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Titanium/steel laminated composite plates with tooth-like interface are prepared by cold roll bonding (CRB). In the CRB deformation zone, the surface of titanium is cracked and the steel is squeezed into the cracks, the tooth with shear stress on the side and normal stress on the top is formed with heights of 2-5 μm. The shear stress makes the grains in the tooth side interface nanocrystalline and promotes the atom diffusion, which results in serious lattice distortion and a proportion of the nanocrystals collapsing into amorphous state, leading to the formation of a nanocrystalline/amorphous mixed interface. However, the normal stress results in a large number of dislocations at the tooth top interface, forming nano-scaled interlocking interfacial transition zone.

Magneto-electro-elastic composite with a penny-shaped crack is analyzed. The exact solution of temperature field based on non-Fourier heat conduction is derived by the method of standard separation of variables. The thermal stress, electrical displacement and magnetic induction in the transversely isotropic and axis-symmetric magneto-electro-elastic cylinder are evaluated by Hankel transform technique. The thermal stress, electrical displacement and magnetic induction intensity factors at the tip of penny-shaped crack are obtained by Abel type integral equation. The influence of the thermal relaxation time, crack length, characteristic length of materials and magneto-electro-thermo-elastic coupling on intensity factors are analyzed. Thermal shock resistance of MEE cylinder is evaluated by associating the stress based failure criterion and fracture mechanics based failure criterion.

We present a new technique to denoise a single-pixel camera, in which complementary compressive imaging and a threshold strategy have been combined to improve image quality. The number of measurements recorded by the detector is reduced by setting a threshold. With an appropriate choice of threshold value, the quality of the reconstructed image is enhanced with a small number of measurements. This denoising method thus offers a very effective approach to promote the implementation of single-pixel camera in real applications.

Wide plates are mainly prepared through traditional cold mold continuous casting technology. A problem is cracking which caused by the non-uniform temperature field in solidification. Warm mold continuous casting is a new technology. Warm mold continuous casting of wide copper plate (section 500mm×12mm) was studies. Temperature field, solid/liquid interface and microstructure were analyzed by ProCAST software. By simulation, the optimal processing parameters: withdrawing speed was 60-80 mm/min, and the temperature of copper melt, mold and cooling water were 1200°C, 800-900oC and 20 oC, respectively. The temperature field in the width direction of the copper plate broad face was uniform, and the temperature decreased uniformly along the withdrawing direction. The temperature difference between center and edge was within 10 oC, and the temperature difference between narrow and broadfaces was within 25oC. Microstructure of plate contained ‘bamboo-like’ grains along the withdrawing direction.

Copper clad steel (CCS) composite wires with the carbon steel core diameter of 8 mm and copper cladding thickness of 1 mm were prepared by core-cladding continuous casting method under argon protection. The effects of melt temperature, molten metal height and drawing velocity on the surface quality were investigated. The formation mechanisms of the surface defects were discussed. The results showed that CCS wires with good surface quality could be continuously fabricated at a melt temperature of 1120 to 1200°C, a molten metal height of 2 to 4 cm and a drawing velocity of 10 to 30 mm/min. Raising the melt temperature, increasing the molten metal height or decreasing the drawing velocity is in favor of improvements in the surface quality. Insufficient supplement of liquid copper during solidification shrinkage resulted in surface dimple. Transverse hot cracking and exposed steel defect appeared because the frictional force between cladding metal and mold was larger than the tensile strength of cladding metal under high temperature.

With the help of trace analysis, cross-grain boundary (cross-GB) contraction twin (CTW) pairs and bands can be identified more easily in a deformed Mg alloy. Cross-GB CTW pairs can form in two neighboring grains with misorientations from 5° to 60°. Schmid factor (SF) analysis reveals that the majority of them are high SF twin variants, indicating that the applied macro stress plays the most important role in their nucleation. Twinning shear compatibility over GB has been explicitly evaluated by a geometrical compatibility parameter (m′). It is found that nearly half of the cross-GB contraction twin pairs have high m′ values greater than 0.7, indicating that their formation is mainly due to twinning shear transmission over GBs. However, dramatically different from cross-GB extension twin pairs and bands reported before, the rest of the cross-GB contraction twin pairs have low m′ values smaller than 0.4. Their formation is due to the dominance of the applied macro stress near GBs.

