surprisingly, however, a clear low-energy quasi-elastic component was also observed around the antiferromagnetic zone centre. This low-energy quasi-elastic response is concluded to be the excitation of the quasi-particles due to hybridization between 5f and conduction electrons. The observation of this localized and itinerant dual nature in magnetic excitation indicates the possibility of partial localization based on an itinerant and two localized 5f electrons proposed theoretically.

Genetic transformation was carried out with wild-type strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes for introducing a dwarf trait into the Scrophulariaceous ornamental plant, angelonia (Angelonia salicariifolia). Leaf segments of two angelonia genotypes (Ang.1 and Ang.2) were co-cultivated with mikimopine-type strains of A. rhizogenes. Adventitious roots that showed vigorous growth and increased lateral branching when cultured on half-strength Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal salts medium lacking plant growth regulators (PGRs) after co-cultivation were selected as putatively transformed lines. All of these selected lines produced mikimopine. Adventitious shoots were efficiently induced from putatively transformed root segments on half-strength MS basal salts medium containing 1 mg l(-1) benzyladenine (BA) under continuous illumination (24-h photoperiod), and the shoots easily rooted following their transfer to half-strength MS basal salts medium lacking PGRs. The transgenic nature of regenerated plants was confirmed by Southern hybridization. Transformed plants frequently died during their acclimatization, and acclimatized plants of eight transformed lines grew very slowly for 1-5 months after transplantation to the greenhouse. Plants of two transformed lines of Ang.2 flowered 4-6 months after transplantation. These transformed plants exhibited phenotypic alterations such as dwarfness and smaller leaves. There were no apparent alterations observed in the number, shape, and size of the flowers. Pollen fertility of the transformed plants was 60-80% based on aceto-carmine staining. These results indicate the possibility of applying A. rhizogenes-mediated transformation for introducing a dwarf trait into angelonia.

A method for solving few-body scattering equations is proposed and examined. The solution of the scattering equations at complex energies is analytically continued to get scattering T-matrix with real positive energy. Numerical examples document that the method works well for two-nucleon scattering and three-nucleon scattering, if the set of complex energies is properly chosen., Comment: 6 pages, no figures, resubmitted to Prog. Theor. Phys

In this paper, we report on misaligned Bi–Sr–Ca–Cu–O (2212) films that have been deposited on vicinal strontium titanate substrates using a dc sputtering system. We measured the temperature dependences of resistivity across and along the terrace, and only the resistivity across the terrace slightly decreased with the increase of the temperature in the normal state region. The estimated anisotropy parameter γ was smaller than that of single crystal, but a significant anisotropy was observed. Submicrometre bridges were fabricated, and the temperature dependence of the critical current density was investigated. The value of the critical current density across the terrace is smaller than the value of that along the terrace. This suggests that the current partially flows along the c-axis. However, a multi-branch structure was not observed even after post annealing in oxygen atmosphere at low pressure.

The unique magnetic structure and property of intermetallic uranium compounds UGa 3 have been investigated by neutron diffraction measurements. With applying pressure we succeeded in revealing the magnetic structure of UGa 3 . We suppose that the magnetic moment of UGa 3 at low pressures is along the 〈011〉 direction and that at 2.2 GPa along the 〈111〉 direction. The Neel temperature and magnetic moment are reduced with applied pressure.

This chapter presents a method to estimate proportion between skin burn area and body surface using computer vision techniques. The data are derived using Microsoft Kinect. We first show a comprehensive Kinect calibration method. Then the color image is segmented into 3 sections, background, burn area, and body area. The segmentation method developed is based on watershed algorithm and Chebyshev’s inequality. The segmented color image is to be mapped with the depth image to generate triangular mesh. We discover that reconstructing the 3D mesh, using marching cube algorithm, directly from Kinect depth information is erroneous. Hence, we propose to filter the depth image first. After the enhanced mesh is derived, the proportion between 3D meshes of burn area and 3D meshes of body surface can be found using Heron’s formula. Finally, our paradigm is tested on real burn patients.