Surface treated copper foil and its preparation is very important and widely used. The science research and enterprise competition always focus on the surface treated methods in the copper foil field. This paper summarized the typical surface treated processes of copper foil, and emphasized on research progress and problems of copper foil surface treated processes. The brush plating-dealloying treated process of copper foil was proposed based on the problems. The principle and research status of new process was introduced. At last, the future development of surface treated process and application prospect were forecast.

Portal hypertension after hepatectomy is associated with impaired postoperative recovery. Terlipressin decreased portal vein pressure in patients with variceal bleeding and improved patient survival, but the role of postoperative terlipressin treatment for patients who underwent liver resection is not clear.We determined the effect of terlipressin on portal vein pressure in patients with portal vein pressure12 mmHg after hepatectomy. If portal vein pressure was decreased (ie, Responders), a continuous infusion of terlipressin at 2 mg/day for 4 days was given. The incidence of posthepatectomy liver failure, abdominal drainage, acute kidney injury, operative complications, and side-effects of terlipressin in the Responders were compared with those whose portal vein pressure did not decrease (ie, non-Responders) and patients whose portal vein pressure was ≤12 mmHg after hepatectomy (low portal vein pressure group).We recruited 110 patients, 65 of whom were eligible for terlipressin administration. Portal vein pressure decreased in 46 patients (71%) with the mean portal vein pressure decreasing from 15.8 ± 2.6 mmHg to 14.3 ± 2.9 mmHg (P.001). The median [interquartile range] postoperative abdominal drainage for the first 3 postoperative days was less in the Responders than in the non-Responders (350 mL [228-573] vs 730 mL [330-980]; P = .004). Incidence of posthepatectomy liver failure in the Responders was less than the non-Responders (26% vs 53%, P = .04). Acute kidney injury, operative complications, and side-effects of terlipressin were not different between groups.Terlipressin decreased posthepatectomy portal vein pressure and may decrease the incidence of posthepatectomy liver failure and postoperative abdominal drainage (NCT03352349).

Reactivation of latent cytomegalovirus remains an important complication after transplant. Although immunosuppression (IS) has been implicated as a primary cause, we have previously shown that the implantation response of a kidney allograft can lead to early transcriptional activation of latent murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) genes in an immune-competent host and to MCMV reactivation and dissemination to other organs in a genetically immune-deficient recipient. We now describe a model that allows us to separately analyze the impact of the implantation effect vs that of a clinically relevant IS regimen. Treatment with IS of latently infected mice alone does not induce viral reactivation, but transplant of latently infected allogeneic kidneys combined with IS facilitates MCMV reactivation in the graft and dissemination to other organs. The IS regimen effectively dampens allo-immune inflammatory pathways and depletes recipient anti-MCMV but does not affect ischemia-reperfusion injury pathways. MCMV reactivation similar to that seen in allogeneic transplants combined with also occurs after syngeneic transplants. Thus, our data strongly suggest that while ischemia-reperfusion injury of the implanted graft is sufficient and necessary to initiate transcriptional reactivation of latent MCMV ("first hit"), IS is permissive to the first hit and facilitates dissemination to other organs ("second hit").

Imaging quality is a critical component of compressive imaging in real applications. In this study, we propose a compressive imaging method based on multi-scale modulation and reconstruction in the spatial frequency domain. Theoretical analysis and simulation show the relation between the measurement matrix resolution and compressive sensing (CS) imaging quality. The matrix design is improved to provide multi-scale modulations, followed by individual reconstruction of images of different spatial frequencies. Compared with traditional single-scale CS imaging, the multi-scale method provides high quality imaging in both high and low frequencies, and effectively decreases the overall reconstruction error. Experimental results confirm the feasibility of this technique, especially at low sampling rate. The method may thus be helpful in promoting the implementation of compressive imaging in real applications.

Background The use of angiotensin II inhibitors is associated with a low risk of recurrence and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is a key factor in tumor metastasis. Methods The effects of angiotensin II and irbesartan (an angiotensin II inhibitor) on HCC were explored with a xenograft model, microarray analysis and cell adhesion experiments. The relationship between the expression of VCAM-1 in HCC tissues and prognosis was analyzed with public and our institutional clinical databases. The effects of angiotensin II, irbesartan and VCAM-1 on adhesion and metastasis in HCC were explored with a xenograft model and cell adhesion experiments. The regulatory mechanisms were analyzed by Western blot analysis. Results Angiotensin II type 1 receptor and VCAM-1 were expressed in HCC tissues. Irbesartan inhibited HCC growth and metastasis in vivo and weakened the adhesion of HCC cells to endothelial cells, an effect that was enhanced by angiotensin II. VCAM-1 was found to be an independent risk factor for recurrence and survival in HCC patients with microvascular invasion. Angiotensin II upregulated VCAM-1 expression, and this upregulation was inhibited by irbesartan. Angiotensin II enhanced adhesion mainly by promoting the expression of VCAM-1 in HCC cells. Irbesartan inhibited the expression of VCAM-1 by reducing p38/MAPK phosphorylation activated by angiotensin II in HCC cells. Conclusions Irbesartan attenuates metastasis by inhibiting angiotensin II-activated VCAM-1 via the p38/MAPK pathway in HCC.

In this paper, a two-position rotating grating compressed sensing spectrometer is proposed, which can expand the spectrum measurement range nearly twice without losing high resolution. In the entire measurement process, two compressed sensing samples are taken for two spectral segments respectively, but through mathematical transformation, only one calculation is performed to reconstruct the whole spectrum. A spectroscopic experimental system is established, and spectral integration and line calibration are performed. The spectral resolution of the spectrometer is better than 0.6 nm, and the spectrum measurement range is 325.2 nm–737.1 nm. Finally, the transmission spectrum of a liquid solution is measured using the proposed spectrometer, and the influence of sampling ratio on the quality of spectral reconstruction is investigated.

A fast and efficient procedure for preparation of indigotin and indirubin from Folium isatidis extracts using macroporous resin followed by reversed phase flash chromatography was investigated in this paper. Nine widely used macroporous resins were used to enrich and separate two alkaloids from Folium isatidis. Finally, D3520 resin was chosen to enrich two alkaloids through static and dynamic adsorption tests. After one run of adsorption and desorption, the contents of indigotin and indirubin were 15.2 and 15.5-fold increased with recovery yields of 87.8% and 89.7%, respectively. The enriched sample was directly subjected to flash chromatography on C18 reversed phase silica gel column, and the separation of indigotin and indirubin was dramatically improved by using ionic liquid as mobile phase modifier for decreasing band tailing, reducing band broadening, and improving resolution. Indigotin and indirubin with purities of more than 96% were produced with recovery yields of 90.1% and 92.0% by C18 reversed phase flash chromatography. The developed procedure boasts production of high-purity product as well as high recoveries, and allows an easy scale-up. This study provides an excellent basis for large-scale preparation of alkaloids from Folium isatidis or other plant extracts.

An experiment on compressive microscopic imaging with single-pixel detector and single-arm has been performed on the basis of “positive–negative” (differential) light modulation of a digital micromirror device (DMD). A magnified image of micron-sized objects illuminated by the microscope's own incandescent lamp has been successfully acquired. The image quality is improved by one more orders of magnitude compared with that obtained by conventional single-pixel imaging scheme with normal modulation using the same sampling rate, and moreover, the system is robust against the instability of light source and may be applied to very weak light condition. Its nature and the analysis of noise sources is discussed deeply. The realization of this technique represents a big step to the practical applications of compressive microscopic imaging in the fields of biology and materials science.

A new type of compressive spectroscopy technique employing a complementary sampling strategy is reported. In a single sequence of spectral compressive sampling, positive and negative measurements are performed, in which sensing matrices with a complementary relationship are used. The restricted isometry property condition necessary for accurate recovery of compressive sampling theory is satisfied mathematically. Compared with the conventional single-pixel spectroscopy technique, the complementary compressive sampling strategy can achieve spectral recovery of considerably higher quality within a shorter sampling time. We also investigate the influence of the sampling ratio and integration time on the recovery quality.