We performed the DC-magnetization and neutron scattering experiments under pressure {\it P} for a pressure-induced superconductor UGe$_2$. We found that the magnetic moment is enhanced at a characteristic temperature {\it T}$^{*}$ in the ferromagnetic state, where {\it T}$^{*}$ is smaller than a Curie temperature {\it T}$_{\rm C}$. This enhancement becomes remarkable in the vicinity of {\it P}$_{\rm C}^{*}$ = 1.20 GPa, where {\it T}$^{*}$ becomes 0 K and the superconducting transition temperature {\it T}$_{\rm SC}$ shows a maximum. The characteristic temperature {\it T}$^{*}$, which decreases with increasing pressure, also depends on the magnetic field., Comment: To be published in J.Phys.Soc.Jpn

Systematic neutron scattering experiments were carried out in order to reveal the crystal and magnetic structure as well as the localized character of the uranium 5 f electrons in a ternary metalli...

Sexual reproduction and larval settlement of Alveopora japonica Eguchi were studied at its northernmost distribution in Tokyo Bay (34°58′03′′N, 139°46′05′′E), where the annual sea temperature ranges from 13 to 27 °C. Alveopora japonica is a hermaphroditic brooding coral with oocytes and spermaries developing on separate mesenteries of the polyp. The oocytes first appeared in October, maturing in late August to early September of the following year, whereas the spermaries were first observed in May, and matured in approximately 4 months. The oocytes reached ca. 800 µm in diameter. Planulae containing zooxanthellae in their endoderm were released during the daytime in September and October. Well-developed planulae were able to settle and metamorphose within 7 h. The polyps started budding about 3 weeks after settlement, and took 3 years to grow to maturity. The population examined was sexually reproductive, indicating that A. japonica maintains local populations in Tokyo Bay by sexual reproduction.

An ultra-high-quality MVA-LCD has been developed using a newly designed CF. The Cr black-matrix was replaced by multi-layer CF resin, which was also used to eliminate the conventional bead spacer. The protrusions that are essential to building rubbing-less MVA panels are stacked on the multi-layer CF resin coated by ITO to prevent electrical shorting between the CF and TFT substrates and to maintain the appropriate cell gap. This beadless MVA panel improves the transmittance and cell gap uniformity. Moreover, this new design removes Cr BM from the CF structure and eliminates both spacer dispersion and rubbing from the MVA panel process.

Neutron-diffraction experiments under high pressure have been done to study the magnetic structure of the ground state and the nature of the magnetic order of the pressure-induced superconductor ${\mathrm{CeRh}}_{2}{\mathrm{Si}}_{2}.$ Two models for the magnetic structure of the ground state, namely, a $4\ensuremath{-}\mathbf{q}$ superposed structure and a multidomain structure, have been tested and the former was found to be more realistic, though both of them have some inconsistency with the results of the previous NMR experiment. The pressure dependence of both the transition temperature and magnitude of the ordered magnetic moment indicate that the magnetism of this compound is basically itinerant despite its high transition temperature. Our studies also revealed that, when the pressure is close to the critical magnitude to destroy the antiferromagnetism, the compound can have a ``tiny ordered moment'' which is widely observed in the metallic Kondo-lattice compounds.

In biomagnetic measurement in a magnetically moderately shielded room, the dominant environmental field noise is the line-frequency (50 Hz) noise. We have studied off-line processing to reduce the line-frquency noise that is included in the raw data measured with a multichannel SQUID magnetometer. Our method utilizes digital filtering and averaging to obtain exclusively the magnetic field unit vectors, which represent the spatial distribution of the noise field. The results for the magnetic field waveform, after subtraction of line-frequency noise components, indicated the effectiveness of our method in reducing the noise. Further, localization of a single equivalent current dipole in a simulation showed that the noise-reduced data decreased the error of the dipole location and increased the goodness-of-fit values.

This study was carried out to understand the onset mechanism of adrenaline (ADR)-induced pulmonary edema (PE) and the effect of drugs related to the arachidonate cascade in a rabbit model. ADR was administered intravenously by a bolus injection to the rabbits at 50, 75 and 100 microg/kg. To evaluate the severity of PE, the lung-water ratio (LWR) was calculated as a ratio of the difference between wet and dry lung weight to dry lung weight. The PE incidence and LWR exhibited a dose-dependent increase, and LWR correlated with the left atrial pressure (LAP). The involvement of the arachidonate cascade was evaluated by the co-administration of flurbiprofen, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor; ozagrel, a thromboxane synthase inhibitor; and OP-2507 (15-cis-(4-n-propylcyclohexyl)-6,17,18, 19,20-pentanor-9-deoxy-6,9-alpha-nitriloprostaglandin F1 methyl ester), a prostaglandin I2 analogue. Co-treatment of the rabbits with ADR and flurbiprofen resulted in an increase in LAP and the incidence of PE, whereas co-administration of ozagrel did not exhibit any significant changes in the measured parameters. Conversely, OP-2507 reduced the LAP, PE incidence and LWR when co-administered with ADR. Rabbits co-treated with OP-2507 displayed an improved cardiac function. The results of these studies demonstrated the effectiveness of OP-2507 in protecting the lung and cardiac function from the ADR-induced PE.

A liquid-He-free dilution refrigerator, `mK Cryocooler', for neutron scattering research is constructed. It obtained the lowest sample temperature of 41 mK in the neutron beam experiment. The mK Cryocooler has a pulse tube cryocooler as the 4 K stage and a Joule–Thomson type dilution refrigerator as the mK stage. The mK Cryocooler is a compact and movable refrigerator for neutron scattering research. The obtained cooling power at 100 mK was about 43 μW when the lowest temperature was 49 mK.

High growth rate deposition techniques for coated conductors are developed via liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) and vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth. By adding fluorine and silver under low oxygen partial pressure, the processing temperature of LPE decreased down to 850/spl deg/C and it enabled us to grow YBCO on metallic substrates such as cube-textured silver tapes. On the other hand, VLS growth is a combinatorial deposition technique between vapor growth and LPE. It is essentially a LPE growth supplied from the vapor phase. Here, we discuss the utilization of VLS growth as a rapid vapor growth for production of YBCO coated conductor.

Neutron scattering experiments have been carried out for a heavy fermion superconductor URu 2 Si 2 . We found that the (1 0 0) magnetic Bragg peak intensity is reduced by 1–2% in magnitude below the superconducting transition temperature of 1.15 K. This is direct evidence of the interplay between magnetism and superconductivity in URu 2 Si 2 .

High resolution neutron scattering experiments have been carried out in order to study the interplay between magnetism and superconductivity in the heavy fermion superconductor ${\mathrm{UPd}}_{2}{\mathrm{Al}}_{3}$. We found direct evidence for a magnetic excitation gap associated with superconductivity. We observed $1%$ suppression of the antiferromagnetic Bragg intensities below the superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1.9\mathrm{K}$. We also observed the increases of the spin wave excitation energy and its linewidth in the superconducting state. These results indicate a strong coupling between magnetism and superconductivity in this compound.

Ultralow-temperature neutron scattering experiments have been carried out in order to study the antiferromagnetic ordering in the heavy fermion superconductor UPt 3 . We observed the (0.5 0 1) antiferromagnetic peak below 5 K. We found a finite spin correlation length of about 300 A above 50 mK. The peak intensity increases linearly with decreasing temperature, and is suppressed below the superconducting transition temperature of about 0.56 K. The moment size of 0.04 µ B /U was estimated from the peak intensity. These behaviors are in full agreement with results of previous studies. Surprisingly, the antiferromagnetic peak exhibits considerable narrowing below 50 mK, and a resolution-limited peak is observed below 20 mK. This is direct evidence that the antiferromagnetic long-range ordering is realized in UPt 3 at ultralow temperatures.

An accurate solution for the three-nucleon bound state is obtained within 1 keV in the binding energy and, on the whole, better than 1% in the wave function, using a new systematic and efficient method. The method is based on a recently developed separable expansion for any finite-range interaction, in which a rigorous separable series for the two-body t-matrix is obtained by expanding the wave function in terms of a complete set of basis functions inside the range of the potential. In order to treat a potential with a strong repulsive core, as in the case of the Argonne potential, we develop a two-potential formalism. The expansion starts with a few EST (Ernst, Shakin, and Thaler) terms in order to accelerate the convergence and continues with an orthogonal set of polynomials, avoiding the known difficulties of a pure EST expansion. Thus, several techniques are combined in the present extended separable expansion (ESE). In this way, the method opens a new systematic treatment for accurate few-body calculations resulting in a dramatic reduction in the CPU time required to solve few-body equations.

Neutron scattering experiments have been carried out in order to study the interplay between magnetism and superconductivity in a heavy fermion superconductor, UPd 2 Al 3 . We have observed 1% suppression of the (0 0 0.5) magnetic peak intensity below the superconducting transition temperature T c . This is direct evidence for the coupling of the magnetic order parameter with the superconducting one. Furthermore, we have observed a spin excitation gap associated with superconductivity. The gap energy Δ E g increases continuously from Δ E g = 0 to 0.4 meV with decreasing temperature from T c to 0.4 K. This gap energy corresponds to 2 k B T c , which is smaller than the superconducting gap expected from the BCS theory (3.5 k B T c ). These results are indicative of the strong interplay between magnetism and superconductivity.