An experimental demonstration of spectral imaging with measurement dimensions compressed has been performed. With the method of dual compressed sensing (CS) we derive, the spectral image of a colored object can be obtained with only a single point detector, and sub-sampling is achieved in both spatial and spectral domains. The performances of dual CS spectral imaging are analyzed, including the effects of dual modulation numbers and measurement noise on the imaging quality. Our scheme provides a stable, high-flux measurement approach of spectral imaging.

Reactivation of latent human cytomegalovirus is a significant infectious complication of organ transplantation and current therapies target viral replication once reactivation of latent virus has already occurred. The specific molecular pathways that activate viral gene expression in response to transplantation are not well understood. Our studies aim to identify these factors, with the goal of developing novel therapies that prevent transcriptional reactivation in transplant recipients. Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is a valuable model for studying latency and reactivation of CMV in vivo. We previously demonstrated that transplantation of MCMV-latently infected kidneys into allogeneic recipients induces reactivation of immediate early (IE) gene expression and epigenetic reprogramming of the major immediate early promoter (MIEP) within 48 h. We hypothesize that these events are mediated by activation of signalling pathways that lead to binding of transcription factors to the MIEP, including AP-1 and NF-κB. Here we show that transplantation induces rapid activation of several members of the AP-1 and NF-κB transcription factor family and we demonstrate that canonical NF-κB (p65/p50), the junD component of AP-1, and nucleosome remodelling complexes are recruited to the MIEP following transplantation. Proteomic analysis of recipient plasma and transcriptome analysis of kidney RNA identified five extracellular ligands, including TNF, IL-1β, IL-18, CD40L and IL-6, and three intracellular signalling pathways associated with reactivation of IE gene expression. Identification of the factors that mediate activation of these signalling pathways may eventually lead to new therapies to prevent reactivation of CMV and its sequelae.

We propose a novel quantum dialogue protocol by using the generalized Bell states and entanglement swapping. In the protocol, a sequence of ordered two-qutrit entangled states acts as quantum information channel for exchanging secret messages directly and simultaneously. Besides, a secret key string is shared between the communicants to overcome information leakage. Different from those previous information leakage-resistant quantum dialogue protocols, the particles, composed of one of each pair of entangled states, are transmitted only one time in the proposed protocol. Security analysis shows that our protocol can overcome information leakage and resist several well-known attacks. Moreover, the efficiency of our scheme is acceptable.

Introduction The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the outcomes of return-to-work for stroke survivors of working age after conventional stroke rehabilitation or vocational rehabilitation. Method Searches were performed using three electronic databases for literature published in English in the 10-year period 2004–2014 which included a population of working age stroke survivors who had previously participated in conventional or vocational rehabilitation, and which presented the outcomes of return-to-work. Findings The literature search yielded 10 studies that satisfied our selection criteria. Three studies involved vocational rehabilitation. Studies illustrated and compared the vocational status at or among different stages of ‘pre-stroke’, ‘post-stroke and before rehabilitation discharge’, ‘rehabilitation discharge’ and ‘follow-up’. The employment rate at follow-up ranged from 7% to 81.1%. Conclusion Methodological variations accounted for the wide range of return-to-work rates. There was limited evidence to support the conclusion that rehabilitation increases return-to-work rates for stroke survivors of working age, but recent studies showed that improvements in fatigue and cognitive function after stroke rehabilitation were related to good return-to-work outcomes. Either specialised vocational rehabilitation, conventional stroke rehabilitation or their combination is needed to increase return-to-work rates and improve the quality of life for stroke survivors of working age.

The technologies of brush plating and dealloying were used to treat the surface of rolled copper foil. Zn–Ni and Sn–Zn alloy coatings were prepared. The laws of plating solutions composition and technological parameters on coatings quality were investigated. The results show that with the decreasing of main elements mass ratio or increasing of brush time, thickness and corrosion resistance of Zn–Ni alloy coating increase. With the increasing of brush plating voltage or time, surface roughness of Sn–Zn alloy coating decreases. Turning up brush plating voltage could raise deposition rate of sub-tin and zinc ions and refine surface grains of coating. The angle of dealloying has the significant effect on the roughness of dealloyed Sn–Zn alloy coating. As the dealloying angle increases, surface roughness of dealloyed Sn–Zn alloy coating increases. The contribution of dealloying time to surface roughness of treated coating is obviously larger than that of corrosion solution concentration.