We conducted the present study to propose a rabbit model of pulmonary edema (PE) induced by angiotensin II (AII) and to test the preventive effect of losartan on this form of PE. AII was administered to rabbits intravenously at 50, 100, 150 or 300 microg/kg, either by continuous infusion (10 min) or by bolus injection (30 sec). Continuously administered AII (150 microg/kg) induced PE in most cases, while a bolus injection of the same dosage did not. Additionally, the incidence of PE increased with higher dosages of AII when it was infused continuously. A newly established parameter, the area under the systolic blood pressure-time curve corrected by baseline (cAUC), was prone to rise as the incidence of PE increased. Moreover, cAUC signficantly correlated with the wet-dry lung weight ratio (r=0.66, P0.05). Subsequently, 0.5 or 3.0 mg/kg of losartan was given before continuous infusion of 150 microg/kg of AII. The higher dosage of losartan prevented PE completely, while the lower one did so moderately. We concluded that intravenous administration of AII induces PE, probably as a result of increasing afterload. Furthermore, an adequate dosage of losartan can prevent PE because it reduces the pressor effect of AII.

Earphones and headphones, which are compact electro-acoustic transducers, tend to have a lot of acoustic absorption materials and porous materials known as dampers, which often have a large number of extremely small holes and narrow slits to inhibit the resonance of the vibrating system, because the air viscosity significantly affects the acoustic characteristics in such acoustic paths. In order to perform simulations using the finite element method (FEM), it is necessary to be aware of material characteristics such as the impedance and propagation constants of sound absorbing materials and porous materials. The transfer function is widely known as a measurement method for an acoustic tube with such physical properties, but literature describing the measurements at the upper limits of the audible range is yet to be found. The acoustic tube, which is a measurement instrument, must be made narrow, and the distance between the two sets of microphones must be shortened in order to take measurements of acoustic characteristics at higher frequencies. When such a tube is made narrow, however, the characteristic impedance has been observed to become lower than the impedance of air. This paper considers the cause of this phenomenon to be the effect of the air viscosity and describes an FEM analysis of an acoustic tube considering air viscosity to compare to the theoretical formula by including the effect of air viscosity in the theoretical formula for an acoustic tube., {"references":["H. Utsuno, T. W. Wu., A. F. Seybert, and T. Tanaka, \"Prediction of SoundFields in Cavities with Sound Absorbing Materials,\" AIAA Journal,.28, no. 11, 1990, pp.1870-1875.","Yamaguchi, T., Tsugawa, J., Enomoto, H., Kurosawa., Y., \"Layout of Sound Absorbing Materials in 3D Rooms Using Contributions with Eigenvectrs as Weight Coefficients,\" the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, C-74, pp. 2648–2654, 2008.","Yamaguchi, T., Kurosawa., Y., Matsumura, S., \"Damping Analysis of 3D Acoustic Fields Involving Sound Absorbing Materials Using FEM,\" the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, C-68-665, 2002-1","Leo L. Beranek, 1986, Acoustics, America, Amer Inst of Physics; Rev Sub edition (December 1986)","M. A. Biot, Acoustics, Elasticity, and Thermodynamics of Porous Media, Woodbury, New York, Acoustical Society of America, 1992.","M. A. Biot \"Theory of Propagation of Elastic Waves in a Fluid-Saturated Porous Solid. II. Higher Frequency Range,\" Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 28, pp. 179–191.","J. F. Allard and N. Atalla, Propagation of Sound in Porous Media, West Sussex, United Kingdom, John Wily & Sons, Ltd., 2009."]}