Ghost imaging, which is an indirect imaging technique that uses correlations between two beams to retrieve the information of an object, is applicable to any wavelength. It has been performed with a growing range of light sources, including x-rays, the visible, and the infrared, and has also been extended to atoms and electrons recently. In this Letter, we demonstrate acoustical ghost imaging using the correlation between random acoustic patterns, which are generated by the phase and delaying manipulation of a transducer array and the total transmitted intensity signals. Furthermore, the reconstruction quality and resolution can be further improved by compressed sensing. This study shows a demonstration of ghost imaging using mechanical waves. Moreover, this approach requires fewer computational resources and offers great promise for high-speed and high-resolution acoustical imaging.

Accurate evaluation of the thermal shock resistance is great importance when estimating both the life and the performance of piezoelectric structures under thermal shock load. Non-Fourier heat conduction law assumed that the speed of heat propagation in a body is finite, which is more exact to evaluate the thermal shock resistance when the thermal shock time reduces to ps/fs scale or the length size of materials reduces to micro/nanoscale. A hyperbolic heat conduction equation was used to study the thermal shock resistance of a cylindrical piezoelectric structure, in which a permeable penny-shaped crack is considered. The analytical solution of non-Fourier temperature filed is determined by the method of separated variable. The formulas of the associating thermal stress and electrical displacement in the piezoelectric cylinder without crack were obtained. The crack problem is solved by the Dual integral equation and Abel integral equation. The thermal shock resistance is evaluated by associating the stress-based and fracture mechanics-based failure criteria.

Single-pixel imaging technology has significant imaging advantages in the invisible wavelength and low light environment. Considering the energy compressive characteristic of discrete cosine spectrum, a single-pixel microscopic compressive imaging method based on the two-dimensional discrete cosine transform is proposed. In this method, a digital micro-mirror device is used for high-speed binary differential modulation of discrete cosine basis patterns; and the zigzag sorting is adopted to perform the under-sampling. The discrete cosine spectrum is generated by calculating the weighted sum of the light intensities measured by a single-pixel detector, and the object is reconstructed by two-dimensional inverse discrete cosine transform. The proposed method is verified by both computational simulations and laboratory experiments. The effects of different sampling rates, binary quantization level and compressive sampling modes on imaging results are discussed. The results show that the proposed method can realize high quality and high efficiency imaging. The method is suitable for microscopic imaging applications.

Zn-0.8Mn (in wt%) alloy with good ductility is used for design of novel Zn-0.8Mn-0.4x (x = Ag, Cu or Ca) alloys. Hot extrusion not only eliminates brittleness of the as-cast alloys but also significantly improves their strengths. Among them, Zn-0.8Mn-0.4Ca exhibits the highest strength, Zn-0.8Mn-0.4Ag exhibits the highest ductility, but Zn-0.8Mn-0.4Cu exhibits the best combination of strength and ductility. The minor addition of Ag, Cu or Ca accelerates alloy degradation in simulated body fluid. However, Cu addition much improves in vitro biocompatibility and endows antibacterial ability of Escherichia coli. Overall, Zn-0.8Mn-0.4Cu alloy has the best comprehensive properties.

To study the anti-asthmatic effects of Volatile oil ofAfter grouping (VOR could maintain normal growth of body weight in asthmatic mice, improve asthmatic behaviors, respiratory function, lung histopathology and, inhibit over-expression of IL-17A and RORγt (VOR has significant effects of anti-asthma and one of the mechanisms is to inhibit immune activity of Th17 cell through relieving over-expression of IL-17 and RORγt. Besides, the combination of VOR and glucocorticoid could bring synergistic effects.

To observe the preventive and therapeutic action of Yuyin Ruangan Granule (YRG, Traditional Chinese Medicine) in hepatic fibrosis rats model and its effect on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression.The Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 group (At the 7YRG has significantly preventive effects on liver fibrosis rats model, and it may be one of its mechanisms to inhibit expression of TGF-β1.