In very narrow pathways, the speed of sound propagation and the phase of sound waves change due to the air viscosity. We have developed a new finite element method (FEM) that includes the effects of air viscosity for modeling a narrow sound pathway. This method is developed as an extension of the existing FEM for porous sound-absorbing materials. The numerical calculation results for several three-dimensional slit models using the proposed FEM are validated against existing calculation methods., {"references":["T. Yamaguchi, J. Tsugawa, H. Enomoto and Y. Kurosawa, \"Layout of Sound Absorbing Materials in 3D Rooms Using Damping Contributions with Eigenvectors as Weight Coefficients,\" Journal of System Design and Dynamics, Vol. 4-1, pp. 166–176, 2010.","T. Yamaguchi, Y. Kurosawa and H. Enomoto, \"Damped Vibration Analysis Using Finite Element Method with Approximated Modal Damping for Automotive Double Walls with a Porous Material,\" Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 325, pp. 436–450, 2009.","M. Sasajima, T. Yamaguchi and A. Hara, \"Acoustic Analysis Using Finite Element Method Considering Effects of Damping Caused by Air Viscosity in Audio Equipment,\" Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol. 36, pp. 282–286, 2010.","H. Utsuno, T. Tanaka, Y. Morisawa and T. Yoshimura, \"Prediction of Normal Sound Absorption Coefficient for Multi-Layer Sound Absorbing Materials by Using the Boundary Element Method,\" Transactions of Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 56-532C, pp. 3248–3252, 1990.","M. Sasajima, M. Watanabe, T. Yamaguchi, Y. Kurosawa, and Y. Koike,\" Acoustic Analysis with Consideration of Damping Effects of Air Viscosity in Sound Pathway,\" World Academy of science, Engineering and technology, ISSUE78,pp1011–1016, 2013.","J.W. Strutt, B. Rayleigh, \"The Theory of Sound (Second revised and enlarged edition)\" New Yoke Dover Publications, Inc., pp54-57,1945.","J.F. Allard, N. Atalla, \"Propagation of Sound in Porous Media (Second Edition)\" A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication, pp48–50, 2009."]}

Sound pathways in the enclosures of small earphones are very narrow. In such narrow pathways, the speed of sound propagation and the phase of sound waves change because of the air viscosity. We have developed a new finite element method that includes the effects of damping due to air viscosity for modeling the sound pathway. This method is developed as an extension of the existing finite element method for porous sound-absorbing materials. The numerical calculation results using the proposed finite element method are validated against the existing calculation methods., {"references":["T. Yamaguchi, J. Tsugawa, H. Enomoto and Y. Kurosawa, \"Layout of\nSound Absorbing Materials in 3D Rooms Using Damping Contributions\nwith Eigenvectors as Weight Coefficients\", Journal of System Design and\nDynamics, Vol. 4-1, pp. 166-176, 2010.","T. Yamaguchi, Y. Kurosawa and H. Enomoto, \"Damped Vibration\nAnalysis Using Finite Element Method with Approximated Modal\nDamping for Automotive Double Walls with a Porous Material\", Journal\nof Sound and Vibration, Vol. 325, pp. 436-450, 2009.","M. Sasajima, T. Yamaguchi and A. Hara, \"Acoustic Analysis Using\nFinite Element Method Considering Effects of Damping Caused by Air\nViscosity in Audio Equipment\", Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol.\n36, pp. 282-286, 2010.","H. Utsuno, T. Tanaka, Y. Morisawa and T. Yoshimura, \"Prediction of\nNormal Sound Absorption Coefficient for Multi-Layer Sound Absorbing\nMaterials by Using the Boundary Element Method\", Transactions of\nJapan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 56-532C, pp. 3248-3252,\n1990.","A. Craggs and J.G.Hildebrandt, \"Effective densities and resistivities for\nacoustic propagation in narrow tubes\", Journal of Sound and Vibration,\nVol.92, pp321-331, 1984.","M. A. Biot, \"Theory of Propagation of Elastic Waves in a Fluid-Saturated\nPorous Solid. Ôàí. Higher Frequency Range\", Journal of the Acoustical\nSociety of America, Vol.28, pp179-191, 1956."]}

Increasing demand for packet transport technology was driver for MPLS-TP technology. Key features of MPLS-TP: Separation of Data-plane and Control-plane; OAM; NMS; Recovery (Protection). An OAM solution (G.8113.1(PTN) ) has been standardized. PTN is a simple and transport-oriented OAM solution based on Ethernet OAM. Converged transport network solution based on MPLS-TP is a promising solution for future cost & energy efficient networks.

We prove that the twist-3 chiral-odd parton distributions obey simple Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi evolution equations in the limit ${N}_{c}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$ and give analytic results for the corresponding anomalous dimensions. To this end we introduce an evolution equation for the corresponding three-particle twist-3 parton correlation functions and find an exact analytic solution. For large values of $n$ (operator dimension) we are further able to collect all corrections subleading in ${N}_{c}$, so our final results are valid to $O(({1/N}_{c}^{2})\mathrm{ln}(n)/n)$ accuracy.