The principle of two-phase zone directional solidification technique is presented in this paper, taking the GH4738 nickel-based superalloy as the object, under the conditions of the mold temperature at 1350 °C and withdrawing speed from 3 to 6 mm/min. GH4738 nickel-based superalloy billets were prepared by two-phase zone directional solidification equipment developed all by the authors. The microstructure and mechanical properties of two-phase zone directionally solidified GH4738 nickel-based superalloy were investigated by metallographic microscope and mechanical testing machine. The effect of withdrawing speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy were studied. The results show that, the microstructure of two-phase zone directionally solidified GH4738 nickel-based superalloy was composed of irregular columnar crystals with the branches. As the withdrawing speed increased from 3 to 6 mm/min, the grain size of the columnar crystal decreased, the branches’ number of the columnar crystals increased, the tensile strength of the alloy increased from 823 to 844 MPa, the elongation decreased from 43.3 to 36%. When the mold temperature was 1350 °C, the withdrawing speed was 6 mm/min, the tensile strength was 844 MPa and the elongation was 36%. Compared with the traditional vacuum induction melting of cast, the tensile strength of nickel-based superalloy GH4738 increased 20 MPa and the elongation increased by 9.2%. The nickel-based superalloy billets prepared by two-phase zone directional solidification had higher comprehensive mechanical properties.

7075 aluminum alloy powders were used as raw materials. The selective laser melting single tracks forming experiment of 7075 aluminum alloy was carried out at scanning speed of 50–700 mm s−1, laser power of 80–100 W. The continuity and dimensional uniformity of selective laser melting 7075 aluminum alloy single tracks were characterized by OM and SEM. The influence law of laser power and scanning speed on the continuity and dimensional uniformity of selective laser melting 7075 aluminum alloy single tracks were revealed. The results show that: when the laser power was increased from 80 to 100 W and the scanning speed of 50–700 mm s−1, the continuity and dimensional uniformity of selective laser melting 7075 aluminum alloy single tracks were improved, the morphology was changed from discrete irregular particles to continuous single line. When the laser power was 80 W, the continuity of selective laser melting 7075 aluminum alloy 3D printing single tracks was deteriorated, but the dimensional uniformity was improved, with the increases of scanning speed from 100 to 700 mm s−1. When the laser power was 100 W, the continuity and dimensional uniformity of the 7075 aluminum alloy selective laser melting 3D printing single tracks were improved with the increases of scanning speed from 50 to 300 mm s−1; the continuity and dimensional uniformity of the 7075 aluminum alloy selective laser melting 3D printing single tracks reduced with the increase of scanning speed from 500 to 700 mm s−1. Laser power has a great impact on the continuity and dimensional uniformity of 7075 aluminum alloy selective laser melting 3D printing single tracks, high laser power and low scanning speed are beneficial to obtaining continuous and dimensional homogeneous of the 7075 aluminum alloy single tracks.

We report an experimental demonstration of spectral imaging with a spectrometer without any scanning. The spatial resolution is provided by spatial light modulation based on the theory of compressed sensing. Objects with both continuous and discrete spectrum are used to demonstrate the performance of our system, which shows wide-spectrum and high efficient spectral imaging ability. The spatial and spectral resolutions of our imaging system are also discussed. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

To study ball bearing motor working principle, an ingenious experiment was self-designed, which results indicated that the nature for driving torque of the ball bearing motor was thermal expansion rather than electromagnetic force as generally considered. Furthermore, the threshold current and cutoff temperature for the ball bearing motor were found in our experiment.

Cu–4.7%Sn (mass fraction) alloy plate was prepared by the self-developed two-phase zone continuous casting (TZCC) process. The relationship between process parameters of TZCC and surface quality of the alloy plate was investigated. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the TZCC alloy plate were analyzed. The results show that Cu–4.7%Sn alloy plate with smooth surface can be obtained by means of reasonable matching the entrance temperature of two-phase zone mold and the continuous casting speed. The microstructure of the TZCC alloy is composed of grains-covered grains, small grains with self-closed grain boundaries, columnar grains and equiaxed grains. Compared with cold mold continuous casting Cu–4.7%Sn alloy plate, the room temperature tensile strength and ductility of the TZCC alloy plate are greatly improved.