The effects of iodine intercalation have been investigated for the Co-substituted Bi-2212 phase ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$Ca(${\mathrm{Cu}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{z}}$${\mathrm{Co}}_{\mathit{z}}$${)}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ with different \ensuremath{\delta} values in the overdoped regime. Whereas in the pristine samples ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ depends on z and \ensuremath{\delta}, in the intercalated ones ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ is independent of \ensuremath{\delta}. This indicates that the hole concentration p in the Bi-2212 phase has an upper limit and becomes saturated by the transfer of holes from the intercalated iodine. ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$(z)/${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$(z=0) of the intercalated samples differs from that of the pristine ones. This suggests that the intercalation of iodine decreases ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ not only through an increase in p, but also through a structural change, probably the interlayer decoupling between adjacent blocks of the ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ planes. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

A 26-week repeated percutaneous dose toxicity of calcipotriol (MC903), an anti-psoriasic agent, was studied in beagle dogs at doses of 0.04, 0.4 and 4 micrograms/kg/day. 1. In general conditions, reddening, rash, desquamation, pruritus, wet and hot skin at 4 micrograms/kg/day, reddening, rash and desquamation at 0.4 microgram/kg/day, pruritus and desquamation at 0.04 microgram/kg/day, were observed at the skin of application site. 2. In urinalysis, an increase or a tendency to an increase in Ca level, were observed at 4 micrograms/kg/day. 3. Histopathological examinations revealed squamous cell hyperplasia and parakeratosis at the skin of application site in both sexes at 4 micrograms/kg/day. However, these findings were not shown at the skin of application site at 0.4 and 0.04 microgram/kg/day. 4. On the basis of results obtained in the present study, it is considered that 0.4 microgram/kg/day is the no-toxic dose of MC903 applied percutaneously in both sexes of beagle dogs.

The present study was conducted to develop a special formula to predict creatinine clearance (CCr, ml/min) in the elderly with chronic muscle atrophy using serum albumin (Alb, g/dl). We obtained 90 data sets including actual body weight (BW, kg), urinary creatinine excretion (UCr, mg/24 h), serum creatinine (SCr, mg/dl), and Alb from 90 inpatients aged 60-92 years. Regression equations were determined between the dependent variable of UCr/BW and the explanatory variable of Alb as follows: For males Ucr/BW = 2.695 Alb + 4.665 For females Ucr/BW = 1.827 Alb + 4.146. Then, the new predictive formula was derived from the equations: For males CCr = (19Alb + 32)BW/(100 x SCr) For females CCr = (13Alb + 29)BW/(100 x SCr). Evaluations for the predictive error (predicted CCr- measured CCr) showed that the new formula could provide more accurate and less biased estimates of CCr than the Cockcroft and Gault formula could, even in patients with renal insufficiency and in those with Alb < or = 2.8 g/dl.

The differential cross sections and the vector and tensor analyzing powers Ay, Ayy, Axx, and Axz for the d-p elastic scattering were measured at Edlab = 270 MeV over the c.m. angular range from 57° to 138°. The data are compared with a Faddeev calculation. A good description is obtained for all components of the analyzing powers, while a discrepancy of about 30% is found in the cross section around θc.m. = 120°.

We have investigated the spin dynamics of the nearly-ideal one-dimensional bond-alternating antiferromagnet Ni(333-tet)NO2ClO4 (alias NTENP) by inelastic neutron scattering. The measurements have been performed as a function of both the wave vector (components along and perpendicular to the chain axis around q=π) and the temperature. Our experimental results at low temperatures show unambiguously the existence of a gapped dispersive mode in the spin-excitation spectrum. The magnetic response at q=π is peaked at the energy Δ≈1.2 meV and displays a finite energy width 2Γ≈0.3 meV at 1.5 K . As expected for a mainly magnetic mode, the gap feature shows a strong temperature dependence and vanishes almost completely above 25 K .

The Kansai Electric Power Co. Inc. and Fujikura Ltd. have developed a 6.6 kV XLPE submarine power cable with optical fiber sensors to detect anchor damage and defacement of wire armor. The cable was installed between Kata and Tomogashima island in Wakayama prefecture, Japan. The ability to detect cable damage was confirmed by compression tests, curved tensile tests using the CIGRE-recommended method, and loop tests. Also, in this power cable, a distributed optical fiber sensor was built-in to measure cable temperature. This report shows the results of these tests and the outline of the cable installation. >

This paper describes vibration analysis using the finite element method for a small earphone, especially for the diaphragm shape with a low-rigidity. The viscoelastic diaphragm is supported by multiple nonlinear concentrated springs with linear hysteresis damping. The restoring forces of the nonlinear springs have cubic nonlinearity. The finite elements for the nonlinear springs with hysteresis are expressed and are connected to the diaphragm that is modeled by linear solid finite elements in consideration of a complex modulus of elasticity. Further, the discretized equations in physical coordinates are transformed into the nonlinear ordinary coupled equations using normal coordinates corresponding to the linear natural modes. We computed the nonlinear stationary and non-stationary responses due to the internal resonance between modes with large amplitude in the nonlinear springs and elastic modes in the diaphragm. The non-stationary motions are confirmed as the chaos due to the maximum Lyapunov exponents with a positive number. From the time histories of the deformation distribution in the chaotic vibration, we identified nonlinear modal couplings., {"references":["T. Kondo, T. Sasaki, and T. Ayabe, \"Forced vibration analysis of a\nstraight-line beam structure with nonlinear support elements,\" Trans. Jpn.\nSoc. Mech. Eng., vol. 67, no. 656C, pp. 914-921, 2001.","E. Pesheck, N. Boivin, C. Pierre, and S. W. Shaw, \"Non-linear modal\nanalysis of structural systems using multi-mode invariant manifolds,\"\nNonlinear Dyn., no. 25, pp. 183-205, 2001.","T. Yamaguchi, K. Nagai, S. Maruyama, and T. Aburada, \"Finite element\nanalysis for coupled vibrations of an elastic block supported by a\nnonlinear spring,\" Trans. Jpn. Soc. Mech. Eng., vol. 69, no. 688C, pp.\n3167-3174, 2003.","T. Yamaguchi, N. Nakahara, K. Nagai, S. Maruyama, and Y. Fujii,\n\"Frequency response analysis of elastic blocks supported by a nonlinear\nspring using finite element method,\" Trans. Jpn. Soc. Mech. Eng., vol. 70,\nno. 696C, pp. 2219-2227, 2004.","T. Yamaguchi, T. Saito, K. Nagai, S. Maruyama, Y. Kurosawa, and S.\nMatsumura, \"Analysis of damped vibration for a viscoelastic block\nsupported by a nonlinear concentrated spring using FEM,\" J. Syst. Des.\nDyn., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 154-165, 2011.","E. H. Dowell, \"Flutter of a buckled plate as an example of chaotic motion\nof a deterministic autonomous system,\" J. Sound Vib., vol. 85-3, pp.\n333-344, 1982.","A. H. Nayfeh and R. A. Raouf, \"Nonlinear Forced Response of Infinitely\nLong Circular Cylindrical Shells,\" J. Appl. Mech., vol. 54, pp. 571-577,\n1987.","X. L. Yang and P. R. Sethna, \"Non-linear phenomena in forced vibrations\nof a nearly square plate: Antisymmetric case,\" J. Sound Vib., vol. 155-3,\npp. 413-441, 1992.","A. Wolf, J. B. Swift, H. L. Swinney, and J. A. Vastano, \"Determining\nLyapunov exponents from a time series,\" Physica, vol. 16D, pp. 285-317,\n1985.\n[10] O. C. Zienkiewicz and Y. K. Cheung, The Finite Element Method in\nStructural and Continuum Mechanics. New York: MacGraw-Hill, 1967."]}

A new type of superconducting magnet, which is directly cooled by two 4-K GM cryocoolers (i.e. liquid-He-free), has been developed for neutron-scattering experiments. The magnet consists of a split pair of a (Nb, Ti)3Sn inner coil and a NbTi outer coil. The gap between the coils is 29 mm, and the upper and lower coils are supported by three rings made of Al alloy (4.5, 7.5, and 8 mm in thickness) and a plate of Al alloy (42.5° in angle). The total thickness of the Al alloy in the neutron path is 52 mm, and the transmission of the beam is about 60% for neutrons with 20 meV. The room-temperature bore is 51 mm in diameter, and in this bore one of the sample-cooling systems (4-K cryocooler or liquid-He-free dilution refrigerator) is inserted. The maximum field of 10 T is very stably obtained. Some results on the magnetism of strongly correlated electron systems obtained with this cryomagnet are presented.