In this paper, we present an innovative method of double balanced differential configuration, in which two adjacent single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) from the same wafer are configured as the first balanced structure, and the output signal from the first balanced stage is subtracted by the attenuated gate driving signal as the second balanced stage. The compact device is cooled down to 236 K to be characterized. At a gate repetition rate of 400 MHz and a 1 550 nm laser repetition rate of 10 MHz, the maximum photon detection efficiency of 13.5% can be achieved. The dark count rate is about 10−4 ns−1 at photon detection efficiency of 10%. The afterpulsing probability decreases with time exponentially. It is shown that this configuration is effective to discriminate the ultra-weak avalanche signal in high speed gating rates.

In order to determine the structure-performance relationship of nonionic-zwitterionic hybrid surfactants, N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecyl polyoxyethylene (n) amine oxides (C12EOnAO) with different polyoxyethylene lengths (EOn, n = 1–4) were synthesized. For homologous C12EOnAO, it was observed that the critical micelle concentration (CMC), the maximum surface excess (Γm), CMC/C20, and the critical micelle aggregation number (Nm,c) decreased on going from 1 to 4 in EOn. However, there were concomitant increases in surface tension at the CMC (γCMC), minimum molecular cross-sectional area (Amin), adsorption efficiency (pC20), and the polarity ([I1/I3]m) based on the locus of solubilization for pyrene. The values of log CMC and Nm,c decreased linearly with EOn lengthening from 1 to 4, although the impact of each EO unit on the CMC of C12EOnAO (n = 1–4) was much smaller than that typically seen for methylene units in the hydrophobic main chains of traditional surfactants. Compared to the structurally related conventional surfactant N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecyl amine oxide (C12AO), C12EOnAO (n = 1–4) have smaller CMC, Amin, and CMC/C20, but larger pC20, Γm, and Nm,c with a higher [I1/I3]m. This may be attributed to the moderately amphiphilic EOn (n = 1–4) between the hydrophobic C12 tail and the hydrophilic AO head group.

Copper foils for flexible printed circuit boards were prepared by double rolling, and the matt surface of double-rolled copper foil was characterized by atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscope, 3D optical interferometer, optical microscope and surface profiler. The morphology characteristics of matt surface were studied, and the formation mechanism of matt surface was discussed. The results showed that the matt surface of the double-rolled copper foil presented rough and relatively homogeneous morphology, and the morphologies of upper and lower matt surfaces were practically coincident. As the copper strips just entered into the deforming zone, the roughening of laminated surface occurred, but the roughness was relatively small. When the copper strips passed through the neutral plane, the roughness of the laminated surface increased significantly. In the backward slip zone, the initial micro-dimples between the two laminated surfaces were connected in the rolling direction, which led to the formation of larger and airtight dimples; when the copper strips moved toward the neutral plane and entered into the forward slip zone, the pressure of fluid in the airtight dimples increased rapidly, which enhanced the depths of the dimples; meanwhile, the depression corrugations with certain depth and larger width were formed on the laminated surface because of the dimple connection in the width direction. The copper foils with thickness of 36–54 μm were fabricated by double rolling, and the R z value of their matt surfaces was 1.0–1.3 μm, which meet the requirements for directly using as adhesive surface of resin substrate, and therefore multiple roughening treatments during the traditional production process of flexible printed circuit board might be omitted. The formation mechanism of the matt surface of double-rolled copper foil proposed on the basis of the metal flow and deformation mechanics theory could explain the representative characteristics of the length direction of corrugations on matt surface being perpendicular to the rolling direction, several corrugations within a grain on the matt surface and the coincident morphologies of the upper and lower matt surfaces.

In the context of correspondence ghost imaging, we utilize the correlation coefficients to separate the reference detector speckle patterns into positive and negative correlated parts. A positive image and a negative image of the object are obtained by averaging over corresponding speckle patterns. The visibility and contrast-to-noise ratio of the positive image are discussed, and it is found that the latter will reach a maximum by averaging over a little less than half of the total number of reference speckle patterns.

Myeloid cells are important cell types that carry human cytomegalovirus. Latent viral DNA is present in CD34+ progenitor cells and their derived monocytes. However, differentiation of latently infected monocytes to mature macrophages or dendritic cells causes reactivation of latent viruses. During hematopoietic development, pluripotent genes are repressed, and lineage specific genes are activated in a step-wise manner. This process is governed by cell-type specific chromatin states. Enhancers in the hematopoietic system are highly dynamic and established by pioneer (first tier) transcription factors (TFs), which set the stage for second and third tier TF binding. In this review, we examine the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate myeloid cell development, cell identity, and activation with a special focus on factors that regulate viral gene expression and the status of viral infection in myeloid cells.

In this years, the human society has entered information period . many aspects of human life has changed , the traditional teaching system and teaching model are facing the challenge of the transform , so the M-learning has become a new learning style . Nowadays, the Mobile Learning has based on the mobile Intern technology and mobile communication technology . So this stylize is very popular .

As the Key Components of a Horizontal Axis Tidal Current Energy(HATCE) Turbine, the Blades will be Affected by the Force of the Fluid when the Turbine is Working, which also Results in a Possible Effect on the Safety and Stability of the Tidal Current Energy Turbine. Thus, both the Structural Performance and Energy-Catching Efficiency of HATCE Turbine should be Paid Equal Attention. in this Study, Basing on the Workbench, the Energy-Catching Efficiency and Structure Performance of the Designed HATCE Turbine with Stainless Steel and Structural Steel at the Different Current Speeds are Comparatively Studied Using Unidirectional FSI Analysis Method. it can be Concluded that the Output Power of the Turbine is Lower at a Low Current Speed but its Energy-Catching Efficiency is Higher and Vise Versa. as a Result of Structure Performance Analysis, the Designed Turbine has Adequate Safetyunder all Loaded Conditions. Thus, the Designed Turbine Models are Available.

A single-photon imaging system based on compressed sensing has been developed to image objects under ultra-low illumination. With this system, we have successfully realized imaging at the single-photon level with a single-pixel avalanche photodiode without point-by-point raster scanning. From analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio in the measurement we find that our system has much higher sensitivity than conventional ones based on point-by-point raster scanning, while the measurement time is also reduced.

Brush plating technology was employed to directly achieve double coatings of Zn–Ni alloy and Sn–Zn alloy on the surface of rolled copper foil. Dealloying technology was applied to implement porous surface. Surface morphology, roughness, chemical composition, corrosion resistance and interfacial bonding strength of copper foil and double coatings were characterized. For the Zn–Ni alloy coating formed by brush plating at a voltage of 10–14 V, the corrosion resistance was favorable and the surface roughness was about 200 nm. For the brush plating Sn–Zn alloy coating, the surface roughness was about 500 nm. Little diffusion of alloy elements occurred at the interface of two coatings. The brush plating Zn–Ni alloy coating is an effective barrier to copper element diffusion and the brush plating Sn–Zn alloy coating is in capacity of anti-oxidation passivation. The tensile bonding strength between the above two coatings surpassed 32 MPa. The surface roughness of the dealloyed Sn–Zn alloy coating was uniform and could maximally reach to about 3 μm. The peel strength of rolled copper foil combined with resin board was about 1.1 N/mm, which exceeded the current standard of 0.8 N/mm. It is feasible to introduce brush plating and dealloying technologies into the surface treatment of rolled copper foil. A new compact and efficient surface treatment technology for the high performance rolled copper foil is excepted to be developed.

In this paper, temperature field analysis of concrete filled steel tube reinforced concrete columns in fire has been carried on. A finite element model for concrete filled steel tube reinforced concrete columns in fire is developed by ABAQUS. The cross-sectional temperature field distribution regularity of concrete filled steel tube reinforced concrete columns in fire has been obtained. Parameter analysis such as fire duration time and steel ratio on the column section temperature field is conducted, and this provide the reference for the further analysis of concrete filled steel tube reinforced concrete columns.